Southern Planter a MONTHLY JOURNAL

.. .

Sixty-Ninth Vear Established 1840. THE Southern Planter A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO

Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside.

OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

TUB SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY. Proprietors. J. F. JACKSON, Editor.

Vol. 69. AUGUST, 1908. No. 8. CONTENTS. FARM MANAGEMENT— THE POULTRY YARD— Notes 703 Editorial Work for the Month 683 — Getting the Best Prices 704 Notes on the July Planter 687 Rose-Comb Rhode Island Reds 704 Crop Rotation 688 Fire Insurance of Poultry Plants 705 The Conservation of Our Plant Food. 689 Feeding the Dairy Cow 705 Applying Fertilizers 690 Farmer and Planter .... 705 The Danger of Crimson Clover Hay and Some Other Notes 690 THE HORSE—

Commercial Fertilizer in Improving Land. . 692

'. The Fertilizer Problem Again 692 Notes . 706

Circumstances Alter Cases 694 The Farm Horse Problem • 707 Farm Horses (P. S. Hunter) 709 Farm Horses (W. F. Massey) 709 TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD— Percherons Preferable to Suffolk Punch; or

Practice Versus Theory ; . . . 710 Editorial—Work for the Month 695 Programme of Virginia State Horticultural MISCELLANEOUS— Society Outlined 695 Editorial—The Virginia State Farmers' In- Dwarfing Trees 696 stitute 711 Ornamental Shrubs 696 Editorial—The Virginia State Fair 711 Farmers' Institutes 712 Preserving of Natural Resources LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY— 713 The Virginia Polytechnic Institute 714 Feeding Corn and By-Products 697 Hog Feeding 714

Noted Virginia Breeding Establishments . 698 How a Southern Dairy Cleared $3,000 in Enquirers' Column (Detail Index p. 754) 734 Nine Months 702 Advertisements 715

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r. d. No. . Post Office Box No... miM Chicago House Wrecking Co,, ffiyJ! Chicago The Southern Planter. DEVOTED TO PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture Is the nursing mother of the Arts.—XENOPHON. Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.—SULLY.

69th Year. RICHMOND, VA., AUGUST, 1908. No. 8. Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH. observation made in places where our advice has been followed. We have subsoiled hundreds of acres, and never The month of July to this date (July 20th) has been without resulting good, either sooner or later. It is prac- above the normal in temperature throughout all the At- tically impossible to secure deep plowing without subsoil- lantic Coast States, and for the last week, (14th to 20th) ing, as the subsoil is unfit to be brought to the surface very considerably above, readings over 90 having been until it has been broken and water and air let into it; and common for several days together. The first week of the besides, on most Southern land it is practically almost im- month was showery. Since that time we have had quite possible to break deeply with a turning plow the under- a droughthy time, and in some sections damage is being lying soil being so compact from long, shallow plowing done to the crops, though as yet this is not serious, and of the surface that no turning plow will enter it more the indications now are for showers, which have already than an inch or two, and until this deeper soil is broken begun in some sections. We are hopeful, therefore, of and aerated it is useless to try to make it available for a cessation of the damage. A good general rain would the production of crops in the place of ahe exhausted sur- soon make good any damage done. Where the moisture face soil. In addition, the importance of making the sub- in the ground has been well conserved by frequent cul- soil capable of absorbing the winter and spring rainfall, tivation it has generally sufficed to maintain growth, and and thus preventing washing and erosion of the surface those sections which have suffered have mainly been those soil, and becoming a reservoir for the supplying of moist- where shallow spring plowing was done, and cultivation ure to the growing crops in such a time as we are now has been neglected. This hot-dry spell emphasizes what passing through, is in itself of sufficient value to justify we have so often said: that the only sure means of the work of subsoiling. We have never known a crop to protecting crops from suffering during the summer in the be lost on subsoiled land through drouth, and every great short dry seasons, which are almost sure, more or less, yield of corn of which we have any record, has been to occur, is to plow deep in the fall and winter, and espe- made on land where the subsoil was deeply broken. Where cially to break the subsoil so as to make it capable of crops are now suffering from this drouth the land has absorbing and holding the winter and spring rainfall for never been subsoiled, and holds no reserve of moisture the summer needs of the crops. We have been much as- of which the crops can avail themselves. Of course, it is tonished recently to see in one of our Southern contem- useless to subsoil leachy land, o.r deep sandy land; and poraries an article from a leading agricultural scientist no sensible farmer would be guilty of such folly. Such in one of the Southern agricultural colleges . condemning land needs something to compact it and make it retentive subsoiling as being useless and unprofitat'e basing of moisture and fertility, and humus will do this, and this conclusion on several experiments made at Southern when filled with vegetable matter to supply this then experiment stations, and setting these against the advice deeper plowing may be practiced with advantage. given by writers in the agricultural press whom the gentleman seems to regard with contempt, as being mainly harvesting and threshing of the 'Southern wheat theorists without practical experience. As we have prob- The completed, and the new grain ably been more insistent on the value of subsoiling and crop has been practically the market here since the rirst week of July, deep plowing for increasing the crop-producing capacity has been on is selling around ninety cents per bushel. The Gov- of our Southern lands than any other Southern writer we and report on the winter wheat condition on the 1st feel that this criticism touches us. We want to say to ernment the same 89 per cent, of a the gentleman that our advice has been based not only of July, or at harvest, makes and I with last month, 87 July, 1907, on theory, but on long practical experience, and also upon normal as compared 95 684 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. [August, a ten-year average of 87. For Virginia the condition is The hay crop has made a heavy yield in this State, and put at 88, as against 91 of last year, and a ten-year aver- if we have rain soon there will be yet a good second crop, age of 82. For Maryland the condition is 88 as against but without this the second crop will be light. 93 last year, and a ten-year average of 86. For North Car- olina the condition is 87 as against 89 last year, and a Pastures have been good up to the middle of July, but ten-year average of 81; and for South Carolina 75 as since then have failed badly, and those who took our against 72 last year, and a ten-year average of 81. We advice and planted a crop of sorghum to cut for feed dur- are afraid from reports that have reached us that this re- ing the summer will now realize how useful such a crop port is not going to be borne out by the threshing re- is in an emergency like this. turns. We hear of some very short yields being made by crops which, previous to threshing, looked like making We hear excellent reports as to alfalfa in good returns. We have been afraid ever since the wet crops many sections of the State, and are glad to notice period we had at the blooming time of the crop that re- how much more widely experiments are being made than was the sults would be disappointing. We never knew wheat to case a year or two ago. There is scarcely section of the thresh out well which had been caught with a wet season a State where some farmers are not experimenting with the when in bloom. If this should happen to have been the crop, and in some sections it is being made quite a crop, case generally throughout the winter wheat belt it is going its success being assured where proper preparation is to make a considerable difference in the yield of the crop, made. We have now strong hopes that in few years and that this is so is beingconfirmed by the fact that the a it will become a staple crop over a large part of the estimated crop is already being considerably discounted. State. We would strongly urge farmers all over the sec- It does not now appear likely that the winter wheat crop tions of the State east of the Blue Ridge to prepare at will greatly, if at all, exceed 400,00'0,000 bushels. The least an acre of land for the planting of this crop during condition of the spring wheat crop is reported at 89 as this and the succeeding month, which is the best time for against 87 a year ago, and a ten-year average of 87. seeding it in this part of the State. It is no use trying It is too early yet to make any definite estimate as to to grow it on poor land, or on badly prepared land; nor the yield. The weather in the spring wheat section is is it any use trying it on wet land. Select a piece of the very varied, part of it is suffering somewhat from drouth, best land you have, and that freest from weeds, and plow and part of it is having too much wet. The plant generally it deeply and break it finely. Give it a dressing of from is said to be looking well so far. half a ton to a ton of lime to the acre, and work this in and then make the land richer with manure, well rotted, corn crop is this year planted on an area of nearly The so as to have killed the weed seeds in it, and with bone- 101,000,000 acres, which is one per cent, larger than that meal at the rate of 300 or 400 pounds to the acre. If pos- of last year. In the South Atlantic States the acreage is sible, get 400 or 500 pounds of soil frrm a field which is over two per cent, larger than last year. In Virginia the already growing alfalfa, and before seeding apply this and of the area planted is 1,873,000 acres, and the condition harrow it in lightly. If not possible to get this soil, then crop is placed at 95 as against 79 a year ago, and a ten- try inoculated seed. Sow the seed broadcast at the rate year average of 90. In Maryland the area planted is 649,- of twenty pounds to the acre, sowing both lengthwise and area OO'O acres, the condition 90. In North Carolina the across, and harrowing lightly. Whilst it is a more costly planted is 2,787,000, the condition 92. In South Carolina crop to put in than any other clover or grass crop, yet the area planted is 89. Tennes- 2,073,000, the condition In when once established it produces so many crops without 87. see the area planted is 3,014,000 acres, the condition reseeding that the original cost is a small matter to set The general condition throughout the country is 82 as against the return. We know many who have already cut against a ten-year average of 85. their crops twice this year making over a ton to the acre each cutting, and they will yet make another cutting, and perhaps two more. It is the most valuable feed that a The tobacco crop planted is estimated at 763,000 acres, can grow, as it is richer in protein than bran, and which is 58,000 acres less than was planted a year ago. man will take the place of that feed in feedingdairy cattle, and In Virginia the crop planted is 17 per cent, greater than is excellent for horses, sheep and hogs. last year, and is estimated at 114,777 acres. In North Carr olina the increase is 9 per cent., and the area planted is 175,925 acres. In South Carolina the increase is 16 per Where there is likely to be a scarcity of long feed from cent., and the area planted is 25,868 acres. In Tennessee the effects of the drouth, we would advise sowing German also the area is increased by 23 per cent., and the crop millet as soon as the land is sufficiently softened by rain land planted is 57,195 acres. In Kentucky the area planted is to enable a good seed bed to be made. Prepare the decreased by 23 per cent., the crop planted being 197,246 finely and sow 1 bushel of seed per acre broadcast and to acres. The condition of the crop is 86, which is the ten- harrow in lightly. In sixty aays the crop will be ready year average. In the South-Atlantic States the condition cut or probably in somewhat less time than this, and will best feed is 89 as against a ten-year average of 85. make a good hay to feed to cattle. It is not the for horses especially if any seed is allowed to form before horses The apple crop is not going to be a large one in this it is cut, as the seed affects the kidneys of some it without States, as this is the off-year for most of our old orchards. very strongly. Some horses, however, can eat far as In some of the young orchards there is a good crop. Pos- suffering any ill effects. In order to avoid this as this sibly we have 50 per cent, of a full croi. possible, cut the hay before the seed forms. Cut at 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 685 time the growing of the crop is not hard on the land as who lives nearby, and also grows turnips, says that if the is often thought to be the case. rutabagas had been left to grow as long as the weather would have permitted, they would have made 1,500 bush- Buckwheat is another crop which can jet be sown suc- els. Our experience has been that both rutabagas and cessfully, and will be found to be useful as feed for hogs, turnips increase faster in size and weight after October cattle and poultry, and it is a fine crop for smothering up to the time of hard frost than before, and that they down weeds, and if not wanted for feeu can be plowed should not be harvested before the end of November. To down to improve the land. A subscriber who used it in grow a heavy crop of rutabagas or turnips the land must this way previous to sowing his wheat last year, tells us be in good heart and fine tilth, and if not so naturally that his wheat grown on this preparation is the best he should have a heavy application of farm-yard manure, has made this year, and a long way ahead in yield of all which should be supplemented with forty or fifty pounds his other crop. Sow a bushel or a little more per acre of acid phosphate per ton of manure applied, and 100 broadcast and harrow in well. The crop can be cut with pounds of muriate of potash per acre. If manure cannot a mower or binder, and should be set up in shocks like be applied, then an application of 300 or 400 pounds of oats to cure. It can be threshed out with a wheat separ- acid phosphate, with 100' pounds of muriate of potash per ator. Crimson clover can be seeded "with the buckwheat acre should be made. No man who keeps cattle, sheep or to make a winter cover crop, and for a spring fallow; but hogs ought to be without rutabagas and turnips as a sup- if this is done the buckwheat should not be seeded too plemental feed for his stock during the winter. Whilst heavily, or it may smother out the clover. they do not by analysis show a high nutritive value, yet experience has amply proven that stock eating roots make Rape may be seeded this month for a fall and winter better gains from the food eaten than do stock fed on grazing crop for hogs and sheep. The land should be finely other food without roots. Roots tend to keep the stomach prepared, and the seed may be sown either broadcast at and bowels in proper order, and enable larger quantities of the rate of four or five pounds to the acre, or in drills food to be assimilated, and they are, therefore, most valu- two feet, six inches apart, sowed at the rate of two or able. We should like to see more of these root crops three pounds to the acre. Sown in drills makes the best grown in the South, and the corn crop could then be fed grazing, the crop being cultivated once or twice and with more profit. thinned in the rows when the plants come too thickly, so as to give them room for development. Rape will be The saving of the forage crops should have close atten- large enough to graze in six weeks, and if the winter is tion during this and the succeeding month. Do not let mild it will stand over and start growth again in the the crops become overripe before cutting, as this simply spring if not too closely grazed in the fall. At the means the loss of much of the feeding value. Cure them Virginia Experiment Station it was found that rape alone as much as possible in the shade, and tnus save the was a maintenance ration for brood sows. In Wisconsin leaves and blades which when left exposed too long to the rape was fed to hogs with two parts of corn and one part sun burn and are wasted. When the crop has well wilted middlings, and a gain of 1.07 pounds made per day. Sheep put into windrow, or into small cocks, and let the air also do well on rape, but it is not advisable to uce it as cure it but. These cocks, or windrows, should be opened a grazing crop for milch cows as it is liable to taint the out, and have an hour or two's sun just before hauling milk, and is also very apt to cause bloating. and thus dry off the moisture which arises from the partial heating of the forage in the process of curing. The

Though it is a little late to sow Rutabaga turnips, they one great care to be observed is to have the forage free may yet be sown with advantage, and both Purple top from rain water or dew when packed away in the barn. and White turnips may be sown all through the month. The presence of considerable natural moisture in the for- Whilst rutabagas and turnips here in the South are usu- age will not result in damage if there is no water or dew will ally sown broadcast, yet it will be found that if sown present. The natural moisture in the crop cause no in drills two feet, six inches apart, cultivated two or three trouble. It will make the forage heat considerably in the times, and thinned, so as to stand six or eight inches apart mow, and will cause the hay to be of a browner color in the drills they will make much larger bulbs and a than hay cured in the sun, but this will not injure its feed- much heavier yield per acre. Grown in this way twenty ing qualities. In an article written recently by Mr. Wing, tons or more can b© made to the acre. We have made speaking of the curing of alfalfa hay, he said that he always over thirty tons to the acre. The rutabagas are the hard- liked to have the hay heat well in the barn, as the stock iest and will grow and increase in weight up to December eat it better, and it seems to do them more good. This and keep well through the winter, stored in cellars or in is our own experience. We always nad our forage crops condition heaps covered with straw and soil. At the Laurel Reform- of all kinds put away in stack or mow in such atory School, in this county, upon land which, three years that they heated well, and we never had any spoiled fodder ago, did not produce two bushels of corn to the acre, and or hay. If put away with water in it, it will heat, and which has since been improved by growing crimson clover sometimes fire and blaze up, but we never knew this to natural moisture only. Hay on it, and from which a crop of crimson clover of possibly happen from the effects of two tons to the acre was grown last year, and which was and forage cured and saved in this way is always more then prepared and sown with rutabagas, 740 bushels of appetizing and has a sweeter smell, and is, therefore, more these turnips per acre were grown and harvested within freely eaten. four months of the seed being sown, and our informant, Sorghum can rarely be so sufficiently i.ured as to make 6S6 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, it safe to bulk it in a mow or stack. After being cut it this system, improve and be able to grow next year an should be left to lie open to wilt thoroughly for several oat crop that will pay for all the work and seed and days, and then be set up in shocks like corn, and will fertilizer put on it. If the land you are to seed in oats keep good in this way all through the winter, and can is not in good heart, apply buO pounds of acid phosphate be hauled in as wanted. If put in a mow or stack it will before seeding and work into the land, and then 100 pounds almost certainly mould, as it appears practically almost of nitrate of soda applied as a top dressing in sp^ng, or impossible to dry out the juices sufficiently to avoid this. a good top dressing of farm-yard manure applied during The strong, hard silicious covering of the stalks keeps the winter will make a crop. the juice in them.

August and September are the two best months in the The corn and sorghum intended to be *±iade into silage year for seeding grass and clover in the South, and any- will be ready for cutting this month and next. Do not be one desiring to succeed with these crops, and who does in too great a hurry to cut the crops. Let the grain not, should lose no time in getting to work preparing harden before cutting, and the blades dry somewhat, and the . land for seeding. We have in a recent issue pub- the silage will be a better, sweeter product. Do not fill lished an article from Mr. Sandy, describing how he pre- the silo too fast. It is better to cut half a day, and fill pares and seeds his grass land, from which he gets such half a day. The silo will hold more, and the silage will wonderful crops, in a section where a few years ago, it be better. See that the corn is well spread out in the was said hay could not be grown. Read this article and silo, as it drops from the cutter. There is always a tend- go and do likewise. The great secret of success is early ency for the heavier corn to accumulate just where it and perfect preparation of the land, the application of a falls from the cutter, and unless this is prevented by ton of lime to the acre, and then the providing of plenty spreading out the accumulation over the whole area of of plant food in the shape of bone-meal for the crop to the silo the silage will be an uneven product, part of it feed on. Wherever good farm-yard manure can be ap- will have too much corn in it, and part have little or plied this also should be used liberally, as the more humus- none. When the silo is full cover with cut fodder or making material you get into the land, the more likely you coarse hay to the depth of a foot, and water this well, are to succeed in securing a permanent stand. Sow no and it will fill with mould and seal the silage effectually. grain crop with the grass. A so-called nurse crop is in the South a robber crop. It simply starves the grass by

The land intended to be seeded in winter oats should robbing it of the food necessary to its growth, and thus at once be plowed and commence to be prepared for the keeps it small and puny, and then when the grain is cut seeding of the crop, which ought to be got into the land off the hot sun burns out the grass, and the stand is lost. not later than the middle of September. Long experience Sow grass and clover alone and a sturdy, hardy growth and much experimentation with this crop has demonstrated is assured, and the sun will never hurt this, but push into that to be a success it must be sown early, so that it may a heavy growth. Seed liberally. We would be more lib- get good root-hold of the land, and cover it with a mat eral in this respect than even Mr. Sandy advises. We of verdure if the frost is to be kept from injuring the never sowed less than two bushels of grass seed per acre, crop during the winter. The seed also should be and often three bushels, with twelve or fifteen pounds of given a good cover and therefore, drilling is much wiser clover seed. It should always be borne m mind in seed- than sowing broadcast. The seed should also be sown ing grass that however reliable may be the house from much more liberally than is the practice generally. Not which you buy the seed, a large proportion of the seed less than two bushels of seed should be sown per acre, is incapable of germination, or makes but a weak growth. and two and a half or even three bushels would be bet- This is a condition which no seed house can guard against. ter. You cannot expect to reap a crop if you do not sow It is the result of imperfect fertilization of the seed when seed enough to make the plants to bear the crop. Instead growing, and may be and usually is caused by the weather of a crop of twenty-five bushels to the acre, this crop at the time of the blooming of the seed crop. Especially ought to make at least twice that yield, and we have is this true of the finer and smaller grass seeds. The known three times that yield made here by a crop sown only grass seed which can confidently be relied upon to in the first week in September on well prepared land, and germinate fully is timothy, a large seed, more like a then top dressed during the early winter with farmyard grain. When seeding timothy a peck to the acre is suffi- manure. Such a crop is a profitable crop whilst a crop of cient. When seeding for a meadow select seeds of grasses twenty-five bushels can yield but little beyond the cost which mature at the same time. When seeding for a pas- of seeding and saving it. Do not select the poorest land ture select seeds of grasses which come into their best you have for your oat crop. Whilst it Is true that oats at different times during the year, and thus secure a long will make some sort of a yield on even poorer land than grazing period. Seed clover of some kind always with almost any other crop, yet it is poor policy to try to the grass. If this should be killed out during the winter make poor land poorer by trying to force it to produce a it can be reseeded in the spring, but if sown early enough crop. Far better save this land and gl-ve it a few hun- so that it can get a good root-hold before the frost comes dred pounds of acid phosphate, and some good plowing and on. it will rarely be killed out. It is also a good practice cultivation, and put it into crimson clover and a mixture to sow some alfalfa seed, say two or three pounds, to the of wheat, oats and rye, and grow a crop to cover it dur- acre with the grass, and thus start the inoculation of the ing the winter, and make a fallow to plow down in the land with alfalfa bacteria, then, when ready to sow spring, and grow a pea crop on. The land will, under an alfalfa crop the land will be ready 10 produce it. Mr. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 687

Sandy followed this plan a year or two ago, and now the it is not the best for tobacco, for there will be some alfalfa on the field seeded has taken full possession, and chloride effect from it. I worked out there the following made a heavy crop. For a grass seed mixture on good formula: Acid phosphate, 900 pounds; pure dried blood loam soil for a meadow sow orchard grass, tall meadow (not blood and bone), 60'0 pounds; nitrate of soda, 100 oat grass, meadow frscue, perennial rye, and red top. pounds, and high-grade sulphate of potash, 400 pounds.

