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Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for re- search quality and objectivity. Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse Bruce W. Bennett C O R P O R A T I O N NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse Bruce W. -
South Korea Section 3
DEFENSE WHITE PAPER Message from the Minister of National Defense The year 2010 marked the 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War. Since the end of the war, the Republic of Korea has made such great strides and its economy now ranks among the 10-plus largest economies in the world. Out of the ashes of the war, it has risen from an aid recipient to a donor nation. Korea’s economic miracle rests on the strength and commitment of the ROK military. However, the threat of war and persistent security concerns remain undiminished on the Korean Peninsula. North Korea is threatening peace with its recent surprise attack against the ROK Ship CheonanDQGLWV¿ULQJRIDUWLOOHU\DW<HRQS\HRQJ Island. The series of illegitimate armed provocations by the North have left a fragile peace on the Korean Peninsula. Transnational and non-military threats coupled with potential conflicts among Northeast Asian countries add another element that further jeopardizes the Korean Peninsula’s security. To handle security threats, the ROK military has instituted its Defense Vision to foster an ‘Advanced Elite Military,’ which will realize the said Vision. As part of the efforts, the ROK military complemented the Defense Reform Basic Plan and has UHYDPSHGLWVZHDSRQSURFXUHPHQWDQGDFTXLVLWLRQV\VWHP,QDGGLWLRQLWKDVUHYDPSHGWKHHGXFDWLRQDOV\VWHPIRURI¿FHUVZKLOH strengthening the current training system by extending the basic training period and by taking other measures. The military has also endeavored to invigorate the defense industry as an exporter so the defense economy may develop as a new growth engine for the entire Korean economy. To reduce any possible inconveniences that Koreans may experience, the military has reformed its defense rules and regulations to ease the standards necessary to designate a Military Installation Protection Zone. -
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DEMOCRATIC PEOPEL'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA NUTRITION Onsong Kyongwon ± Combat Undernutrition especially for Mother and Children North Kyonghung Hamgyong Hoiryong City Musan Chongjin City Kilometers Taehongdan 050 100 200 Puryong Samjiyon Yonsa Junggang Ryanggang Kyongsong Pochon Paekam Jasong Orang Kimhyongjik Hyesan City Unhung Hwaphyong Kimjongsuk Myonggan Manpo City Samsu Kapsan Janggang Kilju Myongchon Sijung Kanggye City Chagang Rangrim Pungso Hwadae Chosan Wiwon Songgang Pujon Hochon Kimchaek City Kimhyonggwon North Usi Kopung Jonchon South Hamgyong Phyongan Pyokdong Ryongrim Tanchon City Changsong Jangjin Toksong Sakju Songwon Riwon Sinhung Uiju Tongsin Taegwan Tongchang Pukchong Huichon City Sinuiju City Hongwon Sinpho City Chonma Unsan Yonggwang Phihyon Taehung Ryongchon Hyangsan Kusong City Hamhung City Sindo Nyongwon Yomju Tongrim Thaechon Kujang Hamju Sonchon Rakwon Cholsan Nyongbyon Pakchon Tokchon City Kwaksan Jongju City Unjon Jongphyong Kaechon City Yodok Maengsan Anju City Pukchang Mundok Kumya Responsible Agencies Sunchon City Kowon Sukchon Sinyang Sudong WFP Pyongsong City South Chonnae Pyongwon Songchon PhyonganYangdok Munchon City Jungsan UNICEF Wonsan City Taedong Pyongyang City Kangdong Hoichang Anbyon Kangso Sinpyong Popdong UNFPA PyongyangKangnam Thongchon Onchon Junghwa YonsanNorth Kosan Taean Sangwon Areas with No Access Nampo City Hwangju HwanghaeKoksan Hoiyang Suan Pangyo Sepho Free Trade Zone Unchon Yontan Kumgang Kosong Unryul Sariwon City Singye Changdo South Anak Pongsan Sohung Ichon Kangwon Phyonggang Kwail Kimhwa Jaeryong HwanghaeSonghwa Samchon Unpha Phyongsan Sinchon Cholwon Jangyon Rinsan Tosan Ryongyon Sinwon Kumchon Taetan Pongchon Pyoksong Jangphung Haeju City Kaesong City Chongdan Ongjin Paechon Yonan Kaepung Kangryong Map Compiled By WFP VAM Unit Feb 2010. -
Status of Heavy Fuel Oil Delivered to North Korea Under the Agreed Framework
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO International Relations, House of Representatives September 1999 NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION Status of Heavy Fuel Oil Delivered to North Korea Under the Agreed Framework GAO/RCED-99-276 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division B-283603 September 30, 1999 The Honorable Benjamin A. Gilman Chairman, Committee on International Relations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: During the early 1990s, North Korea’s nuclear program was suspected of producing nuclear material capable of being fashioned into nuclear weapons. To address this threat and ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula, the United States and North Korea signed an agreement known as the Agreed Framework on October 21, 1994.1 Under this