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General Interstellar Issue Journal of the British Interplanetary Society VOLUME 71 NO.10 OCTOBER 2018 General Interstellar Issue DIRECT MULTIPIXEL IMAGING OF AN EXO-EARTH with a Solar Gravitational Lens Telescope Slava G. Turyshev A TELESCOPE AT THE SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL LENS: Problems and Solutions Geoffrey A. Landis ET PROBES, NODES, AND LANDBASES: a Proposed Galactic Communications Architecture and Implied Search Strategies John Gertz NUMERICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE SIZE OF GENERATION SHIPS from total energy expenditure on board, annual food production and spacefarming techniques Frédéric Marin, Camille Beluffi, Rhys Taylor & Loïc Grau EFFECTS OF ENHANCED GRAPHENE REFLECTION on the Performance of Sun-launched Interstellar Arks Gregory L. Matloff www.bis-space.com ISSN 0007-084X PUBLICATION DATE: 17 JANUARY 2019 Submitting papers International Advisory Board to JBIS JBIS welcomes the submission of technical Rachel Armstrong, Newcastle University, UK papers for publication dealing with technical Peter Bainum, Howard University, USA reviews, research, technology and engineering in astronautics and related fields. Stephen Baxter, Science & Science Fiction Writer, UK James Benford, Microwave Sciences, California, USA Text should be: James Biggs, The University of Strathclyde, UK ■ As concise as the content allows – typically 5,000 to 6,000 words. Shorter papers (Technical Notes) Anu Bowman, Foundation for Enterprise Development, California, USA will also be considered; longer papers will only Gerald Cleaver, Baylor University, USA be considered in exceptional circumstances – for Charles Cockell, University of Edinburgh, UK example, in the case of a major subject review. Ian A. Crawford, Birkbeck College London, UK ■ Source references should be inserted in the text in square brackets – [1] – and then listed at the Adam Crowl, Icarus Interstellar, Australia end of the paper. Eric W. Davis, Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, USA ■ Illustration references should be cited in Kathryn Denning, York University, Toronto, Canada numerical order in the text; those not cited in the Martyn Fogg, Probability Research Group, UK text risk omission. Raghavan Gopalaswami, Aerospace Researcher, India ■ Captions must be labelled with their Fig. number and should be as short as possible. Lamartine Guimarães, Institute for Advanced Studies, Brazil Mark Hempsell, Hempsell Astronautics Ltd, UK Illustrations should be: Takuto Ishimatsu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA ■ Colour or mono, but should be as close to print Les Johnson, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA resolution (300 dpi) as possible. Poor-quality illustrations may compromise the acceptance of Terry Kammash, University of Michigan, USA paper for publication. Images embedded in Word Kelvin F. Long, Initiative for Interstellar Studies documents may be acceptable, but JBIS reserves Inoue Makoto, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics Academia Sinica, Taiwan the right to request separate higher-resolution Gregory L. Matloff, City University New York, USA image files from the author prior to publication. Koichi Mori, Nagoya University, Japan ■ Responsibility for copyright clearance of images rests entirely with the author. Richard Obousy, Richard Obousy Consulting LLC, USA Robert Parkinson, BIS, Aylesbury, UK Submission of papers George Schmidt, NASA John H Glenn Research Center, Ohio, USA ■ Papers for consideration should be sent by Paul Schuch, The SETI League Inc, USA email to [email protected] as both a Word document and as a Word PDF file (in order to Tabitha Smith, Bifrost, USA check for font anomalies), together with any Andreas Tziolas, Variance Dynamical Corporation, USA separate image files. Chris Welch, The International Space University, Strasbourg, France ■ If a paper is accepted for publication, the Friedwardt Winterberg, University of Nevada, Reno, USA author will be asked to sign a License to Publish form. This can be downloaded at www.bis- space.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ WebsiteLicense.pdf. ■ Authors will receive a complimentary copy of the issue in which their paper appears. Editor Roger Longstaff Deputy Editor Duncan Law-Green Associate Editors Stephen Ashworth, We respectfully ask authors to adhere to these Keith Cooper, Stephen Gamble, Paul Gilster, Rob Swinney, Production MP3 Media guidelines. Failure to do so will result in the Promotion Gill Norman JBIS Office British Interplanetary Society, Arthur C. Clarke House, delay of acceptable papers for publication. 