For a pasture mixture sow tall meadow oat grass, Vir- I gave this formula to a grower in Granville county, N. C, ginia blue grass, orchard grass, perennial rye, red top, who used it at the rate of 700 pounds per acre on bright Kentucky blue and meadow fescue. Sow with the meadow tobacco. He sent me the report of sales of his tobacco mixture six pounds of red clover and six pounds of alsike at Durham, N. C.—$34.44 per 100 for the entire crop, lugs clover. Sow with the pasture mixture six pounds of red and all. This was the best price of that season, when clover, or alsike clover, and six pounds of white clover. tobacco was selling at fair prices. A grower in the eastern part of the State, seeing this report m print, used the The sowing of crimson clover, or a mixture of crimson same formula on his land, which is a dark, moist, sandy clover, wheat, oats and rye for a winter cover crop, and loam, a very different soil from the high grey soil in Gran- to make early spring feed, and for a fallow to plow down ville, and he reported a heavy, coarse and late crop, for a summer crop to follow, should have attention from just as I would have expected on his soil, and if I had this time on to the end of September, and then hairy vetch been consulted I would have advised a change for him, and winter vetch should be sowed up to the middle of No- with a rather smaller percentage of nitrogen, as his soil vember. Wherever land was well prepared for the sum- was far richer in this element. mer crop good stands of these winter crops can usually This shows that no hard and fast rule for tobacco fer- be secured by merely discing the land, or breaking it with tilization can be made for all soils and all kinds of tobac- a cutaway harrow both ways, and then sowing the seed co. Up in Nelson county they plow under the entire and covering with a spike-tooth harrow. Don't leave any growth of clover for tobacco, and get good prices for black of your fields to be bare all winter wasting fertility in- wrappers, while in North Carolina the growers of bright stead of gathering it. This is one of the great advan- tobacco claim that clover or peas preceding their tobacco tages we possess in the South over the North. We can will ruin its quality. This is mainly, I think, because they do grown our recuperating crops during the winter, and to not realize the amount of organic nitrogen the legume neglect to do so is to throw away one of the greatest ad- crops. have left in the soil, and apply their usual fertilizer vantages we possess. Ten or twelve pounds of crimson and thus have an excess for their type of tobacco. I clover and three pecks of wheat, oats and rye mixed will found that the most harm, aside from the use of potash sow an acre, and cover it with a green sod all the winter, as a chloride, was in an excess of phosphoric acid. When and this will conserve the fertility in the land and add acid phosphate alone was used on a plot the leaf was very to it and ensure a permanent improvement of the land. thin and silky, so thin in fact that one could see his hand

through it, but the veins were very large and coarse, and Although too soon to sow wheat, it is none too soon this seems to be the tendency whenever there is an ex- to begin to get the land ready for the crop. Whenever op- cess of phosphoric acid. The amount of phosphoric acid portunity offers get the teams to work breaking the land, in the formula which Mr. Armistead quotes is therefore so that it may have plenty of time within which to get nearly right, but as the bone will give a considerable compacted again after being worked before sowing the percentage of nitrogen, there is in this formula an excess wheat. of nitrogen for bright tobacco, unless it was on very poor, dry, sandy soil. NOTES ON THE JULY PLANTER. The rotation advised by Mr. Mathewson will be a good Tobacco Fertilizers. one probably for dark shipping tobacco, but hardly for Editor Southern Planter: bright tobacco. Mr. Armistead is right in regard to the Mr. Armistead has a very interesting article on tobacco. value of oats as a crop in Southside Virginia to follow Years ago I conducted a series of experiments in North tobacco. While they can probably grow wheat well, there Carolina for the purpose of testing different fertilizer ap- is no doubt that winter oats following tobacco will make plications. These experiments were particularly directed a far heavier crop and I believe that in that section to the production of the bright tobacco of North Carolina, would bring more money per acre than wheat. I have and were made on land that had never been altered by cul- known 75 bushels of oats per acre in North Carolina, on tivation, being newly cleared from the pine forest for the highly improved land, and such a crop at 60 cnets per purpose, in the sandy soil near Southern Pines. We were bushel is worth far more than a crop of wheat on the so careful not to have anything on the soil that all the same land at $1.00. But almost any one in the South- trees and growth were dug out and hauled off the land side section could expect 35 bushels of oats when they

and nothing burned on it, the land being naturally very would not get more than half that crop of wheat after deficient in all the elements of plant food. I learned there tobacco, and, as Mr. Armistead says, there is always a that the fertilization which the late Major Ragland had ready sale at home for oats. Then some of the best worked out in Virginia was about as accurate, even for crops of crimson clover I have ever seen were from seed bright tobacco, as any that could be advised. We found sown in the stubble after harvest and no plowing done. that pure dried blood is the very best organic form in Then this clover, with the home-made manure spread over which nitrogen can be applied to tobacco. While fish it in winter, would make a great corn crop, and the land scrap is a good form for organic nitrogen for some crops would have had a winter cover, and with peas sown 688 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, among the corn the rotation could be greatly shortened me of a letter from an Alabama farmer some year ago. and the land more rapidly improved for dark tobacco. He wrote: "What you have been writing about cow peas In the bright tobacco section I would still use the peas, improving the soil is all nonsense, for I took twelve crops after putting them the wheat or oats, and not immedi- of peas in succession from a piece of land, and it got so ately preceding the tobacco crop, and in the bright to- poor that it would not grow peas or anything else." Of bacco section of Eastern North Carolina would put cot- course it did. There is no crop grown that will more ton in between the peas and tobacco. The whole matter rapidly use up the phosphates and potash in the soil comes back to the fact that every tobacco grower must than peas will, and removing any crop annually from the study his particular soil and its needs and the needs of soil and restoring nothing will certainly reduce its fer- the particular type of tobacco he grows. If the Virginia tility. A farmer near here, having a light sandy soil, growers would follow the work of Major Ragland they said that he sowed peas and made hay of them, and plant- would find that he was very near right in his study of ed the land in corn last year and was disappointed in tobacco. the crop. His land was naturally deficient in phosphoric Potash. acid and potash. He planted a crop that used them greed- ily and applied none to it, and took the crop off and re- There is no doubt, as the Editor says, that the Pied- turned nothing, expecting that the pea stubble would make mont country, the red lands of Virginia, are rich in pot- a great corn crop, when the land nad been actually re- ash, but that potash is not needed on the Tidewater lands duced in fertility except the organic nitrogen left in the and the sandy soils in midland Virginia, I cannot agree. pea stubble. Some farmers need a little common sense, Even in the soils of the Piedmont section, where there is a great amount of potash, it is in a very insoluble W. F. MASSEY. condition, and must be released for erops or applied arti- ficially. Lime and plaster will have some effect in doing CROP ROTATION. this, and a restoration of the humus to the soil will do Editor Southern Planter: more. But it has been found in other sections equally

supplied with insoluble potash, that it pays to use some I have just read L. H. McC.'s article on Crop Rotation in a soluble form. The experiments made by the Indiana in your July issue. I note that Brother McC. rather inti- Station on the clay soils of the southern part of that mates that I was using his thunder without giving proper State, which analysis showed to be rich in potash showed credit. I have been recommending the rotation of cotton that an application of soluble potash paid well. By good followed by corn and cow peas, then by winter oats, then rotation of crops there may be enough potash coming cow peas for hay or seed, the two gaps in this rotation available through the humic acids in the soil to serve the being filled by winter cover crops to be turned under for needs of wheat, but not enough for the crops of tobacco green manure, for the past six years, and have published or potatoes' which especially need potash in large per- this rotation probably a dozen times. This identical ro- centage. It has been advised to grind the feldspathic tation has been urged by the Georgia Experiment Station rocks to get potash to apply to the soil. But all the for ten or fifteen years, and is found on a good many red lands of the Piedmont section are the result of the farms down in that section. The Louisiana Experiment

decomposition of such rocks, and the potash still re- Station has used it twenty years. Brother McC. will mains insoluble after untold ages. I found in Albemarle therefore see that this rotation is so familiar and is so that I could for a time at least get the use of this pot- generally recommended in the South that I do not think

ash more cheaply through the use of lime than in buy- it necessary to give credit to any one for it. ing potash salts. But one does not want to lime every The fact is, I had not seen his article—a thing which year, and unless he uses soluble potash applications he I regret. I like his rotation where cotton is not to be must wait for the accumulation of organic material to grown. I think, however, that he means sorghum cane help him, and the artificial application of potash on the instead of sugar cane. The rotation is corn with cow crops will greatly aid in this. it seems legume him So peas, fall-sown bats followed by sweet potatoes in the to be merely a question of economy in the pro- to me spring, with sugar cane the next year followed by crim- duction of crops and the improvement of the soil that son clover. I am not familiar enough with the cultiva- each man must settle for himself. tion of sugar cane to know whether it would be possible Vetch and Wheat. to get a crop of it in such a rotation, but sorghum could certainly be thus grown. Mr. Norfleet, to the contrary, I have made the finest rotation where cotton is not to be of hay with wheat and vetch and the wheat stood up and Another very good year, cow peas; second carried the vetch though the vetch hung over from the grown would be: First corn and year, fall-sown oats followed by cow peas; third year, top of the wheat, and I greatly prefer to mow the crop clover followed by sweet potatoes ;then crimson than to gather hay with a rake. From the cuts, I should crimson could be sown when the sweet say that the trouble was that there was not wheat enough. clover, vetch, or bur clover order to have something to plow under Vetch tumbling on the ground will get damaged below potatoes are dug in in the spring for corn. and I want the wheat there to hold it up, and it will In fact, the South is better adapted to a variety of corn do it if there is wheat enough. rotations than the North, and I hope to see the time Cow Peas. when the cotton crop of the South will be grown in rota- What Mr. Stockbridge says in regard to peas reminds tion with grains and forage plants very generally. When 1908.] THE SOUTHED PLANTER. 689

the cattle tick is done away with, the South can then "It is clear overhead, but there is a cloud in the distance." become an important live stock region. It is clear overhead at present; our farms are producing U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. W. J. SPILLMAN. abundantly; we are sending the products of our farms No doubt the reference is to sorghum and not sugar out to enrich the whole world. But what of the future? cane. The Saccharine Sorghums are very commonly How about the cloud of crop failures and famine which called "cane" in the South.—Ed. lies in the distance? Under our present reckless waste after a thousand years, instead of grovfng 33 bushels of THE CONSERVATION OF OUR PLANT FOOD. wheat per acre as England does, our crops will be below nation Editor Southern Planter: the limit of profitable production and, instead of a people, shall be envel- At the recent Convention of Governors at Washington, of happy homes and contented we starvation. at which the importance of the conservation of the natural oped in a cloud of misery and resources of the country was discussed, the Hon. James This, you think, is a dark picture, but it is only the Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, made mention of the natural result of our present course and it behooves us great loss of plant food by the removal of crops and the to look for a remedy before it is too late. What should necessity of the return of this plant food if the average be done? The answer is comparatively easy, though the is to be continued at its present standard without con- application may be more difficult. sidering the question of an increased yield. All plant foods, more particularly the nitrogen, potash This loss of the fertility of our soil is no unfounded and phosphoric acid should be returned to the soil so that possible, theory, but an ever-present danger, and is well worthy the fertility may be kept the same and, where the discussion of not only the State legislators, but also a greater amount should be returned to act as a reserve the National Government, and its importance is shown by store of plant food in the soil. The humus should also be virgin the prominent place given to this subject by the Governors kept up to the same proportion that is found in Convention. soils. No country has been so recklessly prodigal of her re- Nitrogen. sources as has the United States. We pride ourselves as this process is comparatively the bread basket to which all foreign nations must come With nitrogen and humus, nature has provided for for food, forgetting that when we are supplying other peo- easy if properly understood, as the atmosphere is nitro- ple with this food we are only bringing that time nearer this in the fact that four-fifths of as the peas and clovers, when our own children will have to look to other lands gen and that the legumes, such through the action of bac- for food or else stare famine in the face. can make use of the nitrogen they will increase the humus Only a few years ago our own rich virgin soils appeared teria and at the same time also been found that where to be inexhaustible. In fact, cases are on record where content of the soil. It has phosphoric acid and lime the farmer would move the stable rather than draw out there is a sufficiency of potash, bacteria in the soil will absorb the manure. It was easier to bring mew land under in the soil, that a certain air and make it available for the use the plow than to properly care for what had been tilled. the nitrogen of the To-day, these same farmers are buying fertilizers. Indeed, of the plants. the trend of Western civilization can be traced across the Phosphoric Acid. American Continent by the trail of abandoned farms which but With phosphoric acid we have a harder problem, it left in its wake. To-day," this is all changed, there is enormous deposits of as in the Southern States we have no more West to conquer, and the increasing tide is turn- of the prep- natural phosphate rock it is simply a matter ed back upon itself and we must build up the old soil, phosphoric aration and application to the soil of sufficient rather than bring new land under subjection. necessary, to place an acid. It would be good policy, if It is only a few short years since the American Conti- other valu- export duty on phosphate rock and bone and nent has been known, yet, in this time, the yield has the export of these, able fertilizer ingredients, to prohibit dropped to less than half of that of the older European future gen- and thus conserve these national resources for countries. In the United States, the average yield of erations. wheat is some 11 to 12 bushels, while in England, on land Potash. that has been cropped a thousand years, it is 33 bushels. ingredient of all plants we see our How has England kept up the high average? In addition With this important United States has no known de- to a systematic rotation of crops and a careful husbanding greatest danger, as the of her own resources, if we look up trade returns, we posits of potash. that our granite rocks contain pot- shall find that she is the largest buyer of our national True, many will say owing to its insoluble form, no deposits of phosphate rock, also, one of the best customers ash This is true, but, for which it may be made available of the German potash mines, and, also, of the owners of process is known by owing if such process were known, the nitrate beds and guano deposits. Her ships bring the plant growth, and even rock, the small percentage of pot- bones from the mountains of India, the plains of South to the hardness of the grinding and transportation would American, from the whale fisheries of Newfoundland, ash with the expense of and, also, we regret to say, from our own packing houses make its use unprofitable. plump, hard berry, and in the West. Potash gives to the wheat its and quantities; adds the blush to the peach Would it not be well to stop while the sky is clear and good milling the apple; gives the flavor and ask ourselves what the future will be? And will not the the bright red cheek to strawberry would be answer be the same as that of the watchman on the tower? snap to all fruits. Without it, the — —

690 THE SOUTHEKJS" PLANTEE. [August,

pale, soft and insipid; the oat straw soft, and the grain ing or in advance of the same, and it wil be perfectly safe light and worthless. to put them down in the ground, either under the drill Let us now look at the quantities which are required row or scatter them broadcast and harrow in, according for our chief crops. Oats require three pounds of potash to which is the most convenient. On thin, poor lands, for every one of phosphoric acid; wheat a little less or on truck crops, it will generally be better to put the about one and a half pounds. The apple requires about material underneath the 'drill row, as the young roots the same amount as the oat crop. While the great Ameri- will more quickly reach it there and the crop obtain the con staple, tobacco, requires over 12 times the potash it extra supply of plant food which it needs in the shortest does of phosphoric acid, cabbage 4 times the potash, and time. potatoes, another staple, over 3 times as much potash as The nature of the crop will have an important influ- they do of phosphoric acid. While the clover plant ence on how and when to apply fertilizers. Some crops (called the lifter, mortgage which is equally true of the have a long season of growth; others a short season. cow pea from their to power add nitrogen and humus to For immediate and quick returns put the fertilizer close the soil) requires for its best growth about 4 pounds of to the crop. Where the season is longer and the feeding potash to of everyone phosphoric acid; timothy hay, an- powers of the plant more pronounced, as in the case of other staple, requires about the same as clover. Does corn and cotton, it will often be advisable to apply at it not behoove the American farmer to jealously guard least part of the fertilizer broadcast, if not all of it. A this valuable material from all loss is it 2 and not a sui- part may be put under the drill row at the time of plant- cidal policy, while there are no known deposits at home, ing the seed, and the balance, especially where heavy that we should export vast quantities in the grain and applications are made, broadcast over the land and har- other food stuffs without at least buying sufficient potash rowed in, as these crops will have ample time in which to take the place of that sold? to gather the available food elements from the soil. Secretary Wilson has indeed been a true friend in sound- It is inadvisable in most instances to apply phosphates ing the alarm, and each farmer, as well as State and and potash as a second application to such crops as corn national trade and commercial association, should, con- and cotton. There seems to be a belief that frequent appli- sider his warning carefully. G. FRED MARSH. cations of food elements like phosphates and potash will Ithaca, N. Y. pay. This seems rather a doubtful proposition, as they are not anything like as quickly available as nitrogenous APPLYING FERTILIZERS. compounds, nor are they so easily lost from the soil

Editor Southern Planter: two points which it seems necessary to repeat over and When and how to apply fertilizers is an important mat- over again in order that they may be properly appreciated,

ter in all those sections where it has been found that instead of making a second and third application of pot- commercial plant food must be used in order to secure ash, it would be infinitely better to use a larger quantity increased yields of our leading farm crops. The method of of the concentrated salts at the time of planting. A great applying fertilizers and the time as well will be deter- many people imagine if they have put on a small quantity mined largely by the sources from which the materials of potash they have answered every requirement of the used are derived. Potash salts may be applied a consid- crop. All farm crops have a great affinity for potash, as

erable time in advance of planting because this element it is necessary for the discharge of their vital functions. is not easily leached out of the soil. The same is true An application of 200 pounds of a 2-8-2 fertilizer, contain- of phosphoric acid but with nitrogen it is different. Where ing four pounds of potash, is little better than none at

organic forms of this material are used they may be safely all. There is no single crop raised which does not require buried in the soil as they become rather slowly available, a much larger amount than this. An application of 50 but when such a quickly available form as nitrate of pounds of muriate of potash will not be too much for most

soda is used, it will be better always to apply it as a crops, while for sandy and very thin and worn lands from top dressing after the crop is up and growing so that 50 to 100' pounds will be more likely to give profitable the nitrcgen may be absorbed and utilized by it before returns to the farmer. it can be washed away. When combination fertilizers, The selection of high-grade concentrated plant food rich or complete manures are used, organic nitrogen or that in the two mineral elements especially is the most profit- obtained from dried blood or fish scrap will be largely able practice for the farmer to pursue, and when he fol- utilized with potash and phosphates. These mixtures may lows this plan and uses some discretion in distributing be added to the soil at the convenience of the farmer his material according to the peculiarities of his soil and and may precede crop planting by two weeks or more. with proper regard to the crop he desires to grow, he It is a wonderful convenience to the farmer to be able need have little fear as to the results which will follow to use a mixture such as cotton seed meal, acid phosphate both in the way of increased yields and the permanent and muriate of potash or kainit because he can apply it at maintenance of fertility. A. M. SOULE. a time when his land may not be in suitable condition by reason of seasonal conditions for planting. Hence, THE DANGER OF CRIMSON CLOVER HAY AND SOME in the selection of a fertilizer much attention should be OTHER NOTES. given to factors of such great importance as these. Editor Southern Planter: Whenever the soil is well supplied with vegetable mat-

ter and it is only necessary to use phosphates and potash Some years ago the Department "of Agriculture issued these manures may be applied either at the time of plant- a bulletin warning farmers, of the danger of feeding crim- 1908.} THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK. 691 son clover hay to horses, if the clover had been allowed material than the pine leaves the eastern shore Virginia to advance in maturity till the heads had elongated and truckers so laboriously rake up and haul on their sweet turned brown, as the stiff brown hairs would ball in the potato ground in the winter to turn under for the sweet intestines. potato crop. Some months after the issue of this bulletin I met a Trucking on the Eastern Shore. veterinary surgeon in Talbot county, Maryland, while I was down through Accomac and Northampton last waiting on a railroad platform for a train, and we got to week, and while they do raise a great amount of truck discussing the bulletin. He said that in his experience there are prosperous largely because of their selling there had been more deaths of horses from eating the hay organization, it seems that they are very far behind the made from this, clover while young and immature than times in many things. I passed hundreds of potato fields when allowed to ripen further, but that in either case from which the crop had been dug or was being dug, and

it was very dangerous to horses. in every one where the harvest was going on I saw that

I had fed the hay to my driving horse, having been they were digging with the one-horse turning plow. There careful to cut it as soon as in bloom, and had no serious may be modern potato diggers there, but from the train results. But in my case the clover was fed in a very I did not see one in use. Then I did not see any cow peas small quantity, the bulk of his ration being good grass sown anywhere, but on the fields from which the early hay, which probably prevented the great accumulation of potatoes and the early garden peas had been harvested hairy material from the clover, which would take place they were planting corn instead of putting a crop there where the clover was the sole hay ration. to help the land for another season. Then passing through But to-day my confidence in the young-cut clover has the same district in winter I saw the land that had pro- had a rude shock. Walking along the street a veterinarian duced the sweet potato crop lying bare to waste in the passed in a buggy and stopped and hailed me, saying winter rains in that mild climate, when a crop of crimson that he had something to show me. Unwrapping a bundle clover would have saved a great deal of fertility that he showed a smooth round ball a little larger than a wasted in winter, and would have added nitrogen too from base ball. "1 cut eleven such balls from the intestines the air. All through that trucking region in February of one horse which had died before I reached him this one may see them hauling out the pine leaves and rotted morning, and would have died in any event, because the trash from the woods and spreading it to plow under for balls had ruptured the intestines from their great size. the sweet potato crop, when a few pounds of clover seed, This horse had been fed on crimson clover hay that was or even rye, would have given them more and better cut when only two-thirds in bloom." There seemed to be organic matter, and would have saved a great deal of no signs of the coarser hairs one would expect from the labor. The pine woods in that section have been so care- brown hairs of the blossom heads, and one ball which he fully raked every year that the woodland is the poorest had cut open showed that it was made up of layers of land on the farms. felted material about the thickness and toughness of an I saw at one place a pine thicket that had been grown ordinary felt hat, and all evidently made up of the fine from sown seed, for the trees were in regular rows and hairs that clothe the plant. The horse was a valuable laid off in blocks by wagon roads at intervals for haul- one belonging to an intelligent man and a careful feeder, ing out the leaves. All that labor of sowing pine seed and the clover hay was evidently the cause of the deau. and growing a thicket solely to get organic matter to of the horse, though cut at the most innocent stag<> as spread on the land, when more and far better could be supposed. grown by the sowing of seed that would have given the I am satisfied therefore that it is time to sound a warn- soil a winter cover too. ing against feeding crimson clover hay, cut at any stage, They grow fine crops of sweet potatoes there, but spend to horses though any ruminating animal may eat it a large amount of needless labor and certainly need wak- with impunity, but hereafter I shall never feed it to a ing up to more modern methods. They will get a corn horse, certainly not as an exclusive hay ration. With crop after the early potatoes and peas, and cabbages, but part of the ration made of corn fodder or grass hay, the the land will again need heavy applications of commercial danger may not be so great, but as an exclusive hay ration fertilizers, for hardly any forage is made and few cattle

for horses I am satisfied that crimson clover hay should fed. They are hard-working and prosperous people, but be abandoned. could be much more so with a wiser treatment of their Coming so early in the season, it is the hardest of all soil. in that country, legume hays to cure and I have never had perfectly satis- Crimson clover would work wonders the factory experience in the making of crimson clover hay, and I disliked to see such backward methods in born. and what I have seen around here is a bleached, sun-cured, county where I was against the danger of crim- article that I would not class as good hay at all, for any I started out merely to warn from animal. As a rule, I do not like to use a good feed crop son clover hay, but, as usual, have run away my F. MASSEY. as manure direct, but am inclined to think that perhaps subject. W. this is the best use that can be made of crimson clover. through our col- Turned under in spring, when the soil is cool, and fol- We have repeatedly warned farmers crimson clover hay to lowed by a hoed crop that will to some extent aerate umns as to the danger of feeding of to form. had our the soil, it will prove a valuable help in the growth horses after the seed has begun We several years ago the corn, cotton or potato crop, and especially the sweet attention first drawn to this matter lost two or three potato crop, making a better and cheaper humus-making when one of our subscribers who had 692 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

horses from some unknown cause had one of them opened food or work. My experience does not teach me that. and took from the bowels a ball as large as a small Our farmers are wasting thousands of dollars using com- orange, made up of the hairy hulls of the seed heads of mercial fertilizers on naked land when they could get crimson clover. This ball he sent to us for examination. humus by raising legumes and stock at a much less cost. The hairy, fuzzy matter had accreted round a small peb- They should rotate their crops in a way to return humus ble and was laid around in successive layers like felt, and to the land at least once every two years, then properly this ball completely stopped the passage through the balanced fertilizers would pay. Land void oi humus can- bowels.—Ed. no't assimilate much guano (commercial fertilizer).The richer and the more humus you have in your land the- COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER IN IMPROVING LAND. more guano (commercial fertilizer) you can use to advan- Editor Southern Planter: tage, and vice versa. Feed your land properly and that Without using high-souhding names or giving analyses will feed you. Look out for the little things on the farm of fertilizers or soils (for very few of our farmers under- and the larger things will care for themselves. Produce home supplies stand either), I will give some of my experience and obser- and the price for staple crops will not cause vations as to results from the use of fertilizers. you much anxiety. Devote a part of your time to reading your farm In the beginning I want to say that to be a successful journals and other literature on your table, and farmer you must first put humus in your land. The surest make three blades of grass (or* clover) grow- where and cheapest and quickest way to do this is to raise le- one formerly grew. Put some brains in your business, guminous crops and don't plant these in depleted land and the day is not distant when the highest official of expecting to harvest anything from the same the first our land or the largest banker may well envy the title of being year, but rather return the whole crop to your soil and an "American farmer."" Southampton Co., plant to the same crop the ensuing year. With a good Va. C. P. GRIZZARD. clover sod once secured, you can very safely count on the like succeeding crop. To illustrate my plan: I begin with We would our correspondent to figure out and publish the profit in German (crimson) clover, which I find to be the quick- producing crops by his method. Farm- ing is a to end, est to respond on poor land. The first planting I prepare means an that end being profit on products and 1 improved the lanld thoroughly by deep plowing and apply all of the land.—Ed.

