37th Annual Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair

Fair Program

March 7, 2018 John Paul Jones Arena University of Virginia

www.vprsf.org © 1995-2018 Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair, Inc. a 501c(3) tax exempt non-profit organization

Table of Contents

Welcome ...... 1 What is the Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair? ...... 2 Why The Fair Is Important ...... 2 Awards ...... 4 Divisions ...... 4 Categories ...... 4 Winners Advance ...... 4 Schedule of the Fair ...... 5 Sponsors ...... 6 Gold Sponsors ...... 6 Silver Sponsors ...... 6 Category Sponsors ...... 7 In Kind Sponsors ...... 7 Volunteers...... 8 2017 Board of Directors ...... 9 2017 Fair Committee ...... 9 Special Awards ...... 10

Schools ...... 16

Category Descriptions ...... 19

Junior Division Projects ...... 22

Senior Division Projects ...... 62

For post Fair information visit our website at www.vprsf.org.

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Congratulations to all 2018 Science Fair Participants!

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Welcome to the 2018 VIRGINIA PIEDMONT REGIONAL SCIENCE FAIR

Welcome to the 37th Annual Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair! Science has been a part of my life since the 6th grade when my model of a nuclear reactor won first prize at my elementary school science fair. That experience ignited my interest in science so much that I continued my education in the sciences through college and career, and I believe the Regional Fair has the potential to have the same effect on our region’s bright young students.

A science fair is a competition in which students exhibit and demonstrate their projects to the judges and the public. The science fair serves several purposes: it stimulates in young people an active interest in science and engineering; it provides an educational experience to students in addition to the classroom through exposure to mentors, judges and the public; and it provides a forum for talented students to interact with peers with similar interests and to receive public recognition for their work. This year we invite students to share their experiences in real time using Facebook and Twitter. We hope our students’ science fair experience contributes to their decision to enter a science or engineering profession and that the relationships they forge through their Fair experience will prosper for years to come.

On behalf of our organization, let me take this opportunity to congratulate all the participating students from our region. This year, over 400 students from our Region have worked diligently to prepare projects involving mathematic, scientific or engineering principles. Although certain students will be singled out for special recognition, every participating student is a winner. We would like to thank the parents and teachers of these students for their support. We know that without the guidance and encouragement of parents, and the dedication and skills of teachers and mentors, our students could not carry out their projects to successful completion.

We sincerely thank our sponsors and volunteers for their support of our region’s young students. Your contributions will encourage their continued interest and involvement in the sciences and engineering and recognize their discovery and learning through competing in our Regional Science Fair.

We also appreciate your attendance. Your presence confirms the importance of this event and of the educational achievements of our youth.

We hope to see you here again next year. Congratulations and best of luck to all our students!

Adrian Felts Fair Director

2018 Program 1 www.vprsf.org

What is the Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair? The Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair is an opportunity for students interested in the science and engineering fields to earn recognition and participate in an inspiring learning experience. The Fair is affiliated with the International Science and Engineering Fair and is open to all 6th – 12th grade students in the Piedmont Region.

Students compete in their school fairs where projects are selected to participate in our Regional Fair. At our fair they are interviewed by a panel of volunteer judges who are often from a scientific or engineering field themselves. The winners are announced the evening of the Fair.

Why The Fair Is Important Much more than a competition, the Virginia Piedmont Regional Science Fair is an educational and motivating experience for the students. Your involvement as a teacher, mentor, sponsor or volunteer is an opportunity to encourage young people who have already begun to show serious interest in science and engineering. Math, science and engineering have long been identified as critical skill development areas by state and federal government. Today, China and India graduate 14 engineers for every one graduated in the USA. With your support the Fair can help inspire many of our students to pursue careers in science or engineering and keep the USA competitive internationally.

Students from Piedmont Virginia representing more than thirty different schools from over a dozen school divisions are eligible. Middle School students (Junior Division) and High School students (Senior Division) are judged separately in each of 17 science and engineering categories.

Albemarle, Culpeper, Fluvanna, Greene, King George, Louisa, Madison, Nelson, Orange, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, and Stafford counties are in the Science Fair region. The Fair is open to students in public, private, parochial and home schools in the region. We welcome the participation of all 6th through 12th grade students in our region even when their school does not include the Fair in their science program.

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Awards Our philosophy is that all students who participate in the science fair are winners. School programs are strengthened by students doing independent projects, developing displays, having work judged by professionals, sharing similar interests with other students, competing for awards, and receiving recognition for their academic work.  First, second and third place are awarded in each category and division.  More than 100 special awards are presented by more than 30 organizations. Divisions  Junior Division – students in grades 6 through 8 (J-series of exhibits).  Senior Division – students in grades 9 through 12 (S-series of exhibits). Categories  Categories in the Senior Division are in accord with ISEF categories.  Categories in the Junior Division are the same as the Senior Division.

Junior Division Senior Division J01 Animal Sciences S01 Animal Sciences J02 Behavioral & Social Sciences S02 Behavioral & Social Sciences J03 Biochemistry S03 Biochemistry J04 Cellular & Molecular Biology S04 Cellular & Molecular Biology J05 Chemistry S05 Chemistry J06 Computer Science S06 Computer Science J07 Earth & Planetary Science S07 Earth & Planetary Science J08 Engineering: Materials & Bioengineering S08 Engineering: Materials & Bioengineering J09 Engineering: Electrical & Mechanical S09 Engineering: Electrical & Mechanical J10 Energy & Transportation S10 Energy & Transportation J11 Environmental Management S11 Environmental Management J12 Environmental Sciences S12 Environmental Sciences J13 Mathematical Sciences S13 Mathematical Sciences J14 Medicine & Health Sciences S14 Medicine & Health Sciences J15 Microbiology S15 Microbiology J16 Physics & Astronomy S16 Physics & Astronomy J17 Plant Sciences S17 Plant Sciences

Winners Advance  Two Senior Division Grand Award Winners win all expenses-paid entry and travel to the Intel International Science & Engineering Fair in Pittsburg, PA from May 7-11, where they will compete for over $3 million in awards and scholarships.  Each Senior Division 1st Place Category Winner is invited to advance to the Virginia State Science & Engineering Fair, April 13-14 at VA Tech Carillion Medical School in Roanoke, VA. An email with instructions for entering will be sent to all Senior Division 1st place winners after the VPRSF.  Each Junior Division 1st Place Category Winner are eligible to participate in the SSP Broadcom MASTERS (Math, Applied Science, Technology and Engineering for Rising Stars). Each winner will be provided with a Broadcom MASTERS entry packet with their award certificate.

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Schedule of the Fair Wednesday, March 7 8:00 - 9:30 Student registration and setup information Inside West Entrance 8:00 - 8:45 Volunteer / Judge registration Press Room 9:00 - 9:30 Judge Orientation Courtside Club 9:45 - 10:00 Orientation assembly for students Section 108 10:00 - 2:30 Judging, Please wait for release by a Fair Official that judging has finished for your category! More time may be needed to complete judging.

Students lunch times will be staggered as follows:

11:30 – 12:15 J01 Animal Science J02 Behavioral & Social Sciences J03 Biochemistry J04 Cellular & Molecular Biology J05 Chemistry J06 Computer Science J07 Earth & Planetary Science J08 Engineering: Materials & Bioengineering J09 Engineering: Electrical & Mechanical

12:00 – 12:45 J10 Energy & Transportation J11 Environmental Analysis J12 Environmental Management J13 Mathematical Science J14 Medicine & Health Sciences J15 Microbiology J16 Physics & Astronomy J17 Plant Science

12:45 – 1:30 All Senior Division Projects

2:30 – 5:30 Public viewing of projects

5:45 – 7:00 Awards Ceremony Section 108

Awards will be posted on our website at www.vprsf.org/

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Sponsors We want to thank our sponsors for their support that makes the fair possible.