27-29 South Lambeth Road, London, SW8 1SZ, United Kingdom tel +44 (0)20 7735 3160 email [email protected] www.bis-space.com Our full Guidelines for Authors can be downloaded DISTRIBUTION from www.bis-space.com JBIS is distributed worldwide by mail and may be received by annual subscription or purchase of single copies. It is available through membership of the British Interplanetary Society at much reduced rates. Subscription details for members, non-members and libraries are available from the above address. JBIS is a publication that promotes the mission of the British Interplanetary Society. Opinions expressed in signed articles are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editor or the Council of the British Interplanetary Society. Security clearance, where necessary, is the responsibility of the author. Published by the British Interplanetary Society. Registered Company No: 402498. Registered Charity No: 250556. Printed by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd, Estover Road, Plymouth, PL6 7PY, England. © 2019 British Interplanetary Society. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording by any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from the Publishers. CONTENTS VOLUME 71 NO.10 OCTOBER 2018 358 Correspondence 361 DIRECT MULTIPIXEL IMAGING OF AN EXO-EARTH with a Solar Gravitational Lens Telescope Slava G. Turyshev 369 A TELESCOPE AT THE SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL LENS: Problems and Solutions Geoffrey A. Landis 375 ET PROBES, NODES, AND LANDBASES: a Proposed Galactic Communications Architecture and Implied Search Strategies John Gertz 382 NUMERICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE SIZE OF GENERATION SHIPS from total energy expenditure on board, annual food production and spacefarming techniques Frédéric Marin, Camille Beluffi, Rhys aylorT & Loïc Grau 394 EFFECTS OF ENHANCED GRAPHENE REFLECTION on the Performance of Sun-launched Interstellar Arks Gregory L. Matloff OUR MISSION STATEMENT The British Interplanetary Society promotes the exploration and use of space for the benefit of humanity, connecting people to create, educate and inspire, and advance knowledge in all aspects of astronautics. JBIS Vol 71 No.10 October 2018 357 CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence STEPHEN ASHWORTH and JAMES SCHWARTZ correspond on the subject of Dr Schwartz's recent paper “Worldship Ethics: Obligations to the Crew”, JBIS, 71, pp.53-64, 2018. To: the Editor of JBIS the generations pass and as political fashions come and go. 19 July 2018 Those questions are therefore likely to be addressed in an Dear Sir, evolutionary setting, in which solutions most conducive to the growth and multiplication of space colonies inevitably James Schwartz’s new paper on worldship ethics makes some out-compete solutions which cater more for specific interesting points [1]. I believe he is perfectly correct to ideological stances, such as one which would prioritise “the conclude that the ethical and political problems he raises will best possible life” (p.56) for the individuals inhabiting those apply also to permanent space settlements within the Solar colonies. In the longer term one can perhaps foresee colony System, and that therefore by the time technology and the conditions converging on a range of solutions in which economy have advanced to the point where worldship travel the needs of the colony as a whole are balanced against the on an interstellar scale is possible, the planners of such voyages needs of the individual. The success of democratic societies will be able to call on extensive relevant practical experience. in the latter half of the 20th century has shown that free and happy citizens are more productive than heavily restricted This, however, raises new questions for ethicists to ponder. and unhappy ones. Yet there will presumably remain broad For, given that the problems characteristic of worldship cultural differences, causing cultures more tolerant of living will begin to be addressed well before interstellar flight crowding and employing stricter levels of social discipline to becomes possible, two new factors come into play. tend to numerically dominate the Solar System in accordance with evolutionary logic, regardless of any accusations of Firstly, unlike the worldship case, there would exist a exploitation of their own citizens which may be flung at them plausible scenario in which a sense of urgency is attached by their more ethically circumspect neighbours. to a space colonisation programme. This would be the case if it is undertaken in pursuit, not of species survival, but of At the same time, the learning curve will surely be eased the more deeply felt cause of national survival. Suppose that by the gradient of difficulty inherent in the Solar System. a great power struggle is underway on Earth similar to the Space colonies may be established first in Earth orbit, later 20th-century Cold War, and that extraterrestrial colonisation in the Main Asteroid Belt, then among the Jupiter Trojans is seen either as
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