New Index.Fm Page 630 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

New Index.fm Page 630 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

A adherence absolute URLs, 51 to corporate style accessibility, 278 guides, 234 assistive technology, 280 to design principles, 232 case study, 296–297 adjusting focus, 333 for disabled users Adobe Acrobat Reader, 27 table axis, 292 Adobe Atmosphere, 369 table captions, 291 Adobe GoLive, 108–110 table summaries, 292 Adobe Illustrator, 121 enhancing with HTML 4.01, 285 Adobe LiveMotion, 126–127 forms, 287–289 Adobe Photoshop, 116 link tag, 285–286 Adobe Premiere, 130 title attribute, 286 advertising, 209, 449 for visually impaired banner ads, 450–452 users, 284 co-branding, 458 color, 282 e-mail marketing, 453–454 graphics, 282 interactivity, 371 text, 281 link exchanges, 456 implementing, 279, 293 newsgroups, 454–455 legislation, ADA, 294–296 offline strategies, 456 W3C compliance, 294 targeting the audience, 449–450 WAI, 278–279 web rings, 456 accessing Internet AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) ﬁles, 81 connection speed, 9 algorithms, 70 dialup, 11 align attibute (table tag), 55 high-speed access, 11 align="x" attribute (image tag), 52 ISPs, 10 align="x" attribute online database information, 377 (table tag), 55 activity tracking, websites, 411 aligning text, 207–208 ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), 294– allowZoomAndPan 296 attribute, 74 adding analog multimedia formats versus digital, 76 animation, 340 Anchor tag, 53–54 animated GIFs, angle brackets, 49 341–342 animated GIFs, 341–342 Dynamic HTML, 341 animation SWF animation, 342 animated GIFs, 341–342 captions to tables, 291 applications, 125 summaries to tables, 292 Adobe LiveMotion, additive synthesis, 65 126–127

New Index.fm Page 631 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Macromedia Flash, 127 link management, 407 digital, 77 rippers, 81 Dynamic HTML, 341 scheduling tools, 172 interactivity, 368 search engines reducing download listing site with, 446 time, 340 website ranking, streaming, 340 447–449 SWF animation, 342 vector graphics, 120 versus interactivity, 364 Adobe Illustrator, 121 animators CorelDRAW, 123, 125 porfolios, job-specific Macromedia Freehand, 122 content, 476 web browsers, 18 role of, 156 bookmarks/favorites, 23 anonymous FTP sites, 15 future capabilities, 20 The Ant, 105 Internet Explorer, 20 anti-aliasing, 204 media support, 23 anti-dilution laws, 434 plug-ins, 26–29 Apple Final Cut Pro, 132 rules, 49 Apple QuickTime, 27, 132 source code view, 22 applets, 93 WYSIWYG editors, transferring files, 445 interactivity, 375 applying Java, 375 attributes to tags, 51 applications style to HTML documents animation, 125 embedded style, 47–48 Adobe LiveMotion, 126–127 imported style, 49 Macromedia Flash, 127 linked style, 48 audio/video approval process for web design, 151–152 Adobe Premiere, 130 ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), Apple Final Cut development of Internet, 4 Pro, 132 artifacts, 72 Apple QuickTime, 132 ASP (Active Server Page), RealProducer, 133 89–92 Windows Media Player, 133–134 ASPs (Application Service Providers), 436–437 bitmap graphics, 114 assembling HTML sites, Adobe Photoshop, 116 383–384 Corel Photo-Paint, 119 assigning tab order for Macromedia Fireworks, 117 links, 290 databases, dynamic web publishing, 437–438 assistive technology, 280 digital video editing tools, 351 Assistive Technology Act, accessibility FTP, 443, 445 requirements, 295

New Index.fm Page 632 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

632 attributes, 50 background properties (CSS), 215–216, 583 frame tag, 60 background-attachment property (CSS), 583 frameset tag, 59 background-color property (CSS), 582 HTML, 491 background-image property (CSS), 582 image tag, 52–53 background-position property (CSS), 583 table tag, 54, 56 backup process, 168 XHTML, 574 bandwidth, 9 core attributes, 574 banner ads, 209, 450 event attributes, design guidelines, 451–452 574–576 placement, 452 keyboard attributes, 574 rates, 451 lanuage attributes, 574 Berners-Lee, Tim, 4, 8 audience best practices defining, 145–147 for designing interfaces, targeting, 449–450 244–245 audio for incorporating interactivity, 366–367 digital, 80–81, 344 for interface usability, 250 editing, 346 for navigational usability, 268 embedding, 347 Bezier curve, 69 recording, 345–346 billing clients, 150 streaming, 344–345 binary language, 11 streaming, 82 bitmap graphics, 69 multicast, 83 applications, 114 QuickTime, 83 Adobe Photoshop, 116 RealAudio, 83 Corel Photo-Paint, 119 unicast, 82 Macromedia Fire- Windows Media Server, 83 works, 117 audio designers, role of, 156 BMP, 75 audio/video applications GIFs, 72 Adobe Premiere, 130 JPEGs, 72 Apple Final Cut Pro, 132 PNG, 74 Apple QuickTime, 132 SVG, 74 RealProducer, 133 TIFFs, 75 Windows Media Player, 133–134 WMF, 75 AudioTrack, 347 bitmap-based software, 328 auditory disabilities, Bitnet, 4 designing for, 284 Blaxxun3D, 26 aural style sheets, properties, 603–608 BMP images, 75 avatars, 369 body section, HTML documents, 45–46 AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) ﬁles, 78 lists, 56–57 awards, listing on resume, 475 body tag, 45 axis, creating for tables, 292 bookmarks, 23 border property (CSS), 590 border="x" attribute (frameset tag), 59 B border="x" attribute (image tag), 52 background graphics, 201

New Index.fm Page 633 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

633 border="x" attribute (table tag), 55 C border-collapse property cable Internet access, 11 (CSS), 600 caching images, 404 border-color property (CSS), 587–588 calibration, display colors, 329–330 border-style property canvas size, changing, 338 (CSS), 589 captions, creating for border-width property (CSS), 587–588 tables, 291 brainstorming sessions, 145 capturing digital video, brand bar, 240–242 349–351 branding, 232 career development adherence to corporate style guide, 234 education, 474–475 breadcrumb trails, 266–267 interviewing, 479 brightness, adjusting, 333 portfolios browsers, 18 career summary, 473 bookmarks/favorites, 23 CD-ROM-based, 468 development, 18–19 contact information, 473 display inconsistencies, 199 cover letter, 471 frames, 203 creating, 467 future capabilities, 20 development process, 470 Internet Explorer, 20 formats, 467 media support, 23 job-speciﬁc content, 475, 477 Mosaic, 5, 18 objective statement, 473–474 plug-ins, 26 paper version, 469 Acrobat Reader, 27 presentation-based, 469 Flash Player, 28 references, 477–478 installing, 29 résumé, 472 QuickTime, 27 web-based, 468 RealPlayer, 28 work samples, 475 SVG, 28 carrier technologies, connection speeds, 436 VRML, 29 case studies, interview with David Oberhard, rules, 49 296–297 source code view, 22 CCDs (charge-coupled devices), 327 testing websites, 396 CD-ROM-based portfolios, 468 text, readability, 187–188 cellpadding="x" attribute (table tag), 55 XML-capable, 41–42 cellspacing="x" attribute (table tag), 55 BrowserWatch, 18–19 CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 90–91 budgeting web projects, changing canvas size, 338 149–150 characteristics building websites, 383–384 of HTML, 5 buttons as navigation of World Wide Web, 6 scheme, 257 chat, 381, 383 choosing domain names, 442 chunking, 162 ciphertext, 379 clarity, as design principle, 194, 231