agreement, North Korea agreed to freeze the construction and operation of its existing nuclear reactors and related facilities, to eventually dismantle this equipment, and to comply with the international Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. In exchange, the United States pledged to help North Korea acquire two light-water nuclear reactors for electricity generation by arranging for their construction through an international consortium, the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO).2 Furthermore, to offset the energy forgone by the freeze on North Korea’s nuclear reactors, the United States pledged to arrange through the organization for deliveries of 500,000 metric tons of heavy fuel oil annually until the first reactor was completed.3 An agreement on the actual schedule for delivering the reactors has not yet been concluded. -
UN Consolidated Relief Appeal 2004
In Tribute In 2003 many United Nations, International Organisation, and Non-Governmental Organisation staff members died while helping people in several countries struck by crisis. Scores more were attacked and injured. Aid agency staff members were abducted. Some continue to be held against their will. In recognition of our colleagues’ commitment to humanitarian action and pledging to continue the work we began together We dedicate this year’s appeals to them. FOR ADDITIONAL COPIES, PLEASE CONTACT: UN OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS PALAIS DES NATIONS 8-14 AVENUE DE LA PAIX CH - 1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND TEL.: (41 22) 917.1972 FAX: (41 22) 917.0368 E-MAIL: [email protected] THIS DOCUMENT CAN ALSO BE FOUND ON HTTP://WWW.RELIEFWEB.INT/ UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, November 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................11 Table I. Summary of Requirements – By Appealing Organisation ........................................................12 2. YEAR IN REVIEW ....................................................................................................................................13 2.1 CHANGES IN THE HUMANITARIAN SITUATION ...........................................................................................13 2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW...........................................................................................................................14 2.3 MONITORING REPORT AND -
RFQ-2012-01-DPRK Amendment 1 DPR KOREA
United Nations Development Programme Request for Quotation for services Reference: RFQ-2012-01-DPRK Amendment 1 DPR KOREA I. Answers to the questions received by January 23, 2012. 1. The information about the project is very limited. Can you provide more information about the project? Answer: Please find below, more information about the project “Small Wind Energy Development and Promotion in Rural Areas (SWEDPRA). In addition, you can find more information on-line in the following link: http://www.adaptationlearning.net/project/swedpra_dprk Project No.: 00076431 Project Title: Small Wind Energy Development and Promotion in Rural Areas (SWEDPRA) Project Budget: US$ 1,445,000 ( of which the following expenditure were expended prior 2010: Project Development Facility: US$ 25,000, GEF: US$ 265,073.40, UNDP: US$ 76,453.18, Govt.(in-kind): US$ 77,000) Source of Funds: GEF Government cost-sharing: US$ 545,000 (in-kind) Executing Agency: UNOPS (Pre-resumption), DEX (Resumption) Implementing Agency: State Academy of Science. State Commission of Science and Technology Project Document signed: August 2005 (Pre-resumption), August 2010 (Resumption) Duration: 50 months (18+32 months) Project location: Onchon County, South Pyongan Province Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province Project Background: The DPRK energy sector is characterized by a heavy reliance on coal and coke (over 60% of demand in 1990). Petroleum, all of which is imported, accounted for only 7% of supply in 1990, electricity another 7% and biomass provided an estimated 24%. Industrial demand accounts for nearly half of all consumption, residential about a third (half of this contributed by wood and biomass). -
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- Yangdok Hot Spring Resort - Popular Ceramics Exhibition House - World of Prodigies Silver Ornament A gift presented to President Kim Il Sung by Kaleda Zia, Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh in April 1992 Monthly Journal (766) C O N T E N T S 3 Yangdok Hot Spring Resort 10 Korean Nation’s History of Using Hot Spring 11 Architecture for the People 12 Fruit of Enthusiasm 13 Offensive for Frontal Breakthrough and Increased Production and Economy 14 Old Home at Mangyongdae 17 The Secret Camp on Mt. Paektu 21 Understanding of the People Monthly journal Korea Today is posted on the Internet site www.korean-books.com.kp in English, Russian and Chinese. 