Gold Sponsors

• Battelle Charlottesville Operations

Battelle (www.battelle.org) is a global science and technology enterprise that develops and commercializes technology and manages laboratories for customers. Headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, it has a vast science and technology reach. With the national labs it manages or co-manages, it oversees 20,000 staff members and conducts $6 billion in annual research and development.

Silver Sponsors

• Booz Allen Hamilton

Booz Allen Hamilton (www.bah.com) is a leading provider of management and technology consulting services to the US government in defense, intelligence, and civil markets, and to major corporations, institutions, and not-for-profit organizations. Booz Allen is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, employs more than 25,000 people, and had revenue of $5.59 billion for the 12 months ended March 31, 2011.

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Category Sponsors

Biochemistry Signature Science, LLC

Cellular & Molecular Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia

Chemistry Piedmont Virginia Community College

Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering R Cubed Group

Energy & Transportation Carole and Burke Baker, III

Environmental Science Carole and Burke Baker, III

In Kind Sponsors Judging Solicitation, Preparation, Administration ― GF Henry and Associates Project Planning and Fair Management – Centridian, LLC Registration Site, Website Development – Tech Dynamism Office Host ― Charlottesville Technology Incubator

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2018 Volunteers We could not conduct the Fair without the many volunteers who devote the better part of a day to helping us and our region’s students. Those volunteers that registered in advance of this printing are listed here.

Judges Ray Axdorff Elayna Ciuzio Wenfan Ke Jeremy Shaw John Fuller Corey Cleland Erica Keller Natasha Sheybani Rich Hepner Aspen Clements Sarah Kim Laura Sipe Lance Holland Colleen Corey Rebecca Latimer Ryan Sivek Cynthia Landon Cisco Del Carmen Thad Lewis Rebecca Skelton Chuck Lewis Karina Luiza Dias Teixeira Emma Lewis Pooja Sonavane Tucker Moore Richard Drumm Yani Liaskos Helen Sporkin Eric Rice Richard Drumm Terry Lilly Sean Stanford Dennis Wenk Mark Dulli Andy Lipnicky Jason Suckstorff Stacy Agar Timothy Dvorak Jessica Little Vincent Sulkosky Redouane Aherrahrou Jason Edwards Deborah Luzader Chester Szwejkowski Sonya Allen Jason Edwards Duane Armell Macatangay John Tomko Erick Altamiranda Dan Erchul John Maddison Amber Ulbrich Abigail Antoine Priscilla Erickson Nabanita Majumdar Al Underwood Heather Arquitt Adam Fallon Jeff Mangum Daniel Vavrick Arlie Bagley Lucie Feneant Ram Marri Erin Voss Michael Balazs Dwight Fitz Simons Michael Mc Grath Billie Wang David Barlow Cailey Fitzgerald Karin Mc Neely Tiffany Wang Chris Beiter Barb Geiger Lisa Mitchem Rob Warner Maura Belanger Matthew Gerber Shaun Moshasha Anna Way Kimberly Berglund Tobias Gerken Sarbajeet Nagdas Erin Weddle David Berglund George Gillies Sara Nitcher Akeem Wells Rachana Bhave Daniel Gioeli Tori Osinski Corey Williams Derek Bivona Gene Godbold Rahul Patel Eric Willis Ed Blackman Adam Greene Jennifer Pearson Doris Wong Heather Blanch Stephanie Guertin Nicholas Pilipowskyj Norman Woolworth April Bly Monnen Kyle Hable Jeff Pixton Shannon Zelitch Tom Booth Michael Hague Erich Purpur Ellen Bradley Andrew Hale Asma Qureshi Jim Bradley Riley Hannan Timothy Raines Richard Bradley Brian Hobbs Vidisha Raje

Wanetta Burgess Casandra Hoffman Michael Rein

James Busi Marty Holdren Donald Brent Rodgers Napoleon Butler John Hott Michael Rosene Monica Carley Spencer Mariya Hudick Morgan Salmon Liam Cattell Michael Humphrey David Schneider

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2018 Board of Directors

Gary Henry Chairman, G F Henry and Associates Adrian Felts Vice Chairman, Centridian Brenda Kovarik Treasurer, Charlottesville City Schools, Retired Anne Deane Safety Review Chair, Tandem Friends School Don Foss Teacher Liaison, Albemarle County School Teacher, Retired Se Jeong Awards Inventor, UVA Graduate Student and past Fair winner

2018 Fair Committee

Adrian Felts Fair Director, Centridian, LLC Brenda Kovarik Assistant Fair Director, Charlottesville City Schools (Retired) Anne Deane Safety Review Committee, Tandem Friends School Gary Henry Director Emeritus, G F Henry and Associates Geri Sauls Safety Review Committee, DVM Joy Ting Safety Review Committee, The Covenant School Terry Lilly National Ground Intelligence Center Shannon Zelitch National Ground Intelligence Center Suzanne Henry Four Leaf Public Relations Michael Pratte Stafford County Schools Jason Daniel Tech Dynamism

2018 Teacher Volunteers Susan Easter Michelle Egan Kirsten Fuoti Tee Hicks Carol Korth Susan McGinnis Jeff Prillaman Kim Taylor Gina Tuck

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Special Awards

Sponsor Award Prize

Albemarle Amateur Radio Club Albemarle Amateur Radio Certificate and book. Club Award (#1) Albemarle Amateur Radio Club Albemarle Amateur Radio Certificate and book. Club Award(#2) Amber Ulbrich Change the World Award $200, certificate, letter American Meteorological American Meteorological Certificate Society Society Award #1 American Meteorological American Meteorological Certificate Society Society Award #2 American Psychological American Psychological Certificate Association Association Award Arizona State University - Rob & A S U Walton Sustainability Certificate and chance to win trip Melani Walton Sustainability Award (#1) to Sustainability Solutions Solutions Initiatives Festival Arizona State University - Rob & A S U Walton Sustainability Certificate and chance to win trip Melani Walton Sustainability Award (#2) to Sustainability Solutions Solutions Initiatives Festival ASM Material Education A S M Materials Education Certificate & Medallion Foundation Foundation Award Association for Women Association for Women Certificate and Acceptance Form Geoscientists Geoscientists Award Battelle Memorial Institute Battelle Innovation Award $500 & Plaque Booz Allen Hamilton Booz Allen Hamilton Trophy & $300 Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J01) Certificate & Entry Booklet Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J02) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J03) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J04) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J05) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J06) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J07) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J08) Certificate & entry booklet.

10 Sponsor Award Prize

Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J09) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J10) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J11) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J12) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J13) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J14) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J15) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J16) Certificate & entry booklet. Broadcom MASTERS Broadcom MASTERS (J17) Certificate & entry booklet. Charlottesville Astronomical Charlottesville Astronomical Certificate & a custom built Society Society Award (Junior) Dobsonian telescope and the book "Turn left at Orion." Charlottesville Astronomical Charlottesville Astronomical Certificate & a custom built Society Society Award (Senior) Dobsonian telescope and the book "Turn left at Orion." Horses in Action Foundation Horses in Action Foundation Free horseback riding lessons. Award (1st) Horses in Action Foundation Horses in Action Foundation Free horseback riding lessons. Award (2nd) Horses in Action Foundation Horses in Action Foundation Free horseback riding lessons. Award (3rd) Intel Intel Excellence in Computer Certificate & $200 Science Award International Sustainable World I S W E E E P Special Award Certificate & entry packet. Energy Engineering (#1) Environment Project Olympiad ISWEEEP provides hotel, (ISWEEEP) breakfasts, some lunches, local transportation, and org fees. Does not include travel to the event or dinners. International Sustainable World I S W E E E P Special Award Certificate & entry packet. Energy Engineering (#2) Environment Project Olympiad ISWEEEP provides hotel, (ISWEEEP) breakfasts, some lunches, local transportation, and org fees. Does not include travel to the event or dinners.