barn yard manure that I have and broadcast over this one thousand pounds of prepared lime containing at least THE FERTILIZER PROBLEM AGAIN. Editor Southern f Planter: 2 per cent, of potash, and then mix this in the loose soil In order that thoroughly with a disc harrow. Be certain that you have the farmer may intelligently compound' good seed and sow five gallons per acre. In this section his own fertilizer, he must possess first a knowledge or" (southeastern Virginia) sow about September 15th. In the manurial requirement of the crop to be grown, and; second, some information as to the deficiencies January, when the land is not frozen nor miry, top-dress of his land' in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. with barn yard manure that is not lumpy. With this prep-

1 As an illustration of how this be obtained, let us- aration, if your land is not very thin, and you have a good may consider the composition of the cereal wheat. growth, allow your calves to graze it after it commences A crop of 12 bushels of wheat, which is, according to the to bloom, and, if the land is needed for pasture, graze it report of the statistician of the Department of Agricul- until September 1st. Then break and prepare as you did ture, the average yield for Virginia, before, except in the place of lime use eight hundred per acre the State of the soil for the grain alone pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate per acre, and sow removes from approximately- 18 lbs. nitrogen costing 15 cents lb. or $2.70 six gallons of German (crimson) clover seed per acre. 6 lbs phosphoric acid costing 4%c. lb. or .27 Top-dress in January as before. We can cut the clover 4 lbs. potash costing 5 cents lb. or .20 by May 10th. Then we break the land, apply 200 pounds 2-8-2 fertilizer per acre and harrow the whole with a pea $3.17" weeder and plant corn. As soon as the corn is in sight straw, supposing it required a ton to produce the we start the harrows. and the acre, consume, approximately, At the second plowing we apply four tons barn yard 12 bushels per would lbs. nitrogen costing 15 cents lb. or $1.80 manure, or woods mould, containing 200 pounds kainit, 12 2 lbs. phosphoric acid costing c. lb. or .09 thoroughly mixed with the litter, about four weeks pre- 4% 10' costing 5 cents lb. or 50 vious to using. When we are ready to plow the corn the lbs. potash last time, we use 100 pounds of nitrate of soda put on one $2.39 side of the corn then in a few days we work the other pounds nitrogen costing $4.50 side and put another 100 pounds of nitrate of soda per A total of 30 of 8 pounds phos. acid costing .36 acre. A total total of 19 pounds of potash costing .70 With this treatment I have produced from land that A formerly yielded 15 bushels of corn, 50 bushels per acre, $5.56 and only missed one crop and then had fine calves from It would seem, then, that the fertilizing constituents of it that year. Not only so, I can and 'do make three times and the straw for as many peanuts or cotton per acre on a good clover wheat may be purchased for $3.17 $2.39, and that where land is lacking in all three of the sod than I can without it. Away with the idea that corn usually applied to our soils they could1 must be "stunted" at some period for the want of plant fertilizing elements 1908.] THE SOUTHED PLANTEE. 693 be purchased and the wheat grown and sold at 51.00 a gen, 80 of phosphoric acid, and 140 of poiash in each ton. bushel and the straw at $5.00 a ton, making a total of And then apply 200 pounds per acre of the mixture: $17.00 per acre gross receipts, and still have a margin of 300 lbs. of nitrogen would be 15 per cent, of a ton. $11.44 per acre to meet the expenses; of seeding and 800 lbs. of phos. acid would be 4 per cent, of a ton. harvest. 140 lbs. of potash would be 7 per cent, of a ton. Fortunately, for humanity, however, this condition of And this combination can be made as follows: 1,275 lbs. affairs is never met with in practice, for the natural sulphate of ammonia, carrying 12% per cent, of a ton; weathering and disintegration of the soil furnishes a small 328 lbs. nitrate of potash, carrying in the ton, nitrate, 2^4 annual supply of phosphorous and potassium while the per cent., potash 7 per cent.; 397 lbs. of either basic slag, decay of vegetable matter, found to some extent in all raw bone meal or any material carrying 20% per cent. 1 soils brought in contact with air and water, furnishes us of phosphoric acid, as 20 /i of 397 is approximately 80 with some nitrogen. In fact, I take it that 75 per cent, pounds of actual nitrogen, which in turn is 4 per cent, of of the wheat grown in Virginia is grown without the use the ton.—P. A. 4 per cent. of commercial fertilizers, and therefore depends its for Result.—Nitrogen 12% per cent, plus 2% per cent equals elementary composition on the decomposition of the soil 15 per cent—P. A. 4 per cent., potash 7 per cent. together with the vegetable and animal matter deposited Here is a formula for wheat which supplies every nec- on or in it, and this conclusion would be borne out by essary element on the generality of soils in the exact pro- the experiments at Rothamstead, where on one plot wheat portion they will be consumed by the crop. It should has been grown annually for nearly a generation "without cost to manufacture $55.60, should be applied at the rate the application of manure or fertilizer and with an average of 200 pounds to the acre, and should supply fertility yield per acre of 11 bushels and 3 pecks per annum. enough to increase the yield of wheat 12 bushels to the Theoretically, it would seem that if the natural fer- acre and cost $5.56 per acre to apply. tility of our soils would produce 12 bushels of wheat per Now, let us pass on and consider the problem that con- acre for an indefinite period that the annual application fronts the farmer who has by the growth of legumes of the amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash accumulated sufficient nitrogen to make his crop of wheat indicated in the preceding tables should produce not 12 and only needs to buy the phosphoric acid and potash. but 24 bushels, and I imagine that this would be pretty Taking the same yield, or 12 bushels per acre, as con- near the truth if we had such a climate as England, and taining the amount of chemicals we propose to supply, we could eliminate all danger from insects and the various find that we will need on each acre 8 pounds of phos- other ills that our crops are heir to, and manage so that phoric acid 14 pounds of potash, such a combination no nitrogen should be lost by evaporation, no acid phos- and can be from 280 pounds of muriate of potash and phate should revert, and all potash should be available. made 500 pounds 16 per cent, acid phosphate, making in all At any rate, it would be worth a trial on an acre by any 780 pounds of the mixture, which must be applied at wheat raiser who is dissatisfied with his yield, for it would of 78 pounds per acre to supply the necessary leave a very fair margin of profit with $23.44 per acre net the rate minerals to the soil. If a ton is desired, mix 560 pounds returns after paying the fertilizer bill. of 50 per cent, muriate of potash ana 1,000 pounds of 16 What our farmers are generally trying- to do is to pro- cent, phosphate with 440 pounds of filler com- duce their own nitrogen by growing legumes and buying per acid posed of any harmless matter that will drill, and we only the phosphoric and potash, and this is of course a ton of fertilizer analyzing, phosphoric acid (avail- the better plan as a reference to the preceding table will have able), 8 per cent; potash, 14 per cent., and this combina- show that the nitrogen is by far the most expensive tion should be applied at the rate of 100 pounds to the element, costing $4.50, as against $1.06 for the phosphate acre and should cost $21.20 a ton or $1.0'6 per acre, as and potash combined. I must say though that as a gen- against $5.60 a ton $5.56 an acre for the fertilizer eral thing the farmers in this section are failing to get — — which contained the required amount of nitrogen a sav- enough nitrogen from leguminous crops to balance the — ing of $4.50 on an acre by the growth of legumes, always acid phosphate and potash they apply, for I believe in provided that they make and store enough to balance the the great majority of cases the lack of nitrogen is the phosphorous and potassium applied. controling factor in the yields of wheat in this part of Tidewater Virginia. That these percentages are totally at variance with the This condition of affairs would seem to point toward amounts found in ready mixed fertilizers for wheat, I am the purchase of nitrogen in the fertilizer and this may well aware, and also that the experience of bur best be necessary, but I would rather advise the application wheat growers and the advice of our Experiment Stations acid over of the acid phosphate and potash to the preceeding le- all tend towards a predominance of phosphoric guminous crop in the hope of forcing that to a luxuri- other constituents, but these facts cannot be raised against in ence of growth that would cause it to accumulate the my figures because the second consideration mentioned maximum amount of nitrogen possible before resorting the beginning of this paper has not as yet been taken into to the purchase of nitrogen at 15 cents a pound. the discussion; that is the deficiency of the soil in the condition To go back to the original subject, if we want to com- elements sought, and is also affected by another pound a fertilizer for wheat where all the properties are —the rapidity with which such elements are reduced to lacking in the soil, we find that we want the proportions availability by the action of the weather. These questions as follows: Thirty pounds of nitrogen, eight pounds of can only be answered by the farmer, each for himself, by differs phosphoric acid, and 14 pounds of potash; or, 300 of nitro- experimental plots on his own land, for one farm 694 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER [August, from another in fertility just as "one star 'differeth from soil where the principle thing is to sprout and kill the sur- another star in glory." face weeds. Illinois soil is often too loose and needs com- Still it would appear that we could learn something pacting. The red soil in this section is too hard and from the chemist, and that is the amount of matter, what- needs loosening. No need to worry about turning up ever it may be, we should apply. weed seeds. This land is too poor to grow weeds.

I believe I have advocated deep plowing and thorough In regard to the criticism of N. in the June issue (page cultivation before planting ever since I began farming, 522), I would say that he has misunderstood my meaning; nearly thirty years ago, having learned it from an old the percentage is part of the ton, not of the constituent. Pennsylvania German farmer, who was an expert. The suggestion in regard to the phosphoric acid is good. My first effort was in the dry climate of Colorado, where Still as all fertilizer manufacturers use the terms am- such culture will double ordinary farm crops. I moved monia, phosphoric acid and potash, and as nearly all to Ohio about ten years ago and, knowing the wonderful tables compiled by our Experiment Stations and agricul- success of Mr. Terry of that State, tried it in southeastern tural writers are for these combinations, rather than for Ohio. Soon found Mr. Terry's theories and my own would the elementary substances, it would be a rather difficult not work out at all on that soil, which was a thin, light matter to inaugurate a change otherwise than by general clay, with no grit hardly in it. Made worse failures than consent of the press and public, or by legislative enactment. my demonstration acre here last year. Applied to Dr. I am very sorry that N'. notices the other "slips of the Thorne for advice and went to using acid phosphate, pen, and hasten to say that I entirely exonerate the proof steamed bone, meal, etc., and soon grew good crops. Tried reader. Could N. peruse one of my effusionr. in the origi- all kinds of stuff from nitrate of soda down to floats, but nal manuscript he would withdraw the stricture; as one found acid phosphate or steamed bone the best. A large of my friends remarked to me not lonj ago: "Hicks, if section of Ohio responds well to applications of phos-

I wrote such a hand as you do, I assure you I would sue' phoric acid only. Here in Virginia I have still another my teacher for damages. PERCIVAL HICKS. kind of soil; in fact, several new kinds, as I have red Mathews Co., Va. gravelly, grey sand and gravel on red subsoil, also on light subsoil also a little dark loam. CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CAbES. These different soils, in my opinion, need different treat- Editor Southern Planter: ment, but when a lot of this red, raw soil is turned up so Mv article in the May Planter has evoked considerable much spring working is injurious in my humble opinion. discussion and has aroused the ire of Mr. Clarkson par- The one-horse plow and the double shovel beat the disc ticularly. He evidently belongs to the Roosevelt class, harrow the weeder and the 14-tooth cultivator for grow- who would simply wipe off the map all those who do ing corn on this kind of soil in present condition. original thinking and dare to express their thought out loud. I wish to report that the crimson clover on the heavily He has a particularly poor opinion of the ability of a fertlized land did much better finally than the balance farmer who would advocate 12 pounds of clover seed to of the field. I let it all go to seed, plowed it under and three acres, little or no preparation before planting, shal- sowed peas, the clover coming up finely in the peas. Is this low plowing, and 60 pounds per acre of acid phosphate. volunteer clover likely to survive the summer? If it does, This does look bad, but I plead not gulty to the whole think I shall be able to report better corn another year. indictment. The 12 pounds of clover seed was 12 pounds My citation of Dr. Thome's work in Ohio was simply per acre, a slip of the pen or printer. I did not mention to show what acid phosphate was doing there and Prof. 60 pounds of acid phosphate per acre only as what was Massey is mistaken in his remark in July Planter that put on in the drill in addition to the other fertilizer these small amounts of acid phosphate were used in con- applied with wheat drill. I said $1.75 worth, or about 225 nection with manuire. No manure was used on these pounds. Neither did I ever advocate shallow ploughin- plots at all and all crops taken off. Where he used acid or careless preparation, but simply said that eight inches phosphate with manure he used 40 pounds per ton of is too deep to plow this land in spring when it had been manure and 8 tons manure per acre, or 320 pounds acid only scratched with a one-horse plow before. Six inches phosphate per acre.

'is as deep under these circumstances as nine inches in Last August I carefully prepared an acre for grass, put previously well plowed land. one ton of lime on three-fourths of it, and four loads rot- I do not know anything about Essex count3r soil, but ten manure on the other one-fourth; 425 pounds, raw bone would like to ask Mr. Clarkson or any other reader if meal was applied to the whole acre, and clover, red top, they ever plowed up any of this hard red clay about twice and timothy sown August 31st. Result, fair stand of as deep as it ever was plowed before then disced and grass and clover over whole acre, but the one-fourth acre, worked it down fine in a wet spring and grew good corn unlimed but manured, produced more hay than all the rest after. Mr. C. thinks the lack of rain lets Mr. Sandy out, of the acre. Shall not moralize any on this, as I do not but this deeply plowed, well prepared land fired worse wish to excite Mr. C. this hot weather. than any corn I had in spite of six cultivatings. This Success to the Planter. Let's have every one's ideas leads up to the question of Mr. Hindle who, with probably on how to improve this hard, dead soil. very different land, produced a fine crop. Mr. H. does not Charlotte Co., Va. T. M. RAND. see the philosophy of the two spring plowings or why the Your crimson clover will no doubt stand and make a top should be kept stirred or scratched, as he terms it, winter cover for the land unless the peas make too heavy and loose underneath. If Mr. H. tackles any red galled a growth and smother it. We have known good crops land, he will find it very different from the Illinois prairie to be secured in this wav.—Ed. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 695

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH. like cauliflower to be cut in October, November and The gathering, shipping and storing of the products December. The crop requires the same treatment as cab- of the garden, orchard and vineyard should receive con- bages. The heads now sell freely on our local markets. stant attention as the products mature. Be careful to

cull and sort all products which are to be shipped and Land should be prepared for the fall netting of straw- send for sale only those which are perfect and thus secure berry plants. Break deeply and finely and encourage the a reputation for the quality of your products. The ship- germination of the weed seeds by frequent cultivation so ping of inferior products is largely the cause why prices that when the plants are set out the weeds may not trou- are so often broken on the market, when if only the best ble them. Next month will be early enough to commence were sent by every shipper good prices would be main- setting out the plants. Apply the fertilizer during the util- tained. All inferior and defective products should be cultivation of the land this month so that it may become ized at home or, if shipped, should be sent in separate available immediately and thus give the plants a good packages and be distinctly marked as seconds or culls. start before frost. Cool off all products before they are packed and see that

the packages are well ventilated. Don't let fruit become Sow crimson clover on all land as it Is cleared of the overripe before gathering and gather carefully and see summer crops to conserve the fertility and mase a fal- that it is not bruised in the handling. low to turn under in the spring.

Celery plants should now be set out where they are to PROGRAMME OF VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL grow to maturity. The land upon which they are to be SOCIETY OUTLINED. planted should be worked finely and be made as rich Editor Southern Planter: as it can well be made with farm yard manure, and if meeting of the this be not in sufficient quantity supplement with a fertil- A Executive Committee of this Society was held at Crozet izer analyying 7 per cent, of ammonia, 5 per cent, of on June 25th, simultaneously with a meeting of phosphoric acid, and 8 per cent, of potash. Such a fer- the stockholders of the Virginia Apple Growers and Packers tilizer can be made by mixing 250 pounds of nitrate of Association in another building. Keeping in soda, 600 pounds of dried blood, S50 pounds of acid phos- view the recommendations made by the Joint Committee phate, and 300 pounds of muriate of potash to make a ton. of this Society and the State Board of Agriculture, it was decided that Apply at the rate of 1,0'00 pounds to the acre, if used arrangements be made forthwith for an exhibit of alone, or 500 pounds to the acre if used in conjunction Virginia fruits at the Interstate Fair, Lynchburg, with farm yard manure in liberal quantity. Mix the and the State Fair at Richmond this fall. With a view co-operating manure and fertilizer well into the soil and lay this off in of with the Fair Associations for the promo- beds 5 feet wide, keeping them flat. If more than one tion of the best interests and credit of the State, the bed is required, there should be a space of 8 feet left Society's exhibit will not be entered in competition for between each bed to provide soil for earthing up the premiums, thus leaving these open to individual exhibi- plants. The plants should be set out in rows across tors. It was also arranged that one of the members of the beds one foot apart with 11 plants in each row, thus the Executive Committee should accompany this exhibit making them 6 inches apart in the row. After the plants to the State Fairs at Raleigh, N. O, and Charleston, S. C, are all set out, keep the beds well cultivated and free later. Some $400 was set apart for the purpose of offer- from weeds and see that the plants do not suffer for want ing premiums to insure a fine exhibit at the annual meet- of water. Never cultivate or handle the plants when wet ing of the Society at Lynchburg on January 6th, 7th and with dew or rain, or they will rust. As the plants grow 8th, 1909. On this occasion the best scientific speakers the outer leaves will spread out on the ground. This will be engaged to give free lectures and demonstrations should be prevented by putting earth enough around each illustrating the most advanced methods and appliances for plant to keep the leaves upright, but use no more than is controlling diseases of fruit and shade trees, together with necessary for this purpose, as the earthing up of the crop general topics pertinent to the welfare and development

to blanch it should not be done until it has practically of these interests. Any subject affecting real needs will completed its growth, say, in October or November. be given special attention upon a request being made to the Secretary, Mr. Walter Whately, Crozet, Va., in time

Seed for raising fall cabbage should be sown in a moist for him to arrange for the proper handling when drawing situation on rich land and the plants should be pushed up the programme. The exhibit to be held on this occa- on as fast as possible by the use of top dressings o sion will be sent on to at least two Northern cities for nitrate of soda so that they may outgrow the worms and exhibition probably Washington and New York. The ex- bugs. Flat Dutch and Savoy are the proper varieties to perience of the Society in this line last year when a selec- raise for this crop. The plants should be ready to set out tion of the magnificent display collected for exhibit at in September. the annual meeting held at Staunton was sent to Wash- ington and exhibited in the large department store o f Brocoli plants should be set out. These make heads Messrs. Woodward & Lothrop until Christmas, this fact 696 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August.

being advertised in all the city papers free and inspec- stocks. The latter is the better, making a stronger tree. tion solicited, was very satisfactory, and at the close of The pear is dwarfed by growing on the roots of a quince. the exhibit the apples were given away to the visitors Dwarf apple and pear trees may be planted as near as ten to advertise the superior quality of the "Virginia fruit. feet apart each way. A dwarf apple or pear tree should The Secretary is now preparing a letter to be sent to be kept at the height of ten or twelve feet, and should all members of the Society soliciting selection of exhibits not attain this stature in less than ten or twelve years. ifor these occasions, giving and details of arrangements. A dwarf apple tree in full bearing should average from The management of the State Fair have heartily wel- two pecks to a bushel of first quality apples.—Market comed the Society's proposal to co-operate with them on Growers' Journal. the above lines, and arrangements for same are progress- ing in a most encouraging manner. It is always well to remember that in the fertilization The Society hopes to give the visitors at the Fairs a of garden crdps the element nitrogen has mainly the ef- splendid object lesson of the fine quality of our fruit. fect of increasing the luxuriance of the growth and fol- The feeling of the Executive Committee was most strong- iage, and that phosphoric acid and potash are the plant ly expressed that the Society should use the money appro- foods that are mainly concerned in the storing of foods priated to the best advantage for promotion of the Horti- in seeds, roots and tubers. Hence, with crops like cab- cultural interests of the State, and this they are deter- bages, etc. that are grown for the foliage mainly, nitrogen mined to do. Further arrangements in this direction will is the most important element, while those that make the be made later. crop under ground, or in the seeds, demand larger sup- In connection with the exhibits to be made at the State plies of the mineral elements than of nitrogen especially. and other Fairs which, as above stated, are not to be made Potatoes, both Irish and sweet, store large amounts of in competition for the premiums offered by the Fair starch in the tubers and roots, and hence need heavier Associations the Horticultural Society offers to pay to all applications of phosphoric acid and potash than cabbages, members of the Society who will help to uphold the credit lettuce and spinach.—W. F. Massey, Market Growers Jour- of the Society by their co-operation in these exhibits nal. „ a premium of $2.00 for the best and $1.00 for the second best plate of every variety of apples whenever two or SHRUBS. more plates are shown in competition. In addition express ORNAMENTAL and storage charges will be paid. The Fair Associations I have somewhat against the printer and proof reader have offered to furnish plates and space required. This for my manuscript of reply to Mrs. Gould Page 612 was exhibit will be assembled at Lynchburg and Richmond typewritten and should have been plain. I like to be and then be forwarded to the other points. Any pack- exact in rega-rd to botanical names and do not like to age of fruit should have enclosed a card which can be see "Azalea pontiac" when I wrote "Pontica"; "Pleagnus" care obtained from me and should be addressed to the when I wrote "Eleagnus,,, and if I told the inquirer that sent of the Hon. G. E. Murrell, Lynchburg, Va., and be the P. J. Berckmans Co was at Atlanta, it was certainly arrive there not at any time the fruit can be selected to an error, for their nursery is at Augusta, Ga. after that later than September 25th. Anything shipped W. F. MASSEY. sent date and to arrive up to October 1st should be Nurseries, Rich- to care of W. T. Hood, Old Dominion Referring to the errors in the names of the shrubs re- any time mond, Va. Send anything worth showing at ferred to, these errors were corrected by the proof-reader, other when ready, either apples, pears, peaches, plums or but, unfortunately, the printers overlooked the corrections. the gentleman to fruits or vegetables. A card notifying As to growers of these ornamental plants, our old-time whom consigned should be sent at the same time so advertisers and friends, the Franklin Davis Nursery Co., storage. Exhibits that he can put the exhibit in cold of Baltimore, Md., write us that they make a specialty be addressed sent earlier that require cold storage may of growing this class of plants and have always stock on Ice and Store Co., as above but adding care of Diamond hand. The reputation of this firm for supplying good Lynchburg, or Merchants' Cold Storage, Richmond. stock is well known.—Ed. and each Five apples or other fruit constitute a plate of variety and of variety must be identified by name be The growth of a number of successive crops of the same with his address. Each specimen should exhibitor plant has been lately found not only to exhaust the soil care used in wrapped, newspaper will do for this, and for that plant, but to develop an active poison for it. fruit not to prevent bruising. Parties having packing Steam distillation of a wheat-sick soil yielded a crystalline attending these available for early shipment, and who are Fair substance that is poisonous to wheat and from a soil ex- person may bring it with them to the Fairs in hausted for cowpeas, a crystalline substance was obtained up to the time of opening of exhibit. grounds that is poisonous to cowpeas but not to wheat. WALTER WHATELY, Secy.-Treas., Va. State Horticultural Society. The millions of people trying to make both ends meet Crozet, Va. will be interested to know that figures on wholesale DWARFING TREES. prices of 258 representative staple articles reached the grafting upon small growing highest mark during last October. These figures are for The apple is dwarfed by the Paradise and Dudin the eighteen years between 1899 and 1907. types of apple trees, such as 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 697

Live Stock and Dairy.

