Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East
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Women's Struggle for Citizenship
OCTOBER 2017 Women’s Struggle for Citizenship: Civil Society and Constitution Making after the Arab Uprisings JOSÉ S. VERICAT Cover Photo: Marchers on International ABOUT THE AUTHORS Women’s Day, Cairo, Egypt, March 8, 2011. Al Jazeera English. JOSÉ S. VERICAT is an Adviser at the International Peace Institute. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper represent those of the author Email: [email protected] and not necessarily those of the International Peace Institute. IPI welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS a well-informed debate on critical policies and issues in international The author would like to thank Mohamed Elagati and affairs. Nidhal Mekki for their useful feedback. This project would not have seen the light of day without the input of dozens IPI Publications of civil society activists from Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, as Adam Lupel, Vice President well as several from Libya and Syria, who believed in its Albert Trithart, Associate Editor value and selflessly invested their time and energy into it. Madeline Brennan, Assistant Production Editor To them IPI is very grateful. Within IPI, Amal al-Ashtal and Waleed al-Hariri provided vital support at different stages Suggested Citation: of the project’s execution. José S. Vericat, “Women’s Struggle for Citizenship: Civil Society and IPI owes a debt of gratitude to its many donors for their Constitution Making after the Arab generous support. In particular, IPI would like to thank the Uprisings,” New York: International governments of Finland and Norway for making this Peace Institute, October 2017. publication possible. -
The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Latent Heat: Changing Forms of Activism Under Repressi
The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Latent Heat: Changing Forms of Activism under Repressive Authoritarian Regimes: A Case Study of Egypt, 2000-2008 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts/Science By Shireen Mohamed Zayed under the supervision of Dr. James H. Sunday August/2017 1 Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 3 Dedication ................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: Introduction and Literature Review ............................................................. 6 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Literature Review: Beyond Repression and Coercion Alone ....................................... 8 1.2.1 Operational Definitions .................................................................................. 9 1.2.2 Relationship between Repression and Activism ............................................... 10 1.2.3 Scholarly Debate: Activism Under Authoritarian Regimes ................................. 12 1.3 Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................... -
Egypt's Uncertain Departure from Neo-Authoritarianism
MEDITERRANEAN PAPER SERIES 2011 TRANSITION TO WHAT: EGYPT’S UNCERTAIN DEPARTURE FROM NEO-AUTHORITARIANIsm Daniela Pioppi Maria Cristina Paciello Issandr El Amrani Philippe Droz-Vincent © 2011 The German Marshall Fund of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the German Marshall Fund of the United States GMF. Please direct inquiries to: The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1744 R Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 F 1 202 265 1662 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at www.gmfus.org/publications. Limited print copies are also available. To request a copy, send an e-mail to [email protected]. GMF Paper Series The GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety of transatlantic topics by staff, fellows, and partners of the German Marshall Fund of the United States. The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of GMF. Comments from readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by e-mail to [email protected]. About GMF The German Marshall Fund of the United States GMF is a non-partisan American public policy and grantmaking institu- tion dedicated to promoting better understanding and cooperation between North America and Europe on transatlantic and global issues. GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working in the transatlantic sphere, by convening leaders and members of the policy and business communities, by contributing research and analysis on transatlantic topics, and by pro- viding exchange opportunities to foster renewed commitment to the transatlantic relationship. -
The State's Unsustainable Counterrevolutionary Comeback In
IEMed. European Institute of the Mediterranean Consortium formed by: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Government of Catalonia Barcelona City Council President: Artur Mas President of the Government of Catalonia Vice-Presidents: José Manuel García-Margallo Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Joana Ortega Vice-President of the Government of Catalonia Xavier Trias Mayor of Barcelona Executive President: Senén Florensa Board of Trustees - Business Council: Corporate Sponsors Partner Institutions Fundació Abertis Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona Banc Sabadell ESADE Caixa Bank Foment de Treball Nacional Iberia IESE Business School Manubens Pimec Port de Barcelona Amics de País Port de Tarragona Repsol PapersIEMed. Published by the European Institute of the Mediterranean Coordination: Pol Morillas Proof-reading: Neil Charlton Layout: Núria Esparza ISSN: 1888-5357 Legal deposit: B-27445-2011 September 2014 On the occasion of the Annual Conference “A Transforming Arab World: Between Continuity and Change”, held in Paris on 3rd and 4th October 2013 and co-organised by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) and the IEMed, distinguished analysts presented the results of their research on the new dynamics in the region following the Arab uprisings. Three major issues were explored: the role of the state in absorbing the shocks of change, the fragmentation or cohesion of the Mediterranean region, and the new actors and demands of Arab civil society. This series of Papers brings together the revised research works presented at the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference 2013. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the AECID or the European Institute of the Mediterranean. -