11 Sponsor Award Prize

Mu Alpha Theta, the National Mu Alpha Theta Award Certificate and acceptance form High School and Two-Year College Mathematics Honor Society NASA NASA Earth System Science Certificate Award National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and medallion. Center Center Best of Show Award National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Engineering Award (Junior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Engineering Award (Junior 2) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Engineering Award (Senior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Environmental Sciences Award (Junior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook Center Center Life Sciences Award (Junior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Mathematics and Computer Sciences Award (Senior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Physical Sciences Award (Junior 1) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Physical Sciences Award (Junior 2) National Ground Intelligence National Ground Intelligence Certificate and notebook. Center Center Physical Sciences Award (Senior 1) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate Naval Science Award (Junior 1)

12 Sponsor Award Prize

Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate Naval Science Award (Junior 2) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate Naval Science Award (Junior 3) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate Naval Science Award (Junior 4) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate Naval Science Award (Junior 5) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate, $50 Naval Science Award (Senior 1) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate, $50 Naval Science Award (Senior 2) Naval Science Award Program Office of Naval Research Medallion, certificate, $50 Naval Science Award (Senior 3) Ricoh Americas Corporation RICOH Sustainable Certificate Development Award Society for In Vitro Biology Society For In Vitro Biology Certificate and acceptance form Award (11th grade only) A formal letter of congratulations will be sent and publicity of his/her achievement will be included in the society’s newsletter on their website at http://www.sivb.org. In addition, it is possible that the recipient will be contacted by our society and invited to submit an abstract of their work to our annual meeting. U.S. Metric Association U. S. Metric Award Certificate United States Air Force Air Force Award (Senior 1) Backpack, computer accessories kit, and Certificate United States Air Force Air Force Award (Senior 2) Backpack, computer accessories kit, and Certificate

13 Sponsor Award Prize

United States Air Force Air Force Award (Senior 3) Backpack, computer accessories kit, and Certificate United States Department of Taking the Pulse of the Planet Certificate & Medallion Commerce, Office of the Under Award (NOAA) Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #1) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #2) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #3) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #4) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #5) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #6) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (No Teams #7) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, (Team Award) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Dental Association Virginia Dental Association Certificate, career information, Grand Award (No Teams) ADA Journal Reprint. Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Virginia Lakes & Watersheds $50 Target Gift Card ($30 for Association Award (Junior) team members) Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Virginia Lakes & Watersheds $100 Target Gift Card ($75 for Association Award (Senior) team members) Virginia Piedmont Regional Create a Healthful World Certificate. Science Fair Award Virginia Piedmont Regional Food Scientist Award Certificate. Science Fair (Nutrition Award) Virginia Piedmont Regional Household Scientist Award Certificate. Science Fair Virginia Piedmont Regional Hybrid/Interdisciplinary Certificate. Science Fair Scientist Award

14 Sponsor Award Prize

Virginia Piedmont Regional Next Engineer Award Certificate Science Fair Virginia Piedmont Regional Next Thomas Edison Award Certificate. Science Fair Virginia Piedmont Regional Promising/Future Certificate. Science Fair Environmentalist Award Virginia Piedmont Regional Social Science Award Certificate. Science Fair Virginia Piedmont Regional Why Didn't I Think of This Certificate. Science Fair Award Water Environment Federation Stockholm Junior Water Prize Stockholm Junior Water Prize; #1 Certificate and advancement to State/Stockholm competition Water Environment Federation Stockholm Junior Water Prize Stockholm Junior Water Prize; #2 Certificate and advancement to State/Stockholm competition Yale Science & Engineering Yale Science & Engineering Preliminary Certificate and Association Association Award (11th website for receiving formal grade only) award certificate and medallion.

http://physics.gcsu.edu/Yale

Student must go to site no later than 30 May of the Fair year. A formal award certificate, suitable for framing, and a pewter medallion will be forwarded directly to the recipient(s) by the end of September.

15 Schools

County School Projects Teachers

Albemarle Sutherland 16 Diana McCullough, Erin Percival, Beth Evans County Middle School Albemarle Western 5 Carol Stutzman County Albermarle High School Albemarle Albemarle High 29 Kirsten Fuoti County School Culpeper Culpeper Middle 8 Nicole Harmon County School Home Classical 15 Denise Jasso, Lisa Cooper , Lisa Pechacek, Lisa School Conversations Courtney, Angie Henriksen, Gina Tuck, Victoria Arcement, Cyndra Kerley, Adela Wilson, Amy Thompson, Jayme Hennessy, Susan Dahlberg Home Home School 3 Jane Range, Amy Quann School Home Hope2 1 Christine Nerney School Home Home School 1 Joyia Rinker School Coop Independent Peabody School 1 Kristopher Chain /Private Independent Charlottesville 12 Lauren Cabrera /Private Catholic School Independent Village School 10 Kimberly Taylor /Private Independent The Covenant 15 Sarah Green /Private School Independent Saint Annes- 1 Benjamin Cohen /Private Belfield King George King George 20 Sheri Sanders County Middle School Louisa Louisa Middle 16 John Lenow, Gregory Palmer, Patrick Scharf, Patrick County School Scharf

16 County School Projects Teachers

Orange Prospect Heights 8 Kristen Boudreau County Middle School Orange Locust Grove 10 Dara Carter County Middle School Rappahanno Rappahannock 4 Elaine Frank ck County Middle School Spotsylvania Spotsylvania 5 Alison Harper County Middle School Spotsylvania Thornburg Middle 15 Traci Fletcher County School Spotsylvania Freedom Middle 15 Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen County School Spotsylvania Chancellor Middle 10 Jaime Henning County School Spotsylvania Ni River Middle 15 Ashley Martin County School Spotsylvania Post Oak Middle 10 Elizabeth Yorio County School Spotsylvania Riverbend High 1 Trent Garrison County School Stafford A. G. Wright 13 Carol Korth, Tammy Dziekowicz, Crystal County Middle School Radziszewski, Kyle Oltman, Ellen Eufiema Stafford Poole Middle 15 Michele Egan County School Stafford Stafford Middle 12 Katie Hawkins, William Schlotter County School Stafford Mountain View 1 Donna deToll County High School Stafford Heim Middle 7 Jason Hicks County School Stafford Dixon-Smith 15 Suzanne Wilson County Middle School Stafford Thompson Middle 16 Courtney Quail County School Stafford Gayle Middle 9 Susan Easter County School

17 County School Projects Teachers

Stafford Drew Middle 5 Catherine Gnadt County School Stafford North Stafford 1 Todd Lewis County High School Stafford Brooke Point High 1 Dewey Reynolds County School