1 22 Seventy-fi ve Years of WPK (4) Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery Tells 23 Relying on Domestic Resources 24 Consumer Changes to Producer 26 Popular Ceramics Exhibition House 28 Nano Cloth Developers Front Cover: Yangdok 29 Target of Developers Hot Spring Resort in the morning 30 World of Prodigies Photo by Kim Kum Sok 32 Record-breaking Achievement in 2019 36 True story I’ll Remain a Winner (7) 38 Promising Sheep Breeding Base 40 Pioneer of Complex Hand-foot Refl ex Therapy 41 Disabled Table Tennis Player 42 National Dog under Good Care 43 Story of Headmaster 44 Glimpse of Japan’s Plunder of Korean Cultural Heritage Back Cover: Moran Hill in spring 46 National Intangible Cultural Heritage (41) Photo by Kim Ji Ye Sijungho Mud Therapy 47 Poetess Ho Ran Sol Hon 13502 ㄱ – 208057 48 Mt Kuwol (3) Edited by Kim Myong Hak Address: Sochon-dong, Sosong District, Pyongyang, DPRK E-mail: fl [email protected] © The Foreign Language Magazines 2020 2 YYangdokangdok HHotot SSpringpring RResortesort No. -
North Korea, Apparel Production Networks and UN Sanctions: Resilience Through Informality
Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea Vol.23, No.4, 2020 (373-394) North Korea, Apparel Production Networks and UN Sanctions: Resilience through Informality Jong-Woon Lee*⋅Kevin Gray** 북한 의류 생산네트워크와 UN 제재 이종운*⋅케빈 그레이** Abstract: The strengthening of multilateral international sanctions against North Korea has raised questions as to how effective they are in exerting pressure on the country’s economy. In this paper, we address this question by examining their impact on the country’s integration into regional and global apparel production networks. North Korea has in the past decade become an increasingly competitive exporter of apparel on the basis of consignment-based processing arrangements. Official trade data shows a sharp drop in North Korean exports of clothing since the sectoral ban in 2017. There is evidence to suggest, however, that exports have continued on a more informal and clandestine basis. North Korea’s integration into apparel production networks has also taken the form of the dispatch of workers to factories in China’s northeastern border regions. Yet there is evidence that the recent sanctions imposed on such practices has similarly led to illicit practices such as working on visitors’ visas, often with the help of Chinese enterprises and local government. The resilience of North Korea’s integration into apparel production networks follows a capitalist logic and is result of the highly profitable nature of apparel production for all actors concerned and a correspondingly strong desire to evade sanctions. As such, the analysis contributes to the literature on sanctions that suggests that the measures may contribute to emergence of growing informal and illicit practices and to the role of the clandestine economy. -
WATER SUPPLY and HABITAT PROJECTS in the DPRK ICRC Mission in the Democratic People’S Republic of Korea
PROJECT BRIEF WATER SUPPLY AND HABITAT PROJECTS IN THE DPRK ICRC Mission in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea PROGRAMME OVERVIEW Since 2013, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has been working on water supply in peri-urban areas. Launched in different years, the four ongo- ing projects mainly involve construction with locally available materials and are in different phases of completion. Once finished, they will benefit about 123,750 inhabitants, ensuring they have sustainable access to clean water. Renovations at two local hospitals and two Physical Rehabilitation Centres will enable the public facilities to run more effectively and provide people with up-to-standard infra- structure and services. The Ministry of Urban Management PARTNERS The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) Red Cross Society The International Committee of the Red Cross Water supply to peri-urban communities Jongpyong Eup Town water-supply system Kaechon City water-supply system Location Jongpyong, South Hamgyong Province Location Kaechon, South Pyongan Province Population targeted 43,000 Population targeted 59,200 Starting year 2018 Starting year 2019 Completion May 2020 Completion May 2020 Constructed in the 1970s, the existing water-supply system is Kaechon relies on a pumped water-supply system set up in unable to cover the current needs due to an increase in popu- the 1970s. Over the years, the quality of source well has wors- lation and reduction and deterioration of the water source. ened with the pumps too old to function fully, electricity for Households receive water in shifts and residents without piped pumping has been limited and distribution pipes are broken water in their houses draw it from hand-dug wells, which are and have developed leaks. -
Anecdotes of Kim Jong Il's Life 2