New Index.fm Page 634 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

634 class selectors, 577–578 calibration, tips, 329 clear property (CSS), 594 delivery, 65 clear writing, elements of, designing for visually impaired users, 282 308–309 dithering, 68 client list (portfolios), gamma, 329 477–478 hexadecimal, 67 client/server model, 12 opacity, 74 TCP/IP, 13 Pantone, 235 thin client, 20 selecting, 201, 236 clients subtractive, 64 billing, 150 symbolism, 303 contact information, 143 web-safe, 68 design approval process, 151–152 color property (CSS), 582 feedback, 427 color spaces, 66 initial meeting, 143–145 cols="x" attribute (frameset tag), 59 interviewing, 144–145 commands, Telnet, 16 obtaining, 142 presenting with completed project, 429 competition review form, 428 surveying, 148 sign-off, obtaining, 429 site monitoring, 410 working with, 142–143 complementary colors, 65 client-side image maps, 254 completion of projects, 429 client-side scripting, 88 compliance to W3C accessibility, JavaScript, 89 recommendations, 294 VBScript, 89 compression, 70 clip property (CSS), 595 artifacts, 72 closed captioning, 284 digital video, 352 CMOS (complementary metal-oxide lossless, 71 semiconductor) chips, 327 computer-generated CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), 66 images, 328 co-branding, 458 conceptual model of World Wide Web, 6 code validators, 398–399 connection speed, Internet, 9 codec (compression/decom- comparing, 435–436 pression) schemes, 78, 352 connectivity coding HTML client/server model, 12 conversion utilities, Internet, 9 104–105 dialup, 11 editors high-speed access, 11 simple editors, ISPs, 10 105–106 consistency, as design principle, 194, 231 WYSIWYG editors, 106–112 consistency checks, performing, 394 hand-coding, 104 constrast, as design cognitive disabilities, designing for, 285 principle, 195 ColdFusion, 92 contact information colocating, 439 for clients, 143 color for portfolio, 473 additive synthesis, 65 content

New Index.fm Page 635 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

635 dating, 409 relevance of OCR, 322 content, 321 organizing, 158–159 timeliness originality of, 322 of content, 321 proofreading, 323 tips, 320–321 relevance of, 321 voice, 320 static versus dynamic, copyrights, 434 159–160 ownership establishment, 433 surfacing, 203 core attributes, XHTML, 574 timeliness of, 321 Corel Photo-Paint, 119 update plans, 164 CorelDRAW, 123–125 updating, 411 corporate identity, creating, 232 writing corporate style guides, adherence to, 234 tips, 320–321 cost of hosting services, 440 voice, 320 counter-increment property (CSS), 596 content attribute (meta tag), 45 counter-reset property (CSS), 598 content property (CSS), cover letter for portfolio, 471 596–597 creating contracts, 410 accessible sites with HTML 4.01, 285 negotiating, 153–155 forms, 287–289 signing off, 427, 429 link tag, 285–286 contrast title attribute, 286 adjusting, 333 animations as design principle, 231 Adobe LiveMotion, 126–127 controlling typographical elements, 237–238 Macromedia Flash, 127 controls (HTML forms), corporate identity, 232 87–88 home pages, guidelines, 243–244 labeling, 536 images, 323 controls conventions from stock photo-graphy, 327 typography, 207 links, 259 versus standards, 21 with digital cameras, converting HTML to XHTML 326–327 HTML-Tidy, 64 with scanners, utilities, 104–105 324–325 validators, 64 interfaces, best practices, cookies, 377, 431 244–245 COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection portfolios, 467 Act), 430 career summary, 473 copy CD-ROM-based, 468 OCR, 322 contact information, 473 proofreading, 323 cover letter, 471 typography, 323 development process, 470 writing, 319 formats, 467 originality of job-speciﬁc content, 475–477 content, 322 objectives statement, 473

New Index.fm Page 636 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

636 paper version, 469 color, 582 presentation-based, 469 content, 596–597 references, 477–478 counter-increment, 596 résumé, 472 counter-reset, 598 skill set summary, 473–474 cue, 605 web-based, 468 cue-after, 605 work samples, 475 cue-before, 605 privacy statements, 430 cursor, 596 prototypes, 242 direction, 596 requirements document, 164 display, 591 search features, 255 elevation, 606 text, 204–205 empty-cells, 600 creative director, role of, 156 ﬂoat, 594 cropping images, 336 font, 586 cross-navigational systems, 252 font-family, 584 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), 46, 209–211 font-size, 585 background properties, 215–216 font-size-adjust, 585 border properties, 218 font-stretch, 585 classification font-style, 584 properties, 220 font-variant, 584 dimension properties, 219 font-weight, 584 embedded style, 47–48, 214 height, 593 font properties, 217 line-height, 593 imported style, 49, 213 list-style, 599 inheritance, 212–213 list-style-position, 599 inline styles, 214 list-style-type, linked style, 48, 215 598–599 list properties, 219 margin, 586 margin properties, marker-offset, 598 218–219 marks, 601 positioning properties, 221 max-height, 593 properties, 579 min-height, 593 background, 583 outline, 591 background-attachment, 583 outline-color, 591 background-color, 582 outline-style, 590 background-image, 582 outline-width, 590 background-position, 583 overﬂow, 595 border, 590 padding, 587 border-collapse, 600 page, 602–603 border-color, 587–588 page-break-after, 602 border-style, 589 page-break-before, 602 border-width, page-break-inside, 602 587–588 pause, 604 clear, 594 pause-after, 604 clip, 595 pause-before, 604