18 Categories

Junior Division

Animal Sciences - J01 Development, Ecology, Animal Husbandry, Pathology, Physiology, Population Genetics, Systematics, Other Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Clinical & Developmental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Physiological Psychology, Sociology, Other Biochemistry - J03 General Biochemistry, Metabolism, Structural Biochemistry, Other Cellular & Molecular Biology - J04 Cellular Biology, Cellular and Molecular, Genetics, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Other Chemistry - J05 Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, General Chemistry, Other Computer Science - J06 Algorithms, Data Bases, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Communications, Computational Science, Computer Graphics, Software Engineering, Programming Languages, Computer System, Operating System, Other Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Climatology, Weather, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Paleontology, Geophysics, Planetary Science, Tectonics, Other Energy & Transportation - J10 Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering, Aerodynamics, Alternative Fuels, Fossil Fuel Energy, Vehicle Development, Renewable Energies, Other Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Controls, Mechanical Engineering, Thermodynamics, Solar, Robotics, Other Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, Construction Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Processing Material Science, Other Environmental Management - J11 Bioremediation, Ecosystems Management, Environmental Engineering, Land Resource Management, Forestry, Recycling, Waste Management, Other Environmental Sciences - J12 Air Pollution and Air Quality, Soil Contamination and Soil Quality, Water Pollution and Water Quality, Other Mathematical Sciences - J13

19 Algebra, Analysis, Applied Mathematics, Geometry, Probability and Statistics, Other Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Epidemiology, Genetics, Molecular Biology of Diseases, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Other Microbiology - J15 Antibiotics, Antimicrobials, Bacteriology, Microbial Genetics, Virology, Other Physics & Astronomy - J16 Astronomy, Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Biological Physics, Instrumentation and Electronics, Magnetics and Electromagnetics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Optics, Lasers, Masers, Theoretical Physics, Theoretical or Computational Astronomy, Other Plant Sciences - J17 Agriculture/Agronomy, Development, Ecology, Genetics, Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology (Molecular, Cellular, Organismal), Plant Systematics, Evolution, Other

Senior Division

Animal Sciences - S01 Development, Ecology, Animal Husbandry, Pathology, Physiology, Population Genetics, Systematics, Other Behavioral & Social Sciences - S02 Clinical & Developmental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Physiological Psychology, Sociology, Other Biochemistry - S03 General Biochemistry, Metabolism, Structural Biochemistry, Other Cellular & Molecular Biology - S04 Cellular Biology, Cellular and Molecular, Genetics, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Other Chemistry - S05 Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, General Chemistry, Other Computer Science - S06 Algorithms, Data Bases, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Communications, Computational Science, Computer Graphics, Software Engineering, Programming Languages, Computer System, Operating System, Other Earth & Planetary Science - S07 Climatology, Weather, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Paleontology, Geophysics, Planetary Science, Tectonics, Other Energy & Transportation - S10 Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering, Aerodynamics, Alternative Fuels, Fossil Fuel Energy, Vehicle Development, Renewable Energies, Other Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - S09 Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Controls, Mechanical Engineering, Thermodynamics, 20 Solar, Robotics, Other Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - S08 Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, Construction Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Processing Material Science, Other Environmental Management - S11 Bioremediation, Ecosystems Management, Environmental Engineering, Land Resource Management, Forestry, Recycling, Waste Management, Other Environmental Sciences - S12 Air Pollution and Air Quality, Soil Contamination and Soil Quality, Water Pollution and Water Quality, Other Mathematical Sciences - S13 Algebra, Analysis, Applied Mathematics, Geometry, Probability and Statistics, Other Medicine & Health Sciences - S14 Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Epidemiology, Genetics, Molecular Biology of Diseases, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Other Microbiology - S15 Antibiotics, Antimicrobials, Bacteriology, Microbial Genetics, Virology, Other Physics & Astronomy - S16 Astronomy, Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Biological Physics, Instrumentation and Electronics, Magnetics and Electromagnetics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Optics, Lasers, Masers, Theoretical Physics, Theoretical or Computational Astronomy, Other Plant Sciences - S17 Agriculture/Agronomy, Development, Ecology, Genetics, Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology (Molecular, Cellular, Organismal), Plant Systematics, Evolution, Other

21 Projects

Junior Division

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0101 - How Artificial Light Affects Egg Production In Chickens Student: Sam Vandrey Teacher: Elaine Frank School: Rappahannock Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0102 - Acid Avengers Student: Kaitlyn Williams Teacher: Tammy Dziekowicz School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0103 - Finger Prince vs. Princess Student: Ava Hecker, Kelsey Barker Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0104 - Guinea Pig Maze Student: Cole Lainhoff Teacher: Alison Harper School: Spotsylvania Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0105 - Music Genre Effect on Canine Heart Rate Student: Gabriel Courtney Teacher: Lisa Courtney School: Classical Conversations

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0106 - Saddle Pad Science Student: Cambray Walmer Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0107 - The effect of leaf types on mosquito pupation Student: Kenneth Chan Teacher: Sheri Sanders

22 School: King George Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0108 - The effect of serving homemade treats verus store bought treats on cats Student: Liberty Young Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Animal Sciences - J01 Title: J0109 - Vital Signs and Video Games Student: Joseph Mcgill Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0201 - A Sonata for Your Smarts Student: Braden Sembower Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0202 - Appictions Student: Lauren Myers Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0203 - Are You Contagious? Student: Ethan Skees Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0204 - Battling Technology Addiction Student: Samuel Rosner Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0205 - Change Blind Confusion Student: Christina Accousti Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02

23 Title: J0206 - Distract And React Student: M'laya Ainsworth Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0207 - Distractions in School Student: Mackenzie Elward, Claire Banaszak Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0208 - Does age affect the ability to learn better on paper vs. screens? Student: Sara Bastianelli Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0209 - Does my heart race for video games? Student: Dylan Young Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0210 - Does Smell Impact Taste Student: Mason Nicoletti Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0211 - Fluorescent Focus Student: Julia Zimmmermann, Tzvia Feldman Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0212 - Gamer Vs. Non-Gamer, Welding Showdown ! Student: Samuel Reed Teacher: Elaine Frank School: Rappahannock Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0213 - Instant And Delayed Gratification Student: Hajer Nawabi Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School 24 Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0214 - Judge Them If You Will Student: Shelby Cottet Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0215 - Keep Calm and Carry On Student: Caroline Miller, Carolyn O'connell, Devyn Rieger Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0216 - Let's Focus On Music Student: Sabrina Van Teacher: Alison Harper School: Spotsylvania Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0217 - Lights, Timer, Reading Student: Brooke Weaver Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0218 - Memory Games Student: Jazmyn Whittingham Teacher: Carol Korth, Kyle Oltman School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0219 - Mind Over Taste Student: Matthew Warren Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0220 - Prime Time Student: Michael Foley Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0221 - Science of Silence Student: Anya Movius, Savannah Vaughan Teacher: Kimberly Taylor 25 School: Village School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0222 - The Bystander Effect Student: Dezyire Alexander Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0223 - The Doodle Effect Student: Ellie Schundler, Grey Davis, Emma Bevacqua Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0224 - The effect of blue light on sleep. Student: Shannon Good Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0225 - The Effect of the Power of Suggestion on an Individual's Response Student: Mai Huynh Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0226 - Total Recall Student: Sabrina Whearty Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0227 - What is the effect of lying on heart rate? Student: Ryland Patterson Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02 Title: J0228 - Which Cupcake Would You Chose? Student: Katelyn Duprey Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - J02

26 Title: J0229 - Which helps you study better Mnemonics or Songs? Student: Richard Oti Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0301 - Citrus Fruits and Vitamin C Student: Julia Niehaus Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0302 - Do You Eat the Food You Drop? Student: Brooklynn Goad Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0303 - From Trash to Gas: Biomass Energy Student: Carolyn Reid Teacher: Carol Korth, Kyle Oltman School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0304 - Quantifying the effects of tonicity on a cell model Student: Kayleigh Nelson Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0305 - The effect of different swimming sets on lactate thresholds Student: Kevin Mcgowan Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Biochemistry - J03 Title: J0306 - Will turmeric, curry, or cinnamon prevent the growth of bacteria and yeast? Student: Tristan Yarber Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Cellular & Molecular Biology - J04 Title: J0401 - Correlation Between Stem-Cell Microenvironment, Positive Gut Flora and Planarian Regeneration Student: William Nerney Teacher: Christine Nerney 27 School: Hope2

