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Les Genres Merremia Et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) Dans La Flore D’Afrique Centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi)

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Les Genres Merremia Et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) Dans La Flore D’Afrique Centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi) Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 37(1): 21–125, 1992 Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d’Afrique Centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi) JEAN LEJOLY et STANISŁAW LISOWSKI LEJOLY, J. ET LISOWSKI, S. 1992. Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea dans la flore d’Afrique Cen- trale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37(1): 21–125. Kraków. PL ISSN 0015–931x. ABSTRACT: The Convolvulaceae includes 22 genera with some 125 species in Central Africa, of which two genera and twelve species are exclusively cultivated plants. The present paper is a taxonomic revision of Ipomoea L. and Merremia Dennts. for Zaïre, Rwanda and Burundi. The first genus consists of 69 species with some infraspecific taxa in the area concerned and it is the largest genus of the family, whereas Merremia contains eleven species in Central Africa. All spe- cies are fully described with keys for their determination. As well, a key to all genera of the Convolvulaceae in Central Africa is provided. Additionally, distributional and ecological data are given, with taxonomic notes to assist in the correct identification of taxa concerned. Ipomoea velutipes Welw. ex Rendle and I. lasiophylla Hall. f. are reduced to varieties of I. chrysochaetia Hall. f. as I. chrysochaetia var. velutipes (Welw. ex Rendle) Lejoly & Lisowski, stat. et comb. nov. and I. chrysochaetia var. lasiophylla (Hall. f.) Lejoly & Lisowski, stat. et comb. nov., respec- tively, and I. alpina Rendle is considered as the subspecies I. linosepala Hall. f. subsp. alpina (Rendle) Lejoly & Lisowski, stat. et comb. nov. I. temnophylla Lebrun & Taton is considered identical to I. oenotherae (Vatke) Hall. f. and I. hockii De Wild., I. alpina Rendle subsp. longis- sima Duvigneaud & Dewit, I. alpina subsp. hirsutula Duvigneaud & Dewit, I. alpina subsp. ar- gyrophylla Duvigneaud & Dewit are all synonyms of I. linosepala Hall. f. subsp. alpina (Rendle) Lejoly & Lisowski. KEY WORDS: Convolvulaceae, Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi, Central Africa, taxonomy, distribution, ecology J. Lejoly, Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et de Phytosociologie, Université Libre de Bru- xelles, C. P. 169, 28, Av. Paul Héger, B–1050 Bruxelles, Belgique; S. Lisowski, Laboratoire de Géobotanique, Université A. Mickiewicz, Al. Niepodległos´ci 14, PL–61–713 Poznan´, Pologne INTRODUCTION Les Convolvulaceae constituent une famille cosmopolite comprenant environ 57 genres et 1660 espèces. Une grande partie de ces taxons est distribuée dans les pays tropicaux et subtropicaux. Dans la flore d’Afrique centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi) les Convolvula- ceae sont représentées par 22 genres (dont 2 introduits en cultures), 125 espèces (dont 12 introduites en cultures), 7 sous-espèces et 9 variétés (Tab. 1). Pour la flore d’Afrique centrale nous étudions les Convolvulaceae depuis 1975, au début à l’Université de Kisangani au Zaïre et ensuite en Europe. Au cours de nos études 22 Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Ann. 37, Pars 1, 1992 Tableau 1. Nombre des Convolvulaceae et leur distribution en Afrique centrale. Secteurs phytogéographiques Genre A I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI Dichondra 1–––––111111 Falkia 1–––––––––1– Evolvulus 21–1–1122221 Bonamia 2––1–111–––1 Metaporana 1–––––1–11–– Neuropeltis 4–311121–––– Calycobolus 161156431–––3 Dipteropeltis 11111111–––– Jacquemontia 2111111121–– Convolvulus 2–––––––1221 Hewittia 1–1111111111 Aniseia 1––11–11–––– Merremia 1123645421336 Xenostegia 111111111111 Lepistemon 1–1111111111 Mina 1–––––1––––– Stictocardia 1–––––11–1–1 Astripomoea 4––––1111321 Ipomoea 697 15272117222419312946 Turbina 2–––1––––––1 Paralepistemon 1––––––––––1 Argyreia 1–––––1––––– Total 1261427473935454031484366 A = nombre d’espèces par genre. I – Côtier; II – Mayombe; III – Bas-Congo; IV – Kasaï; V – Bas-Katanga; VI – Forestier Central; VII – Ubangi-Uele; VIII – Lac Albert; IX – Lacs Edouard et Kivu; X – Rwanda-Burundi; XI – Haut-Katanga. nous avons eu à notre disposition les riches collections de Convolvulaceae déposées dans les herbiers à Meise (BR), au Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et de Phytosocio- logie de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles (BRLU) et au Laboratoire de Géobotanique de l’Université A. Mickiewicz à Poznan´ (POZG). Nous avons aussi consulté le matériel d’herbier concernant cette famille au Royal Botanic Gardens à Kew (K), au Natural History Museum à Londres (BM), au Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle à Paris (P), au Laboratory for Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography – Herbarium Vadense à