New Index.fm Page 637 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

637 pitch, 607 databases pitch-range, 608 accessing online, 376 play-during, 605–606 dynamic web publishing, 437–438 position, 592 interactivity, 375–377 richness, 608 e-commerce, 378–379 row-span, 601 personalized websites, 377 size, 601 security, 379 speak, 604 public-key cryptography, speak-header, 379–380 600–601 SSL, 380 speak-numeral, 608 WHOIS, 442 speak-punctuation, 608 dedicated FTP packages, 443 speech-rate, 607 deep site structure, 233 table-layout, 600 deﬁning text-align, 580 scope of project, 147 text-decoration, 580 target audience, text-indent, 579 145–147 text-shadow, 581 deﬁnition lists, adding to HTML documents, 57 text-transform, 580 deliverables, reviewing against outcome, 428 vertical-align, 594 demographic research, 450 visibility, 595 deprecated tags, 60 voice-family, 607 description, keywords, 45 volume, 603 design principles, 191 white-space, 581 clarity, 194 widows, 603 consistency, 194 width, 592 contrast, 195 word-spacing, 581 emphasis, 198 z-index, 595 information architecture, 162–163 rules, 578 simplicity, 196–197 selectors, 577–578 structure, 197 syntax, 211–212 style sheets, 210 text properties, 216–217) team structure, 157 CSS2 (Cascading Style Sheets 2), pseudo classes, terminology, 192–193 578 unity, 195 cubicle testing, 415 de-skewing images, 330 cue property (CSS), 605 developing cue-after property (CSS), 605 content update plans, 164 cue-before property (CSS), 605 help system, 250 cursor property (CSS), 596 interfaces, best practices, customer support, 411 244–245 CuteFTP, 444 navigation schemes, 239–240, 251–252 portfolios, 470 D prototypes, 242 data types of HTML elements, time line, 165–166 492–495

New Index.fm Page 638 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

638 development speech disabilities, designing for, 285 of Internet, ARPA, 4 visually impaired users, designing for, 281– of web browsers, 18–19 284 devices Discrete Cosine Transformation, 73 capturing video, 349, 351 display property (CSS), 591 CCDs, 327 dithering, 68 digital cameras, 326–327 DNS (Domain Name for disabled users, 280 Server), 441 modems, 11 documents, HTML scanners, 324–325 body section, 46 DHTML (Dynamic HTML), 42 lists, 56–57 dialup, 11 body tags, 45 digital animation, 77 frameset, 58 digital audio, 80–81, 344 head section, 45 editing, 346 head tags, 45 embedding, 347 inserting images, recording, 345–346 51–53 streaming, 344–345 keywords, 45 digital cameras, creating images, 326–327 rules, 49 digital multimedia formats, versus analog, 76 structure, 45 digital video, 78, 80–81, 347 style, 46–49 capturing, 349 DOM, hierarchical structure, 42 compression, 352 Domain Name System, 4 editing, 351 domain names, selecting, embedding, 352 441–442 multicasting, 348 downloading ﬁles streaming, 348 animations, 340 digitizing, 77 optimal sizes, 246, dimensions of images, adjusting, 52 365–366 direction property (CSS), 596 plug-ins, 29 disabled users reducing time for, 208, accessibility, 278–279 405–406 enhancing with HTML 4.01, DPI (dots per inch), 326 285–289 drum scanners, 325 implementing, 293 DSL (Digital Subscriber setting tab sequences, 290 Line), 11 table axis, 292 DTD (Document Type Deﬁnitions), XHTML, 63 table captions, 291 frameset, 63 table summaries, 292 strict, 63 W3C compliance, 294 transitional, 63 WAI, 278–279 dynamic content, 159–160 ADA, 294–296 Dynamic HTML, animations, 341 assistive technology, 280 dynamic URLs, 54 cognitive disabilities, designing for, 285 dynamic websites, 375, 437 motor disabilities, designing for, 284

New Index.fm Page 639 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

639 E establishing tab order in e-commerce, 378–379 links, 290 editing events, HTML, 491 applications evolution of WWW, 184 Adobe GoLive, examples of clear writing, 108–110 308–309 Macromedia Dreamweaver, 112 experience, listing on Microsoft FrontPage, 110 resume, 474 simple editors, 105–106 external conventions, 240 WYSIWYG editors, 106–108 external style sheets, 48 digital audio, 346 digital video, 351 F images, 335 facilitating usability tests, text error checking, 416–417 394–395 fair use issues, 433 educational background FAQs, 412 job searching, 474–475 favorites list, web browsers, 23 listing on resume, 474–475 feedback, 427 elements interactivity, 185 of clear writing, 308–309 Fetch, 444 of interfaces, 235 fieldsets, 287 elements (HTML), 495–498, 503–504, 510, 514– file management, 167 515, 526, 529, 532–535, 541, 547–548 backup process, 168 data types, 492–495 media assets conversion, 169–170 elevation property (CSS), 606 File Transfer Protocol e-mail, 17, 23 (FTP), 13 marketing techniques, 453–454 files versus instant messaging, 24 downloading time, 208 graphics embedded styles, 47–48, 214 BMP, 75 embedding compression schemes, 70 digital audio, 347 EPS, 75 digital video, 352 GIFs, 72 emphasis, as design principle, 198, 231 JPEGs, 72 empty-cells property (CSS), 600 PCX, 76 encryption, SSL, 432 PICT, 76 enforceable contracts, 155 PNG, 74 engaging the audience, interactivity, 365 SVG, 74 enhancing accessibility with HTML 4.01, 285 TIFF, 75 forms, 287–288 WMF, 75 link tag, 285–286 QuickTime, 79 title attribute, 286 SWF, 78 EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), 75 usability, 246 error checking websites, Flash Player, 28 394–395 flatbed scanners, 324

New Index.fm Page 640 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

640 float property (CSS), 594 controls, 87–88 flow charting, 233 enhancing site accessibility, 287–288 flow charts, 163 form tag, 86 focus, adjusting, 333= input tag, 86 following-up website submission to search label element, 289 engines, 449 optgroup element, 288 font property (CSS), 586 PCRs, 151 font-family property (CSS), 584 select tag, 87 fonts tab order, setting, 290 limitations, 205 textarea tag, 86 selecting, 206, 237–238 forums, 381 font-size property (CSS), 585 frame tag, 59–60 font-size-adjust property frameborder="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 (CSS), 585 frameborder="x" attribute (frameset tag), 59 frames, 58, 203 font-stretch property as navigation scheme, 255, 257 (CSS), 585 HTML markup, 530, 542 font-style property (CSS), 584 frameset tag, 58–59 font-variant property framesets, 256 (CSS), 584 DTD, 63 font-weight property framespacing="x" attribute (frameset tag), 59 (CSS), 584 freshness, 409 formatting FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 13–15, 24 border properties, 218 applications, 443–445 classification properties, 220 functional interactivity, 185 dimension properties, 219 future capabilities of web browsers, 20 font properties, 217 internationalization tables, 306 G text expansion, gamma, 329 304–306 generating text in images, HTML pages 307–308 conversion utilities, 104–105 list properties, 219 hand-coding, 104 margin properties, simple editors, 218–219 105–106 multimedia WYSIWYG editors, 106, 108, 110, 112 digital audio, 80–81 type, 204–205 digital video, 78, get it testing, 415 80–81 GIF (Graphic Interchange Format), 72 SWF, 78 global audience, adjusting to, 310–311 positioning properties, 221 global navigation, 261 text properties, 216–217 goals of W3C, 8–9 forms (HTML), 84–85 Gopher, 25 client, 428 graphical browsers, 18 graphics , 114