FEEDING CORN AND BY-PRODUCTS. In some cases some of the leaves are pulled off, but in Introduction. many the entire stalk is abandoned to be washed away Editor Southern Planter: by the freshets or burned up to destroy what is fre- Corn, the greatest of all cereals, can be grown in every quently deemed a nuisance. A ton of corn stover con- section of the country with more or less success, and fur- tains about sixteen pounds of nitrogen, five pounds of nishes, with its by-products, a higher per cent, of the phosphoric acid and twenty-ive pounds of potash. The feed used for the maintenance of live-stock than any burning this dissipates about $5.12 worth of nitrogen at other single crop grown on the .American farm. The true present prices for commercial plant food, estimating the relation of the corn plant to our industrial progress can- yield of corn fodder at two tons per acre. The wanton not be accurately estimated, but it is not stating the ques- wastefulness of this practice accounts in many instances tion too broadly to say that without it our splendid suc- for the rapid deterioration in soil fertility. cess in the fields of livestock husbandry, foi which Amer- Corn stover or corn fodder properly preserved and ica is so justly celebrated, could ever have been at- utilized may be made to take the place under most contained. A crop that bears such a definite relation to the ditions of timothy hay, a much more expensive crop to success of the most important industry in which our grow, one that can only be raised successfully in cer- farmers are engaged is worthy of the closest attention, tain sections of the country, and one that has a very and though we have been studying this crop for many high money value, finding a ready sale in any of our years, we are still unfamiliar with many of the uses to leading markets. The utilization of corn stover and fod- which it will eventually be put, and we understand com- der would thus frequently revolutionize conditions on paratively little about how to manage and feed it so as many farms, and make possible the maintenance of large to insure the largest profit to the farmer. numbers of live-stock where conditions seem unfavor- Experimental data have accumulated to show that a able to this business, and where, unfortunately Ae very considerable per cent., possibly as much as one- owner has frequently concluded that the old methods of third of the nutritive value of the corn crop is lost clean culture which have brought him to the verge of through a misapprehension of how to feed it so as to starvation and increased the mortgage on his farm from obtain the largest returns from a given consumption ot year to year is the only policy he can pursue. Is there grain and fodder. In addition, at least fifteen to twenty- not need, therefore, for the agitation and dissemination five per cent, of the total nutrients in the stover of all the useful facts concerning this important crop are lost each year during the process of curing. A through the length and breadth of this country. much superior quality of stover could ordinarily be ob- To properly discuss the utilization of the corn crop tained if its true value were more generally understood. for all classes of live-stock on the farm is an exceedingly Early cutting, careful shocking, and better handling, so as difficult task, because there are so many viewpoints from to prevent the great waste of leaves commonly observed, which it may be considered, and which in fact, may be would improve both the palatability and food value of the regarded as essentials to the intelligent discussion of stover. The fact that the 94,916,911 acres of corn grown this question owing to the great variety of uses to which in 1899 would yield almost two tons of fodder per acre the crop can be put, and the equally great variety of should not be lost sight of, as this was much more rough forms in which it can be utilized. An endeavor will be feed than all the animals kept on farms in the United made to discuss it from the standpoint of a roughness States would need for their winter maintenance. In Vir- and a concentrate when utilized singly and in combina- ginia the area devoted to corn in 1899 was 1,910,085 acres. tion with the other fodder and forage crops generally A yield of only one and a quarter tons per acre of stover available on our farms. would provide 2,388,606 tons of feed, which if only half Corn Fodder. as valuable for the maintenance of ruminating animals The corn plant may be used in the form of fodder or would still exceed the feeding value of the hay crop of stover. By fodder is meant the stalk, ears and all; by that year which approximated 943,079 tons. If the stover stover is meant the stalk and leaves without the ears. yielded by the corn crop were carefully preserved and Fodder may be fed whole or cut and shredded, and stover fed, it would provide all the roughness needed by the in the same manner. As a rule, fodder corn is obtained 1,563,0'45 head of horses, cattle and sheep in the State by drilling the crop in very thickly in rows from three for more than 180 days. to four feet apart. Sometimes the crop is broadcasted, What a tremendous addition to our resources it would but when drilled in it can be cut with a corn harvester make if the full potential nutritive power of tho corn and bound in sheaves and set up and cured to much bet- plant were obtained on our farms. But does this sug- ter advantage than where broadcasted. The effect of seed- gestion smack of a Utopian ideal which we can never ing corn for fodder at differnt distances was brought hope to reach? Not at all, because the intelligence of the out in an experiment made at Blacksburg, Va., where American farmer is developing apace, and the time is corn sowed in drills 39.6 inches apart and 4.6 and not far distant when many exceedingly wasteful forms 8 inches apart in the drills so as to leave 20,00*0 and 30,- will of practice which now find favor pass into disuse. 000', and 40,000 stalks per acre proved that the largest On thousands of farms corn stover is never harvested. yield was made from the 20,000 stalks, the average being 3.99 tons per icre. 698 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

Observe that the largest yield was made by planting NOTED VIRGINIA BREEDING ESTABLISHMENTS. eight inches apart in the drill row. Three-fourths of the Editor Southern Planter: stalks on this plat developed medium sized ears, but the other lots were deficient in this respect. "Oak Hill." Over 6,000 pounds of digestible dry matter have been To one alive to the beauties of nature and the advant- secured from an acre of land planted in corn, and it is ages and delights of farm life, opportunities of visiting doubtful if any other farm crop has ever equalled this the many excellent farms and palatial homes in Virginia record. Of course, where corn is planted thickly, the are delightsome in the extreme. Many of these homes are number of well developed ears obtained is materially re- notably historic, not the least important of which is that duced. Still, experimental data show that in spite of of "Oak Hill," owned by Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, this fact, a considerably larger amount of nutrients will Va. The establishment of this delightful old home with be obtained from thick planting than from thinner plant- its broad acres occurred at the time of the inauguration ing where conditions favor the development of larger of President Monroe in 1817. The place was inherited by ears. Then, fodder can be utilized for feeding whole on Mr. Monroe from his uncle, a bachelor by the name of the sod in the winter most advantageously, and the ani- Jones. The house, almost as it now stands, was com- mals find little difficulty in consuming the ears which pleted in 1820, and was the delight and pride of President are not so large and hard to masticate as those developed Monroe during his two terms as President of the United on corn planted at greater distances in the drill row. As States. Many noted personages, among them Lafayette, corn fodder will provide more than a maintenance ration were entertained lavishly at this palatial country resi- if intelligently fed to cattle running out of doors, even at dence. the high elevations prevailing in the Appalachian region, it is a crop tha(t should be utilized far more extensively than is found to be the case in practice, for it would materially economize the labor of feeding and maintaining cattle through the winter which are to be finished on grass the next summer. Corn fodder may be fed green or in the cured form. When fed green it is generally utilized as a soiling crop, for corn can rarely, if ever, be pastured successfully, and certainly not without a tremendous amount of waste. Corn fodder, however, can be had throughout the growing season by sowing selected varieties of corn which will mature in a regular succession, and supplement, and in some instances take the place of tame pastures, especially in seasons of drought. It is a crop, therefore, that should receive consideration on every stock farm where pastures are likely to be short during the summer season. Fodder corn when used as a soiling crop should not be cut until the ears begin to glaze, for it has been conclu- sively shown that the dry matter increases very rapidly as corn approaches maturity. For instance, it was found at the New York State station that corn which had tas- seled on July 30th contained only 1,619 pounds of dry matter, but that when glazed on September 6th, 7,202 pounds of dry matter had been formed, and when ripe on September 28th, 7,918 pounds. Dissatisfaction with using "Baythorp Sutton"—Imported Hackney Stallion, owned corn as a soiling crop is probably attributable in a large by Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, Va. measure to the fact that it is frequently cut too early.

Corn fodder may be fed either whole or cut. For dairy Mr. Fairfax, the present owner, is a fancier and breeder cows it will probably pay to cut it and mix some grain of one of the best classes of horses in the world, namely, with it. When thickly sown, so as to keep stalks com- the Hackneys. His noted horse Matchless is well known, paratively fine, cattle will eat most of it readily. The not only throughout the United States, but abroad. He distribution of the nutrients in the corn plant is such, has been a great prize winner, and was champion across however, that every reasonable effort should %e made to the water. At the time of his purchase Mr. Fairfax also have the entire stalk consumed, for while twenty-seven secured three prize-winning mares, with which the nu- per cent, of the total digestible matter is found above cleus of the finest stud of Hackneys in the United States the ear, thirteen per cent, in the blades below the ear, was formed. Mr. Fairfax keeps constantly on hand from twenty-six per cent, in the husks, there still remains 150 to 200 head of horses and a fine flock of Shropshire thirty-four per cent, in the stalks. sheep. M. SOULS. ANDREW While at Leesburg it was the pleasure of the writer Georgia Agricultural College to visit this historic spot and the home oi Mr. Fairfax, to (To be Continued.) receive at the hands of himself, his attractive wife, and J 908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 699 lovely daughter most hospitable entertainment, and to bred Guernseys in the United States. It may be further have the pleasure of seeing the splendid Hackneys exer- added, without the possibility of contradiction, that for imported and advanced registry animals it is second to none. The beautiful groups of "milk and cider" cows, with their great "commissary departments," could hardly be found of better quality on their native heath in the Guernsey Isle. This magnificent -herd is headed by two great bulls, Imported Top Notch and Imported France's Jewel Vin. An illustration of the former appeared in

your pages some months ago, and it is to be regretted that we were unable to secure a photograph of the latter only as a ten months calf. It is, however, important to note that we did secure (which fact we trust will be remembered by his get in the future) a magnificent yearling

Guernsey, Morven's Leading Lad, to head the V. P. I. herd of Guernsey cows. This youngster has been received

at the V. P. I. Farms, is doing splendidly, and has already indicated his ability to serve the purpose for which he was secured. This young bull is of the noted May Rose family; his sire is Imported Top Notch, bred by Sir Henry Tichbourne and out of the celebrated Itchen Beda that took first prize at the English Royal, as did also her daughter. Upon being imported to America, she entered the Advanced Registry with a record of over 10,000 lbs. "Lively Buskin"— Imported Hackney Mare, owned by of milk and 64C.15 lbs. of butter. Almost as much can be Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, Va. said of the dam of the V. P. I. selection. She is Morven's

cised. The beauty of Oak Hill estate surpasses descrip- May Rose, is in the Advanced Registry, as is also her tion. Mr. Fairfax has added about 40'0 acres to its area dam, grand dam, and one sister. There is no more fash- and has greatly improved the surroundings. ionable blood in the Guernsey world than the May Rose family. There are other important families represented at Morven Park Estate. Morven Park, such as La France, Princess, Masher, Glen- This grand old colonial plantation is owned by West- wood, Selects, and others. moreland Davis, Esq., and located also in Loudoun The cattle barns are one of the principal prides of Mr. County, near Leesburg. Mr. Davis is a most entertaining Davis. All his recent buildings are stricty up-to-date; host, and has the wherewithal to entertain in his magni- the best of silos are in evidence, and concrete with plenty ficent country palace, for it is little less. To one interested in blooded stock, the further entertainment which Mr. Davis is enabled to extend may be continued days with the proper study of the Guernseys, Percherons, Dor- set sheep, Yorkshire hogs, and their very excellent ac- commodations, both in buildings and conveniently arranged paddocks. The Guernseys number about 200 head

One of the Cattle Barns and Silo on the Morven Park Estate.

of glazing has been used wherever possible to the advantage of the dairy barns. His arrangements for carrying off the liquid manure into cisterns by gravity and when desired into tanks, with which to moisten the dry manure in the manure spreaders, are most convenient, the cisterns even being emptied of their contents by grav- Imported Frances Jewell VIII, a prominent sire in the ity. We take pleasure in handing you herewith an illus- Morven Park Jersey Herd. tration of one of the barns, which accommodates 50 head of cattle. and may safely be said to be the largest herd of pure- The cream is shipped from the dairy by express, prin- 700 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,. cipally to New York and Washington. The skim milk is a part of the Morven flock, exhibiting some very typical fed to pigs and calves. It is worthy of note that the milk and uniform Dorset ewes. is sterilized by live steam, notwithstanding the fact that The improved Large White Yorkshire is the favorite the herd is kept absolutely free of tuberculosis and is breed of swine at Morven. This breed is noted for its tested regularly by the Bureau of Animal Industry, De- partment of Agriculture. The Percherons at Morven Park were all, with the exception of a few colts, selected and imported from France by Mr. Davis. They are as a whole, very cleanly made,

Imported Dorsets owned by Westmoreland Davis, Esq. Morven Park Estate.

very large size. A modern piggery is in course of construction and is being built almost entirely of cement. We were pleased to note that the greater part of this herd' were running in a 40-acre wood lot, where they were leading perfectly natural lives, and every evidence indicated that they were in the best of health. One of the herd boars about two years of age will certainly weigh not far "Vibraye''—Imported Percheron Stallion, at the head of from 1,000' lbs., and sows weighing from 500 to 750 were Morven Park Percheron Stud. in evidence. In order to represent to the students this fine breed of bacon swine, Mr. Davis has very kindly have large bone, show splendid quality and action, and made a donation of a trio of White Yorkshires to the Vir- while they are perhaps not quite as large as some Perch- ginia Polytechnic Institute. erons, their quality is exceptionally good. They are espec- To any visitor at Morven Park its success seems most ially free from that inactivity often seen in the extra large evident. The estate consists of Morven Park proper and Percheron horses. Among the mares are several prize Big Spring Farm, of 1100 acres and 500 acres respectively. winners in France. We were particularly pleased to note All of the operations of the farm are conducted, with the that these mares were all earning their board, demon- aid of skilled employes, by Mr. Davis, who is almost con- strating the fact that they are not only valuable for rais- stantly going about over the splendid estate carefully ing colts, as was evidenced by the sucklings and wean- studying its conditions and everything to the advantage lings on the place, but that they were valuable to the plow of his much loved live stock. Much of his success is- or wagon. At the head of the Percheron stud is a young doubtless due to the fact that he believes in developing his- imported stallion of excellent quality, by the name Vib- animals under the most natural conditions. They are not raye, a Government Premium stallion of France. This crowded and pampered, but are kept in a good thrifty con- horse is rich in the celebrated Brilliant blood, as are dition of flesh. nearly all of the mares, though they are not closely re- Through the kindness of Mr. Davis, the writer was> lated to him. The sire of Vibraye was Besique, several given the pleasure of a drive and visit to times champion of all France. The Morven Dorset flock consists of about 100 imported Selma Estate. ewes and their immediate offspring. They are as fine as the beautiful and picturesque home of Mr. and Mrs. E. the finest, and the flock is regularly kept up to date by B. White. While the Selma mansion is of up-to-date in- purchases from Mr. Flower and other eminent Eng- ternal construction, having been built by Mr.' White, it lish breeders. Very few females have thus far been is none the less attractive and has the colonial pillars and sold from the Morven flock, but flock headers for general appearance of one of the old mansions of Virginia. pure-bred flocks, as well as for the improvement of The surroundings are most magnificent and palatial. The common grade flocks, are sent not only all over the State spacious halls, drawing rooms, and other attractions in of Virginia, but to many other states. Mr. Davis claims the way of internal furnishing are most artistic and inter- that there is no other breed equalling the Dorsets for early esting. The estate consists of about 1,0*00 acres, and was lambs. One of the Morven-bred Dorset rams has been formerly the home of Senator Mason, who lived there at

secured for use in the V. P. I. flock next fall, in order to the time of the Mason-McCarthy duel. Mr. White is Pres- avoid inbreeding. Herewith we present an illustration of ident of the Peoples National Bank of Leesburg, but lives- 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 701

at this country place, which is about four miles from town. be rapidly added as the devlopment of the place pro- His live stock interest is almost exclusively in Percheron gresses. horses, of which breed he certainly has some of the best The President of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,

it has ever been our pleasure to see. They are magnifi- who takes a great interest in the dairy herds at the In- cent and one of the largest collections of Percheron horses stitution, purchased from the Hygeia Herd a magnificent in the State of Virginia. We were especially attracted young bull, Hygeia Veeman Butter Boy, sired by De Kol by a family of mares and colts representing the very 2d's Butter Boy 3d and out of the most noted cow of the noted Brilliant blood; in fact, two of the mares were leading family of the herd, Jessie Veeman A. The records grand-daughters of old Brilliant. One of them won the of Butter Boy's ancestors are exceptional, and the tabu- grand championship at St. Louis and the other the junior lation of his pedigree must be seen to be appreciated. Mr. championship, while the colt of one of these mares won Loomis of the Hygeia establishemnt had a very excellent first in his class. The Brilliant blood is the most cele- write-up of this young bull in the June issue of The

brated in France, and has proven to be the most potent Southern Planter. This youngster comes to the V. P. I. in the production of size, quality and stamina, for all of to head a very excellent collection of Holstein-Friesian which Mr. White's horses are of such note as to have won cows and heifers, and will likely be heard from in the many of the leading prizes in our own state, at St. Louis, future. and at the International at Chicago. Mr. White owns the Bowmont Farms. champion mare of Prance, the second and third prize win- The splendid Jersey breeding establishment of Hon. A. ners at Paris, and the second, third and fourth prize win- M. Bowman is located at Salem, Va. The writer lately ners at Nogent, France, last year. We have mentioned his had the pleasure of visiting this place and looking very winnings at the International last year, when the writer carefully over the herd in company with the genial Col- was present and saw his horses on exhibition. A grander onel, than whom no one can give light on the beautiful lot 1 "ere not in evidence from any State. At the Interna- form and many advantages of the Jersey with greater tional in 1906, Mr. White's horse Sam stood next to Pink, genuine enthusiasm. His farms are located in close the International winner. -He has also exhibited his proximity to Salem, and are overlooked by the N. & W. horses at other State fairs than that of Virginia with Railway and depot. The attention of many a traveller has marked success. been called to this place, its barns and silos, with hun- Mr. White does not interest himself particularly in any dreds of acres of fruit trees on the hillside slopes sur- other pure-bred breeds of live stock, except a small herd rounding. The pastures are broad, abundant and beauti- of Shorthorn cattle, but he does take a very great deal of ful. As we drove into the barn yards the Jersey herd was interest in conducting his farm in the most scientific and just coming in from the pastures, and we had the pleas- up-to-date manner. His buildings and fences are all good, ure of watching them drive by as Colonel Bowman gave and one can see on his place a most magnificent apple or- the breeding and history of many of the matrons of the chard consisting of about 4,000 trees that are just now in herd. After the cows had reached their proper places in bearing. These trees were just in the proper spring con- the numerous stables we then made a further inspection. dition to be very attractive when we visited the place, and We started with the babies, about twenty of which ranged Mr. White had but recently been offered $5,000' net for the in age from one to three or four months. Each individ- crop this year. ual was tied in his own little stall, properly bedded, where The rolling contour of hill and dale seen on this beau- it received the attention of the herdsman immediately in tiful place, with its broad bluegrass pastures, makes it charge. The uniformity of these little things was most most attractive. evident. Nearly all were the get of the noted head of the Hygeia Holstein Herd. herd, Imported Eminent, that cost the Colonel $10,000. In Among the farms and herds visited there was none of another barn we saw eleven older heifer calves, all drop- greater interest than that of Dr. W. F. Carter at Crozet, ped since January 1st and all by Eminent but one. Again Albemarle County. This herd, it will be remembered, was our attention was called to the splendid uniformity of secured entire from Dr. S. A. Robinson of Covesville, and color and conformation. In a pasture near by a baker's of yearling heifers, with the is unquestionably one of the leading Holstein-Friesian dozen ever-present and at- herds of the United States. The Jessie Veeman family is tractive uniformity, especially in eleven of the number one of the most noted in existence for both milk and but- sired by Eminent, were shown us, and we could but pass ter production, and, as well, splendid individuality. The the comment of what an attractive nucleus these would wonderful success of this herd in the show ring while make for the establishment of a herd of pure-bred Jerseys. that there are 140' in owned by Dr. Robinson is well remembered, and extends We learn about head the herd, 60 milking. large to winnings in several states other than Virginia. At the of which are A very number of the cows Imported Eminent; others are quite closely related, farm the herd is under the general management of W. F. are by sisters or half sisters, cows that have been Carter, Jr., the very apt and able business son of Dr. being imported at figures. In speaking of Carter, with Mr. J. B. Loomis as superintendent. The by Colonel Bowman long the prices of the important cows of the herd, we were in- herd is being handled on a new farm recently secured by the Carters at Crozet, and its prospects are splendid. The specting a small stable of ten cows, seven of which had house and buildings in connection are up-to-date and in been purchased. Our interest caused us to seek out the good condition. A new barn and silo are other features cost of these animals, which ranged from $50u to$3,700 the condition of which both as to building and sanitation, each, the average cost being $1,268. One of these cows, St. Savior, a published milk record is admirable. More buildings, pastures, and paddocks will Imported Bell of had on 702 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, the Island of 47.5 pounds daily average, and 14 pounds, though not nearly developed, we present herewith a pic- 4 ounces, of butter in seven days. To our mind the most ture taken of him on his arrival the past spring. handsome bull on the place was Eminent's Golden Lad While Colonel Bowman has made a most wonderful III., a bull with great quality, fine character, splendid success of Jersey breeding, he has also made a splendid color, head and horn, and showing a very desirable dis- success in conducting his farms on good scientific prin- position. He is not, as the name would indicate, a son of cipples. W. J. QUICK. Eminent, but carries some lines of the Eminent blood, so Dean and Professor of Animal Husbandry. related that breeding with Eminent's daughters will be Ag'l Exp. Station, Blacksburg, Va. desirable, when the type of the animal is satisfactory to the Colonel. Sensational Fern, a magnificent two-year-old HOW A SOUTHERN DAIRY CLEARED $3,000 IN NINE bull costing $10,200 and a fine fellow in every particular, MONTHS. will, however, be used most extensively on Imported Em- Dairy Herd of the North Carolina A. & M. Co/lege Makes inent's daughters. He was selected by Colonel Bowman This Record Without Pasture. Noteworthy showing and purchased for this express purpose. of Dairying Possiblities in the South. It will be noted that no expense has been spared in To show what the Southern States have to offer along making this one of the finest herds of Jerseys in the world. dairy lines, we present herewith a report of our college The average price of a number of imported young cows dairy herd, which consists of two pure-bred Jersey bulls was made, the prices ranging from $500 to $2,600 and and forty-one Jersey cows, all but six of which are grades. average being $1,070. At the great sales of T. S. the The report covers a period of nine months, during which Cooper Son, Pennsylvania, and A. P. Walker, Rushville, & the average number of cows milked was thirty-eight Ind., for the past eight years, Colonel Bowman has been Following is a statement of receipts and expenditures: leading buyer. Notwithstanding all the recent pur- the Receipts. chases and the up-to-date cows and their produce on the Cash $5,359 00 Bowmont Farms the owner does not forget the valuable Eleven calves 175 00 old matrons of the herd. It was with real affection that Estimated value of manure 8S0 00 the Colonel patted old "Fountaine" and stroked her head. moved on as we were conversing, but she followed up We Total $6,414 00 caresses, when the Colonel said: "This old lady for more Expenditures. cost me $1,0'35 at nine years of age; at the same sale her Concentrates $1,546 00' daughter sold for $1,400. She is fourteen years old now, Two hundred and fifty tons corn silage 500 00 but is soon due to add another to the herd by Imported Twenty-five tons corn stover 150 00 Eminent." Directing our attention to a paddock across the Two tons peavine hay 20 00 way, he said: "There is Lady Letty Lambert, recognized Labor 945 00 as the best Jersey cow living; she is also about fifteen Ice 110 00' years old and one of my pets. She is due by Eminent in Estimated cost of fuel 90 00 only few days." a Sundries 48 00 We cannot close this account of the Bowmont Jerseys without stating that the V. P. I. herd is now headed by Total $3,409 00 Eminent III, just two years old, by Imported Eminent,

Balance in favor of dairy is $3,005 00 Milk was sold in bulk at 25 cents per gallon; cream testing 20 per cent,, at $1.0'0 per gallon; butter at 35 cents per pound; and buttermilk at 15 cents per gallon. Most of the products were sold as milk and cream. The cows received no pasturage whatever, which increased the expense for feed. While only a nine months' record is presented here, these were by no means exceptional months. Indeed, we feel confident from present indications that the net earn- ings for the balance of the year will average higher than those for the period given here. There is an unlimited market for dairy products in this State at the price quoted above, especially for milk and cream. Milk retails at from eignt cents to fifteen cents per quart, with an average of fully ten cents per quart. As to feed, there is no question whatever that a cow can Eminent III Sired by the great Eminent and sold by — be fed more cheaply here than in any of the leading dairy Farms to head the V. P. I. Jersey Herd, Bowmont sections of the country. JOHN MICHELS. and with many Eminent dairy ancestors all along the line N. C. A. & M. College. In Progressive Farmer. of breeding for six generations. This young bull was Will not some of our Virginia dairies let us have reports selected by President Barringer, and is one of the special similar to this and thus show the country that we can attractions at the V. P. I. He is a good looker, and al- do at least as well as our sister Southern State.—Ed. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 703 The Poultry Yard.

