2 Forest Management Plan (2018 – 2027)
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2nd FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN (2018 – 2027) Pin-Supu Forest Reserve, Kinabatangan SABAH FORESTRY DEPARTMENT nd 2 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN (2018 – 2027) For Pin-Supu Forest Reserve – Class VI (VJR) Approved by: __________________________________________ (DATUK MASHOR MOHD JAINI) Chief Conservator of Forests Date: Published by: Sabah Forestry Department Locked Bag No. 68 90009, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia www.forest.sabah.gov.my All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the Sabah Forestry Department. Printed by: Sabah Forestry Department ii Table of Content CONTENT Page Table of Content iii Appendices vii List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Plates ix List of Abbreviations x PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE FMP 2 1.1.1 Planning Team 2 1.1.2 Policy Framework and Period of Operation 2 1.1.3 Management Objectives 4 1.1.4 Long Term Objective 4 1.1.5 Short Term Objectives 4 1.1.6 Legal Framework & Management Guidelines 6 PART II GENERAL INFORMATION ON FOREST RESERVE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, SOCIO-ECONOMIC, 7 RECREATION & THREATS 2.1 THE NATURAL PHYSICAL OVERVIEW 8 2.1.1 Geographic Location 8 2.1.2 Site Boundaries and Size 8 2.1.3 Climate 9 2.1.4 Topography 9 2.1.5 Geology 9 2.1.5 Soil 11 2.1.6 Hydrology and Drainage 12 2.1.7 Adjacent Land-use 15 2.2 BIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW 17 2.2.1 Forest Ecosystems 17 2.2.1.1 Forest Structure and Composition 21 2.2.2 Plant Diversity 23 2.2.2.1 Enumeration of Plants 24 2.2.2.2 Plant Conservation Status 24 2.2.3 Animal Diversity 25 2.2.3.1 Mammals 26 2.2.3.2 Birds 26 iii 2.2.3.3 Reptiles and Amphibians 26 2.2.3.4 Fish and Other Aquatic Life 27 2.2.3.5 Invertebrates 27 2.3 CONSERVATION TARGETS 28 2.3.1 Landscape Conservation Targets 28 2.3.1.1 Landscape Connectivity 29 2.3.2 Ecosystem Conservation Targets 29 2.3.2.1 Lowland Forest Ecosystems 29 2.3.3 Species Conservation Targets 29 2.3.3.1 Selected Plants 31 2.3.3.2 Selected Wildlife 32 2.4 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 32 2.5 FOREST RECREATION 34 2.5.1 Introduction 34 2.5.2 Natural Attractions and Corresponding Nature Recreation 35 Activities 2.5.3 Forest Recreation and Tourism Management Implication 38 2.5.4 Current Activities and Facilities 39 2.6 THREATS ANALYSIS 40 2.6.1 Wildfire 41 2.6.2 Forest Simplification 42 2.6.3 Dredging and Drainage Disturbance 42 2.6.4 Water Pollution 42 2.6.5 Illegal Harvesting of Natural Resources 43 2.6.6 Invasive Species 43 2.7 HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE FORESTS (HCVF) 43 2.7.1 HCV 1: Biodiversity Values 44 2.7.1.1 HCV 1.1 Protected Areas 44 2.7.1.2 HCV 1.2 Threatened and Endangered Species 45 2.7.1.3 HCV 1.3 Endemic Species 48 2.7.1.4 HCV 1.4 Critical Temporal Use 49 2.7.2 HCV 2: Landscape Level Forest 49 2.7.3 HCV 3: Ecosystems 51 2.7.4 HCV 4 Services of Nature (Ecosystem Services) 53 2.7.4.1 HCV 4.1 Forest Critical to Water Catchments 53 2.7.4.2 HCV 4.2 Forest Critical to Erosion Control 53 2.7.4.3 HCV 4.3 Forest Providing Barriers to Destructive Fire 54 2.7.4.4 HCV 4.4 Forest Providing Flood Mitigation 56 2.7.5 HCV 5: Basic Needs of Local Communities 56 2.7.6 HCV 6: Cultural Identity of Local Communities 57 iv 2.7.7 Measurable Indicators for HCVF Monitoring in PSFR 58 2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 62 2.8.1 The Impact on Environment During Implementation Phase 62 2.8.2 The Impact on Environment After Implementation Phase 64 2.9 INFRASTRUCTURE 65 2.9.1 Buildings 65 2.9.2 Road, Trails and Bridge 68 PART III REVIEW OF PAST MANAGEMENT PLAN (2008-2017) 70 3.1 PAST MANAGEMENT REVIEW 71 3.1.1 Overview 71 3.1.1.1 Zoning 72 3.1.1.2 Forest Protection Intervention 73 3.1.1.3 Forest Fire Prevention & Control 76 3.1.1.4 Forest and Habitat Restoration 77 3.1.1.5 Visitor Management and Forest Recreation. 