New Index.fm Page 641 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

641 animations, 77 history background, 201 of HTML, 40 bitmap, 69 of Internet, 4 bitmap applications , 114 home pages, 190, 243–244 Adobe Photoshop, 116 hooking the audience, 190 Corel Photo-Paint, 119 hosting services, 440 Macromedia Fireworks, 117 rollout, 443–445 designing for visually impaired users, 282–284 housing web pages, 439 files, compression schemes, 70 HTML (HyperText Markup Language), 5, 40 logos, trademarks, 433 accessible features, creating 285 vector, 69 forms, 287–289 vector applications, 120 link tag, 285–286 Adobe Illustrator, 121 title attribute, 286 CorelDRAW, 123–125 applets, 93 Macromedia Freehand, 122 attributes, 491 grid structure, 240–242 body tags, 45 guidelines code for creating accessible sites, 279 testing, 397–398 for creating home pages, 243–244 validating, 398–399 for tags, 50 conversion utilities, GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces), 230 104–105 color scheme validators, 64 selecting, 236 CSS designing, 231 embedded style, 47–48 elements of, 235 imported style, 49 help system, 250 linked style, 48 typeface, selecting, documents 237–238 frameset, 58 rules, 49 DTD, 63 H frameset, 63 hand-coding HTML, 104 strict, 63 hardware, capturing video, 349–351 transitional, 63 head section (HTML documents), 45 editors head tag, 45 simple editors, hearing disabled users, designing for, 284 105–106 height property (CSS), 593 WYSIWYG editors, 106, 108 height="x" attribute (image tag), 52 elements, 495–498, 503–504, 510, 514–515, help system, designing, 250 526, 529, 532–535, 541, hexadecimal colors, 67 547–548 hierarchical design data types, 492–495 implementing, 162–163 events, 491 of navigation schemes, 262 forms, 84–85 of markup languages, 42 controls, 87–88 high-level usability tests, 418 form tag, 86 high-speed Internet access, 11

New Index.fm Page 642 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

642 input tag, 86 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 8 interactivity, 372–373 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned select tag, 87 Names and Numbers), 8 textarea tag, 86 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 8 hand-coding, 104 Illustrator, 121 head tags, 45 image links hexadecimal color, 67 as navigation scheme, 254 history of, 40 creating, 259 infrastructure, 21 image maps, versus image links, 254 mailto tag, interactivity, 374–375 image tag, 51–53 meta tags, 447 images, 323 source code view, 22 animations structure animated GIFs, body section, 46 341–342 head section, 45 Dynamic HTML, 341 style, 46 SWF animation, 342 tags, 40, 44–45 bitmap graphics, 69 Anchor tag, 53–54 caching, 404 attributes, 50 color form tag, 86 additive synthesis, 65 frame, 59–60 dithering, 68 frameset, 59 subtractive color, 64 guidelines for use, 50 color palette, speed optimization, 403 image tag, 51–53 compression schemes, 70 input tag, 86 computer-generated, 328 list tag, 56 creating noframes, 59 from stock photo-graphy, 327 select tag, 87 with digital cameras, 326–327 table tag, 54, 56 with scanners, textarea tag, 86 324–325 versus XHTML, 61–63 file format, speed optimization, 402 WYSIWYG editors, transferring files, 445 file formats HTML-Tidy, 64 BMP, 75 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 4, 13 EPS, 75 daemons, 14 GIFs, 72 HyperGopher, 25 JPEGs, 72 hyperlinks, 14, 21, 186 PCX, 76 metaphors, 238–239 PICT, 76 hypertext, 14, 186 PNG, 74 Hypertext Transfer Protocol. See HTTP SVG, 74 TIFFs, 75 WMF, 75 I file size optimization, IAB (Internet Advertising Bureau), 209 401–402 IAB (Internet Advisory formats, 68 Board), 8

New Index.fm Page 643 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

643 hyperlinks, 186 textarea tag, 86 interlacing, 404 testing, 397 linking to websites, 53–54 interactive media positions, job-speciﬁc portfolio manipulating content, 476–477 changing canvas size, 338 interactive panoramas, 370 cropping, 336 interactive PDFs, 85 editing, 335 interactivity, 6, 184, 364. inputting, 329 See also user-to-user interactivity optimization, advertisements, 371 330–331, 333 best practices, 366–367 rotating, 337 database-driven, 375, 377 saving, 338–339 e-commerce, 378–379 slicing, 337–338, 402 personalized websites, 377 vector graphics, 69 security, 379–380 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), 17 download time versus effect, 365–366 implementing accessible interface features, engaging the audience, 365 279, 293–294 justifying components of, 365 imported style (CSS), 49 multimedia importing animations, 368 scanned images, 325 virtual reality, style sheets, 213 369–370 inconsistencies XML-based, 370 of browser display, 199 of World Wide Web, 6 of monitor display, 200 programming, 371–372 information architecture, HTML forms, 161–163 372–373 organizing, 233 HTML mailto tag, 374–375 site diagrams, 233 Java applets, 375 site flow charts, 163 rollover buttons, 367–368 infrastructure of HTML, 21 interfaces inheritance, 212–213 color scheme, selecting, 236 initial client meetings, 143–145 designing, 231 inline frames, HTML markup, 530 best practices, inline styles, 214 244–245 inputting images, 329 elements of, 235 inserting images in HTML documents, 51–53 help system, 250 installing plug-ins, 29 legibility, 247 instant messaging, 24 page layout, 240–242 intefaces, prototype creation, 242 readability, 248 interactive elements, 84 scannability, 248 HTML forms, 84–85 typeface, selecting, controls, 87–88 237–238 form tag, 86 usability, 245–246, 250 input tag, 86 interlaced images, 404 select tag, 87 Interleaf, 105

New Index.fm Page 644 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

644 internal style, 47-48, 214 Internet Society (ISOC), 7 internationalization, 298 interstitial ads, 453 adjusting to global audience, 310–311 interviewing, 479 color symbolism, 303 clients, 144–145 design considerations, 301–302 stakeholders, 160 formatting issues, 304, 306 intuitiveness of navigation schemes, 264 tables, 306 IP (Internet Protocol), 13 text in images, IP addressing 307–308 domain names localization, 301 registering, 441–442 translation, 308–309 selecting, 442 Unicode standard, 298, 300 resolution, 442 web-specific issues, 304 IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 381 Internet IRTF (Internet Research Task Force), 8 client/server model, 12 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 11 connection speed, 9 ISO (International Organization for connectivity, 9 Standardization), 79 dialup, 11 ISOC (Internet Society), 7 high-speed access, 11 ISPs (Internet service providers), 9–10, 435–436 ISPs, 10 dialup, 11 e-mail, 17, 23 high-speed dialup, 11 FTP, 15, 24 web hosting, 440 Gopher, 25 rollout, 443–445 history of, 4 IT (Information Technology), ASPs, 436–437 instant messaging, 24 ISPs, 9 newsgroups, 26 J-K protocols, 13 Java search engines, 22 applets, 93, 375 TCP/IP, 13 versus JavaScript, 93 Telnet, 16 Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 375 URLs, 14–15 JavaScript, 89 versus World Wide Web, 3 interactivity, 371–372 WAIS, 26 job searching web browsers, 13 experience, listing, 474 source code view, 22 interview process, 479 Internet Advisory Board listing awards, 475 (IAB), 8 listing education, 474–475 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 8 portfolios Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and career summary, 473 Numbers (ICANN), 8 CD-ROM-based, 468 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 8 contact information, 473 Internet Explorer, 20 cover letter, 471 Internet Protocol (IP), 13 creating, 467 Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), 8 development process, 470 formats, 467