Category: Cellular & Molecular Biology - J04 Title: J0402 - Food Preservation Student: Mayte Vasquez Teacher: Katie Hawkins, William Schlotter School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Cellular & Molecular Biology - J04 Title: J0403 - What is the effect of human v.s. dog saliva on bacteria? Student: Erin Russell Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: The Effect of Household Chemicals on the Rate at Which Ice Melts. Student: Jacob Irmen, Cole Rozwadowski, Sean Blocker Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0501 - How Does Different Fabric Softeners Affect the Flammability of Cotton Fabric? Student: Fayth Julius Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0502 - Air Quality Student: Meleah Ognita Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0503 - Amazing Dissolving Liquids Student: Elizabeth Elsmo Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0504 - AN ATTRACTIVELY STICKY SITUATION”the measurement of magnetic slime” Student: Matt Goforth Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05

28 Title: J0505 - Antacids V.S. Acids Student: Mahati Vedula Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0506 - Are These Chips Worth Your Chomps? Student: Lillian Senkus Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0507 - Bath Bombs Student: Hailey Lamberton Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0508 - Burning with Anger Student: Kenzie Macdonald Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0509 - Chemical Reactions And Their Different Effects Student: Jamie Johnson Teacher: Catherine Gnadt School: Drew Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0510 - Clean That Coin Student: Caitlyn Kahn Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0511 - Cold As Ice Student: Kelsey Kelish Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0512 - Cool Experi-mint Student: Gabriella Cannon Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School 29 Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0513 - Corrosion Resilience Student: Grace Ha Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0514 - Cracking Cheesecakes Student: Madeline Woodard Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0515 - Creating an Inexpensive Cryogenic and High Temperature Thermometer Student: Myles Crandall, David Antrobius Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0516 - Dangers in Your Water Student: Jacob Cannon Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0517 - Dissolving Suckers Student: Cole Kozura Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0518 - Effect of Saltwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration of the Dissolution of Calcium Carbonate Student: Grace hannah Buck Teacher: Gregory Palmer School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0519 - Effect of Temperature on a Liquid's Viscosity Student: Andrew Green Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0520 - Essential Oils v.s. Petrochemicals Student: Brooke Stafira 30 Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0521 - Flammable Fabrics Student: Annalena Gibson Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0522 - Getting to the "tooth" of the matter Student: Fabiana Digiovanni Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0523 - How Do Different Substances Affect the Rate of Corrosion? Student: William Brooks Teacher: Alison Harper School: Spotsylvania Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0524 - How do the Ingredients in Bath Bombs Effect Their Fizziness? Student: Phoebe Awan Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0525 - How to turn milk into glue. Student: Isabelle Baer Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0526 - Keeping It Hot Student: Benjamin Norris Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0527 - Long Lasting???? Yeah Right!! Student: Terron Tipple Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

31 Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0528 - Lydia Gillespie Student: Lydia Gillespie Teacher: John Lenow School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0529 - More Surface is the Solution Student: Isabella Ward Teacher: John Lenow School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0530 - Pop or Not Student: Sarah Rechkemmer Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0531 - Race to Reduce Student: Danielle Wynings Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0532 - Rock Candy Rock Student: Brooke Germain Teacher: Catherine Gnadt School: Drew Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0533 - Soap Power! Student: Christopher Rogers Teacher: Catherine Gnadt School: Drew Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0534 - Some Like it Hot Student: Isabelle Peters Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0535 - The Distribution Subsitution Student: Carly Cieslowski Teacher: Kimberly Taylor 32 School: Village School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0536 - The Effect of Different Amounts of Citric Acid on Dissolving Time of a Bath Bomb Student: Julia Fountain Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0537 - The Effect of Different Cleaners on Spray Paint Removal Student: Miranda Parrish Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0538 - The Effect of Different drinks on electrolytes each drink contains Student: Nicholas Cobb Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0539 - The effect of different slime activators on slime. Student: Emily Labrie, Anna Labrie Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0541 - The Effect of Temperature on the pH of Juice Student: Izzy Labarge Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0542 - The Effect of Types of Water on Traces of Chlorine Found Student: Kaylee Peterson Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0543 - the flammability of different fabrics with fabric softener Student: Jessica Silkensen Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05

33 Title: J0544 - The Military Microwave Student: Aaron Jacobs, Gabriel Clark Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0545 - The Science of Spherification Student: Ian Larkin Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0546 - Time Flies Student: Ella Dover Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0547 - Turn the Tide with Homemade Detergents Student: Aaron Deering Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0548 - We all scream for ice cream! Student: Gifty Richmond Teacher: Gina Tuck School: Classical Conversations

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0549 - What Ingredients Cause the Tallest Reaction? Student: Hailey Gibson Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0550 - What is the effect of Al, NaOH, and H2O on the creation of H2? Student: Luke Morris Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Chemistry - J05 Title: J0551 - What Makes Ice Melt Fastest? Student: Benjamin Madsen Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School 34 Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0601 - Are Walls Weakening Your WiFi? Student: Julia Richardson, Skylar Duffy Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0602 - Can you hear me now? Student: Matthew Meyer Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0603 - Facial Recognition Augmented Reality Student: Alden Keshap Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0604 - Image Noise Student: Connor Fowlkes Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0605 - Line Follower's Best Program Student: Anastasia Tracy Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0606 - Measure of Luminance Student: Grant Egan Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0607 - Name That Author! Student: Isaac Avery Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0608 - Old Vs. New Thermal Paste: a science project about thermally conductive paste Student: Logan Brown Teacher: Sarah Green 35 School: The Covenant School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0609 - Password Breaking Student: Alexander Fuller Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0610 - Pumpkin Pi Student: Alan Li, Logan Cypser Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0611 - Pygame and Music: The Effect of Video Game Background Music Student: Zachary Ernst Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Computer Science - J06 Title: J0612 - The Reflect Effect Student: Victor Salcedo Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0701 - Erosion Student: Nicole Zapertova Teacher: Gregory Palmer School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0702 - Escape time from a dark smoke filled room Student: Ryan Williams Teacher: Elaine Frank School: Rappahannock Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0703 - Global warming Student: Connor Lewis Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07

36 Title: J0704 - Indoor windspeed against outdoor windspeed Student: Naiomi Ponce Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0705 - Life on Mars Student: Emilee Imler Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0706 - Power of Erosion Student: Nicole Morales Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0707 - Regional Differences in Water Quality Student: Samantha Quillen Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0708 - The Effect of Natural Water Filter Materials Versus Man Made Filters. Student: Michael Scavone Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0709 - Thermal Expansion Student: Autumn Morgante Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0710 - Unlocking the Gem Code Student: Rebecca Pratte Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0711 - What is the Best Soil to Grow Plants? Student: Taryn Paulsen Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School 37 Category: Earth & Planetary Science - J07 Title: J0712 - Zero Gravity Student: Mirabel Divita Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: Paper Airplane Launch Student: Scott Clore, Adrian Anderson, Robert Carroll Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0801 - A "Steely" Rust Protectant Student: Skylar Ruggeri Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0802 - Catch Me If You Can Student: Keegan Kaczmar Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0803 - Composite vs. Aluminum (softball bats) Student: Allison Downin Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0804 - Effect of Different Materials on Sound Student: Camden Luzier Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0805 - Fluidized air bed Student: Will Johnson Teacher: Beth Evans School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0806 - How Does Surface Temperature Affect the Visibility of Fingerprints? Student: Hannah Lowery Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen 38 School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0807 - Keep Dancing on Pointé Student: Charlotte Caldejon Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0809 - Perfect Pocket Student: Alexander Pechacek Teacher: Lisa Pechacek School: Classical Conversations

