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Το Crowdfunding Ως Μέσο Πληρωμής Ιατρικών Εξόδων Θεραπείας Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ, ΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΑΚΑ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ «Η χρηματοδότηση από το πλήθος ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας». ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ της Ζωής Κουγιουμτζή, Λογίστριας Επιβλέπων καθηγητής: Γεώργιος Τέγος Θεσσαλονίκη, Νοέμβριος 2018 1 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας 2 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ, ΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΑΚΑ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ «Η χρηματοδότηση από το πλήθος ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας» «Crowdfunding as a means of payment for medical treatment costs» ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ της ΖΩΗΣ ΚΟΥΓΙΟΥΜΤΖΗ Επιβλέπων : Γεώργιος Τέγος Καθηγητής, ΤΕΙ Θεσ/νίκης Εγκρίθηκε από την τριμελή εξεταστική επιτροπή στις .../.../... (Υπογραφή) (Υπογραφή) (Υπογραφή) Θεσσαλονίκη, 11/2018 3 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας 4 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας Ευχαριστίες Με την ευκαιρία της παρουσίασης της διπλωματικής μου εργασίας, θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω τον επιβλέποντα καθηγητή μου κ. Τέγο Γεώργιο, για την εμπιστοσύνη του καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια της συνεργασίας μας. Επίσης θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω την οικογένεια μου και τους φίλους μου, για την υπομονή που μου έδειξαν σε όλη την διάρκεια των μεταπτυχιακών σπουδών μου και την στήριξη τους στην πορεία αυτή. Τέλος θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω ιδιαίτερα την αγαπημένη μου φίλη και χημικό, Έλενα Τζεκάκη, για την πολύτιμη βοήθεια της στον τομέα της έρευνας και τις εξαιρετικά χρήσιμες συμβουλές και προτροπές της, χωρίς τις οποίες δεν θα συνέχιζα με επιμονή στον στόχο μου. 5 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας Περίληψη Το Crowdfunding είναι μια διευρυμένη μορφή εναλλακτικής χρηματοδότησης που κερδίζει έδαφος στον τομέα της υγείας. Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στοιχεία από μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, συμπληρωμένη από συνεντεύξεις εμπειρογνωμόνων, για να επεκταθούν και ταυτόχρονα να αναλυθούν θεμελιώδεις αρχές και καθιερωμένες θεωρίες του crowdfunding σε ένα πλαίσιο αγοράς της υγείας. Τα προγράμματα υγείας Crowdfunded μπορούν να ταξινομηθούν σε τέσσερις τύπους σύμφωνα με τον σκοπό και τη μέθοδο χρηματοδότησης της επιχείρησης. Πρόκειται για έργα που καλύπτουν δαπάνες για την υγεία, πρωτοβουλίες για τη συγκέντρωση κεφαλαίων στον τομέα της υγείας, υποστήριξη της έρευνας για την υγεία ή χρηματοδότηση της καινοτομίας στην εμπορική υγεία. Το Crowdfunding θα μπορούσε να ωφελήσει οικονομικά τον τομέα της υγείας αυξάνοντας τη συμμετοχή στην αγορά, αντλώντας χρήματα και ευαισθητοποίηση σε παραμελημένα θέματα υγείας, βελτιώνοντας την πρόσβαση στη χρηματοδότηση και ενισχύοντας την υπευθυνότητα του έργου και την κοινωνική δέσμευση. Ωστόσο, οι οικονομικοί κίνδυνοι που σχετίζονται με την υγειονομική περίθαλψη περιλαμβάνουν τον αναποτελεσματικό καθορισμό προτεραιοτήτων, τον αυξημένο οικονομικό κίνδυνο, τις ασυνεπείς ρυθμιστικές πολιτικές, τις ανησυχίες σχετικά με τα δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας και την απάτη. Εφαρμόζονται, επίσης, ευρύτερες απειλές της ανεπάρκειας της αγοράς που προέρχονται από την αρνητική επιλογή και τον ηθικό κίνδυνο. Πολλά από τα συζητηθέντα οικονομικά οφέλη και οι κίνδυνοι από τη συγκέντρωση των εκστρατειών για την υγεία διαμοιράζονται ευρύτερα με εκείνες της συγκέντρωσης έργων σε άλλους τομείς. Σε σημεία όπου η περιθωριοποίηση της υγειονομικής περίθαλψης φαίνεται να αποκλίνει από τη θεωρία, ο λανθασμένος καθορισμός προτεραιοτήτων μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αναποτελεσματική διαχείριση των σκοπών στον τομέα της δημόσιας υγείας. Ως εκ τούτου, ο σκοπός της χρηματοδότησης για την υγειονομικής περίθαλψη πρέπει να είναι σαφής, καθώς και να σχεδιάζεται για τη βέλτιστη και δίκαιη ευημερία της δημόσιας υγείας. Στην συγκεκριμένη εργασία διεξήχθη έρευνα με την χρήση ερωτηματολογίου προκειμένου να γίνει γνωστή μια 6 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας νέα μέθοδος χρηματοδότησης στον τομέα της υγείας, αυτή του crowdfunding, και η αντίδραση των συμμετεχόντων στην έρευνα για την στήριξη οικονομικά παραμελημένων ανθρώπων οι οποίοι έχουν ανάγκη από ιατρική θεραπεία. Λέξεις κλειδιά Crowdfunding, εναλλακτική χρηματοδότηση, πολιτική για την υγεία, οικονομία της υγείας, παγκόσμια υγεία 7 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας 8 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας ABSTRACT