New Index.fm Page 645 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

645 job-speciﬁc content, 475, 477 patents, 434–435 objectives statement, 473 privacy statement, 430 paper version, 469 security, 432 presentation-based, 469 trademarks, 433 references, 477–478 legends, 287–288 résumé, 472 legibility, 246–247 skill set summary, 473–474 legislation web-based, 468 ADA, 294–296 work samples, 475 COPPA, 430 JPEGs (Joint Photograph Experts Groups), 72 letter-spacing, 216 JSP (Java Server Pages), 92 Levels command, 333 justifying interactive elements, 365 LIFT, 294 JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 375 line-height property (CSS), 216, 593 link exchanges, website advertising, 456 kerning, 216–217 link tag, enhancing site accessibility, 285–286 key task testing, 415 linked style, 48 keyboard attributes, XHTML, 574–576 linking keyword ads, 453 HTML elements to web-sites, 53–54 keywords, 45, 447 style sheets, 215 links management programs, 407 manual management, 407 L tab order, 290 label element (forms), 289 LiquidAudio, 345 labeling controls, 536 list tag, 56 language listing websites with search engines, 446 internationalization, 298 listserve, 26 adjusting to global audience, 310–311 list-style property (CSS), 599 color symbolism, 303 list-style-position property (CSS), 599 design considerations, 301–302 list-style-type property (CSS), 598–599 formatting issues, 304, 306–308 live video, web cams, 348 localization, 301 local navigation, 261 translation, 308–309 localization, 301 Unicode standard, 298, 300 logos, trademarks, 433 web-speciﬁc issues, 304 lossless compression, 70–71 readability, 248 lossy compression, 70 scannability, 248 low-level usability tests, 418 XHTML attributes, 574 LANs (local-area networks), 12 layout grid, 240, 242 M leading, text alignment, 208 Macintosh QuickTime, streaming, 83 legal issues Macromedia Dreamweaver, 112 cookies, 431 Macromedia Fireworks, 117 copyright ownership establishment, 433–434 Macromedia Flash, 127 discussing with client, 430 Macromedia Flash Player, 28 Macromedia Freehand, 122

New Index.fm Page 646 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

646 mailto forms, 374 image tag, 51–53 maintenance infrastructure, 21 content dating, 409 input tag, 86 websites, 408 list tag, 56 management systems, color spaces, 66 mailto tag, 374–375 managing files, 167 noframes tag, 59 backup process, 168 select tag, 87 media assets conversion, 169–170 table tag, 54, 56 manipulating images tags, 40, 44–45, 50 changing canvas size, 338 textarea tag, 86 cropping, 336 MathML, 284 editing, 335 SGML, 41 inputting, 329 XHTML, 61 optimization, 330–331, 333 core attributes, 574 rotating, 337 DTD, 63 saving, 338–339 event attributes, slicing, 337–338 574–576 manual link management, 407 frameset, 63 margin property (CSS), 586 keyboard attributes, 574 marginheight="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 language attributes, 574 marginwidth="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 tags, 569–573 marker-offset property (CSS), 598 versus HTML, 61–63 marketing masthead, 240, 242 branding, 232 MathML (Mathematical Markup Language), web-based portfolios, 478 284 marks property (CSS), 601 max-height property (CSS), 593 markup, 20 media markup languages, 41 assets conversion, 169–170 DHTML, 42 testing, 397 animations, 341 media messaging software, 17 hierarchical structure, 42 meta elements, HTML documents, 45 HTML, 503–504, 510, 514–515, 526, 529, meta tags, 447 532–535, 541, 547–548 content attribute, 45 Anchor tag, 53–54 metaphors, 238–239 attributes, 50 Microsoft FrontPage, 110 body tags, 45 Microsoft Internet Assistant, 105 deprecated tags, 60 Microsoft Internet Explorer, 20 elements, 495–497 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), 81 form tag, 86 min-height property (CSS), 593 forms, 372–373 model of web development, 6 frames, 58 modems, 11 frame tag, 59–60 monitor profiles, ICC (International Color frameset tag, 59 Consortium) profiles, head tags, 45 329–330 history of, 40

New Index.fm Page 647 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

647 monitoring competitor navigation schemes, 230, sites, 410 239–240 monitors breadcrumb trails, calibration, 329 266–267 display inconsistencies, 200 buttons, 257 Mosaic, 5, 18 developing, 251–252 motor disabilities, designing for, 284 external conventions, 240 MOV ﬁles, 79 frames, 255, 257 MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3), 81, 345 hierarchical design, 262 MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group), 79–80 image links, 254 multicast streaming, 83 creating, 259 digital video, 348 intuitiveness, 264 Multicast Media Servers, 83 links, establishing tab order, 290 QuickTime, 83 pop-up menus, 258 RealAudio/Video, 83 pull-down menus, 259 multimedia rollovers, 258 analog versus digital formats, 76 buttons, 367–368 animations, interactivity, 368 search features, 255 digital audio, 80–81 selecting, 252–253 digital video, 78, 80–81 tables elements of websites, 159 axis, 292 streaming media, 82 captions, 291 multicast, 83 summaries, 292 QuickTime, 83 text links, 253 RealAudio/Video, 83 usability, 265–266 unicast, 82 URLs, 263–264 Windows Media Server, 83 usability, 261 SWF, 78 NCAM (National Center for Accessible Media), virtual reality, interactivity, 369–370 284 XML-based interactivity, 370 NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing music, digital audio, 344 Applications), 18 editing, 346 negotiating contracts, 153–155 embedding, 347 network servers, 438 recording, 345–346 newsgroups, 26 streaming, 344–345 website advertising, 454–455 noframes tag, 59 N noise, removing from images, 331 NAGS (Netizens Against Gratuitous Spamming), nonlinear brightness values, 329 453 non-linearity of World Wide Web, 6 name attribute (meta tag), 45 noresize attribute (frame tag), 60 name="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 Notepad, 104 naming conventions of ﬁles, 170 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), 18 nation-centric terms, avoiding, 310–311

