Joint Force Quarterly
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0120 COV1 1/8/00 9:23 PM Page 1 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY JFQ 4 pi Flexible Presence Joint Experimentation 99 Grenada, Panama, Autumn and Haiti Winter98 Information Superiority A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL 3 pi Score covers 1 & 4 no greater than 3/16” from the bind 0220 PGS 1/8/00 4:06 PM Page C2 . our forward presence is a given— to signal our commitment to our allies and to give second thoughts to any disturber of the peace. —Colin L. Powell Cov 2 JFQ / Autumn/Winter 1998–99 0320 Prelim Pgs 1/8/00 4:11 PM Page 1 JFQ AWord fromthe Chairman Army Reservists training in Lithuania. a first-class military requires first-rate people Signal Company (Eduardo Guajardo) Signal Company (Eduardo th 55 he men and women of the Armed women trained and ready to operate and main- Forces continue their record of tain them those systems would be of little achievement in serving the Nation. worth. A first-class military requires first-rate T Whether preserving the peace in people. Bosnia, providing disaster relief to hurricane vic- Although usually called an all-volunteer tims in Central America, responding decisively in force, our military can better be described as an the face of terrorists, or carrying out Operation all-recruited force. While everyone enters the Desert Fox, they have risen to every challenge. Armed Forces today as a volunteer, they must be During the press of ongoing operations it is attracted to the opportunities service can provide. easy to take for granted the magnificent efforts Wearing the uniform has never been about of our soldiers, sailors, marines, and airmen and money or personal gain, and people volunteer for lose sight of just how critical they are to na- many reasons, but our servicemembers want and tional success. Our tanks, ships, and planes are among the best the world, but without men and (continued on page 4) Autumn/Winter 1998–99 / JFQ 1 0320 Prelim Pgs 1/8/00 4:11 PM Page 2 I CONTENTS 1 A Word from the Chairman 34 The Area of Operations— by Henry H. Shelton Fighting One Campaign by Douglas E. Utley 6 From the Field and Fleet: Letters to the Editor 40 Joint Campaigning in 2010 JFQ by Richard D. Hooker, Jr. I 7 Flexible Presence in the 48 In Search of Synergy: 21st Century Joint Amphibious/Air Assault by D. Sean Barnett and Operations James S. Thomason by James B. Brown 53 Power Projection and Countermine Operations by Anthony E. Mitchell 57 Grenada, Panama, and Haiti: Joint Operational Reform by Ronald H. Cole I OUT OF JOINT 65 The Joint Evaluation Report— Career Enhancer or Kiss of 15 Joint Experimentation: Death A Necessity for Future War by Vincent M. Dreyer, Bruce C. Emig, by Mark A. Johnstone, Stephen A. and James T. Sanny, Sr. Ferrando, and Robert W. Critchlow I 25 Command and Control for 71 Kasserine Pass and the Proper Joint Strategic Actions Application of Airpower by Douglas A. Macgregor by Shawn P. Rife 78 The Asymmetric Threat: PHOTO CREDITS Listening to the Debate The cover features USS Cowpens with USNS Yukon after by Robert David Steele completing underway replenishment, Southern Watch (U.S. Navy/Dennis A. Narlock). The front inside cover shows SEALs aboard USS Hampton during COMPTUEX’98 85 Entropy-Based Warfare: (U.S. Navy/Michael W. Pendergrass); marine responding Modeling the Revolution in to drill on USS Independence, Persian Gulf (USS Independence/Chris Howell); B–52 undergoing mainte- Military Affairs nance, Diego Garcia (2d Communications Squadron/ Mary Smith); and M2 fighting vehicle, Foal Eagle ’98 by Mark Herman (1st Combat Camera Squadron/Jim Varhegyi). The table of contents features F–117 taking off from Kuwaiti base (1st Combat Camera Squadron/Greg L. Davis); 91 Joint Task Forces and USS George Washington at anchor off St. Thomas harbor, Virgin Islands Preemptive Response (USS George Washington/Joe Hennessey). The back inside cover captures security patrol at Panmunjom (1st Combat Camera Squadron/Jeffrey Allen). The back by Edwin P. Smith cover shows F–15 leaving RAF Lakenheath (48th Communications Squadron/ Joseph Lozada); and parade for Cooperative Osprey (2d Marine Division/ M.A. Sunderland). 