POULTRY NOTES. in health and nurse them when sick or ailing but the This month is the most trying one of the year to the hens may roost in the trees or any old place, their houses poultryman as well as to his flock. The egg yield is low are not cleaned more than once a year and only then and prices usually are not satisfactory. Young stock is because we want the manure; they must forage for their growing and must be fed and cared for without any appar- feed and steal a few kernels of corn from the mules and ent income. My experience has been that August is the pigs; get out early enough in the morning to sip the hardest month of the entire twelve on the flock, and unless dew for their drink; they are "shooed" away from every we give extra care and feed to the hens and young stock growing crop, clubbed out of the garden, stoned away this month we will lose time and money in many ways. from the mule stable and the pig pens,' and have their We must provide plenty of shade, feed early and late, pro- heads cut off with a dull hatchet when they are sick and vide clean, fresh water, have some kind of young, tender then their owner will shriek to you at the lop of his voice, forage growing for the flock and keep a good supply "Chickens don't payt" Of course not. of dusting material on hand where the hens may dust Here is another view. This same man is ready to go to themselves in a shady place. Lice and mites increase market or the store and his wife informs him that they very rapidly during the hot summer months and extra must have some coffee, sugar, tea, soap, a couple of sacks work and watchfulness is necessary to Keep these pests of flour, starch, oil, lamp, wicks, matches, etc., etc. Listen! in check. Hens require very little corn during hot weather. Hear him: "Great Dane Amo woman! How am I to I feed a wet mash in the morning composed of four parts get all of that stuff. Have you any eggs to send?" "Yes, wheat bran, one part coarse corn meal and one part meat darling, I have twenty dozen and they are worth 20 cents meal. For the noonday feed I prefer oats soaked twenty- per dozen now, and you will have money enough to get four hours, and the evening feed is wheat or wheat screen- all that I need for the family, and you had better get a ings. I want my hens to go to roost with a full crop. quarter's worth of tobacco for yourself." Did you ever If they do not eat wheat with a relish I give some oats hear such a conversation? Honest now, did you? Did or corn. My hens are laying well on this ration and you never borrowed any of your wife's egg money? Did you? are in fine condition. Many of them are beginning to Here is another picture. It is Sunday morning. One moult. We have about 50 early hatched pullets that will of the children comes rushing in and breathlessly exclaims, be laying by August 15th, and they are given this same "Oh, mama, there comes a whole buggy load of company." ration. The grove of large trees affords abundant shade Sure enough there they come. After the customary hand and a splendid place to feed and-Xeep a supply of water shaking and how-de-does, the team is put away and the always accessible. I have part of a field of corn near the guests escorted to the parlor. After a few moments of house sown to rye, wheat, oats and clover for them and conversation the good wife excuses herself as she must they make good use of it. It pays to sow these grains "see about dinner." What shall it be? Chicken of course. and clover very thick—five bushels of the grain mixture Roast chicken. A good fat hen is decapitated, dressed and half a bushel of crimson clover seed per acre is not and roasted and the company is given a dinner fit for a king. that too much. Sow a good sized patch of land to buckwheat _ "He bringeth relief in the hour of need early this month where the hens can get it as it begins is thy best friend," but this friend had been stoned and to form grain. Sow turnips and rutabagas for winter use. kicked and cussed all summer. How very often we fail I prefer them to cabbage. to see or realize the good in our friends until after they The best place for a dusting box is under some build- are dead. Did you ever gaze on this picture? Honest ing or outhouse. We have an old cook room with a floor now, was that hen worth what she cost you? Did that about two feet from the ground. This building is 16x18 basket of eggs cost you $4.00? Could you have sold the feet square, and we throw air-slaked lime, woodashes and bugs, grubs, insects, grass, the few grains of corn and insect powder under this building occasionally and the wheat that the hens ate while making that basket of eggs hens have an ideal dusting place there for summer use, for $4.00? For half of it? The hens have been acting as cool and rather dark. Go over the roost poles, nest boxes scavengers and saving the waste products of the farm and interior of houses with a fine spray of kerosene oil and putting them into a cash product in spite of your and crude carbolic acid, three parts oil to one of acid once clubs your kicks and cuss words. every week during this month and next and very few I want to repeat what I have written many times in mites will be found. Many people will say "This is too these notes, viz.: There is no live stock on the farm that much trouble." It is no more trouble, no more work to pays as large a profit on the capital invested and feed

keep a hen house clean and sanitary than it is to keep consumed as a flock of good hens, and I challenge any a horse stable, a cow stable, or a pig stye clean and one to prove that this statement is not correct. I have healthful, yet we do this kind of work every day. We never advocated expensive houses or equipment. I do not build good stables, silos, yards and fences for our cattle believe that fancy points count for profit to the farmer, and spend large sums of money for machinery and equip- but I do believe that good, pure-bred stock, clean, cheaply ment to raise hay, grain and silage for our live stock. made houses and good care and feed will pay and pay We buy wind wheels, rams and engines to pump water for well. them, cut and grind their feed, groom their glossy coats A lady recently sent me a copy of an advertisement 704 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, that is going the rounds of many of the cheap "get rich mate the amount of business he can do in selling for quick" papers. Here is the heading of it: "$200 in Six breeding purposes. Extensive advertising will help, but Months from 20 Hens." "Two pound broilers in eight it will also eat into the profits. The number any one weeks." "Chicken feed at 15 cents per bushel." The ad- man can sell among his neighbors is also limited. We vertiser will tell you all of these marvelous things for have been in this business in a small way for over thirty

$1.00. Wonderful, is it not? This looks like an adver- years, breeding nothing but Barred Rocks of a large, rug- tisement printed in a leading magazine some years ago. ged, practical strain. We have not advertised widely, How to clear $50,000 in one year. Very little capital but we have an increasing number of well-pleased cus- required. Full instructions for $5.00. A young man in my tomers scattered through several States, and yet I do employ sent the V. and received a neat card In return not count upon selling more than forty or fifty cockerels on which was printed one line. It read, "Fish for suckers per year for breeding purposes. I frequently have orders like I do." I do not say that it is impossible for an expert or inquiries for pullets by the dozen which I cannot fill. with a well established trade and reputation to make We are already shipping young birds on early orders, and $200 from 20 hens in six months, but I do say that 99 out intend to keep the number down by rapid sales. All but of every 100 who will try the scheme will find that if the best go to market. they will have $20 clear at the end of the six months they It is evident, therefore, that when we began this sea- will be fortunate. The man who advertises such wonder- son to increase our flock to the limit of profit, we ex- ful discoveries and offers them to you for a single little pected to put the greater part of our product on the mar- dollar is making his living from the credulity of the pub- ket for table purposes. If there is no profit in this, then lic and not from hens and the man who sells him we have little ground for urging the average farmer to advertising space is helping him to rob you. Every fair, buy and raise better stock. honest and legitimate business should and does yield a At present we have about 750 chicks, all hatched on or fair profit and anything that promises more than this is since April 18th, and are still setting all the eggs we get questionable and should be left severely alone. from our diminished flock of hens. The fertility and CAL HUSSELMAN. hatchability continue good, but we are having one of the worst droughts ever known, so early in summer, and there GETTING THE BEST PRICES. is hardly any vegetation which a little chick can eat. the size, are digging and eating new Editor Southern Planter: Mine at one-pound potatoes. Shipments have begun to arrive in Washington under I have one pointer on the care of chicks. Make the the blue label of The Southern Table-Poultry Club, and coops rain-proof. Use wire fronts or doors for ventila- we are glad to report that thus far these consignments tion, and keep the bottom covered two inches deep with have been of a quality which brought top market prices. fine, dry dirt. Then you can brush or scrape the drop- My first sale under the blue label was made July 20th, pings off the dirt once or twice a week and keep a clean when ten of our large strain of Barred Plymouth Rock coop with a minimum of labor. The chicks will be less hens, ranging from two to five years old were taken di- liable to crooked breast-bones and leg weakness than if rectly from the laying flock and delivered to the com- kept on bare board floors, and lice will be must less mission merchant by wagon. They were sold within half troublesome. an hour at 13% cents per pound, and the ten hens weighed A correspondent says five drops of sulphuric acid in seventy-four pounds, or within one pound of full standard a pint of water for fifty chicks to drink will almost al- exhibition weight for the entire lot. They would have ways cure diarrhoea in little chicks. put much more than a pound in their crops if given an W. A. SHERMAN'. opportunity. The selling price was, therefore, $9.99 for Vienna, Va. the ten hens, taken near the end of the laying season, when we had worked off all the winter fat that we could, ROSE-COMB RHODE ISLAND REDS. and when two of the hens had begun moulting, and starting new feathers abundantly. These hens brought a half Editor Southern Planter: cent per pound above any others sold that day, so far Mr. Pleasants writes in the July Planter very enthusi- as I could learn. astically about game chickens. Mr. Sheiman continues to This same lot of hens weighed between eighty and talk of Barred Plymouth Rocks, and we all know Mr. eighty-five pounds last winter, and would have fattened Husselman's choice. up to the same weight next fall, but no one could afford I beg a little space for my favorite breed, that they may to keep them through the moult on grain at present prices not go unnoticed. for the increased weight, and then probably sell at lower For the last five years I have raised only Rose-Comb rates per pound. Rhode Island Reds, and find them nearer an ideal fowl Let me again urge every practical reader not to let than any other. Having the beauty and vigor of the game, any hen grow a new winter coat at his expense unless size of Plymouth Rocks, and laying equally as well as the he intends to keep her all winter. "Sell your surplus Leghorns. Indeed, they lay better for me. While I can- hens before they shed" is one of the watchwords of true not claim a hundred per cent, hatched of all eggs set, as economy in management. does Mr. Pleasants, I will give results of two lots shipped Sales of Breeding Stock. to different parts of the country: The beginner in pure-bred poultry is liable to overesti- Fifty-six went out into the mountains of Virginia, over 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 705-

New River Division of N. & W. R. R., changing cars sev- FEEDING THE DAIRY COW. eral times, and driven several miles across the country. Our present knowledge of feeding can be boiled down.' Fifty-four hatched and were all living at a month old. into the following maxims: The next lot, forty-nine, went to Southeastern North The more food the cow can be induced to eat, the more Carolina. The hen broke two or three, forty-three hatched milkj she will produce. Cows do not usually consume and forty-itwo were raised. I think those two will be more food than they can properly digest. The ration, enough to prove baby Reds are strong. therefore, should be made as palatable as possible in I hope the grumblers read what Mr. Husselman said order to induce the cow to eat larger quantities. about poultry failures. The larger the amount of protein in the ration, the Misapplied Poultry Knowledge. larger the milk flow. Protein in the ration is essential Now, I will tell you a true story of why one woman, to the production of milk. and a Southside Virginian, too, failed to make the for- The less energy required to digest the ration, the larger tune in poultry she thought she would. After reading a the milk flow. great many books and papers on poultry she came to the The richer the ration, the richer the manure. The dairy conclusion it was an easy job. Just guard against vermin, farmer must look here for a large part of his profit. and that was all. She bought sixty fine eggs, and set No two cows can be fed alike. Each must be studied them under five hens. Three weeks went by and not differently. Increase the protein in the ration and watch an egg was pipped; another week and she denounced the the milk flow.—Prof. C. L. Beach. man from whom she bought the eggs. A neighbor was condoling with her and listening sympathetically to her tale about the "care she took in setting those eggs; how FARMER AND PLANTER. she had thoroughly greased every egg herself, that when In Mr. Massey's most valuable articles and comments the little chickens came they might not be bothered with 7 he is always drawing the distinction between "Planter' lice. and "Farmer" (May Planter, p. 423) and very justly A little melted lard on the top of eacn little head and so with the meanings he attributes to these words and under each little throat is all they need for a week or with the beneficent ends he has in view. But the dis- two. Don't grease the eggs. Then dust with some insect tinction emphasized was not, even forty years ago, com- powder. Give them plenty of fresh water to drink and monly understood as Mr. Massey understands it. This is plenty to eat; a dust bath near, dry sleeping quarters kept merely one case in ten thousand for the maker of dic- whitewashed and the battle is over. tionaries, who find that every change in the conditions You will not make a fortune, but besides supplying your of a people's life not only causes new words to be adopted table with chickens and eggs you will find at the end of but brings about the attachment of new meanings to old the year a nice little sum of money over and above ex- words. penses. The word "Planter" in our country first took hold in Nottoway Co., Ya. MISS L. V. SPENCER. the tobacco regions (where it was literally correct) and from there was extended to the cotton belt. "I plant so- FIRE INSURANCE OF POULTRY PLANTS. many hills" grew into "I am a planter." The man who We have noticed recently the destruction by fire of planted little or no tobacco naturally called himself a several poultry plants. It is a point worthy of attention farmer. Unfortunately, perhaps, the number of such by poultry keepers that in order to maintain a valid claim farmers, successful at their business, was not large against an Insurance Company for damages done by fire enough to make possible the maintenance of parity be- it is necessary to pay an additional premium where an tween the two standards and the terms descriptive of them. incubator is run in the buildings. We are informed that It was about 1830, no doubt, that the word "planter" in an additional premium of 1 per cent for three years is Virginia began to decline in premium value, the rea- required.—Ed. sons being the same as those that lead Mr. Massey to-day to preach the gospel of "farming." In his very interesting summary of conditions in Vir- ginia n 1864 (to be found in the report of the U. S. Com- mission of Agriculture for that year) the Rev. S. M. Janney of Loudoun county, remarks that in the best red land section of Loudoun there are more farmers than planlters. His meaning plainly is that in that part of that part of Loudoun there were in 1864 more grain farms than tobacco farms. The substance of the matter is that farmers, like other practical men, have little us for etymology. But it

is just as well to rmeember what the history of our common words is. ALFRED L. MORRISON..

Prince Edward Co., Va. 1,000 White Leghons at Breakfast at J. W. Howard's, Saxe, Va. 706 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, The Horse.

NOTES. the trotters, Gracie W., 2:29%, by Blue Victor, son of Jay Bird, and Iron Pilot, the bay gelding Worker, son W. J. Carter. by Iron of Mambrino King, dam by Guy Wilkes. The latter is a "Broad Rock." green trotter, with quite a turn of speed, and seems likely With a bright outlook ahead, the management of the to make a very useful horse in the slow classes this Virginia State, Fair Association is putting forth strong season. efforts to make the forthcoming Fair the greatest yet Earing will follow the line of the Maryland and Virginia seen in the Old Dominion. The premium list has been Circuit, and his stable includes Gracie W., Iron Pilot, revised, new classes added, and the prizes increased in Classman, Estuary, 2:15%; Zack, 2:16%; Brooklet Chimes, many instances. General Manager, Mark R. Lloyd, who is 2:16%, the handsome bay pacing mare that was a close also Assistant Secretary of the Association, has cause to second in heats paced around 2:11 over the half-mile feel elated over the generous support accorded his efforts tracks last fall; Nettie May, 2:22%; Meda Director, bay

from widely different sections, an evidence of which is mare, 6, by Point Director, dam Meda, 2:24%, dam of Bed- the large demand for the new premium list, with the many ford Girl, 2:16%, by Harold and Kingston, bay gelding, 5, letters of encouragement from prominent agriculturists by Clay King, dam by Red Leaf, 2:22%, son of C. F. Clay, and others. A new addition to Manager Lloyd's office 2:18. force is Cyrus T. Fox, of Reading, Pa., well known in con-

nection with fairs and for the last six years connected in Presque Isle, 2:29%, by Norfolk, 3670, dam Mambrino,

that direction with the Associations at Roanoke, Lynch- by Mambrino King, is now owned by J. n;. Wingfield, of burg and Radford, which are now members of the Vir- Esmont Albemarle county Virginia and some of the best ginia-Carolina Circuit, the latter being made up of differ- mares in that section have been mated with the big bay points in our own State and the two Carolinas. stallion. Presque Isle is a horse of grand size, being over One of the features of the premium list of interest to 16 hands high and weighing 1250 pounds, with rare man- breeders and horse fanciers in general is the addition of ners and a good disposition. Nothwithstanding his size, several new classes with added money In others. The Presque Isle could show a great speed on the trot, as while speed programme, as prepared by the Race Committee, in training he could brush eighths in 16 seconds—a 2:08 with J. T. Anderson, as Chairman, is an attractive one gait. His breeding is stout, too, being by Norfolk, sire and the purses offered will attract some good horses to of Miss Nelson, 2:11%, one of the fastest trotters ever compete in the different events to be contested. The early bred in Virginia, while the dam, Mambrino, figures as a closing events for harness attracted a nice list of entries, great brood mare and was sired by Mambrino King, a pro- while the open purses announced will prove a drawing lific sire of speed and one of the handsomest horses ever card for others. From two to three harness races are seen in America. The get of Presque Isle make large, carded for each day, and from three to four for runners. handsome harness horses, while many of them are natural The latter will compete in both races on the flat and saddlers, with style and finish. over the jumps, as the steeple chase events are always particularly fancied by many, as being rather of the spec- Due to legal enactments so seriously affecting races that tacular order. Taken as a whole, the week of Octobpr prices of thoroughbreds have greatly deteriorated, the 5-10, the dates of the Virginia State Fair, will be an event- yearlings bred by James R. Keene, at his famous Castle- ful one in Richmond's history and many thousands will ton stud, Lexington, Ky., were shipped to England and flock to our capital city during that time, as the Mecca sold at Newmarket, July 15th, with excellent results. of refined sport and numerous festivities. The youngsters were not looking their best either, due to a bad voyage. Nine colts brought an aggregate of $11,000 The Montezuma Stock Farm stable of harness horses and ten fillies $14,000. Lord Londsdale, who bought sev- were shipped back to Richmond from the Rock- eral of these yearlings paid $3,750, the top price of the Ohio, port and Canton, meetings, after which Norfolk, sale, for a filly by Disguise II, out of Czarina, and $1,600 point. Va., was the next The opening meeting of the for a filly, by Kingdom, out ot Gingham. The twenty head Maryland and Virginia Circuit took place at Norfolk dur- sold for $25,000, making an average of more than $1,300. ing the last week in July, and several of the Montezuma Farm horses started while others will take part in the Virginia bred horses are winning on the Canadian tracks Tasley meeting now in progress. Samuel E. Earing, who this summer, among the latest to earn brackets being the stable, also does the training driving. manages and Billie Gibbs, bay gelding, 3, by Fatherless, dam Aurine, Earing made his first start of the season at the Gentle- by Eolus, who was a stake winner last season as a two- men's Driving Park, Baltimore, where he finished second year-old, and the steeple chasers Waterway, bay gelding, Estuary, third in in one race with and with Nettie May 5, by Waterlevel, dam Runaway, by Algerine, and Wood- Baltimore the stable shipped another. From was to Rock- side, chestnut gelding, 4, by Norwood, dam Bell Andrews, port, Ohio, where Nettie May won a five-heat race and by John Happy. Billie Gibbs is a product of the Ellerslie the daughter of Sidney Prince trotted to a new record stud, at Charlottesville, while Waterway and Woodside of 2:22%. were bred at Esmont, also in Albemarle county, by J. E. Two additions were made in the stable at Cleveland in Lane. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 707

Essential, the bay mare, by Marvelous, 12210, dam thoroughbred, or highly-strung trotting or pacing mare Bertha Red, by Red Wilkes, is making speed in the hands will make a quicker and more enduring animal than any of William Bass, at the State Fair grounds track. Bass other I have seen tried. What the mule of the second worked her a comfortable mile in 2:29, the latter half of tier of counties wants, more than anything else is gimp; which was trotted in better than 1:13 on Tuesday last. that is, the nerve force that has been developed in the Essential was recently purchased by S. B. Nelson from dam by generations of high feed and strenuous exertion

Robert Moffett, Chestertown, Md. She was bred by C. W. on the race track. I have seen half thoroughbred horses