The Kefaya Movement
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. The Kefaya Movement A Case Study of a Grassroots Reform Initiative Nadia Oweidat, Cheryl Benard, Dale Stahl, Walid Kildani, Edward O'Connell, Audra K. -
97090865.Pdf
Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World Contents Civil Society News From Around the Region ........... 1-2 A round-up of important developments in democratization and human rights in the Arab World. The Sociologist Vs. The State: Round II..............................3 Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim continues to provoke the ire of the Egyptian regime. What is the Grassroots Democracy Project?..........................5 An overview of an ongoing ICDS democratization project. The Trial of Free Press..................................................6 Matthew Husing examines the assault on press freedoms within AEgypt. Judicial Compromise...................................................7 Ivan Rosales covers the most recent development in the Saudi Arabian legal system. Reluctant Arab Political Reform.......................................8 Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim on the hesitant political reform process in the Arab world. A Bittersweet Release....................................................11 An in-depth interview with recently-released prisoner and ICDS employee Amr Tharwat. Al-Rewaq.........................................................................10 A summary of the October weekly forums held at ICDS. Can Any of you Name the Swiss President?................…...12 Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim recounts his recent travels to Switzerland. How Long can Egypt Endure Penury?..........................14 Hassan Elsawaf bemoans the stagnation and status quo of Egyptian Thepolitics Copts and of Egypt:society. Victims of Discrimination ...............15 -
The Egyptian Uprising and April 6 Youth Movement Split by Somaia
The Egyptian Uprising and April 6th Youth Movement Split By Somaia Metwalli El Sayed Supervised by Prof. Mustapha K. Al Sayyed Submitted as part of fulfilling the requirements of the masters degree School of Humanities and Social Science Department of Political Science The American University in Cairo Fall 2014 1 Dedication To Prof. Fayisal Younis may your soul rest in peace 2 Thank You Thanks are due to my parents for their contentious support and to my supervisor for his time, effort and encouragement. I am equally grateful to my readers committee for their time, comments and insights that help in improving the thesis’ analysis. 3 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………... 4-28 - RESEARCH PROBLEM - IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY - TIME FRAME OF THE STUDY - LITERATURE REVIEW - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK - METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE - ETHICAL CONSIDERATION - THESIS STRUCTURE II. EGYPTIAN CONTEXT PRIOR TO THE UPRISING AND THE EMERGENCE OF APRIL 6TH YOUTH MOVEMENT…………. 29-46 - THE CONTEXT 2005-2008 - THE MOVEMENT SINCE ITS FORMATION TILL THE UPRISING - CONCLUSIONS III. REASONS OF INTERNAL DISSENT PRIOR TO THE UPRISING - DECISION MAKING PROCESS AND LEADERSHIP STYLE.47-73 - TRANSPARENCY - CONCLUSION IV. THE UPRISING: A CATALYST FOR THE SPLIT?........................74-105 - THE DIALECTIC BETWEEN EVENTS AND FRAMES: THE UPRISING AND THE MOVEMENT’S NEW MODES OF INTERACYIONS WITH POLITICAL FORCES - THE UPRISING AND THE MOVEMENT’S ROLE FRAMING - THE UPRISING AND THE INTERNAL FRAMES OF DISPUTE - PROACTIVE INITIATIVES AGAINST THE SPLIT - CONCLUSIONS V. THE AFTERMATH OF THE SPLIT………………………………106-145 - THE MOVEMENT’S VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES - THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE - THE INTERNAL SYSTEM - CONCLUSIONS 4 VI. -
Egypt: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition
Egypt: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition Maria Cristina Paciello MEDPRO Technical Report No. 4/May 2011 Abstract Hosni Mubarak’s regime and its power system enjoyed remarkable stability for over 30 years. On 11 February 2011, after 18 days of mass protests, the Egyptian president was forced to step down, revealing the unsustainability of the political and economic system that had ensured his continuity for so long. While the revolution of January 25th led to a major success – the fall of Hosni Mubarak – Egypt’s political future is still opaque and exposed to a number of risks. This paper first highlights the factors underpinning the former stability of Mubarak’s regime; it then assesses the causes of its underlying unsustainability, leading to the anti-government popular mobilisation in January-February 2011 and the removal of Mubarak; finally the paper evaluates the prospects for a genuine democratic transition in Egypt, by looking at the main political and socio-economic challenges facing the country. This paper was produced in the context of the MEDPRO (Mediterranean Prospects) project, a three-year project funded under the Socio-economic Sciences & Humanities Programme of DG Research of the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Research Programme. MEDPRO Technical Reports give an indication of work being conducted within MEDPRO thematic Work Packages (WPs) and aim at stimulating reactions from other experts and academics in the field. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which she is associated. ISBN-13: 978-94-6138-101-9 Available for free downloading from the MEDPRO (www.medpro-foresight.eu) and CEPS (www.ceps.eu) websites © Copyright 2011, Maria Cristina Paciello Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories
religions Article Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories Houssem Ben Lazreg Department of Modern Languages & Cultural Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [email protected] Abstract: In the wake of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, Ennahda leader Rached Ghannouchi distanced his party from the main Islamist paradigm, which is spearheaded primarily by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and announced the separation of the religious movement entirely from its political wing (al-Siyasi and al-da’awi). In addition to reassuring Tunisians that Ennahda’s socio- political project is rooted in its “Tunisianity,” these measures aimed at signaling Ennahda’s joining the camp of post-Islamist parties and Muslim democrats such as the AKP in Turkey and the JDP in Morocco. In this article, using the comparative case studies, I examine the patterns, similarities, and differences between the Tunisian Ennahda party and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in terms of their evolutions from an Islamist to a post-Islamist discourse and identity. I argue that the Ennahda party outpaced the Muslim Brotherhood in that shift considering the local/regional realities and the new compromises dictated by the post-revolutionary political processes in both countries. Although the Muslim Brotherhood managed to come to power and govern for only one year before being deposed by the army, Ennahda’s political pragmatism (consensus, compromise, and coalition) enabled it to fare well, ultimately prodding the party to adapt and reposition itself intellectually and politically. Keywords: Ennahda party; Islamism; Muslim brotherhood; post-Islamism; political Islam; Rached Citation: Ben Lazreg, Houssem. Ghannouchi 2021. -
Egypt - African Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
Egypt - African Studies - Oxford Bibliographies https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199846... Egypt Farha Ghannam LAST REVIEWED: 06 MAY 2016 LAST MODIFIED: 30 SEPTEMBER 2013 DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199846733-0076 Introduction The Arab Republic of Egypt, with around 85 million inhabitants, is the second most populous African country. Located mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula stretching into Asia, and bordering the Mediterranean (north), the Red Sea (east), Sudan (south), Libya (west), and the Gaza Strip and Israel (northeast), Egypt covers an area of approximately 387,000 square miles. Most of this area is desert, so the population tends to be concentered in the fertile land in the Delta and around the banks of the Nile. Roughly 43 percent of the population is urban, with Cairo being the largest city in the country. Most of Egypt’s population is Sunni Muslim, with 10 to 12 percent Coptic Christian. Egypt was occupied by the British from 1882 until 1922. Modern Egypt became a republic after the 1952 revolution, led by a group of young Egyptian military officers (the Free Officers), ended the rule of monarchy and the de facto British control of the country. Since then and until 2012, Egypt has been ruled by three presidents, all of whom were strongly affiliated with the army and who exercised tremendous power. After the 25 January 2011 Revolution, Egypt has moved to the direct election of the president, currently Muhammad Morsi, who is affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. General Overviews Egypt has been the center of numerous studies that explored its very long history and dynamic political, social, and cultural systems. -
Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37111 – Kifaya Movement –
Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37111 – Kifaya Movement – Muslim Brothers – Ghad Party – Demonstrations – Tahrir Square – Political activists – Internal Security files – Employment – Police – Kuwait – Citizenship 24 August 2010 1. Please provide information on the Kifaya Movement and the treatment of known supporters of this movement in Egypt. The following information was located on the Kifaya Movement or Kefaya movement in Egypt. The idea to form the ‗Egyptian Movement for Change‘ (Al-Haraka al-Masriyya min ajli ‘l-Taghyir), also known by its slogan Kifaya! (Enough!), was made at a meeting held in November 2003. The meeting, attended by Communists, Islamists, Nasserists and Liberals, was in relation to Egypt‘s 2005 presidential and parliamentary elections. A seven member steering committee was set up and following further discussions in the first eight months of 2004, Kifaya made public ―a declaration, signed by some 300 intellectuals, academics, artists, students, workers and farmers‖. On 21 September 2004, the declaration was debated at a conference in Cairo which was timed to coincide with the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) annual conference. The name the Egyptian Movement for Change was adopted by the conference and 35 activists were chosen to organise the movement. Seven of the activists were responsible for day-to-day activity.1 A paper dated May 2007 describes Kifaya ―as an unconventional protest movement that came to symbolize democratic dynamism in Egypt.‖ According to the paper: Established in 2004 by leftist politicians as a broad opposition alliance, Kifaya emerged before the 2005 elections as an unconventional protest movement that came to symbolize democratic dynamism in Egypt. -
"Kefaya" – an Egyptian Movement for Change
The Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 1 Article 6 12-31-2005 "Kefaya" – An Egyptian Movement for Change Bahaa Ezzelarab [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/urje Recommended Citation Ezzelarab, Bahaa (2005) ""Kefaya" – An Egyptian Movement for Change," The Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/urje/vol1/iss1/6 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized editor of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ezzelarab: Kefaya “Kefaya” – An Egyptian Movement for Change Bahaa Ezzelarab Bahaa Ezzelarab is an AUC student who graduated from the German School in Cairo. He is interested in the human aspect of politics, or in the effect of politics on the day-to-day lives of people. Abstract: KEFAYA is a word Egyptians might get accustomed to in the coming period. Everyone agrees that Reform is desirable and necessary, yet almost everyone disagrees about what should be reformed and how reform should occur. This paper deals more with domestic calls for reform, focusing on Gamal Mubarak as the bet of the Egyptian government and the Egyptian Movement for Change – a.k.a. KEFAYA - as the representative of other reform-seekers. Through comparing them both, the paper will assess which party intends or has better chances of achieving desired levels of reform. Introduction In late January 2005, President Mubarak headed to Abuja in Nigeria to attend a summit.