New Index.fm Page 648 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

648 O pop-up menus, 258 Oberhard, David, accessibility case study, 296– pull-down menus, 259 297 rollovers, 258 objectives statement for portfolio, 473 search features, 255 objects, DOM hierarchy, 43 text links, 253, obtaining 265–266 client feedback, 427 URLs, 263–264 web projects, 142–145 usability, 261 OCR (Optical Character Recognition), 322 page layout, 240, 242 offline advertising strategies, 456 site diagrams, 233 off site server housing, 439 storyboards, 240, 242 online customer support, 411 organizations affiliated with World Wide Web, onmouseover=switch(), 372 7–9 opacity, 74 originality of content, 322 operating systems, color capabilities, 65 outline property (CSS), 591 optgroup element (forms), 288 outline-color property optimizing (CSS), 591 images, 330 outline-style property brightness/contrast adjustment, 333 (CSS), 590 deskewing, 330 outline-width property focus adjustment, 333 (CSS), 590 Levels command, 333 outsourcing, 437 noise removal, 331 overflow property (CSS), 595 speed image caching, 404 P image file format, 402 padding property (CSS), 587 image file size, page layout, 240–242 401–402 page property (CSS), 602–603 interlaced images, 404 page-break-after property (CSS), 602 reducing color page-break-before property (CSS), 602 palette, 403 page-break-inside property (CSS), 602 ordered lists, adding to HTML documents, 56 palettes, web safe, 68 organization Pantone, 235 content, 158–159 paper-based portfolios, 469 grid structure, 240, 242 parallel navigation, 261 navigation schemes patents, 434–435 best practices, pause property (CSS), 604 251–253, 268 pause-after property (CSS), 604 breadcrumb trails, 266–267 pause-before property (CSS), 604 buttons, 257 PCR (Project Change Request) forms, 151 frames, 255, 257 PCs, color delivery, 65 hierarchical design, 262 PCX images, 76 image link, creating, 259 PDF (Portable Document Format) files, 27, 85 image links, 254 Perl, 91 intuitiveness, 264 persistent cookies, 432

New Index.fm Page 649 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

649 personalized websites, 377 marketing, 478 phases of production, 173 position property (CSS), 592 phosphors, 329 positioning properties, 221 Photoshop, 116 PPI (pixels per inch), 326 PHP, 92 preproduction phase PICT images, 76 audience definition, pigment, 64 145, 147 PIMs (personal information managers), 382 brainstorming sessions, 145 pitch property (CSS), 607 budgeting the project, pitch-range property (CSS), 608 149–150 pixels, 69 competition survey, 148 DPI, 326 contract negotiation, PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 380 153–155 placement of banner ads, 452 media assets, 158–160 plain text, 104, 379 initial meeting, 143–145 play-during property (CSS), 605–606 proposal development, 152–155 plug-ins, 18, 26 requirements document, development, 164 Acrobat Reader, 27 scope definition, 147 Flash Player, 28 stakeholder interviews, 160 installing, 29 time line development, 165–166 QuickTime, 27 pre-rendering, 369 RealPlayer, 28 presentation-based portfolios, 469 SVG, 28 presenting the completed project, 429 VRML, 29 pricing web-hosting services, 440 PNG (Portable Network Graphic), 74 primary colors, 65 POP3 (Post Ofﬁce Protocol 3), 17 principles of web design, 191 pop-up menus, as navigation scheme, 258 adherence to, 232 portfolios applying to interfaces, 231 CD-ROM-based, 468 clarity, 194 creating, 467 consistency, 194 development process, 470 contrast, 195 elements emphasis, 198 career summary, 473 simplicity, 196–197 contact information, 473 structure, 197 cover letter, 471 terminology, 192–193 job-speciﬁc content, 475, 477 unity, 195 objectives statement, 473 privacy, cookies, 431 references, 477–478 privacy statements, creating, 430 résumé, 472 private FTP sites, 15 skill sets, 473–474 Pro Tools, 347 work samples, 475 production phases, 173 formats, 467 animators, 156 paper version, 469 audio designers, 156 presentation-based, 469 creative director, 156 web-based, 468 media assets, 158–160

New Index.fm Page 650 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

650 programmers, 156 direction, 596 project managers, 157 display, 591 structure of design team, 157 elevation, 606 usability experts, 156 empty-cells, 600 video designers, 156 ﬂoat, 594 web designers, 155 font, 586 web masters, 156 font-family, 584 programmers, role of, 156 font-size, 585 programming language, Perl, 91 font-size-adjust, 585 project management terminology, 170 font-stretch, 585 project managers, role of, 157 font-style, 584 projects font-variant, 584 completion of, 429 font-weight, 584 legal issues height, 593 cookies, 431 line-height, 593 discussing with client, 430 list-style, 599 privacy statement, 430 list-style-position, 599 security, 432 list-style-type, signing off, 427 598–599 proofreading text, 323 margin, 586 properties marker-offset, 598 of borders, 218 marks, 601 of classifications, 220 max-height, 593 of CSS, 579 min-height, 593 background, 583 outline, 591 background-attachment, 583 outline-color, 591 background-color, 582 outline-style, 590 background-image, 582 outline-width, 590 background-position, 583 overﬂow, 595 border, 590 padding, 587 border-collapse, 600 page, 602–603 border-color, 587–588 page-break-after, 602 border-style, 589 page-break-before, 602 border-width, page-break-inside, 602 587–588 pause, 604 clear, 594 pause-after, 604 clip, 595 pause-before, 604 color, 582 pitch, 607 content, 596–597 pitch-range, 608 counter-increment, 596 play-during, 605–606 counter-reset, 598 position, 592 cue, 605 richness, 608 cue-after, 605 row-span, 601 cue-before, 605 size, 601 cursor, 596 speak, 604

New Index.fm Page 651 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

651 speak-header, readability, 246, 248 600–601 of web text, 187–188 speak-numeral, 608 text alignment, 207–208 speak-punctuation, 608 RealAudio/Video, 83, 345 speech-rate, 607 embedding, 353 table-layout, 600 RealFlash, 343 text-align, 580 RealPlayer, 28 text-decoration, 580 RealProducer, 133 text-indent, 579 RealSystem Producer, 347 text-shadow, 581 real-time interactivity, 185 text-transform, 580 recording digital audio, vertical-align, 594 345–346 visibility, 595 reducing download times, 340, 405–406 voice-family, 607 references for portfolio, volume, 603 477–478 white-space, 581 relevance of content, 321 widows, 603 remote hosting, 440 width, 592 render-on-the-ﬂy method, 369 word-spacing, 581 requirements for accessibility, legislation, z-index, 595 295–296 of dimensions, 219 requirements document, creating, 164 of DOM hierarchy, 43 reseller accounts, 440 of fonts, 217 resizing images, 401 of lists, 219 cropping, 336 of margins, 218–219 rotating, 337 of style sheet positioning, 221 slicing, 337–338 of text, 216–217 resolution, 200, 442 proposal development, DPI, 326 152–155 effect on video quality, 349 protocols, 4, 13 résumé prototypes, creating, 242 awards, listing, 475 pseudo classes, 578 educational background, 474–475 public-key cryptography, experience, listing, 474 379–380 for portfolio, 472 pull-down menus, as navigation scheme, 259 review forms, obtaining from client, 428 RGB (Red, Green, and Blue), 65 Q-R rich media, 452 questions, FAQs, 412 richness property (CSS), 608 QuickTime VR plug-in, 27, 368 RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format) movies, 79, 352 speciﬁcation, 78 streaming, 83 rippers, 81 ranking websites with search engines, 447–449 roles involved in web development rates for banner ads, 451