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0810 - Scooping Up a Solution to Stall Cleaning Issues Student: Caroline Booker Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0811 - The Best Way To Beat The Wind Student: Pamela Green Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0812 - The effect of arrow weight on accuracy Student: Richie Fredenburgh Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0813 - The Effect of Different Materials on the Efficiency of Solar Panels Student: Marianna Rivera-diaz Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0814 - The Effect of Different Models of a Prosthetic Hand on the Amount of Human Task it can Perform Student: Clifford Aitkens Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

39 Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0815 - The effect of the number of walls a structure has on its stability Student: Reilly Bonham, Katie Manley, Sophia Yu Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0816 - The Effect of Throwing Style on Accuracy Student: Regan Bestick Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0817 - The Fault with Salt Student: Dorothy Briggs Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0818 - The Finsert Student: Preston Hutter Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0819 - The Viscosity of Liquids Student: Sage House Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0820 - The Wonderful World of Drywall Fasteners Student: Mason Armentrout Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0821 - What A Drag Student: Danny Gibbs Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0822 - What Are The Holes On A Whiffle Ball For? Student: Hayden Rue Teacher: Carol Korth 40 School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - J08 Title: J0823 - Which House Dissipates Warm Air Faster? Student: Adam Wroblewski Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0901 - 3D-Printed Solar-powered Drone Student: Jacob King, Jacob Mayo, Adam Schantz Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0902 - Aerodynamics: Not A Drag! Student: Walker Berndt Teacher: Alison Harper School: Spotsylvania Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0903 - Blocking Radio Wave Signals Student: Isabel Salzano Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0904 - Carburetor vs Electronic Fuel Injection On Atv Motor Student: Caleb Caison Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0905 - Drone Cannon Student: Autumn Rhea Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0906 - Earthquake Troubles Student: Gabriel Gotthardt Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09

41 Title: J0907 - Efficient Power Generation Based on Blade Angle Student: Lucas Umberger Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0908 - Factors that Affect Building Stability Against Wind Loads Student: Caiden Davenport Teacher: Gregory Palmer School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0909 - LED Traffic Glove Student: Bobby Wilson Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0910 - Let It Fly? Student: Joseph Edwards Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0911 - Let it Shine Student: Gabriella Walicek Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0912 - Light It Up Student: Michael Cooper Teacher: Lisa Cooper School: Classical Conversations

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0913 - Medieval Siege Student: Logan Smith Teacher: Gina Tuck School: Classical Conversations

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0914 - Moving Made Easy Student: Matthew Knowles Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School 42 Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0915 - No Plug? No Problem! Student: Pauline Gineste Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0916 - Parabola Paradox Student: Seth Sexton Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0917 - Secondary Warning System for Rumble Strip Lines Student: Erik Long Teacher: Beth Evans School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0918 - Shake 'N Shine: Electromagnetic Induction Student: Christian Henriksen Teacher: Angie Henriksen School: Classical Conversations

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0919 - Shaking It Up Student: Leah Perdue Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0920 - Siege The Day Student: Kellina Brennan Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0921 - solar cooker Student: Sameer Singh Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0922 - Stay Warm Student: Johana Rodriguez Teacher: Jaime Henning 43 School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0923 - The Effect of Different Size of Rotor Wing on the Amount of Energy Student: Eliane itzel Pineiro-ramirez Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0924 - The Effect of Light Color on Solar Panel Output Student: Jack Hauger Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - J09 Title: J0925 - Wing Shape, Elliptical vs. Square Student: Tristan Range Teacher: Jane Range School: Classical Conversations

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1001 - Aerodynamic of Cars Student: Jacob Atienza Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1002 - Bicycle Helmets, What A Drag Student: Andrew Le Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1003 - Bio-briquettes Student: William Smith Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1004 - Burn Smarter Not Harder Student: Jack Thompson Teacher: Amy Thompson School: Home School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10

44 Title: J1005 - How Airfoil Heights Affect Lift Generated Student: Ryan Catullo Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1006 - How Does Temperature Affect Batteries? Student: Morgan Moore Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1007 - Impact of wing shapes on rocket flight Student: Garrett Peck Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1008 - Keep Calm and Fly on Student: Braeden Weiss Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1009 - Let's Glide into Science Student: Matthew Hutson, William Ellwood, Joshua Zhang Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1010 - Making the Call: Measuring RF Radiation from a Cell Phone Under Varying Conditions Student: Blake Fairbanks Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1011 - Oxyhydrogen: The Fuel of the Future Student: Sam Mccune, Josh Player Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1012 - Oxyhydrogen: The Fuel OF The Future Student: Sam Mccune Teacher: Erin Percival 45 School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1013 - Potential Cost Savings for Maglev Trains Student: Jason Ransom Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1014 - Racing Boats; how a boat's bow affects its drag resistance Student: Addison Dempsey Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1015 - Rocket Science Student: Coleson Herron Teacher: Angie Henriksen School: Classical Conversations

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1016 - Stirling engines; the effect of fuel type on engine efficiency. Student: Stuart Gallihugh Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1017 - Super Solar Savings Student: William Mott Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1018 - Truss Bridges Student: Brooklyn Oster Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1019 - What is the effect of the salinity of water on the energy transferred in a turbine Student: Zach Kovats Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10

46 Title: J1020 - What Material Makes the Best Rocket Streamer? Student: Megan Gumaer Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1021 - Which Battery Brand Lasts The Longest Student: Kyle Nguyen Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Energy & Transportation - J10 Title: J1022 - Wing Angels Student: Calvyn Campbell Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1101 - Can You Take the Heat Student: Carter Knight Teacher: John Lenow School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1102 - Erosion Prevention Student: Alec Amador Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1103 - Eutrophication Meets its Nightmare Student: Akeakamai Spicer Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1104 - Filtering Force Student: Cameron Biller Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1105 - Making Plant Paper Student: Brooke Mycka Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School 47 Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1106 - The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Life Student: Kiersten Hannah Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1107 - Water Purification Student: Elissa Hoyt Teacher: Gregory Palmer School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Environmental Management - J11 Title: J1108 - What is the effect of different grass patterns on erosion? Student: Sam Higgins Teacher: Sarah Green School: The Covenant School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1201 - King George County Water Investigation Student: Jackson Sample Teacher: Joyia Rinker School: Home School Coop

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1202 - A Growing Tale of Four Mediums Student: Alexander Guinn Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1203 - Bacteria Be Gone Student: Yuting Situ Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1204 - Bacteria in School Air Student: Iris Papin, Renae George, Shivani Vedhere Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1205 - Break it Down Student: Leah Wright Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio 48 School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1206 - Build a Still Dirty Water Can Kill Student: Nathan Quann Teacher: Amy Quann School: Home School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1207 - Carbon Dioxide’s Effect on Global Temperature Student: Kendall Hyer Teacher: Gregory Palmer School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1208 - Effects of Acid Rain on Pea Plants Student: William Bennett Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1209 - Fighting Algae with Algae Student: Daniel Fordham Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1210 - Global Warming: A Heated Topic Student: Caroline Devine Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1211 - Natural Tank VS Artificial Tank Student: Arwen Downum Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1212 - Plant Cells vs. De-Icers Student: Noor Zakriya Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12