ANECDOTES OF KIM JONG IL’S LIFE 2 ANECDOTES OF KIM JONG IL’S LIFE 2 FOREIGN LANGUAGES PUBLISHING HOUSE PYONGYANG, KOREA JUCHE 104 (2015) At the construction site of the Samsu Power Station (March 3, 2006) At the Migok Cooperative Farm in Sariwon (December 3, 2006) At the Ryongsong Machine Complex (November 12, 2006) In a fish farm at Lake Jangyon (February 6, 2007) At the Kosan Fruit Farm (May 4, 2008) At the goat farm on the Phyongphung Tableland in Hamju County (August 7, 2008) With a newly-wed couple of discharged soldiers at the Wonsan Youth Power Station (January 5, 2009) At the Pobun Hermitage in Mt. Ryongak (January 17, 2009) At the Kumjingang Kuchang Youth Power Station (November 6, 2009) CONTENTS 1. AFFECTION AND TRUST .......................................................1 “Crying Faces Are Not Photogenic”........................................1 Laughter in an Amusement Park..............................................2 Choe Hyon’s Pistol ..................................................................3 Before Working Out the Budget ..............................................5 Turning “100m Beauty” into “Real Beauty”............................6 The Root Never to Be Forgotten..............................................7 Price of Honey .........................................................................9 Concrete Stanchions Removed .............................................. 10 -
04 Yong Seok Chang DOI.Indd
Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015): 65-85 doi: 10.18588/201505.000036 Research Article Revisiting Korea’s Northern Limit Line and Proposed Special Zone for Peace and Cooperation Yong Seok Chang This article examines the prospects for the realization of the agreement signed at the 2007 inter-Korean summit to transform the conflict-susceptible Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West Sea into a border area where South and North Korea jointly promote peace and prosperity. To realize this agreement the two Koreas must integrate new ideas and plans by viewing the NLL as a space of common benefit rather than a line of military confrontation. The establishment of the West Sea Special Zone for Peace and Cooperation focuses on security and economic issues. Implementation of the agreement requires particular attention to development of a comprehensive plan, including promotion of ecological, environmental, historical, and cultural assets, as well as inter-Korean fishery cooperation. Keywords West Sea, Northern Limit Line (NLL), border area, peace settlement, common prosperity, regional cooperation Introduction The Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West Sea (also called the Yellow Sea) and its surrounding areas has been a symbol of the precarious peace on the Korean Peninsula since the Korean War ended in 1953. Recurrent skirmishes between the naval forces of the two Koreas over the NLL have escalated tensions on the entire Korean Peninsula. The peace and stability of Northeast Asia would come under threat if the United States, an ally of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea), were to become actively involved in this dispute. -
CBD Strategy and Action Plan
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan DPRK ovata, Epimedium koreanum, Eleutherococcus Enticosus as medicinal; · Vitis amurensis, Actinidia argenta, Vaccinium uliginosum, Castanea crenata, Querecus sp._As nuts; · Spuriopinella calycina, Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda japonica, Aralia elata, Platycodon grandifiorum as wild edible greens; · Trcholoma matsutake, 'Pleurotus ostreatus, P. cornucopiaen as mushroom resource; · Syringa dilatata, Thylgus quinque costatus, Agastache rugosa, Ledum palustre as spice plant. Endangered & rare species in Species inCITES Taxa DPRK Annexl Annex2 . Amphibian 9 Reptile 13 Aves 74 15 2 I Mammal 28 4 7 Total 124 19 28 As for forest wild animals with economic value, we can take Caprecolus caprecolus, Hydropotes inermis, Nemorhaedus goral, Sus scorfa, Lepus mandschuricus, Cervus nippon, Moschus moschiferus, Ursus thibetatnus, Meles meles, Nyctereutes procyonoides, Martes zibellina, Lutra lutra, Phsianus colchicus, Coturnix xoturnix, Tetrastes bonasia, Lyrurus tetrix. And in winter, ten thousands flocks of Anatidae fly along wetland at seaside of east and west seas. There distributed 185 species of fresh, brackish water and anadromous fishes including 65 species of Cyprinidae in freshwater. And are there 900 species of Disces and rich marine grasses and invertebrates with high industrial value such as Haliotis gigantea, Stichpus japonicus, Echinoidea, Erimaculus isenbeckii, Neptunus trituberculatus, Chionoecetes opilio in seawater of DPRK. In the KES, 329 species of Rhodophyta, 130 species of Rhaeophyta, 87 species of Chlorophta and in total 546 species of seaweeds are known. Among them, 309 species of seaweed have high economic values including 63 species with high medicinal value. 1.3 Threats to DPRK Biodiversity 1.3. L Threatened Status 1.3.1.1. Threatened status for ecosystem Destruction of ecosystems is being accelerated by natural disasters such as deforestation, soil erosion, deterioration of water quality, decrease of economic resources and also, flood.