New Index.fm Page 652 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

652 animators, 156 ASP, 91–92 audio designers, 156 CGI, 90–91 creative director, 156 ColdFusion, 92 programmers, 156 JSPs, 92 project managers, 157 PHP, 92 usability experts, 156 SSI, 93 video designers, 156 VRMLScript, 369 web designers, 155 scrolling="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 web masters, 156 seaming, 370 rollout, 443, 445 search and replace feature rollovers, 254 simple HTML editors, 106 as navigation scheme, 258 search engines, 5, 22 buttons, 367–368 keywords, 45, 447 rotating images, 337 listing site with, 446 rows="x" attribute (frameset tag), 59 meta tags, 447 row-span property (CSS), 601 submission follow-up, 449 rules, 49, 578 website ranking, 447–449 search features, as navigation scheme, 255 security S database-driven interactivity, 379 sample projects public-key cryptography, design approval process, 151–152 379–380 Gecko Designs, 151 SSL, 380 usability tests, 416 discussing with client, 432 saving images, 338–339 selecting scannability, 246–248 color schemes, 201, 236 scanners domain names, 441–442 creating images, 324–325 fonts, 206 OCR, 322 navigation schemes, TWAIN, 325 252–253 scheduling tools, 172 buttons, 257 SCML (Standard Centralized Markup frames, 255, 257 Language), 5 image links, 254, 259 scope of project, deﬁning, 147 pop-up menus, 258 scripting pull-down menus, 259 client-side, 88 rollovers, 258 HTML documents, 45 search feature, 255 server-side, 88 text links, 253 scripting languages typeface, 237–238 client-side URLs, 263 JavaScript, 89 selectors (CSS), 577–578 VBScript, 89 servers JavaScript colocating, 439 interactivity, 371–372 farms, 440 versus Java, 93 housing web pages, 439 server-side

New Index.fm Page 653 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

653 server-side image maps, 254 source code view, 22 server-side scripting, 88 spam, 453 ASP, 91–92 spammers, 375 CGI, 90–91 speak property (CSS), 604 ColdFusion, 92 speak-header property (CSS), 600–601 JSPs, 92 speak-numeral property (CSS), 608 PHP, 92 speak-punctuation property (CSS), 608 SSI, 93 speech disabilities, designing for, 285 session cookies, 432 speech-rate property (CSS), 607 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), speed optimization 41 color palette, 403 sharpening images, 333 image caching, 404 Shockwave, 28 image file format, 402 sign-off, 427 image file size, 401–402 obtaining from client, 429 interlaced images, 404 simple HTML editors, spiders, 282 105–106 sprites, 341 SimpleText, 104 src="x" attribute (frame tag), 60 simplicity, as design principle, 196–197, 231 SSI (Server-Side Includes), 93 site branding, 232 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 380, 432 site diagrams, 233 stakeholder interviews, 160 site ﬂow chart, 163 standards versus conventions, 21 size static content, 159–160 of images, adjusting, 52 static PDFs, 85 of web project, determining, 159 static URLs, 54 size property (CSS), 601 static websites, 375, 437 skill set summary for portfolio, 473–474 stickiness, 191, 321, 410 slicing images, 337–338, 402 stock photography, creating images, 327 SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration storyboards, 240, 242 Language), 28 streaming media, 82 SMS (short messaging systems), 382 animations, 340 SMTP (Simple Mail Tranfer Protocol), 17 digital audio, 344–345 sniffers, 384 digital video, 348 software multicast, 83 FTP, 444–445 QuickTime, 83 generating images, 328 RealAudio/Video, 83 messaging, 17 unicast, 82 scheduling tools, 172 Windows Media Server, 83 sound, digital audio strict DTD, 63 editing, 346 structure embedding, 347 as design principle, 197, 231 recording, 345–346 HTML tags, 44–45 streaming, 344–345 layout grid, 240, 242 Sound Forge, 347 navigation schemes, SoundEdit, 347 239–240

New Index.fm Page 654 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

654 best practices, 268 Syntrillium Cool Edit, 346 breadcrumb trails, 266–267 buttons, 257 developing, 251–252 T frames, 255, 257 tab order, establishing in links, 290 hierarchical design, 262 table tag attributes, 54, 56 image links, 254, 259 table-layout property (CSS), 600 intuitiveness, 264 tables pop-up menus, 258 axis, creating, 292 pull-down menus, 259 captions, creating, 291 rollovers, 258 internationalization, 306 search feature, 255 summaries, creating, 292 selecting, 252–253 tags, 40 text links, 253, HTML 265–266 anchor, 53–54 URLs, 263–264 angle brackets, 49 usability, 261 attributes, 50 of design team, 157 body tags, 45 site diagrams, 233 colorization, 106 style deprecated, 60 conventions, 207 embedded style, 47–48 adherence to, 234 form tag, 86 CSS, syntax, 211–212 frame, 59–60 HTML, 45–46 frameset, 59 embedded style, 47–48 guidelines for use, 50 imported style, 49 head tags, 45 linked style, 48 HTML, 44–45 style sheets, 209–210 image, 51 background properties, 215–216 attributes, 52–53 embedded, 214 imported style, 49 importing, 213 input, 86 inheritance, 212–213 linked style, 48 inline, 214 list, 56 linking, 215 meta tags submitting sites for search engine listing, 447 content attribute, 45 subtractive color, 64 name attribute, 45 summaries, creating for tables, 292 noframes, 59 surveying the competition, 148 select, 87 SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), 28, 74, 370 selectors, 577–578 SWF (Shockwave Flash), 78 table, attributes, animation, 342 54–56 file format, 368 textarea tag, 86 Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language XHTML, 569–573 (SMIL), 28 core attributes, 574 syntax, CSS, 211–212 event attributes, 574–576

New Index.fm Page 655 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

655 keyboard attributes, 574 translating, 308–309 language attributes, 574 typography, 204–205 target audience, deﬁning, 147 Unicode standard, targeting website audience, 449–450 298–300 T-carrier systems, 11 writing, 319 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 13 originality of content, 322 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet relevance of content, 321 Protocol), 13 timeliness of content, 321 telcos, 11 tips, 320–321 Telecommunications Act, accessibility voice, 320 requirements, 295 text-align property (CSS), 216, 580 Telnet, 16 text-decoration property (CSS), 216, 580 templates, 383 text-indent property (CSS), 216, 579 terminology, project management-related, 170 text-shadow property (CSS), 581 testing text-transform property (CSS), 217, 580 color display, 396 themes, 238–239 HTML code, 397–398 thin clients, 20 interactive elements, 397 thumbnails, 402 media, 397 TIFF (Tag Image File Format), 75 usability, 413 time line development, environment, 414–415 165–166 facilitating, 416–417 timeliness of content, 321 low-level versus high-level, 418 title attribute, enhancing site accessibility, 286 recruiting for, 413 tools for disabled users, 280 sample tests, 416 tracking website activity, 411 websites on different platforms, 395–396 trademarks, 433 text transactions, security, 432 aligning, 207–208 transferring ﬁles designing for visually impaired users, 281–282 FTP applications, 443–445 error checking, 394–395 WYSIWYG editors, 445 fonts transitional DTD, 63 limitations, 205 translating text, 308–309 selecting, 206 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 13 iternationalization, transparency scanners, 324 307–308 TWAIN, 325 legibility, 246–247 typography, 204–205, 323 links, 53–54 conventions, 207 as navigation scheme, 253 fonts usability, 265–266 limitations, 205 OCR, 322 selecting, 206 proofreading, 323 legibility, 247 readability, 187–188, readability, 248 246–248 scannability, 248 scannability, 246, 248 style conventions, 207