Crowdfunding is an expanding form of alternative financing that is gaining traction in the health sector. This article presents a typology for crowdfunded health projects and are view of the main economic benefits and risks of crowdfunding in the health market. In this master’s thesis, we used evidence from a literature review, complimented by expert interviews, to extend the fundamental principles and established theories of crowdfunding to a health market context. Crowdfunded health projects can be classified into four types according to the venture’s purpose and funding method. These are projects covering health expenses, fundraising health initiatives, supporting health research, or financing commercial health innovation. Crowdfunding could economically benefit the health sector by expanding market participation, drawing money and awareness to neglected health issues, improving access to funding, and fostering project accountability and social engagement. However, the economic risks of health-related crowdfunding include inefficient priority setting, heightened financial risk, inconsistent regulatory policies, intellectual property rights concerns, and fraud. Theorized crowdfunding behaviors such as signaling and herding can be observed in the market for health-related crowdfunding. Broader threats of market failure stemming from adverse selection and moral hazard also apply. Many of the discussed economic benefits and risks of crowdfunding health campaigns are shared more broadly with those of crowdfunding projects in other sectors. Where crowdfunding health care appears to diverge from theory is the negative externality inefficient priority setting may have towards achieving broader public health goals. Therefore, the market for crowdfunding health care must be economically stable, as well as designed to optimally and equitably 24 improve public health. In this master’s thesis, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to identify a new method of financing in the health sector, that of crowdfunding, and the reaction of the participants in research to support economically neglected people in need of medical treatment. 9 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας Key words Crowdfunding, alternative financing, health policy, health economics, global health 10 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας 11 Το crowdfunding ως μέσο πληρωμής ιατρικών εξόδων θεραπείας Περιεχόμενα Περίληψη ................................................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 9 ΕΥΡΕΤΗΡΙΟ ΔΙΑΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΩΝ .................................................................................................. 16 ΕΥΡΕΤΗΡΙΟ ΠΙΝΑΚΩΝ .............................................................................................................. 17 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1Ο ........................................................................................................................... 18 1.1. Εισαγωγή .................................................................................................................. 18 1.2. Σκοπός Διπλωματικής .............................................................................................. 20 1.3. Οργάνωση κειμένου ................................................................................................ 21 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2Ο ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.1. Επισκόπηση Βιβλιογραφίας ..................................................................................... 22 ΚΕΦΛΑΛΑΙΟ 3Ο ....................................................................................................................... 24 ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΠΛΗΘΟΣ – CROWDFUNDING ..................................................... 24 3.1. Γενικά ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Θεμελιώδεις αρχές του crowdfunding .................................................................... 25 3.3. Ιστορική αναδρομή .................................................................................................. 26 3.4. Τύποι Crowdunding ................................................................................................. 29 3.4.1 Reward-based .................................................................................................. 29 3.4.2 Μετοχικό κεφάλαιο ......................................................................................... 30 3.4.3 Λογότυπο αξίας λογισμικού ............................................................................. 30 3.4.4 Βασισμένο στο χρέος ......................................................................................
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