Baker, of Aberdeen, Md., and is a full sister' to the trot- that suit these people well; if from large mares of some ters Marlow, 2:22%, and Marvel Girl, 2:23%. trotting inheritance, the best of them come near to being general purpose animals, and they will stand more heat THE FARM HORSE PROBLEM* in the harvest field or in the corn field tha nany other Editor Southern Planter: type of horse I have ever tried in that section, but when After reading the articles on the farm horse in the July you get back into the tier of counties just west of the Blue issue, I am tempted to "pour a little oil on the troubled Ridge; counties like Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Augus- waters," at the same time recognizing that he who takes ta, you are in a transition region with a climate and alti- a middle position is often the common object at which tude more nearly approaching that of Ohio and Indiana, all parties take aim. the true home of the draft horse, than is that of Tidewa- In my opinion, all the disputants are correct from their ter Virginia; and there your 1,100' pound half-bred or points of view, but seem utterly incapable of grasping trotter, and even the almost omnipresent mule, unless he that of the other fellow. The truth of the matter is that is a big one, would be as unable to meet and compete different sections require different types of horse. I have with the draft horse as the same draft horse would be no doubt that on the limestone lands of Rockingham it unable to keep his wind in the blistering heat of a Tide- is easy to raise 2,000 pounds Percherons, and at that water harvest field, when harnessed beside a bigger- altitude such a horse can do farm work with comfort to lunged, thinner skinned, more wiry and nervous animal. himself, and pleasure to the driver, but such a horse it is In regard to the type of draft horse best suited to our impossible to grow on the light, sandy lands of the coast Virginia farms, in altitudes where draft horses can do region, and if we get one from the western part of the the work, it is, to my mind, largely a question of per- State, he will go away to skin and bone, and finally die sonal choice. As a general rule, the farther west you go on the same feed, and doing the same work that a trot- and the higher and stiffer the land, the larger horse you ting bred, or half-thoroughbred horse will do all his will need, but over large sections of Virginia there are life, and stay fat in the doing. This is not theory with only two breeds that meet the requirements, the Percheron us here in the Tidewater section. We have seen it tried and the Suffolk Punch. Both have their admirers and time and again, and while a Percheron cross adds weight, ardent advocates, with the former in the lead as to num- and makes a desirable animal for our farm work, we find bers, as the latter are little known. Why this is so, I am that the half breeds are rather better sires than the thor- unable to say; for those specimens of the breed I have oughbreds, and in no case do we grow them above 1,200 seen seem to me, to combine more good qualities than pounds after the second generation. Nor would the East- anv other race of farm horses. They are hardy, compact, ern Shore breeder in that great nursery of speed with his docile, about the right size, with plenty of weight on short small light mares be wise to patronize a Percheron sire, legs, and in these requirements are equalled by the Per- when he has access to such a horse as Sidney Prince and cheron, but they have two points which seem to me, su- Bedworth. The people of the low country on both sides perior to the latter; their good color (bays and chest- of the Chesapeake are natural horsemen, and take to the nuts predominating) and the conformation of the hind trotter as they do to the water. This country is level, quarters, in that respect all the English Dreeds are supe- with good roads in the summer, the farms are small and rior to the French. The Hackney has a better loin and easily tilled; (one and two-horse farms are in the majority) quarters than the French Coach and the Punch and they want a horse that will do the work, and to drive than the Percheron. This i attribute to a national pecul- on the road as well. For this purpose nothing suits them iarity not of the horses, but of the men. Show a fine as well as a 15.2, 1,100 pound trotter or pacer. Were horse to a French man, and he will look the animal over such a people, and such a land found in a mountainous and examine the front legs, head and shoulders. Show region they would turn naturally to the moroughbred, and the same horse to an Englishman, aLd he will end his Kentucky-gaited saddle horses as better suited to a rough examination by standing behind your norse to admire his country, than the light harness horse. These people have quarters and stifles, if these parts are worthy of his ad- no use for a Percheron, and no use for a mule, as neither miration. This point is brought out by Mr. Lever in will meet their requirements on the road, but as you "Charles O'Malley," where during the Peninsular campaign proceed westward the farms grow larger, the land more the grooms walk behind the new horse, and the English- tenacious, the country more rolling, and there you find man remarks, after running his hand over the animal's a larger, heavier horse, or a mule in far better demand. quarters, " 'Ear's the stuff to carry him over timber." "Or These people are not trying to breed trotters and pacers, a stone-wall," says Micky Free, thinking of Galway. and they are right in not doing so; they want more The forequarters of a good French coach or Percheron weight in the horse, and they want a disposition that will horse cannot be excelled, but to my mind even the best of stand rougher handling. To my mind, me mule is their them are meaty rather than muscular in the hind quar- best work animal, and a mule from the thoroughbred, half ters, and are particularly deficient in the loin and stifle; 708 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

and while the English breeds may not, as a class, quite portions of the anatomical structure, and for my part, I equal the French in the fore quarters, head and neck, the greatly prefer calomel. loin and hind quarters of the Hackney and Suffolk Punch Procreatively, however, he has been tried, but never horses are beyond comparison, superior those to of the found wanting. His blood was largely used in founding French coach and Perchercns. Of course, there are ex- the breed of trotters, and formerly it was the only blood ceptions that prove the rule. I speak not of individuals, that had an ancestry of long continued high fe'eding; and but of the broad distinction of class. The Clydesdales and great development of nerve force. It was to the early Shires I regard as too heavy for use as farm animals any- trotters what the bull-dog was to the greyhound: it gave where east of the Blue Ridge. This is large country a of courage, determination and lung power to the pacer and ours, and there is room for all breeds, and locations trotter, and speed at their peculiar gait. In some cases it where all will thrive and where all will not fail to meet was used tcJR little, and resulted in an undesirable type. the demands of humanity. There is more difference in In all cases it has long ago outlived its usefulness, for climate, soil and altitude, in many of our States than is the breed has now a racing and feed inheritance of its found in some of the smaller countries of Europe. Look own, which in the very nature* of such things must be ac- at the level costal plain of Virginia, a land of long, straight, cumulative, and will probably culminate in setting our smooth, white roads, flanked by trees, regarded as aven- great-grandchildren to looking as eagerly for some more ues in less favored sections, as they arch from either phlegmatic brains to mix with the future trotter as our side to meet overhead, forming seemingly interminable great-grandfatbers looked to the thorougnbred as a possi- vistas. land regarded as and uninteresting A tame by the ble source of new force in their horses. The thoroughbred casual visitor, but one you learn to love on long acquaint- cross is now a backward step for our trotting horse breed- ance, and compare it with the wider landscape and noble ers. Whether or not the saddle horse breeders need addi- views of the foothills of the Blue Ridge. There are few tional infusions of it is more than I can say. They have more inspiring sights on this poor old mussed-up footstool in this section a reputation for softness, and lack of stam- of the Lord than some of these views over the peaceful nia, which is certainly not characteristic of their thor- countryside in Albemarle as you look to westward the oughbred ancestors, nor of the Narragansett pacer, and Blue Ridge from some of the elevated points on the east- his ancestors, if the historical data unearthed by Wallace ern borders of the county. I have sat on horse minute my in his hunts among the musty records of antiquity may after minute unable to tear myself away until the sinking be trusted. It is probable that those specimens of the of the sun behind the warned it time mountains me was breed lacking endurance are deviations from a good aver- to seek some shelter for the night. Such radical differ- age inheritance, due to lack of immediate ancestral devel- ences will make a distinction in the race of men after a opment. At all events, where such weakness exists, while, let alone the breed of horses. combined with pronounced pacing inclinations, it may be In regard to the thoroughbred horse, I hold peculiar views, remedied by the thoroughbred horse, should it exist in which I might feel some hesitation in expressing were it combination with loss of saddle gaits by a cross to the Hal not for the fact that I the only person in the county am family, of Tennessee, or any of the kindred strains which who ever owned and bred from a thoroughbred stallion, possess the lateral gait combined with a good racing in- and, therefore, can approach the subject without fear of heritance, will do the work equally as well. The American prejudice in favor of other strains of blood, for I claim trotter will be the best source from which to derive qual- the thoroughbred running horse to be individually the most ity for the succeeding generation of coach and heavy har- useless and procreatively the most useful of all the strains ness horses, whenever it is demonstrated tnat they are in horsedom. I say individually the most useless, I When falling below the required standard in that particular, for mean that as a farm horse he is of too high a nervous he not only possesses the required action along with it, but temperament; as a road horse too slow; and as a saddle a rate of speed which the thoroughbred cannot give, and horse too rough gaited; for we want our farm horses of which is being more and more sought after by the wealthy phlegmatic dispositions, our road horses with some speed purchasers of carriage horses. It would seem from the at the trot or pace, and our saddle horses with some gait foregoing that even procreatively the runner has outlived besides a trot at which they can negotiate long distances, his former usefulness with the possible exception of the for I take it no man, and, of course, no lady, who had evel saddle horse, but there is one field still unconsidered in accustomed themselves to the gaits of a Kentucky saddle which he is predominant, and in which I do not well see horse would for one moment consider the riding of a how he can ever be replaced. I mean as a sire of hunt- trotting horse for a 100- or 200-mile trip, and to gallop a ers. There is no race of horses that can be taught to thoroughbred horse that goes as a runner should go is jump so easily or that con so successfully transmit the nearly as bad, for they draw up their hind quarters under power, quality and muscle, combined with firmness, and them, and shoot themselves out in a way that is most hardness of bone required in the steeplechase, or hunting exhilirating for a few minutes, but very tiresome when horse, as the thoroughbred. Of course, there are some ridden hour after hour. trotters and pacers that can jump just as there are ex-

I want it thoroughly understood that I am not under-es- ceptions to all general rules, but the mental tendency of timating the runner in his sphere. To gallop one over turf the well-bred harness horse is to use his legs in pairs, is one of the pleasantest pleasures I know, and the dis- one hind leg, with one front leg, when making great ef- cordant shout of the rail birds, "They're off! " Is sweet forts, a proclivity which must be overcome in order to ne- music to my ears, but to ride on the road: while it may gotiate a jump, and is to that extent contrary to inheri- be excellent for the liver, is certainly destructive to other tance and inclination, but with the thoroughbred this is 1908.] THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 709 not the case, his tendency leaning rather more to the use to the Southern Planter as far back, I think, as 1899? At of his legs in pairs each two fore legs and two hind legs least it was at that time re-published in several papers. together, which habit needs only the slight modification "There never was an animal so thoroughly misunderstood of a lengthened stride for the broad jump, and in the high by farmers as the thoroughbred horse and his crosses. 1 jump the handling of the legs in forward and rear pairs do know from actual experience of many years that the is still carried out, although the action is still more inten- best general purpose horse is the large half-bred horse. sified. I am now working every day sons of Eolus and Mount

Mr. Hunter, of Essex, I think, has expressed himself d'Or, the latter a son of Imported Mortimer and Carrie as favorable to the formation of a sub-race of thorough- Atherton by Lexington. Our land is stiff, red clay and I bred horses selected especially for their size and quality defy any man to produce a three-horse team that are truer as a successful venture in producing good general pur- pullers or that will do more plowing than one of these pose horses. That this is can be done is a proposition teams. The half-bred is not only a good farm animal, but which admits of no contradiction to my mind, and I am a breeder cannot go wrong in raising them, as they make inclined to the opinion that the Irish breeders have al- the very best saddle and harness horses. They are easily ready done this in the formation of the breed of Irish kept fat and always show when a currycomb has touched hunters, a few of which I have seen imported to this one of them. * * * If you would take up the subject you country by the members of the Meadow Brook Hunt Club, would not only benefit the farmers greatly, but will im- on Long Island, N. Y. I am sorry to say that I am not prove the horse stock of Virginia more than a hundred correctly informed as to the ancestry of these horses, and per cent, in a short time. I would suggest and recommend do not know whether they are the product of selection the breeding of thoroughbred stallions on large native pure and simple, or whether they may not have a cold mares and mating the best native stallions on thorough- cross or two on the maternal side in the older generations, bred mares." but of their excellence I am ever ready to bear testimony. Now, I think Mr. A. B. Hancock, in his article referred We are generally inclined to associate what is large in to by Mr. Lewis, substantially endorses the views of his horsedom with a tendency toward softness of muscle and distinguished father, and while I could add the testimony coarseness of hone, and rightly so in most cases, as in to the same effect of a number of successful horse breed- almost all races of men and animals we find the small ers in America, it is not my intention to prolong dis- specimens are stronger and more active in proportion cussion of the subject. My own views are immaterial to to height and weight than the large, but these Irish hunt- the question here, but were plainly expressed in my arti- ers would seem an exception to the rule as they possess cle to The Planter a few months since and certainly I the fineness of bone and density of muscle of the best of did not intend to advocate the claim to value of "a pair our racing stock combined with a size and weight that of little misfit hunters, trotters or runners" even in com- often approaches seventeen hands and 1,300 pounds, and, parison with the "weanling pure-bred draft colt," having with it all, remarkably well balanced brains and more no special fancy for either type of horse mentioned. of what our English cousins call quality than I have ever P. S. HUNTER. seen in any other breed. Essex Co., Va. I am well aware that some of the views advanced above are not new, and have been already on the battle ground FARM HORSES. of controversy, and also that others are here advanced Editor Southern Planter: for the first time, and may expect a similar fate, still, The way the big horsemen are roasting me reminds me such as they are, I hold them, and, until demonstrated to of the way the beef cattlemen get up on their hind legs be misconceived, will hold them to be at least reasons whenever one talks about a special-purpose dairy cow. for existing conditions for which heretofore breeders have Of course, where a farmer is situated so that it pays to attempted no explanation which has come to my cogni- raise horses he can raise draft horses profitably, and for zance. PERCIVAL HICKS. many purposes he will find the big horses useful. But Mathews Co., Va. if the same men were farming on the level sandy soils of the cotton country of the South Atlantic coast, they FARM HORSES. would find that the big Percheron was out of his element. Editor Southern Planter': If I was farming on the rolling hills of the great valley

Mr. John F. Lewis, in his article upon Farm Horses, I would probably want big horses. On the level, light, in your last issue, seems firmly impressed with the supe- sandy soils, where I now live they are not needed except rior value of his Percherons or heavy draft horses, and I for heavy hauling in the town, and even on our streets admire the capacity to think strongly whatever you do the motor wagons are getting common, and as we are think. But when he refers me for refutation of my falla- prohibition people we do not have any big beer wagons. cies to Mr. A. B. Hancock's letter, and also admonishes Mr. Lewis has doubtless found the Percheron best suited us (the misguided) to think a second and see that a to his purposes and I am perfectly content that he shall pair of little misfitted hunters, trotters or runners will not prefer them there. Mr. Lewis may think it a disgrace to bring the price of a weanling pure-bred draft colt. I breed a Percheron mare to a Jack, but in many sections fail to see the necessity of such mental effort as relevant there is more money in mule raising than in horse rais- to my preference for well selected and trained thorough- ing, and one wishing heavy mules could not do better than bred stock. Will you, Mr. Editor, re-publish the follow- to use Percheron mares. It is a matter of money rather

ing extract from a contribution of Capt. R. J. Hancock than sentiment. I have never owned a Suffolk Punch, 710 THE SOUTHEKE" PLANTEK. [August, but from what I have seen I would agree with the Editor to pure-bred Percheron stallions; then I bought my first that they would be a far better type of farm horse for Percheron stallion, a fairly good horse, for $1,650, and general use than the Percheron, though I cannot get over only had $30C in casn to pay on him, so I had to go in the old Virginia liking for a horse that has some thorough- debt to buy him. After breeding grades tor a short while, It bone. bred blood in him. was bred in the I figured that I could make time and money by buying W. F. MASSEY. some pure-bred mares, and while not yet a multi-million- aire, I have managed to live and make a little money. PERCHERONS PREFERABLE TO SUFFOLK PUNCH; I have to-day twenty-nine Percherons, all registered and OR, PRACTICE VERSUS THEORY. good individuals. I sold a weanling for $450; two year- Editor Southern Planter: ling fillies for $S00; one 2-year-old for $950; another Messrs, Massey, Hunter and others, and even the tal- 2-year-old for $1,400; a pair of fillies two years and three ented Editor of The Planter have seen fit to express their years old for $1,200, and numerous others at from $300 to opinion on the best farm horse. I have no doubt that all $600 each. What would the same aged Suffolk Punch of these gentlemen are qualified to fill some position or colts have fetched? profession, I if but dare say that any one of them had As to "M's" statement that the Percheron ' has been been started in the horse-breeding business one and all pampered for generations, I take issue with him there. of often retired stomach; them would have on an empty I have never seen as hard horse masters in this country for any advises breeding a "general purpose" man who as I met in France, and at Havre I saw a big Perche- horse is doing an injury to the country, and the "cranks" ron stallion hitched to a long ladder-like dray, pulling follow advice. If, all of prefer who his as them say, they 23 bales of cotton. I also saw on the pike in Franklin such a horse, buy him, let the other fellow breed and county, Pennsylvania, a pair of mares weighing probably raise him. 1,800 pounds each hauling 128 bushels of wheat into On Wednesday, June 24th, at Col. Cooper's sale, Union Gretncastle, a distance of over three miles, and this, the Stock Yards, Chicago, a pair of ton geldings were with- owner told me, was done every day, making two trips, drawn from the sale ring on an $800 bid. Now how many and he had his big wheat crop on two farms to move with Suffolks or Suffolk grade geldings do you suppose it would these two-horse teams, and he also said he had hauled take to bring that amount? as much as 140 bushels with two horses. While this pike in for drafters last Price record Chicago season were is good and solid, still all around Greencastle there are broken by a load of big ones—21 head that averaged $422.15 some very high hills over which these teams had to pull. the highest figure on single drafter for the year was — a I will wager a pair of Percheron mares against a pair of pair, $530, and $940 for a and the increased price in horses Suffolk Punch mares, that I can show four pairs, any one has been extraordinary. In 1897 the horses in the United of which will move a load quickly over a mile that no States had a valuation of $31.51-100 per head, and in 1907 Suffolk Punch mares can start. This I considering offering their valuation had risen to $93.51-100, although the wise odds of about three to one, valuing the mares as they penny-a-line writers had written the horses' obituary many should be. times over. Now, as to the Percheron disposition, when a man My advice to breeders or farmers is to try and produce attacks the disposition he shows his utter ignorance of something that will bring the most money for the same Percheron character, as no horse, not even the Shetland outlay, or less, and that is a big gelding with quality, pony, has a disposition as good. I have worked four not a gunny-legged beef, but a horse with good, big, clean aged stallions together in a four-horse team, and every bone, and no horse has yet been found or bred that fills day during the breeding season my stallions are testing the bill as does the Percheron. Ask the users on city and serving mares and I work them regularly half day, streets what horse carries the best middle on same ration, always one, in the four-horse team, and often two, using moves a heavy load with most speed, has the cleanest them with mares in and out of season. I never owned a limbs, and best feet; and nine out of every ten, I venture vicious Percheron, but I have owned two vicious thor- to say, will name the horse of Perche. I did not go into oughbreds. I am not wedded to any breed of horses, and the business on a day's thinking and observation; it would if I thought the mule a better animal and more of a money have been much better had I done so though, as things maker, I would have several Jacks before this week was have turned out, but I was a son of a man who believed out. that the thoroughbred was the only horse, better for rac- Excuse me, in my (brief) article I neglected to call ing, riding and driving, and all work; and, having friends attention to Armour's great size horse team of greys who were prejudiced against the heavier horses or draft- noted on both sides of the sea. The average weight per ers, I was persuaded to try a half-brother of Longfellow horse is considerably over a ton, and one of the wheelers, (Excel), bred to native, or the Conestoga mares to beget "Jim," weighed at the International 2,480 pounds. These "farm horses" and salable geldings, and on the mares horses go over the road like road horses, and are used from this cross I tried another thoroughbred, a 1.300 pound on the streets regularly, "Big Jim" having been used for son of Harry Bassett's (Bow-string). I not only lost much over ten years on city streets, and is as sound as a gold time and money, but I got nothing too good for an old dollar. It is said "Where ignorance is bliss it is folly to fashioned street-car horse. Then I bred a rough Cones- be wise," so that the majority of users of drafters are satis, toa mare to one of Col. S. W. Ficklen's Percheron stal- fled with Percherons. JOHN F. LEWIS. lions, and got a filly that I sold as soon as weaned for $125. I then commenced breeding all of my work mares Rockingham Co., Va. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 711

Miscellaneous.

THE VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE. and that it is up to him to take advantage of the liberal We extend a hearty welcome to the members of this offers and show to the world what Virginia soil and Vir- Institute, meeting in this city this month for the first ginia brain and brawn can produce. Of course, there will time in its history. We are expecting to see the greatest be racing. No fair could be held without it, and to stim- gathering of Virginia farmers that ever met together in ulate a sufficient interest on the part of horsemen, and the State for the purpose of increasing their knowledge of and secure satisfactory lists of entries, liberal premiums the basic factors underlying the successful prosecution of had to be provided. The races will extend over the six their calling. A fine programme of subjects has been se- days of the Fair, covering every feature—trotting, pacing, lected, and these will be handled by men of recognized and running; steeplechase and hurdle races, high jump- ability and leading in their several lines, and in the dis- ing classes ,and saddle contests, with the last day of the cussions, which will no doubt follow the opening of the Fair (one out of the six) set apart to the rival of the subjects, there cannot fail to be brought out facts of the horse—the automobile. greatest value to every farmer. As a close to the pro- The fact must not be overlooked that it is through ceedings the members will, through the kindness of Mr. racing that the wonderful development of the horse in C. H. Senff, of Curl's Neck, and the business organizations this country has taken place; that the raising of high- of the city of Richmond, through the Chamber of Com- class horses and thoroughbreds has been thereby encour- merce of the city, be given a trip down the James River, with aged, and that America has become a horse market of a call at Curl's Neck, the magnificent 5,000-acre plantation the world. Millions of dollars are invested in the stables to of Mr. Senff, where they will have the opportunity of see- of this country and foreigners eagerly pay from $10,000 ing farming carried on on the largest scale, and magnifi- 0'00 for a race horse, as in the case of the noted stal- $25 : Russian cent crops of alfalfa (300 acres), corn and other crops lion "Cresceus," record 2:02%,, that went to a being produced. If the day should be fine this outing will racing man and breeder. be a most enjoyable and instructive one. We extend an Elsewhere in this issue will be found a very thorough invitation to the members to make our office their head- resume of the premiums offered in the different depart- cover- quarters, and to use it for their convenience in. every way mnets of the Fair, in the form of an advertisement, reader is desired. We put ourselves and our office staff at their ing a full page, to which the attention of the service to help to make their visit in every way enjoyable. invited. The handsome action of the various Breeders' Associations of the United States, in offering hundreds of stimu- THE VIRGINIA STATE FAIR. dollars as well as gold medals and silver cups, to in The premium list of the Virginia State Fair, to be held late the raising of fine horses, cattle, sheep and hogs see in Richmond, October 5th, to 10th, both inclusive, has Virginia, should not escape attention, and we hope to amongst been received at the office of the Southern Planter, and as a result that there will be lively competition copies are now being sent through the mails to fanners, our local breeders for these special premiums. live stockmen, planters, orchardists, gardeners, poultry Again, the action taken in fixing special premiums for fanciers, apiarists, manufacturers, and farmers' wives and farm products should not be overlooked. Of the large daughters in every section of Virginia. It is a very com- number of counties in Virginia, many ought to be repre- an plete and comprehensive book, and contains the rules and sented in the "county exhibits." It will surely pay regulations pertaining to exhibits, information concern- organization in each county to make a collective exhibit. attractive, ing transportation, and all particulars necessary for exhi- The first premium of $50 should be sufficiently honov bitors to know. Copies can be obtained by addressing while there is a second premium of $25. But the Mark R. Lloyd, General Manager, Richmond, Va., or by of receiving the award, and the proclaiming of the same to calling at the office of the Fair, No. fcl9 East Main St. through the newspapers, should be of greater value paid The premiums aggregate $35,000, more than two-thirds the county interested than all the cash that could be | sweep- of which is devoted to the horse, cattle and other live out. The premiums for individual collections and stock departments, farm products, domestic, *etc. The stakes for farm products are also very liberal. farmer must, therefore, feel much encouraged, as the Fruit growers will be interested in the horticultural premiums do not run largely to racing, as is the feature department, where premiums will be found for the differ- of many fairs, but are for the most part for the promo- ent varieties of apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes and tion of agriculture and horticulture. This is the prime other fruits raised in Virginia. Commercial orcharding

object for which the Virgina State Fair Association was is recognized, and the premiums should induce fine ex- organized. The fair is the farmers' exhibition, and every hibits from the companies, firms and individuals who have tiller of the soil in this great old State should regard it gone extensively into the business of supplying home as such, and take a pride in assisting to make it a suc- markets, and the markets of the largest cities of the cess. United States with fruit grown on Virginia soil, as well The attention of the Virginia State Farmers Institute, as shipping largely to foreign countries. It is pleasing to be held in Richmond on the 4th, 5th and 15th of August, to know that the Virginia State Horticultural Society will be called to the generous provision that has been made will have a special exhibit of fruit at the Fair, not for for the farmers of the State in the way of premiums, competition, but as an example of what we can produce. 712 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER [August,

The farmer's wife and daughter should also heartily co- Institute began at 1:30 P. M. instead of the morning, as operate in maikng the Fair successful. Premiums will be it should have done. Then some local politician must found for ladies' handiwork; for specimens of their skill make an address of welcome and tell the farmers what in needlework and embroidery, lace worK, crocheting and gjreat and important people they are and how much he knitting; for art work—paintings, drawings, pen and ink would like to live the independent life on the farm. Then sketches, etc. And even the children can take part, as some one else must make an address in response, and by there are a number of premiums for work done by child- the lime these two have aired their eloquence half the rn under sixteen years of age. afternoon has passed and nothing of the real work of an The ladies can also show their skill in the culinary art Institute has been accomplished.