New Index.fm Page 656 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

656 U CorelDRAW, 123, 125 unicast streaming, 82 Macromedia Freehand, 122 Unicode standard, 298, 300 EPS, 75 unity of web design, 195 WMF, 75 unordered lists, adding to HTML documents, 57 vector-based software, 328 updating content, 411 verifying URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 14–15 color display, 396 absolute, 51 HTML code, 397–398 advertising, 457–458 versions of HTML, 40 bookmarks, 23 vertical-align property (CSS), 217, 594 navigation scheme, usability, 263–264 video static URLs, 54 capturing, hardware, 349, 351 digital, 78, 80–81 usability, 229–230, 245, 250 digital video, 347 of navigation schemes, 261 capturing, 349 best practices, 268 compression, 352 hierarchical design, 262 editing, 351 intuitiveness, 264 embedding, 352 of text links, developing, 265–266 multicasting, 348 testing, 412–413 streaming, 348 facilitating, 416–417 live video, web cams, 348 low-level versus high-level, 418 streaming, 82 recruiting for, 413 multicast, 83 sample tests, 416 QuickTime, 83 testing environment, RealAudio/Video, 83 414–415 unicast, 82 usability experts, role of, 156 Windows Media Server, 83 user-to-user interactivity, 382 video conferencing, 382 chat, 381, 383 video designers, role of, 156 forums, 381 video editors video conferencing, 382 Adobe Premiere, 130 utilities Apple Final Cut Pro, 132 HTML-Tidy, 64 Apple QuickTime, 132 rippers, 81 RealProducer, 133 Windows Media Player, 133–134 virtual reality, interactivity, 369–370 V visibility property (CSS), 595 validation services for accessibility, 294 visual editors, WYSIWYG, 103 validators, 64, 398–399 visually impaired users valign=”x” attribute (table tag), 55 accessibility, 278 values of tag attributes, 51 implementing, 279, 293 VBScript, 89 W3C compliance, 294 vector graphics, 69 WAI, 278–279 applications, 120 designing for, 281–284 Adobe Illustrator, 121 voice, 320

New Index.fm Page 657 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

657 voice-family property (CSS), 607 web hosting, 440 volume property (CSS), 603 rollout, 443–445 VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), 29 web pages, 6 VRMLScript, 369 housing on server, 439 web projects budgeting, 149–150 W-Z file management, 167 W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 8–9 backup process, 168 accessibility, compliance, 294 media assets conversion, goals of, 8–9 169–170 HTML-Tidy, 64 multimedia elements, 159 internationalization, 298 obtaining, 142 adjusting to global audience, 310–311 PCRs, 151 color symbolism, 303 pre-production phase design considerations, 301–302 audience definition, 145–147 formatting issues, 304, 306–308 brainstorming sessions, 145 localization, 301 competition survey, 148 translation, 308–309 contract negotiation, 153–155 Unicode standard, 298, 300 initial meeting, web-specific issues, 304 143–145 Validation Service, 64 scope definition, 147 WAI, 278–279 production phases, 173 WAI (Web Accessability Initiative), 278–279 proposal development, 152–155 WAIS (Wide-Area Information Servers), 26 resources, 158–160 size of, determining, 159 WAV files, 81 team structure, 157 web browsers, 13, 18 time line development, 165–166 bookmarks/favorites, 23 web publishing, dynamic, 437–438 development, 18–19 web rings, website advertising, 456 future capabilities, 20 web-safe color palettes, 68 media support, 23 web servers, 438 Microsoft Internet Explorer, 20 websites Mosaic, 18 activity tracking, 411 plug-ins, 26 advertising, 209 Acrobat Reader, 27 audience, targeting, 449–450 Flash Player, 28 banner ads, 450–452 installing, 29 co-branding, 458 QuickTime, 27 e-mail marketing, 453–454 RealPlayer, 28 link exchanges, 456 SVG, 28 newsgroups, 454–455 VRML, 29 offline strategies, 456 rules, 49 URLs advertising, 457–458 source code view, 22 web rings, 456 XML-capable, 41–42 building, 383–384 web cams, live video capability, 348 color, testing, 396 web designers, role of, 155

New Index.fm Page 658 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:34 AM

Index

658 consistency checks, 394 relevance of content, 321 content, updating, 411 timeliness of content, 321 error checking, 394–395 tips, 320–321 home pages, 190 voice, 320 information architecture, 161–163 WS_FTP, 444 link management, 407 WWW (World Wide Web) maintenance, 408–409 affect on commerce, 184 platform compatibility, 395–396 characteristics, 6 search engines, 22 conceptual model, 6 stickiness, 191, 410 evolution, 184 usability testing, 412–413 HTTP, 4 facilitating, 416–417 interactivity, 184 low-level versus high-level, 418 model of development, 6 recruiting for, 413 Mosaic, 5 sample tests, 416 organizations, 7–8 testing environment, 414–415 W3C, 8–9 validating, 399 goals of, 8–9 web-based portfolios, 468 versus Internet, 3 marketing, 478 WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) webcrawlers, 282 editors, 103 webDAV (web-based Distributed Authoring and Adobe GoLive, 108, 110 Versioning), 445 link management, 406 web masters, role of, 156 Macromedia Dreamweaver, 112 WFM (Windows Metaﬁle Format) images, 75 Microsoft FrontPage, 110 white point, 329 transferring files, 445 white-space property (CSS), 581 WYSIWYG HTML editors, 106–108 WHOIS database, 442 XHTML, 39, 61 wide site structure, 233 core attributes, 574 Wide-Area Information Servers (WAIS), 26 DTD, 63 widows property (CSS), 603 frameset, 63 width property (CSS), 592 strict, 63 width="x" attribute (image tag), 52 transitional, 63 width="x%" attribute (table tag), 55 event attributes, 574–576 Windows, RIFF speciﬁcation, 78 keyboard attributes, 574 Windows Media Player, language attributes, 574 133–134 tags, 569–573 Windows Media Server, 83 validators, 64 word-spacing property (CSS), 581 versus HTML, 61–63 work samples for XML-based interactivity, 370 portfolio, 475 working groups of WAI, z-index property (CSS), 595 278–279 World Wide Web. See WWW writing, 319 originality of content, 322