49 Title: J1213 - Plants- A Windy Situation Student: Cassie Urann Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1214 - Safe Sediment Student: Nora Hartung, Kellylynn Brennan Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1215 - Seed germination in acid rain Student: Mackenzie Buckley Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1216 - Soil and pH Student: Jude Melton Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1217 - Soil Erosion Student: Esther Whittington Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1218 - Tapping into Water Student: Ryan Katstra, Micah Skadeon Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1219 - The Effects of Dishwashing Soap on the Environment Student: Emma Wunderly Teacher: Crystal Radziszewski, Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1220 - Which type of soil affects the pH of water the most Student: Amalie Spencer-hamm Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School 50 Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1221 - Why Grass Matters? Student: Patrick Berkery Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Environmental Sciences - J12 Title: J1222 - Wind Energy Student: Arlenne Simbana Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: The Big Baller Bot Student: Michael Hermes, Mason Brooking Teacher: Kristen Boudreau School: Prospect Heights Middle School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: J1301 - Are M&M's Actually Unpredictable Student: Kylie Callahan Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: J1302 - How do certain types of bracing on a building affect how well it withstands to earthquakes? Student: Cormac Allen, Jason Breen, Henry Barcia Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: J1303 - Limiting Fertility Rates To Slow The Human Population's Growth Rate Student: Kyle Reviello Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: J1304 - Solar Sausages Student: Elizabeth Jackson Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - J13 Title: J1306 - The Science Behind MLB Sluggers Student: Nic Muratore 51 Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1401 - The Effect of Antigens on Determining a Successful Blood Transfusion Student: Joshua Mamea Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1402 - Cell Phone Radiation Student: Sean Wilson Teacher: Adela Wilson School: Classical Conversations

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1403 - Charcoal VS. Toothpaste Student: Thai'rah Foote Teacher: Catherine Gnadt School: Drew Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1404 - Cooling In Combat Student: Lauren Doty Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1405 - EFFECT OF DOGS ON BLOOD PRESSURE Student: Maya Obenhein Teacher: Traci Fletcher School: Thornburg Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1406 - Hold It Together Student: Renee Adel Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1407 - Honey, Where's my Sugar Student: Emaad Zakriya Teacher: Susan Easter School: Gayle Middle School

52 Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1408 - How Long it Takes a Dog to Detect a Scent Student: Kailtlyn Clark Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1409 - Obsess or Distress Student: Eloise Weary, Pia Zuffoletti Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1410 - Pills In Space Student: Alexis Haskins, Nina Boligitz Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1411 - Putting The Moist in Moisturizer Student: Chase Lindal Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1412 - Putting the Pep Back in Pop Student: Iris Susen, Kayleigh Long Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1413 - Sound Pitch Student: Aidan Robles, Jonah Unruh Teacher: Catherine Gnadt School: Drew Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1414 - Are Microwaves Harmful? Student: Jasmine White Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1415 - The Effect of Different Exercise Types on Calories Burned and Rate of Perceived Exertion Student: Kaitlyn Bestick 53 Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1416 - The Impact Drinks Have on Sleep Student: Caroline O'rourke, Kayleigh Kalagher Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1417 - Wash Your Hands Student: Maxwell Myers Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1418 - What really ZAPS that ZIT? Student: Olivia Stocks Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - J14 Title: J1419 - Which Moisturizer Keeps Skin the Most Moist Student: Katie Dawson Teacher: Denise Jasso School: Classical Conversations

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1501 - Antibacterial vs. Regular Soap Student: Jordan Atwell-purcell Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1502 - Bacteria in a Local K-8 School: Quantity, Type, and Response to Cleaning Products Student: James Henter Teacher: Kristopher Chain School: Peabody School

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1503 - Germ Infested Food? Student: Katherine Zendek Teacher: Carol Korth, Kyle Oltman School: A. G. Wright Middle School

54 Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1504 - Men vs Women. Who is Cleaner? Student: Katherine Buckman Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1505 - The 5 Second Rule Fact or Fiction? Student: Daniel Jackson Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1506 - The Effect of Different Surfaces on Bacteria Growth Student: Rand Hasan, Alia Konold, Jacqueline Joyce Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1507 - What's in Your Water? Student: Josiah Kerley Teacher: Cyndra Kerley School: Classical Conversations

Category: Microbiology - J15 Title: J1508 - Which is More Effective at Killing Bacteria, Antibacterial Liquid Soap or Hand Sanitizer? Student: Rachel Margelos Teacher: Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1601 - How the Strength of a Magnet Varies with Temperature Student: Austin Simmons Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1602 - Aerodynamics Student: Nicholas Luces Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1603 - Battery Power Student: Edward Rutherford 55 Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1604 - Catapult In Action Student: Areanna Jess Teacher: Linda Lapp, Mendy Owen School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1605 - Deflation: Does It Work? Student: James Patteson Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1606 - Gray Scale Effect on Energy Absorption Student: Coleman Owen Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1607 - How Wing Angle Affects The Lift of A Plane Student: Nicholas Kallay Teacher: Ashley Martin School: Ni River Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1608 - Ice Ice Baby Student: Madison Metz Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1609 - Is The Price Really Right? Student: Hannah Tse Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1610 - Magnetic Levitation Student: Emma Filkoski Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

56 Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1611 - Magnets: The Cold, Hard Truth Student: Noah Fountain Teacher: Gina Tuck School: Classical Conversations

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1612 - Model rocket fin designs Student: Daniel Hunter Teacher: Suzanne Wilson School: Dixon-Smith Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1613 - Oh Shoot Student: Elizabeth Gillespie Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1614 - On A Roll... Student: Noah Flenard Teacher: Elizabeth Yorio School: Post Oak Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1615 - Paper Airplane Aerodynamics Student: Caleb Smith Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1616 - Piezoelectric Energy Student: Faith Mccrossin Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1617 - Room Temperature Superconductors: Unobtanium or Unobtainable? Student: Beau Yates Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1618 - Shotgun Chokes Student: Jordan Wilson Teacher: Adela Wilson 57 School: Classical Conversations

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1619 - Snell's Law with Lasers Student: Andrew Behre Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1620 - The Effect of Football Air Pressure on Player Performance Student: Jake Solak, Teddy Cross Teacher: Diana McCullough, Erin Percival School: Sutherland Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1621 - The effect of rocket design on flight efficiency. Student: Abigail Dimaren-hall Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1622 - THE PLANE RACE Student: Kayla Watts Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1623 - Try a Piezo This Student: Alex Ciesielczyk Teacher: Susan Dahlberg School: Classical Conversations

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1624 - What can filter UV Rays? Student: Andrew Johnson Teacher: Jayme Hennessy School: Classical Conversations

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1625 - What Could It Frisbee Student: Gabe Sides Teacher: Alison Harper School: Spotsylvania Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16

58 Title: J1626 - What launch angle will make a projectile go the furthest distance? Student: Sean Roos Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - J16 Title: J1627 - What's the "Trebel" with Humidity? Student: Leah Knott Teacher: Nicole Harmon School: Culpeper Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1701 - Biochar: the Fertilizer of the future Student: Nicholas Plaksin Teacher: Elaine Frank School: Rappahannock Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1702 - Does Microwave Radiation Affect Plant Growth? Student: Gavin White Teacher: Linda Lapp School: Freedom Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1703 - DOES THE COLOR OF PLANTS AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF CHLOROPHYLL? Student: Madeline Bancroft Teacher: Jason Hicks School: Heim Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1704 - Effects of Microwave Radiation on Seeds Student: Natalie Pelto Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1705 - Growing Great Greens Student: Amir Muhammad Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1706 - How Does Microwave Radiation Affect Living Organisms? Student: Sophia Penton Teacher: Courtney Quail 59 School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1707 - How Microwave Radiation Affects Plant Life Student: Joshua Riutta Teacher: Katie Hawkins School: Stafford Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1708 - Hydroponics Versus Soil: Which Grows Faster? Student: Bryce Yates Teacher: Lauren Cabrera School: Charlottesville Catholic School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1709 - Hydroponics vs. Soil Student: Sam Klapak Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1710 - It's Not Easy Being Green Student: Shaelyn Frey Teacher: John Lenow School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1711 - Nitrogen Fixation; With or Without a Bacterial Boost? Student: Sarah Schulte Teacher: Patrick Scharf School: Louisa Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1712 - Not So Sweet Anymore... Student: Angelina Govoni Teacher: Courtney Quail School: Thompson Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1713 - Pigment Painting Student: Kimora Bryant Teacher: Jaime Henning School: Chancellor Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17