2 JFQ / Autumn/Winter 1998–99 0320 Prelim Pgs 1/8/00 4:11 PM Page 3 AUTUMN/WINTER 1998–99 / NUMBER 20 100 Today It’s Gold, Not Purple I THE JOINT WORLD by Scott W. Moore 115 Doctrine 107 Away All Boats: I The Army-Navy Maneuvers OFF THE SHELF of 1925 117 Innovation and the by Leo J. Daugherty III Imperial Japanese Navy: A Book Review I OF CHIEFS AND CHAIRMEN by Thomas G. Mahnken 114 Curtis Emerson LeMay 119 Rethinking Modern War and Technology: A Book Review by Shawn C. Whetstone Joint Force Quarterly Hans Binnendijk Robert A. Silano Director Director of Publications Institute for National Strategic Studies Institute for National Strategic Studies Editor-in-Chief Editor Martin J. Peters, Jr. William A. Rawley Calvin B. Kelley Production Coordinator U.S. Government Printing Office Copy Editor Art Director JFQ is published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted topics of common interest to the Armed Forces (see page 120 by the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National De- without permission of copyright proprietors. An acknowledg- for details). Please direct all editorial communications to: fense University, to promote understanding of the integrated ment to Joint Force Quarterly should be made whenever mate- Editor, Joint Force Quarterly employment of land, sea, air, space, and special operations rial is quoted from or based on its contents. ATTN: NDU–NSS–JFQ forces. The journal focuses on joint doctrine, coalition warfare, This publication has been approved by the Secretary of De- 300 Fifth Avenue (Bldg. 62) contingency planning, combat operations conducted by the fense. All previous issues have been published electronically Fort Lesley J. McNair unified commands, and joint force development. and are available over the Internet at the address indicated Washington, D.C. 20319–5066 The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations ex- below. Paid subscriptions to JFQ are offered through the U.S. pressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do Government Printing Office. Telephone: (202) 685–4220 / DSN 325–4220 not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense The editors invite articles and other contributions on joint Fax: (202) 685–4219 / DSN 325–4219 or any other agency of the Federal Government. Copyrighted warfighting, interservice issues that support jointness, and e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine ISSN 1070–0692 March 1999 Autumn/Winter 1998–99 / JFQ 3 0320 Prelim Pgs 1/8/00 4:11 PM Page 4 I Joint Force Quarterly A WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN GEN Henry H. Shelton, USA (continued from page 1) Publisher deserve a decent standard of living for themselves and their families. ADVISORY COMMITTEE Survey results point to dissatisfaction with LTG Richard A. Chilcoat, USA I National Defense University the retirement program as a primary cause of re- Chairman cruiting and retention problems. Fixing that pro- BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) I Office of the Chairman gram is an urgent priority since the lifetime value of military retirement has declined by as much as Brig Gen Franklin J. Blaisdell, USAF I Armed Forces Staff College 25 percent following reforms in the 1980s that es- VADM Arthur K. Cebrowski, USN I Naval War College tablished the High-3 and Redux programs. Two- VADM Vernon E. Clark, USN I The Joint Staff thirds of the current active duty population is now subject to Redux and will receive 40 percent I A. Denis Clift Joint Military Intelligence College of their base pay after 20 years instead of the 50 Col K.A. Conry, USMC I Marine Corps Command and Staff College percent enjoyed by those who entered the service prior to 1986. Maj Gen Richard L. Engel, USAF I Industrial College of the Armed Forces Moreover, servicemembers will not be pro- Col David M. Lumsden, USMC I Marine Corps War College vided full consumer price index cost-of-living ad- RADM Thomas F. Marfiak, USN I National War College justments like their predecessors. This variance in retirement programs diminishes the value of ca- Brig Gen Ralph Pasini, USAF I The Joint Staff reer service and makes the retirement system a Brig Gen (s) John Rosa, Jr., USAF I Air Command and Staff College disincentive, leading people to leave the military MG Robert H. Scales, USA I U.S. Army War College instead of staying for 20 years or more. As a re- sult, and with the support of both the President Maj Gen Lance L. Smith, USAF I Air War College and Secretary of Defense, all services are commit- BG John R. Wood, USA I U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ted to working with Congress to restore the retire- ment program that provided 50 percent of base pay upon retirement with 20 years of honorable EDITORIAL BOARD service. The initial response to this proposal by Hans Binnendijk I National Defense University Congress has been heartening. Chairman Competitive pay is the other basic element Richard K. Betts I Columbia University of a comprehensive compensation package that is Col J. Lee Blank, USAF I National War College needed to retain quality people. The most press- ing requirement is to close the pay gap between Col Stephen D. Chiabotti, USAF I Air Command and Staff College servicemembers and their civilian counterparts. Eliot A. Cohen I The Johns Hopkins University Although estimates about the size of the gap vary from 8.5 to 13.5 percent, no one denies that it ex- COL Robert A.