by exhibiting bread, and cakes, pies, custards, buns and Some of my critics say that I am opposed to the farm- ginger snaps. ers enjoying themselves and want to make talks like "Hark This is the preserving and pickling season and tne from the tombs," when, in fact, I appreciate an anecdote ladies should carefully scan the premium lists and then that points what a man wishes to illustrate. But when prepare jellies, preserves, fruit butters, canned (jarred) a speaker spends a whole hour telling in a funny way fruits and pickles for exhibition at the Fair. about the kissing games of his youth, and how John court- The grounds and buildings of the Fair are in fine con- ed Mary, and not in the whole hour makes a suggestion dition, and there are but few better arranged plants of that would be of any value to farmers I get disgusted the kind in the United States. For some weeks there with that sort of an Institute. There is no sort of objec- have been horses in training on the race course, and they tion to the village folks having an evening's entertain- have been brought up to a high degree of proficiency. ment and to have the school girls recite "Curfew Shall They are now fit for the contests that will take place dur- Not Ring To-night," with all sorts of gestures, or to have ing the ensuing three months, which will end with the as many comic singers as a vaudeville show, provided they closing days of October in North Carolina. This interest do not call it a Farmers' Institute, and let the Institute on the part of the horsemen has resulted in the making speakers go their way. of an important horse market in Richmond, and the estab- A Farmers' Institute is a meeting for a definite and lishing of the Southern Stock Yards, thus bringing many serious purpose. The time is always too short to discuss thousands of dollars to Richmond to be distributed among fully all the topics presented and to answer all the ques- Virginians. let the farmers of Virginia the Now emulate tions that farmers may want replies to, so that it is a horsemen, and be equally active in behalf their of own pure waste of time to make them the occasion for a poll interests. tician to air himself in a long speech and some one else "We are glad to note that all preliminary work incident- to reply, and it is just as much a waste of time and al to the holding of a Fair which is intended to be the money to make the night sessions mere village entertain- greatest strictly agricultural fair ever held in the South, ments, and the Institute is better without them. In Penn- has received the personal attention supervision of and sylvania, the organization is too complex. The State Direc- iMr. Lloyd, the General Manager, wliose experience in tor gets up the general itinerary and remains at Harris- work of this kind has been large, and to whom the suc- burg. In each county is a Coutny Chairman, who arranges cess of the last fairs largely attributed. two was to be for the meetings and prepares the programmes, but is is personally known to most exhibitors fairs and He at not Chairman at the Institutes, for they elect a local these gentlemen have always highly his most commended Chairman at each Institute, and he may be a good, bad arrangements, and we cannot doubt but that the same or indifferent one, generally the latter. Then one of the will hold good at this Fair. To assist Mr. Lloyd, the State speakers is nominally in charge of the party and directors secured services of Mr. T. Fox, have the Cyrus Institutes his party attend, but really has no manage- years associated the who for many was in the work of ment except to report numbers in attendance, and this is Pennsylvania and other fairs, and who has also had pre- the main purpose of the night sessions. vious experience in such work in this State at Radford, to I was struck with the great difference when I came Roanoke and elsewhere. the Maryland Institutes. Here the State Director attends the Institutes and is the Chairman and controls them. FARMERS' INSTITUTES. There is«no time wasted in speeches of welcome, but the nothing Editor Southern Planter: real work of the Institute is takn up at once and is allowed to interfere with it. The farmers come The Pennsylvania folks, or at least some of them, have else out for the serious purpose of getting information that been scoring me roundly for criticisms I have made in may help them in their work, and at the close of the regard to the practice there of having night sessions to afternoon sessions they go home, and there is no vaude- which the village folks crowd for an evening's entertain- ville for the village folks at night. The same method ment, and at which any practical farm talk is totally I have ob- is practiced in North Carolina, and, so far as wasted, and the popular man is the one who makes the served, at the Virginia Institutes, but in the more popu- most fun for the audience. I have characterized these lous States northward, where liberal amounts are given night sessions as a waste of the public money and an im- by the legislatures for Institute work, the entertainment State speakers, who are supposed to come position on the out the feature is often allowed to overshadow and crowd for the enlightenment of the farmers. The night sessions real purpose of the Institute. involved traveling the latter part of the night and usually they have roasted me for what I have written the next morning, so that the first session of the next Though 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 713

I in regard to the Pennsylvania Institutes, I rather expect by the address of Secretary Wilson, in which he pointed I that there will be less of the evening vaudeville next out the fact that through the gradual loss of fertility I winter. I hope so at least. W. F. MASSBY. in the eastern and southern United States especially the farmers have now been forced to use large amounts of PRESERVING OUR NATURAL RESOURCES. commercial plant food in order to raise profitable crops. Editor Southern Planter: Of course, soils vary greatly in their natural inherent fertility, and it is doubtful if much of the land in the section The useless waste and destruction of agricultural soils referred to was ever as rich as the virgin in America, which has gone on unchecked and unheeded prairies of the middle West, but the continuous growth of corn and wheat for the last century, has at last reached such alarming has shown the farmers in those especially favored sections proportions as to attract the attention of all classes of that their lands are not inexhaustible, and that through our citizens. The national character of this problem early the leaching and washing which goes on from year to attracted the attention of President Roosevelt and resulted year, in sections where satisfactory rotation is not prac- in the recent conference held at the White House, which ticed, the soil soon becomes depleted of of the ele- was participated in by the Governors and leading repre- some ments which science now recognizes as necessary to the sentatives of practically every State in the Union, to con- production of a perfect plant. Since it is estimated that sider ways and means for the conservation of our great more than billion tons of earth the natural resources. one are carried into sea by our various river each year, it is not surprising Among the subjects considered most exhaustively was that the use of commercial fertilizers has become neces- that of soil erosion, the distressing results which follow sary in practically all parts of the country. Geologists it and a means by which it might be most effectively estimate that the first four feet of soil, which may be re- held in check in the future. Those who have been inter- garded as that section of the earth's crust chiefly utilized ested in problems of this character long ago recognized in crop production, have probably been torming for more that the isolated effort of an individual here and there than forty thousand years, but that at our present rate of could accomplish little in bringing the mass of the people erosion there is a foot of waste in from four to six thou- to a proper realization of the extent of the losses suffered sand years. It is thus seen that while the soil is only through erosion and the effect this waste would ultimately limited by the depth of the earth's crust ,that it is trans- have on future generations. The conference itself soon formed from the parent rock into that condition capable realized that the only hope of preventing this waste would of maintaining plant life very slowly, and that at the be through a type of education of sufficient versatility to present time erosion is going on much more rapidly than reach and impress the average citizen wlio cultivates the the disintegration of rock into the soil. It is for this land with the grossness of the practice now in vogue and reason that without any desire to be sensational the prob- the necessity for changing the same in order that future lem of soil preservation, which is so closely interwoven generations might share and benefit in the magnificent with the permanent prosperity of a people, assumes such patrimony which nature had given to this nation. a cosmic character. The gravity of the problem of soil erosion becomes quickly apparent to the reflective mind. Vast areas of a Presupposing that every tiller of the soil could be made once fertile and densely populated country are now a bar- to realize the vital nature of this question at once, it ren waste, as is testified by the departed civilizations of is apparent that there are vast areas of land which have Asia, Africa and parts of "Western America and Mexico. been and are still devoted to the plow, which produce That these countries were once fertile ana productive and sucn meagre crops as to often be cultivated without profit maintained a teeming population is fully substantiated by the owner. What to do with these soils is a problem of by historic investigation; that they are now incapable of national magnitude. To those who are familiar with the nourishing mankind is equally certain. How they were virtues of commercial fertilizers and the splendid results brought to this condition has long been the subject of which follow the liberal application of proper rations of study and research, and geologists now seem to quite gen- especially prepared plant food to the soil, the answer will erally agree that the abandonment of these vast sections not be difficult. Through the use of modern implements of the globe was brought about through an indifferent a good seed bed may be prepared, even when the soil is agricultural practice which permitted the forests to first deficient in vegetable matter, and then if the supplies of he destroyed acd the soil to be completely carried away nitrogen, phosphates and potash needed by the special by the erosive action of water; the soil not only being corp are applied, profitable results may be anticipated in oarrir-d away and destroyed, but the source of soil fer- most instances. Even where the surface of the soil is

tility ,that is, an abundant supply of water, being dissi- denuded and in bad physical condition the stimulating pated as well through the destruction of the forests. The effect of commercial lertilizers will enable it to be quick- dreadful calamities which have overtaken countries famous ly and profitably reclaimed. This is a statement which as the seat of our earliest civilizations, bring home to us needs no further substantiation in view of what has in no uncertain manner the necessity for safeguarding already been accomplished in all sections where erosion what nature has given us, and of making an effort through or soil exhaustion has become a question of any consid- education and the development of more intelligent systems erable proportions. of agricultural practice to preserve our greatest national There are those who will argue that soils are of two heritage—the soil. kinds—first, those in place and, second, those formed as That erosion is a most destructive agent, and that some the result of transportation by water. Since soils in place steps must be taken to check its progress was illustrated are, as a rule, derived from the parent rock, and chemical 714 THE SOUTHEKtf PLANTEK. [August, analysis shows them to be deficient often in certain neces- time and money and of those with whom these two factors sary elements of plant food, it has been concluded by are matters of serious importance. The Apprentice course many that they must be permanently abandoned. An ex- is a new feature and one which we highly commend to ample will illustrate. There are thousands of acres of the notice of farmers who whilst anxious to give their land which have been derived, for instance, from the sons the benefit of a scientific training, can yet not afford underlying sandstone rock. Naturally, these soil areas to send them for a full course. With the training which are deficient in potash, and, until properly balanced up, can be got in this apprentice course, a young man will will not produce large or profitable crops. In some in- be fitted to read and study and work intelligently on the stances, these sandstone soils have been transported by farm and understand the reason for doing things and this erosion and spread over the lowlands, and for many years scientific training will lead him to join the winter short great difficulty was experienced in growing some of our course and further advance his knowledge and practical most common crops. With the discovery and utilization training. The cost of these two courses is small and any of potash as a commerical plant food, these have become young man taking them will find the money well spent.

increasingly valuable from year to year to their owners For 3r oung men who have taken these courses who desire and a source of permanent wealth to the entire country. situations, openings are constantly being offered at sal- Today there are hundreds of acres devoted to the culti- aries from $1000 to $1500 per year. Surely such salaries vation of cotton, corn, peanuts and various truck crops as these should be tempting enough for the sons of farm- which could not be profitably utilized were it not for the ers to equip themselves to fill them and even if they application of potash to the soil in commercial form. Thus, failed to secure one of these openings, their ability to whilst soil erosion is a menacing problem, and one make the work on their own farms so much more effect- which should engage the attention of every industrious ive by reason of their training would in most cases result

citizen, it is quite apparent that through the utilization in an equivalent greater profit at home. Send for the cat- of commercial fertilizers the exhausted areas of soil may alogue and study it and write President Barringer for his soon be restored and that vast areas of land considered advice. There are always plenty of young men ready to of little value by reason of the nature of the parent rock take the mechanical courses. It is a reflection on the farmers

from which it is derived may be brought under cultivation that they have hitherto failed to avail themselves of the and made to produce a part of the necessary clothing and opportunities offered by the agricultural side of the Col- food supplies of the nation. G. F. MARSH. lege. The day when the fool in the family was made New York State. into the farmer has passed. It takes a wiser man to make a good farmer than any other calling and farming now THE VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. offers greater openings than any other business. (State Agricultural and Mechanical College.) We are in receipt of the catalogue of this Institute for HOG FEEDING. the ensuing season and desire to invite the attention of Experiment at the Blacksburg Experiment Station, Va. our readers to the advantages offered for the education of CONCLUSIONS.

the young men of the State in their practical life work. The 1. Considered from the point of gain per head per day, courses in agriculture and mechanics are full and complete skimmed milk and blood meal produce very similar results and no young man taking either and making the fullest when used as supplements to corn, when IS pounds of use of his opportunities can fail to become thoroughly skimmed milk is fed for each pound of blood meal; or on equipped for earning his living and securing a good start the basis of one pound of digestible protein in the form on his life's journey. We are especally anxious that our of skimmed milk to one pound of digestible protein in the readers should give attention to the opportunities offered form of blood meal. for training young men as farmers. Agriculture is the 2. The profit made during the entire experiment differs basic industry of the wealth of this nation and every day less than one dollar. From this data we concluded that becomes more important in its bearing upon the prosperity blood meal and skimmed milk have a similar feeding value of the people. The day has gone by, never to return, when when fed on the basis of an equal number of pounds of the farmer was regarded as the last refuge for those who protein, and as supplements to either old or new corn.

could not otherwise earn their daily bread. The farmers' 3. Hogs fed old corn made gains slightly in excess of calling is now at least the equal of any other, indeed for the hogs fed new corn in the ear. The difference is so complete success ir his work a farmer must be more than slight that we conclude that there is very little to choose equal in intelligence and in the ability to apply science between these two forms of corn as regards average gain in his work. No man, however highly placed or however per head per day.

well supplied with this world's goods should now hesitate 4. Hogs fed old corn made a profit slightly in excess of for a moment to make the most promising of his sons into hogs fed new ear corn.

farmers. The world needs them and needs them badly, and 5. There is no difficulty in using blood meal for hog

is consequently prepared to pay them well if properly feeding if it is fed with a small quantity of middlings or fitted to execute the work committed to their care. To put osme other palatable food, exercising reasonable care to them in a position to fill this requirement they must be get the hogs started right and not to overfeed at any time.

properly educated in technical and scientific lines and for 6. Where a good market is offered for skimmed milk, this education the "Virginia Polytechnic Institute is fully a margin of $1.00 between the cost and selling price ol equipped. It offers both short and full courses to meet the hogs is necessary in order that this by-product may the requirement both of those who can afford to spend form a part of the ration fed to fattening hogs. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 715

THE! •$&•&&•:

WOOD'S SEEDS—Best quality always. PUBLISHED BT

PLANTER PUBLISHIN6 CO., r TIE SOUTHERN RICHMOND, TA. IMCTBD ON 1ST OF BACH MONTH. low Oris J. F. JACKSON, Editor. at the last working of corn and other cultivated crops.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, It is the King of Soil Improvers, Business Manager. increasing the productiveness of the land to a wonderful ex- B. W. RHOADS, tent wherever it is sown. Western Representative, 844 Tribune Building, Chicago, 111. It also makes splendid fall, winter and spring grazing, the earliest green feed or a good hay crop, and the land can MANCHESTER OFFICE: be plowed and planted in corn or other crops the same season. IT". J. Carter, 1102 Hull 8treet. Land planted to corn that is sown in Crimson Clover at ADVERTISING RATES the last working yields constantly increasing crops of corn Will be furnished on application. each successive year. The SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed Write for price, and WOOD'S CROP SPECIAL, giv- to subscribers in the United States, Mexico and island possessions at 60 ing full information about Crimson Clover and other Seeds. emits per annum; all foreign countries, 81; the city of Richmond and Canada, It cents. T. W. WOOD 6 SONS, Seedsmen, REMITTANCES should be made Mrect to this office, either by Regis- Richmond, Virginia. tered Letter or Money Order, which will be at our risk. When made otherwise we cannot be responsible. SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive their paper promptly and regularly Will confer a favor by reporting the PUBLISHERS' NOTES. fact at once. Bell Hay Curing Rack WE INVITE FARMERS to write us TO ADVERTISERS. on any agricultural topic. We are Please bear In mind that we must always pleased to receive practical have all copy or Instructions for ad- articles. Rejected matter will be returned on receipt of postage. vertisememts by the 25th of each No anonymous commmunications er month without fail. Every month we enquiries will receive attention. are compelled to omit advertising In P Address THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, large volumes for the simple reason RICHMOND, VA. o that copy does not reach us in time. h ENTERED AT THE POST-OFFICE AT RICHMOND, VA., AS SECOND- CLASS MAIL MATTER. A NEAT BINDER. If you will send 30 cents to our business office, we will send you a neat binder made of substantial Bris- tol Board, In which you can preserve INSURE YOUR HEALTH (Patented October IS, 1906.) an entire volume of the Southern Solves tbe problem of curing pes ™ COMFORT Planter. Many of our readers find vines, alfalfa er other hay almost re- these a useful device, as they always gardless of weather conditions, as the on stormy days racks give interior ventilation and by wearing a save their copies for reference. keep hay from touching ground, thereby causing it to cure out nicely when other methods fall. One handling com- WITH THE ADVERTISERS. pletes the work and the hay is safe. For prices and circular giving full The Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co. re- particulars, address sumes its manure spreader advertis- H. E. BEL!., BurkeTille, Va. Oommty. SLICKER ing this month. Agents Wanted lm Every Mr. W. L. De Clow is advertising Clean - Light Or. G. C. BOWIE Durable finely bred Duroc-Jersey hogs. Physician, Surgeon and Office Desirable farms, timber and mining Guaranteed properties are offered by J. W. Guinn, Consultant. Waterproof general manager. Ifo. 401 Bast Franklin Street, Richmond, Va. !"> *3QP Everywhere Moundsville Stock Farm is offering Hours: 9-12 A. M., 1-4 P. M. five breeds of draft and harness horses. Evenings and Sundays by ap- polntment. Polled Durham cattle are offered at

CAPITAL AND PROFITS EARNED, $1,200,000. Special attention paid to out-of-town accounts. Correspondence invited. ANK OF RICHMOND, Three per cent. Interest Allowed In Savings Department. Main and Ninth Streets. Compounded Semi-Annually. 716 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

bargain prices by Mr. Thomas Thom- linson, proprietor Tate Springs, Tenn. BALING Rhode Island Red oreeders will do Little well to look up the announcement of PRESSES Dr. J. H. C. Winston. P'oland-China and Shropshire sheep Here are the three cardinal Thefts are advertised by Mr. W. O. Durrette. points of press building: materials Look up his announcement. of high grade; up-to-date, careful from the construction; and skilled workman- Mr. H. B. Arbuckle is advertising ship. In theDederick Baling Press you all Red Polled calves of fine pedigree and get these and more ; you get a press splendid individuality. that will produce the most work with the fewest re- Farm-O-Germ, a successful inoculat- pairs; develops high effi- ing bacteria, is attractively advertised ciency with limited pow- by Earp-Thomas Co. er. Wonderfully durable. The difference between the Tub- The Va.-Carolina Chemical Co. has A press to fill every re- ular and "bucket bowl" separators is quirement perfectly and eco- a seasonable announcement on another measured in hundredths of one per nomically. Our free catalogue cent of butter fat which the Tubular page. describes the entire line and saves and the "bucket bowls" let go into the skimmed milk. The United Roofing & Mfg. Co. re- IS gives valuable information. Hundredths of one per cent are sumes its advertising in this issue. P. K. DEDERICH'S SONS, hard to realize. Let's call it one 55 Tivoli Street, Albany, N. Y. ounce of butter fat lost each milking W. K. Bache Sons & Mulford are by a "bucket bowl," which advertising the "Fontaine" shock bind- w er. Note the change in their regular The Tubular sr advertisement. STROKE rams, ewes and lambs This would amount to 45 pounds Shropshire SELF FEED of butter per year, worth at least can he had at reasonable prices of lOur "Cyclone" three stroke self feed hay press lis the latest, most powerful and most efficient $11.25. H. R. Graham. "But will the Tubular make this I press on the market. Bach circle of the team presses in three charges. The self feed auto- saving over a 'bucket bowl' separa- Bmatically puts the hay down to the bottom tor—every 'bucket bowl' separator? OF BUILDING A |of the bale chamber. These two improvements Will the Tubular prevent or stop this THE COST vonderfully tincrease capacity of eiM "" sort of little twice-a-day theft in my CREAMERY. 'ite today for circular dairy?" During the past few years there days' free trial. We're ready to stand the cost of a Aryout and proof. Write for Cata- have been built in the United States logue No.290 then tell us how many several thousand creameries, many of cows dis- you have, and how you now which have been successful from the < ers. Catalog free. equipment will handle from 1,000 to z CortlandlBldg., New York Monarch Machinery Co., 610 1,200 pounds of butter per day. If a e < S§§2 E B) ci O refrigerating machine is included, H O M H Implements Save the cost will be from $600 to $1,000 PLANET JR. you money, more. A seat Binder for your back rmm- S. Ii. Allen & Co., Box 1107X, Phila- The total cost of a creamery would >ers can be had for 30 cent3. Address delphia. therefore vary from $2,000 for a sim- •ur Business Department. —

1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. '17

pie hand-separator plant without artificial refrigeration, where labor and material are cheap, to $4,250 for a whole-milk plant including artificial refrigeration and a higher cost or SERVICE labor and material. The Department of Agriculture is prepared to furnish Information for the proper organization of creameries WHAT DO YOU SAY? and cheese factories, and upon request Several hundred thousand farmers say that the best investmentttu-y ever made was will supply plan of organization, list when they bought an of machinery, and plan for creamery. Handy Correspondence should be addressed Wagon to wheels, the Dairy Division, United States Cow wide tils s ; easy work, 1 ight draft. Department We'll sell you a Bev Of the best steel wheeli of Agriculture, Washing- tnadeforyourold wagon. Spoke united with ton, D. C. tub, guaranteed not to break nor work Ioobb, Gend for our catalogue and save money* ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 148 .Qulney.lll. HORSE BOOK FREE. W. F. Young, P. D. F., 109 Mon- mouth St., Springfield, Mass., has re- Farmers' Handy Wagon cently issued a larger and more com- Absolutely the best wagon built for plete edition oi his handy reference every kind of farm work, and the book, "How To Remove Blemishes," cheapest you can buy. It is low down, has wide steel wheels and wide tires, which will be sent postpaid to any ad- and will last a lifetime without re- dress upon request. This little book pairs. Can be depended upon to haul will be appreciated by any horse own- any kind of a load. Guaranteed in 'T'HE wagon that breaks down every respect. A er, as it is full of "horsey" pointers and has to go to the repair STEEL WHEELS and information that can be used to Tor farm wagons shop every once in a while is not a advantage. Send a postal to-day ad- my size to fit any good wagon to buy. ixle. Send for our dressed plainly as above, and the book Such a wagoir is a poor one because !ree booklet before it is poorly will be sent you by return mail free you buy a wagon or a set of wheels. constructed, and because it EMPIRE MFG. CO., 140 is made from poor and improperly sea- of all cost and postpaid. Box AH. Quincy, 111. soned material. Itisdearatany price In the building of Weber andColum- THE WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK bus wagons there is always a rigid THE IMPHQVIB observance of these four indispensa- CLUB. ble requisites: All persons interested in the breed- SCREWSTGHPPDLLFR 1. Proper wood materials, ing of White Plymouth Rocks are re- Writ* tar Prlow. 2. Thorough seasoning, 3. Superior ironing, quested to write R. W. Haw, R. F. D. 4. The bestof skilled workmanship. No. 1, Manchester, Va., for applica- These are the things which have built tion blanks to join this club. All fees up the excellent reputation every- amount to only $1 a year. Enter now where enjoyed by and get your name in the fine new Weber and Columbus catalogue about to be issued. Ad- Wagons. vertising space in catalogue is low. The New Bettendorf Wagon Write for rates. This is one of the has most popular specialty clubs in Amer- steel gears which make it a wagon for any climate, and practi- ica. Ii. W. HAW, cally unbreakable. State Secy, for Virginia. Strength and durability should be R. F. D. No. 1, Manchester, Va. first considerations when you buv a wagon. The Weber, Columbus and Cliamberlin Mfg. Co., Clean, N. Y. New Bettendorf wagons can be relied FARM SOLD. upon for long, satisfactory service. Mr. W. M. James, of Loudoun coun- They are built to haul heavy loads and to stand the rough usage to which ty, has sold through P. B. Buell & HERCULES farm wagons are always subjected Son, Herndon, Va., his 327-acre farm These wagons are in the front rank to Messrs. H. T. and M. W. Jones, of high-grade wagons. of Eggleston, Va., lor $12,500. With all t he strength and durability Stump Puller of these wagons, they are not made excessively heavy. They are noted SALE OF REGISTERED STOCK. for their light running qualities. We invite attention to the adver- International local agents will be _ ad to show you these superior wag- tisement of Dr. C. G. Cannady, pro- ons and furnish catalogs with all de- prietor of the Raleigh Court Stock sired information. Call and take the Farm, Roanoke, Va. The Doctor has matter up with them or write direct decided to dispose of his stock, and to the home office. will, therefore, hold a public sale at Clears an acre of heavy timber land Internationa.) Harvester Company of each the farm, a half mile from Roanoke day. Clears all stumps In a cir- America, Chicago, U. S„ A. cle of 150 feet without moving or (Incorporated) city, on August 20th. The offerings changing the machine. Strongest, most will consist of about 80 head of Jer- rapid working and best made. seys, Holsteins, grades and Berkshires. HERCULES MF'G Co., 413 17th St., Centreville, Iowa. Wheels, Freight Paid $8 75 This will be a splendid opportunity to for 4 llugsjr Whi-tU, birel Tires on. Wiih Uubber Tin-s, $15.30. I nifg. wheels % to 4 io. tn-ad. Rubber get some finely bred stock at your Tire Top Buggies. $41; Hum,.,.!., $5. Write for cataloc OTAWAY TOOLS FOR LAR6E HAY CROPS. .Learn to own figure. Parties who are unable how buy direct. Kepnir Wheels, $5 .50 Three of Clark's Wagon Umbrella KKEK. Intense Cultivators W. V,ROOb,< iniinnali.O to attend the sale are invited to mail produced last year on 14% acres, 102 their bids on whatever is wanted, and tons of well dried alfalfa, timothy and redtop Always mention The Southern they will be given careful hay. If you want to know prompt and how, enclose Planter when writing advertisers. a 2-cent stamp to attention. GEORGE M. CLARK, Higganum, Conn. —