Wage- ningen (WAG), au Centre d’Etudes sur les Ressources Végétales à Brazzaville, Congo (IEC), dans l’Herbier National du Cameroun à Yaoundé (YA) et à l’INERA à Yangambi, J. Lejoly & S. Lisowski: Merremia et Ipomoea en Afrique centrale 23 Tableau 2. Nombre de taxons des Convolvulaceae par pays. Genre Zaïre Rwanda Burundi Dichondra 111 Falkia –1– Evolvulus 222 Bonamia 2–– Metaporana 1–– Neuropeltis 4–– Calycobolus 15 – – Dipteropeltis 1–– Jacquemontia 2–– Convolvulus 221 Hewittia 111 Aniseia 1–– Merremia 11 3 2 Xenostegia 111 Lepistemon 111 Mina 1–– Strictocardia 1–1 Astripomoea 422 Ipomoea 66 23 29 Turbina 2–– Paralepistemon 1–– Argyreia 1–– Total: 121 37 41 Zaïre (YBI). Nous remercions cordialement les Autorités de ces Institutions scientifiques pour l’autorisation de travailler dans leur Herbarium. Auparavant la famille des Convolvulaceae n’avait pas été étudiée globalement pour la flore d’Afrique centrale, à l’exception du territoire du Rwanda et de certaines régions plus restreintes. L’analyse de la répartition des taxons appartenant aux Convolvulaceae démontre qu’en Afrique centrale cette famille est abondamment représentée surtout dans la flore du Zaïre, où on recense 21 genres (sur 22 connus en Afrique centrale) et 121 espèces (sur 125 connues en Afrique centrale). La flore du Burundi ne compte que 10 genres et 41 espèces, tandis que celle du Rwanda possède aussi 10 genres, mais seulement 37 espèces (Tab. 2). La plupart des Convolvulaceae centrafricaines possèdent une distribution géo- graphique ± vaste. Cependant 26 taxons de cette famille sont endémiques pour la flore d’Afrique centrale. 24 Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Ann. 37, Pars 1, 1992 Au cours de nos études sur les Convolvulaceae nous avons recensé de nombreux taxons non mentionnés auparavant dans la flore d’Afrique centrale et parmi eux 23 nous avons décrits comme nouvelles pour la science, dont 1 genre (Paralepistemon Lejoly & Lisowski), 16 espèces, 3 sous-espèces et 3 variétés (Lejoly & Lisowski 1982, 1984a, b, 1985a, b, 1986a, b, 1987, 1988). Nous avons établi aussi 9 combinaisons nouvelles. CLE DE DETERMINATION DES GENRES DES CONVOLVULACEAE CENTRAFRICAINES 1. Ovaire distinctement lobé; styles gynobasiques . 2 1. Ovaire non lobé; styles non gynobasiques, situés au sommet de l’ovaire . 3 2. Ovaire 2-lobé, 2-ovulé; fruits divisées en 2 méricarpes . 1. Dichondra 2. Ovaire 4-lobé, 4-ovulé; fruits divisés en 4 méricarpes . 2. Falkia 3. Grains de pollen lisses . 4 3. Grains de pollen échinulés . 17 4. Styles 2, libres totalement ou presque . 5 4. Styles partiellement ou entièrement unis . 9 5. Chaque style divisé sur plus de la moitié de sa longueur . 3. Evolvulus 5. Styles non divisés . 6 6. Bractéoles accrescentes . 6. Neuropeltis 6. Bractéoles non accrescentes . 7 7. Deux sépales externes accrescents . 7. Calycobolus 7. Sépales externes non accrescents . 8 8. Corolle petite, de 0.5 cm de long . 5. Metaporana 8. Corolle plus grande, de 1 à 2 cm de long . 4. Bonamia 9. Styles 2, unis dans la partie inférieure . 10 9. Styles simples, entièrement unis . 12 10. Sépales externes non accrescents . 4. Bonamia 10. Sépales externes accrescents . 11 11. Stigmates ellipsoïdaux ou globuleux . 7. Calycobolus 11. Stigmates linéaires, oblongs . 8. Dipteropeltis 12. Stigmates longs et linéaires, ayant environ la même épaisseur que le style . 10. Convolvulus 12. Stigmates oblongs, elliptiques à globuleux, rarement filiformes . 13 13. Sépales externes nettement plus grands que les internes . 14 13. Sépales externes plus petits ou légèrement plus grands que les internes . 15 14. Feuilles cordées ou hastées, rarement tronquées ou cunéées à la base; sépales non décurrents; capsules globuleuses ou subglobuleuses . 11. Hewittia 14. Feuilles arrondies à la base; sépales externes décurrents sur le pédicelle; capsules ovoïdes . 12. Aniseia 15. Stigmates elliptiques à oblongs, rarement subglobuleux ou filiformes; corolle bleue ou lilas . 9. Jacquemontia 15. Stigmates globuleux; corolle jaune à blanche ou blanc jaunâtre, parfois à centre brun ou pourpre . 16 16. Anthères habituellement spiralées après la déhiscence; stigmates ondulés ou lobés . 13. Merremia J. Lejoly & S. Lisowski: Merremia et Ipomoea en Afrique centrale 25 16. Anthères droites après la déhiscence; stigmates lisses, non ondulés ou lobés . 14. Xenostegia 17. Etamines insérées sur des écailles . 18 17. Etamines dépourvues d’écailles staminales . 19 18. Corolle urcéolée, contracté à l’extrémité du tube; capsules s’ouvrant par 4 valves, globuleuses à ovoïdes, 4-spermes . 15. Lepistemon 18. Corolle infundibuliforme; fruits subligneux, monospermes, en forme de petits tonneaux, indé- hiscents . 21. Paralepistemon 19. Indument constitué de poils étoilés . 18. Astripomoea 19. Indument ne présentant pas de poils étoilés . 20 20. Corolle ± zygomorphe, étroitement urcéolée . 16. Mina 20. Corolle actinomorphe, infundibuliforme, campanulée, tubuleuse ou hypocratériforme . 21 21. Calice très accrescent, enfermant complètement le fruit mûr; feuilles munies de ponctuations à la face inférieure . 17. Stictocardia 21. Calice accrescent
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