60 Title: J1714 - Post Traumatic Seed Growth Student: Elizabeth Richard Teacher: Sheri Sanders School: King George Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1715 - Something Fishy Student: Esme Tobias, Kristen Billings, Greer Welte Teacher: Kimberly Taylor School: Village School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1716 - Vegetable Power Student: Aidan Lundgren Teacher: Carol Korth School: A. G. Wright Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1717 - Watering Basil Student: Hannah Turner Teacher: Dara Carter School: Locust Grove Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1718 - What is the Effect of Caffeine on Plant Growth Student: Rami Ghaleb Teacher: Michele Egan School: Poole Middle School

Category: Plant Sciences - J17 Title: J1719 - Why Do Leaves Change Color in the Fall? Student: Ava Karas Teacher: Ellen Eufiema School: A. G. Wright Middle School

61 Senior Division

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - S02 Title: S0201 - Pick it Up or Leave it: Analysis of Human Behavior Towards Money on the Ground Student: David Coppi Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - S02 Title: S0202 - The Effect of Breakfast on Adolescent Memory and Attention Student: Jeremiah Louhanapessy Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - S02 Title: S0203 - The Effect of Visual and Auditory Observation on the retention of Language Student: Elly Zarzyski, Katy Haden Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Behavioral & Social Sciences - S02 Title: S0204 - The Impact of Framing on Organ Donation Student: Peyton Rieger, Natalie Heatwole Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Cellular & Molecular Biology - S04 Title: S0401 - Preserving Macromolecules Through Cooking Student: Madison Veliky Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Chemistry - S05 Title: S0501 - Can Thermosensitive Ink Work Effectively in Various Types of Paint? Student: Megan Schantz, Tess Bowles Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Chemistry - S05 Title: S0502 - Measuring Chemical Energy of Nuts through Calorimetry Student: Luke Arcement Teacher: Victoria Arcement School: Home School

Category: Chemistry - S05 62 Title: S0503 - The Reality of Artificial Photosynthesis Student: Kelsey Marks, Ethan Matthews Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Chemistry - S05 Title: S0504 - Undetected Lead in Everyday Life: Risks of Exposure Student: Reagan Burton, Evelyn Garey Teacher: Carol Stutzman School: Western Albermarle High School

Category: Computer Science - S06 Title: S0601 - Creating a Cost Efficient Victim Assessment and Location System for Emergency Response Student: Yousef Haggy Teacher: Trent Garrison School: Riverbend High School

Category: Computer Science - S06 Title: S0602 - File Carving Through Automata and PLY Student: Jesse Du Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Computer Science - S06 Title: S0603 - Project Wing: A Software That Helps At Risk Individuals Student: Shaun Sarker Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Computer Science - S06 Title: S0604 - Revealing Unseen Motion: Eulerian Magnification Applied to Live Video Student: Anders Knospe Teacher: Benjamin Cohen School: Saint Annes-Belfield

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - S07 Title: S0701 - A Novel Approach to Ending Tornado Destruction: The Effects of Dynamic Range Low-Frequency Sine Waves on the Physical Simulation of Tornado-like Vortices Student: Leia Otterstatter Teacher: Dewey Reynolds School: Brooke Point High School

Category: Earth & Planetary Science - S07 Title: S0702 - Improving Weather Forecasting by Developing a Cellular Total Lightning Detection Network 63 Student: Adah Macdonald, Julia Douvas Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - S08 Title: S0801 - Achieving Insulin Independence in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Through Islet Transportation Student: John Wu Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - S08 Title: S0802 - Can a Bio-Plastic be Created by High Concentration Starch Foods? Student: Anya Patel, Rajaah Alagib Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Engineering – Materials & Bioengineering - S08 Title: S0803 - Improving the Structural Integrity of Umbrellas Student: Kelsey Myers, Reese Quillian Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - S09 Title: S0901 - Expanding Musical Instruction Through Self-Playing Instruments Student: Joseph Lee, Robert Forsyth Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Engineering – Electrical & Mechanical - S09 Title: S0902 - Using Zero Pressure to Dry Clothes Student: Kevin Byrne Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Energy & Transportation - S10 Title: S1001 - Hydrogen Generator-Powered Stove Student: Nicholas Hagspiel, Will Freedman Teacher: Carol Stutzman School: Western Albermarle High School

Category: Energy & Transportation - S10 Title: S1002 - Pathways Through Automation: An Analysis of Collective AI Travel Student: Denis Callinan, William Davis Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School 64 Category: Energy & Transportation - S10 Title: S1003 - What Is The Best Way To Harness Energy In a Soccer Ball? Student: Roshan George Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Environmental Management - S11 Title: S1101 - A Structure to Decrease Death Rates of the Wild Bee due to Varroa and Tracheal Mites Student: Joy celeste Rinonos, Avani Hopkins Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Environmental Management - S11 Title: S1102 - Examining Manufactured Esterification, Homemade Esterification, and Non- Corroding Coating as Viable Solutions to Fatberg Formation Student: Jee-ho Kim Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Environmental Management - S11 Title: S1103 - One step towards sustainablity Student: Lucas Hamrock Teacher: Todd Lewis School: North Stafford High School

Category: Environmental Management - S11 Title: S1104 - The Effects of Zeolite on Nitrate Levels in a Body of Water Student: Felicity Detoll Teacher: Donna deToll School: Mountain View High School

Category: Environmental Management - S11 Title: S1105 - Upcycling of Metal Alloys Student: Jade Burns, Emma Abraham Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Environmental Sciences - S12 Title: S1201 - Finding the Most Effective Method for Reducing Water Pollution Student: Kevin Breen Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - S13 Title: S1301 - The Farey Sequence and Ford Circles: An Exploration 65 Student: Henry Kwon Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Mathematical Sciences - S13 Title: S1302 - The Role of Internet Search Volume in the Stock Market Student: Henry Daum Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - S14 Title: S1401 - Analyzing Running Strides for Different Terrain Student: Cutter Huston Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - S14 Title: S1402 - Effectiveness of Immunotherapy: Record Review Student: Mahdin Hossain Teacher: Carol Stutzman School: Western Albermarle High School

Category: Medicine & Health Sciences - S14 Title: S1403 - MRI-Based Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Risk Assessment Aid Using Machine Learning Student: Mriganka Mandal, Sophie Meyer Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Microbiology - S15 Title: S1501 - Testing Water Fountains for Foreign Matter Student: Samantha Callinan, Juliana Scott, Maryhays Scott Teacher: Carol Stutzman School: Western Albermarle High School

Category: Microbiology - S15 Title: S1502 - The Five Second Rule Student: Hannah Leeb Teacher: Carol Stutzman School: Western Albermarle High School

Category: Physics & Astronomy - S16 Title: S1601 - New Olympic Records with no work: The effect of the brachistochrone on dives Student: Eric Cypser Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School 66 Category: Physics & Astronomy - S16 Title: S1602 - Testing the Quality of Tone of Plastic vs Cane Reeds Student: Randall Bingaman Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Plant Sciences - S17 Title: S1701 - Effects of growing the plant Daucus carota (Scarlet Nantes variety) using a polyphenol rich solution Student: William Vavrik Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

Category: Plant Sciences - S17 Title: S1702 - Using Underwater Grasses to Combat Ocean Acidification in the Chesapeake Bay Student: Victoria Hanna, Tim Smith Teacher: Kirsten Fuoti School: Albemarle High School

67