78 3.1.1.6 Results, Recommendations and Lessons Learned 80 PART IV MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS 83 4.1 MANAGEMENT ZONES 84 4.1.1 Ecosystem Management Objectives 84 4.1.2 Management Zones for Pin-Supu Forest Reserve 85 4.2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 87 4.2.1 Protection of Lowland Forest Ecosystems 87 4.2.1.1 Monitoring Forest Health and Function 87 4.2.1.2 Monitoring Extent of Lowland Forest Ecosystems 87 4.2.1.3 Monitoring of Key Conservation Target Species 88 4.2.2 Maintaining Biological Diversity & Forest Function 88 4.2.2.1 Forest Restoration (Tree Planting) 88 4.2.2.2 Silvicultural Treatment 91 4.2.2.3 Removal of Invasive Species 93 4.3 COMMUNITY FORESTRY 94 4.3.1 Objectives 94 4.3.2 Strategies 94 4.3.3 Community Forestry Activities 95 4.3.3.1 Forest Restoration 95 4.3.3.2 Ecotourism 95 4.3.3.3 Forest Protection 95 4.3.3.4 Environmental Monitoring, HCV Monitoring, Research & 95 v Development 4.3.3.5 Sustainable Harvest of Edible Bird Nest 96 4.3.3.6 Showcasing Community Forestry Partnerships 96 4.4 HCV MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND RESEARCH IMPLICATION 96 4.4.1 Management Prescription 96 4.4.1.1 Protection of Critical Values 96 4.4.1.2 Modifications or Constraints on Operation 98 4.4.1.3 Enhancement Efficiency and Effectiveness 98 4.4.1.4 Restoration 98 4.4.2 Monitoring 99 4.5 INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT 100 4.6 FOREST PROTECTION 100 4.6.1 Forest fire Prevention Programme 100 4.6.2 Forest Protection and Enforcement 101 4.7 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 101 4.8 GENERAL PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 102 PART V IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING 103 5.1 IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 104 5.1.1 Overview 104 5.1.2 Management Structures 105 5.1.3 Legal Status 106 5.1.4 Involvement of Other Stakeholders 107 5.1.5 Enhancing Management Capacity 107 5.2 TIME FRAME 107 5.3 BUDGET & FINANCE 114 5.4 MONITORING AND REPORTING 114 5.4.1 Monitoring Approach 115 5.4.2 Implementers of The Monitoring Programme 115 5.4.3 Plan Review 115 6.0 REFERENCES 119 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1. The geological information and soil associations of Pin-Supu Sustainable 11 Forest Management Area. Table 2.2.1 Number of plant taxa according to plant groups from Pin-Supu Forest Reserve, 23 Sabah, Malaysia. Table 2.4.1 List of Local Communities Adjacent to Boundary of PSFR, Kinabatangan 33 vi Table 2.5.1 List of Natural Attractions for Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. 35 Table 2.5.2 List of potential forest recreation opportunities for Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. 36 Table 2.6.1 Summary of overall threats on selected conservation targets, socioeconomic 41 and community needs and cultural value of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. Table 2.7.1 HCV Findings based on Malaysia HCV Toolkit 2009. 44 Table 2.7.2 Summary List of Measurable Indicators for Monitoring the HCVF Area in 59 Pin Supu Forest Reserve. Table 3.1.1 Silvicultural Treatment Implemented Since 2009. 78 Table 3.1.2 Tree Planting Forest Restoration Implemented Since 2009. 78 Table 3.1.3 Total Visitors and Direct Revenue PSFR 2010 – 2017. 79 Table 4.1.1 Summary of management zones in Pin-Supu Forest Reserve 85 Table 4.2.1 The list of permanent sample plot that were established in April 2015 in PSFR 88 Table 4.2.2 The list of silviculture working blocks from 2009 until 2015 in PSFR 92 Table 5.2.1 Work plan of management prescriptions and budgetary planning and funding 108 disbursement for Pin-Supu FR 2018 – 2027. Table 5.4.1 Summary of the monitoring programme with reference to the conservation 117 target on landscape and keystone species, including areas identified as HCV and also socio- economic values. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Pin-Supu Forest Reserve consists of three blocks, i.e. Block A, B and C. 4 Figure 2: A copy of international certification scheme certificate under the Forest 5 Stewardship Council to certify Pin-Supu Sustainable Forest Management project area as a well manages reserve. Figure 3: Location of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. 8 Figure 4: Geological Cross Section through Pin-Supu Forest Reserve 10 Figure 5: Soil Associations Map of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve 12 Figure 6: Flood Levels & Hydrology Map of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve 14 Figure 7: The surrounding land-use of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. 16 Figure 8: The original natural forest type of Pin-Supu Forest Reserve SFM area, Sabah. 18 Figure 9: Map of forest condition in Pin-Supu Forest Reserve. 19 Figure 10: The 10 most species-rich families derived from pooled data of all the 12 20 transects for trees ≥ 10 cm dbh in Pin-Supu Forest Reserve SFM area. Figure 11 Ten most speciose plant families in Pin-Supu Forest Reserve SFM Area. 23 Figure 12 Potential connectivity and wildlife corridor (red dash and solid lines) between 27 forest reserve units in PSSFM area, Sabah (Source: Prudente 2009).