7 IS THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

A ROLLER-BEARING MANURE Tornado SPREADER. Feed and HIGH GRADE What seems to be a. most important ENSI AGE CUTTER DROP-HEAD For the improvement on manure spreaders has Preparation lately been made on the old reliable LIGHT RUNNING of all kinds Success Spreader. Its manufacturers SEWING $1285 of Feed, have made it a roller-bearing spread- in various MACHINE sizes to meet demands er. In this particular, at least, no Positively th? greatest SewingjiMachine value ever offered. By our direct selling plan, we of all and either with one can deny that the Success is in all dealers' and agents' profits. This or save you without. a class by itself. It is the only roll- Machine is equal to Traveling Feed Table, Carrier or Blower er-bearing spreader. any usually sold by- mounted or unmounted. Also equipped agents for §30.00. with interchangeable cylinders, mak- The advantages of this improvement Is substantially ing it possible to reduce corn, rye, can hardly be overestimated. Manure made 6f best oats, hay, alfalfa, etc., to desired material, and is any spreaders have hard work to do. They state. Write for our new catalogue, equipped with must haul heavy loads latest containing information concerning sil- over rough the improvements. Ele- age and silage equipments. If inter- grounds, and they mast be in opera- gant oak drop-leaf tion. ested we will quote lowest possible They must, therefore, be made cabinet, 4 drawers prices both upon TORNADO Silo and heavy and strong. This accounts for and full set of at- Silo Filler. Manufactured by the heavy draft and the tachments. We give W. R. HARRISON & CO., Massillon, O. hard running our binding 10-year that characterize all spreaders. By guarantee with each machine. Order one today, try i t 30 every way satisfactory, we will re- this single move the Burpee days and if not found in S9L0 FILLING Kemp & fund your money. Wearethelargestsewingmachine dis- Mfg. Co. have greatly reduced the tributers in the South, and make prompt shipment. tf Send for complete catalogue mailed free on application. S£ MACHINERY draft of the Success Spreader, and wiWith«' BLOWER and Traveling H FEED TABLE have at the same time maae it a re- MALSBY, SHIPP & CO. Made markably easy operating machine. Department 14, Atlanta, 6a. in sizes, Other things that make the Success to suit smooth and easy operating are its all wants remarkable simplicity, its positive from 5 to its 15 Horse workings and direct application of lake Your Own Fertilize; Power Engine. power. The worm and gear, part of at Small Cost with Sold on their own merits. Pay its admirable driving system, run in WILSON'S PHOSPHATE Mill* for same after tried and satisfied. From 1 to 10 H. P. AlsoBont oil. There is a notable absence of Cutters, hand and powei LARGEST CAPACITY AND STRONGEST BUILT gear wheels. Power is applied by an for the poultrymen; ctII and shell mills, farm feed Write for catalog. We have had 58 years unbreakable steel-pinned chain. Noth- mills, family grist mills, experience and are the largest and oldest man- scrap oats mills. Send toi ufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the world. ing could be more direct which will catalog. be apparent to any will THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 16 Springfield, Ohio one who study Wilson Bros., Sole Mrs., fasten ft Wc also make ROSS SILOS and MANURE SPREADERS. the illustration in Success Spreader HEN1NG & NUCKOLS, advertisements. Gea'l Agents, Richmond, Va. No fault is ever found with the success mn mim fence Spreader on the ground of Made of high carbon StnftJ W ire strength. Extra strong wheels, steel Horse-high, Bull-strong Chick- v en-tight. Sold direc to tha FILLERS wind axles, staunch oak and ash frame, Farmer at lowest ivmufac- with wind elevators for any power panels of box bolted to uprights turers prices on OO Days Free from 4to 12 H. P. will Cut or ^hred with Trial, freight prepaid. iU'Jpa^y green or dry fodder and elevate to strong flat-headed bolts: these indi- Catalogue and price-list free.

any height , Get Free catalogue and our trial proposition. cate the materials and making of the KITSELIWAN BROS., Box 14 MUNC1E, IMP. whole machine. An excellent feature is that all pressure and strain on the MANLOVE AUTOMATIC GATE cylinder by reason of driving machin- Saves time, ery is upon the strong rear axle. It addi to value is not box. Wilder- upon the safety, beauty Strong We believe it is to every farmer's and pleasure of home. Implement Co, interest to investigate the Success Box 82 Monroe, Michigan Manlovb fully before buying a spreader. It is Gate Co., 272 a machine that bears investigation. Huron 8 t, Chicago, 111. The new roller-bearing features are —GET bound to make it more popular than DEERING BINDERS, ever. This, especially, should be - - :--' -V STRONCESi MADE. Bull- borne in mind in choosing a spreader. strong chick- A card to the Kemp & Burpee Mfg. en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale MOWERS AND RAKES. Prices. We Pay Freight. Catalogue free. Co., Syracuse, N. Y., will bring all COILED SPRING FENCE CO., Also Winchester, Indiana, — desired information. Box 62 BINDER TWINE, 1 Wis*© Feit®e 29 : Caroline Co., Va., Mar. 27, 1908. 4S-in. stock fence per rod only HARVESTER OIL. Best high carbon coiled steel springw#*^

Catalog offences , tools and supplies rT^ST* I have been taking the Southern Buy direct at wholesale. Write tcd&g AND REPAIRS AT KASON FENCE CO Bo* 81! feeabwv 1 Planter now for two years and find it quite a source of pleasure as well ENGINES FOR SALE. as profit to me. I never like to miss Fuller Brothers Ten horse traction, $250; 10 home a copy. It's the farmer's friend and portable, $160; 12 horse portable, $20»; should be in the home of every i horse boiler and engine, $90; 1 horse DANVILLE, VA. gasoline 3 * farmer; it keeps him in touch with engine, $40; horse, $60; lorae, $125; 10 horse, $176. Boilers and the exper- the practical farmers and Hnglnes from 1 to 100 horse carried 1b A FJiA!L imental stations ot the country, be-

MILLS A GOOD OPPORTUNITY FOR CIDER AND WINE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN, In another column we are publishing an advertisement for the Gem SHIP flE YOUR City Business College. This is one of the leading schools In the Central "West, and in many of the larger cities can be found graduates from this METALS college who are holding important, OLD high-salaried positions. In one bank alone in St. Louis there are thirteen graduates from this school. The Simmons Hardware Co., St. HIDES Louis, employs nearly a score of G. C. B. C. graduates. The Missouri Life Insurance Com- pany, St. Louis, employs eight or ten RUBBER G. C. B. C. students. One bank in Kansas City, Mo., employs twelve students of this school. The Quincy National Bank has all G. C. B. C. graduates, except the cash- SCRAP IRON ier. The president, vice-president, bookkeepers, tellers and clerks all being graduates of the Gem City Busi- ness College. Specialty The Collins Plow Co., Quincy, em- Car Lots a ploys practically all G. C. B. C. stu- THE LATEST IMPROVED AND THE dents—secretary, bookkeepers, bill BEST MILL ON THE MARKET. clerk and stenographers. They cannot be surpassed in quality, More than 100 Business Colleges in finish, durability and capacity. They the United States employ G. C. B. C. have hard wood frames, heavy cast iron beams, and are handsomely fin- graduates as teachers of the commer- 50,000 ished- The throat is adjustible so as cial branches in their schools. fruit, the to admit all sizes of and The school building is especially grinding rollers are ground on the faces, are true to their centers, and are equipped, and, in fact, is like a big easily adjusted so close that no pulp mercantile institution pupils are Hides Wanted thor- — can pass through without being taught actual business transactions, oughly crushed. The grinding apparatus cannot be improved upon. so that when the course is completed Our complete catalogue giving price* the pupil has had a practical training. Write for Prices. sizes as well as our complete on all Being located in a medium-sized city, line of farm machinery sent free on Satisfaction Guaranteed. board and room expenses are moder- request. No Commissions. THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY. ate. Read their beautiful 68-page illustrated catalog and get full inform- 1302 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. ation. It contains many letters of re- OISO BARROWS AND DISC PLOWS, commendation from pupils who are Sent Same Clark's Doable-Action Cutaway Har- now in positions. The demand for Ohbcks row—the greatest labor saver, Ia- pupils of this school exceed the sup- Day Freight Bills eoreparable work. ply, therefore, every scholar is as- Are Marked Paid. sured of a good position after finish- ing at this school.

CATALOGUE DELAYED. The beautiful catalogue of the Vir- ginia Stock Farm Co., which was due off press about a month ago, has been ilarence Cosby, unavoidably delayed at the hands of the printers. Mr. J. Elliott Hall, gen- i Does In one trip what ordinary disc Established 1890. harrows cannot do in three and four eral manager, requests us to state that trips. it will be out shortly and mailed to A WONDERFUL INVENTION. all inquirers whose applications are Clark's Double RICHnOND, VA. now on file. All parties who are in- Action Combined Cultivator and terested in pure bred stock are re- Harrow. Can be quested to refer to the advertisement Largest Dealer in used to cultivate and send for this catalogue. rowed crops, as a listing harrow, Serap Iron, Metals, Hides, also when closed Davidson Co., N. Feb. 20, 1908. the South. together is a har- C, Etc., in row cutting 4% feet wide. I cannot get along without the These are the tools of to-day. Southern Planter. CUTAWAY HARROW CO, 43 Mala H. J. CONRAD. REFERENCES: St., Hlggaunm, Cobs. National Bank of Virginia, STARKE, Southern Sales ASHTON Bank of Richmond, Agent, Richmond, Va. Washington Co., Va., Feb. 20, 1908. I find many valuable suggestions in Bradstreets and Dun. Tell the advertiser where you saw the Southern i"lanter. his advertisement. M. BUCHANAN. —

720 THE SOUTHEEjS" PLANTEE. [August,

Harness WASHINGTON NOTES. Professor Spillman on Alfalfa as an Strain That Stands Eastern Crop. It is worse than waste to let AGRICULTURAL harness get dry, brittle and Alfalfa is undoubtedly a splendid rotten. To stand the hard forage plant where it will thrive with- strain of daily use it must be out undue attention from man; it may made soft with be said to be the backbone of far western agriculture; but like many others promising field crops, it should be studied with reference to soil and PLAIN EUREKA locality before extensive planting. A ROCK great many eastern farmers have OR failed ignominously with alfalfa, and on a large scale, when a little less absorb SHELL LiME Clean the harness; let it enthusiasm and a little more careful BAGS OE BULK ; wipe dry all the oil it will testing would have been the part of with a cloth, and your harness wisdom. and tough as will be strong "West of the 100th meridian," said SPECIAL HUE HYDRATED LIME new leather. Professor Spillman, the agriculturist Har- FOB DBILLING. Nothing like Eureka in charge of "Farm Management," of ness Oil. Made by the Department of Agriculture, in an- If in the market for any grade and STANDARD 0< L CO, swer to an inquiry as to the depart- any quantity of (Incorporated ) ment's present knowledge of alfalfa, "character of soil is but little considered in growing alfalfa; it will LAID LIME thrive anywhere that there is water. BARGAINS IN East of that line the plant is very Machinery. discriminating as to its food. Wide Write for our price list and particulars 2nd Hand experiments have been made by the THE WATT PLOW COMPANY, various experiment stations and the T. C. ANDREWS & CO., Inc. Department Richmond, Va. of Agriculture all over the NORFOLK, .... VA. 1—25 H. P. Geiser Engine and Boiler East, and in only a few circumscribed on skids. In flrst-class order. localities does it 'grow as a weed.' 1 15 H. P. (8x10 cylinder) Pitta En- — In some sections of the gine and Boiler. Mounted on steel South, in a wheels. small limestone region of New York 1—25 H. P. Geiser Engine. Mounted and Southern "Vermont, and in a few Now is VourChance on 30 H. P. Boiler on skids. Almost other scattered new. localities, it grows 1—12 H. P. Kelly Engine and Boiler readily, while it also does very well on wheels in first class order. in parts of Wisconsin, Minnesota and —FOR— Illinois. But thousands of alfalfa 1—15 H. P. Frlcfc Engine and Boiler fields on wheels. in all the Eastern States have CHEAP LIME 1—No. 1 Lane Saw Mill with Rich- failed, and while it is now known that mond Iron Works Feed, 48-Inch alfalfa can be grown on these fields, Inserted Tooth Saw and all neces- Owing to extreme dullness In the the cost is, in the majority of soils, sary belts. In flrst-class order. building lime trade we will make prohibitive. Singularly enough, in low prices on our regular run of 1—No. 3 Farquhar Cable Feed Saw most eastern soils, even limestone Mill with three Head Blocks and kiln "rock" lime until fall. soils, lime applications are an essen- 30-inch Inserted Tooth Saw. As We have a few car loads of good as new. tial." It is suggested by Professor screenings left unsold. Spillman that for anyone contemplat- 1 P. —6 H. Peerless Engine and Boiler ing the planting of alfalfa, on wheels. the trial be made on a small scale, half an Tazewell White Lime 1—2nd hand American Combined Lath acre or an acre, and that the follow- Works Mill and Bolter; in flrst-class con- ing essentials be observed: dition; used three or four months. Tazewell, Va. 1—20 H. P. Geiser detached Engine and A fertile soil: application of lime North Boiler with No. 1 Lane Saw Mill, 48- at the rate of half a ton to the acre, Inserted saw inch tooth and all belt, broadcasting well inoculated <&c. In first-class order. alfalfa 1—25 H. P. Talbot Boiler on Sills. soil, 300 pounds per acre, and plant- 1—25 H. P. Nagle Detached Engine, ing in August, with seed free from both in good condition. weed seeds. 1—7-inch 4-Sided Molder. 1—4-Inch 4-Sided Molder. "It should not be expected that in —ALSO the East, the plant will endure and 1—48-Inch Inserted Tooth Slmonds thrive twenty or thirty years as it Saw. 22Y2 per cent. Phosphoric Acid. West," continued Profes- cent. 1 54-Inch Inserted Tooth does in the 4% per Ammonia. — Slmonds Analysis.) Saw. sor Spillman. "If it would, the first (Guaranteed cost of securing a good stand, however A PURE AN1HAL BONE We Invite your correspondence and great, would be an inconsiderable FERTILIZER will gladly give any Information de- quantity; but even where a good stand sired. In the manufacture of which NO is secured, the usual life of the field CHEMICALS are used. THE WATT PLOW CO., is, on lighter soils, one or two years, Ton (2,000 pounds) $28.50 ranging up to five years on heavy, Sack, 200 pounds 3.00 1 426 £. Main St., Richmond, Va, rich soils, with as high as three cuts RICHMOND ABBATOIR, per year—except in the specially Box 2C7. Richmond, Virginia. A Neat Binder for your back num- adapted localities above mentioned. Offices: Sixth and Cary Streets. bers can be had for 30 cents. Address "There is a field of alfalfa at the our Business Department. Soldiers' Home, just out of Washing- Please mention the Southern Planter. 1008.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 721

ton, which has seemed to yield well s«nd Tom order for for a number of years past. Does not Make Your Idle Money this speak well for the crop in the East? Earn You Interest "Some of the soils in the immediate SEEDS Write the FIRST NATIONAL, BANK vicinity of Washington," replied Pro- of Richmond, Virginia, for information Spillman, "are very well TO fessor concerning its certificates of deposit, adapted to alfalfa, where the plant so arranged that One Per Cent, may makes a pretty good crop the first be collected every Pour Months DIGGS BEADLES through your nearest bank or store. & year, and yields two and three cuts Our experience proves this form for for the following three or four years, savings to be the most satisfactory THE SEED MERCHANTS so that such fields are generally rated plan yet devised for deposits of $100.00 or more. as successes; but belief is that 1709 Ea»t Franklin Street, my Our Capital and Earned Surplus is even in such instances clover would RICHMOND, VA. be a more profitable crop. After that length of time, however, the alfalfa $1,600,000 We are headquarters B. Pnrcell, for becomes patchy, owing to crowding John President. Jno. M. Miller, Jr., VIce-Pres. Cashier. superior seeds of all kinds—Gar- out by crab and blue grass. This Chas. R. Burnett, Asst. Cashier. den and Flower Seeds, Grass and statement should not, however, dis- J. C. Joplln, Asst. Cashier. Grain Seeds, Cow Peas, Field courage further experimenting and testing, though as already stated, my Beans, Millets, Sorghums, Ferti- FARMERS I advice to your readers would be to lizers, Poultry Foods, etc. experiment on a moderate scale," insure Your Buildings, Live Stock, Produce, Etc., In Virginia Tour correspondence solicited. The possibilities of such experimen- Division tation should not be underestimated. FARMERS' MUTUAL BENEFIT Write for onr Free Catalogue. In a recent issue Hoard's Dairyman ASSOCIATION. says: Best security. Property insured, "It is just twelve years ago that the $500,000. Average cost per $1,000 per year, $5.00. Territory limited to coun- NEW WARD BLACKBERRY editor started in to determine if alfal- ties of Chesterfield, Amelia, Powhatan, ONE OF THE BEST. fa could be successfully grown in Nottoway, Dinwiddle, Prince George, Fine stock of plants for fall de- Wisconsin. It took five years to ar- Surry, Charles City, New Kent and livery. Send for descriptive James City. For plan and membership circular rive at a method suitable to the cli- of the Ward. For other nursery pro- write to ducts send for general price list. mate. Yet when that method was de- CHARLES N. FRIEND, General Agent, Chester, Va. FRED SHOOSMITH, Hoyt, Pa., termined we found that it was just as and Organized January 9, 1899. Chester, Va. successful and hardy here as in the Address either office. most favored alfalfa sections of the country, and now hundreds of farmers THE VIRQINIA LANDSCAPE are growing it who but a few years AND MAINTENANCE CO. INC. FIVE MINUTE TMLM ago believed that was an impossibili- sent free. "How to Keep Away ty." 416 Watt, Rettew & Clay Building, Chicken Lice and Mites" by only Good Road Work In Brazil. ONE APPLICATION A YEAR. ROANOKE, VA. Brazil is bestirring herself over Successfully used for upwards of Entomologists, Foresters, Landscape 30 years. good road construction. All over the Architects, Engineers. Carbolinenm Wood Preserving Co., republic there are public enterprises 346 W. Broadway, New York, N. Y. for the construction of improved roads, A Great Discovery or the improvement of old roads as DROPSY kills Prairie Dogs, Wood- a necessary adjunct to agricultural CURED with vegetable Chucks, Gophers and and other development of the country. remedies; re- Grain Insects. moves all symptoms "The wheels It may be something of a surprise to FUM of the Gods grind slow, of dropsy in 8 to 29 but excee dingly small." So the weevil, the average reader to know that in days; 30 to 80 days but you can stop their grind with its earlier days Brazil possessed some effects permanent FUMA CARBON BI-SIJX,PHIDE cure. Trial treat- of the finest roadways in the world, >ment furnished free as others are doing. It fumigates the old government highways before to every sufferer; poultry h ouses and kills hen lice. the day of railways comparing favor- nothing fairer. For Edward R. Taylor, Penn circulars, testi- Yan, N. Y. ably the best government high- with monials and free ways of Europe of the same period. It MARKET GARDENERS' PAPER trial treatment 25 CENT SPECIAL OFFER GW is a generally well recognized fact, in write Dr. H. H. GREEN'S SONS, Atlanta, Ga. WEEKLY MARKET GROWERS JOURNAL all progressive countries that good to Jan. i, zgog. Regular price, $r.00aycar. highways are one of the most import- Only paper printed exclusively for Market Gardeners ant features of the general transporta- and Truckers. R. M. Dunlap, Baraboo, Wis., says : "Just what I've been looking for all these years. One hint in it ion problem, and transportation of ABRAMS worth $1 to me." Every number worth subscription price. Posts you thoroughly on everything connected with the :'arm products is the key to farm pros- gardening-business. Order now. Stamps received. MARKET GROWERS JOURNAL perity. PAINT AND GLASS 522lliinois Life Building, Louisville, Ky. "Good road agitation and accom- plishment in this country cannot pro- COMPANY gress any too rapidly, either by feder- WANTED VA. al, State or local means, if American RicnnoND, - - farms are to continue supreme. Bills to Collect Effect of Silage on Milk Flavor. HOUSEHOLD PAINTS, GLASS, la all portions of the United States. Among its various advantages, corn SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS. "No collection, no charge. Agencies silage has come to the front in con- wanted everywhere; 25 years' expe- nection with the flavor of milk re- rience. PALMORE'S COLLECTION KILL SAN JOSE SCALE WITH its AGENCY, 911 Main St., Richmond, V*. sulting from use. The Depart- ment of Agriculture reports a test at GOOD'S SS^SSSSl SOAP MO. 3 Tell the advertiser where you saw the Illinois station where the dairy James Good, 959 N. Front Street, his advertisement. herd was divided into two lots, one Philadelphia. s

722 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [August,

of which was fed 40 pounds of corn THE VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. silage per cow, daily, while the other (State Agricultural and Mechanical lot was fed only clover, hay and College, at Blacksburg, Virginia. A Southern Institute of Technology.) grain. During the course of the ex- Fifty-six instructors, thoroughly periment samples of milk from each equipped shops, laboratories and in- lot were submitted to 372 persons for firmary. Steam heat and electric lights an opinion as to any difference in fla- in dormitories. Library of 10,000 volumes. Farm of eleven hundred acres. vor, the testers being, of course, kept Degree courses in Agriculture, Horti- of which milk was sil- in ignorance Poultry-raisers have found that culture, Applied Chemistry, Applied age produced. The result showed that the better the incubators and Geology, Civil, Mining, Mechanical and brooders they use, the better the Electrical Engineering, Metallurgy and 60 per cent, readily preferred the milk foods they feed, the more money they make, and the morepleasure they Metallography and Preparatory Veter- from the silage-fed cows, 29 per cent, get inary Medicine. School of Agricultural out of their fowls, we want to sup» the milk from cows not fed the sil- ply you with the better incubators end" Apprentices. brooders, foods and supplies. We manufac- Total cost of session of nine months, age, while 11 per cent, could not make ture and market the best goods In the world including tuition and other fees, board up their minds either way. This in- in our line. The •'United'' Incuba- uniform, medical attendance, tors and brooders—standard the world ov- washing, dicates a long white mark for corn er, and favorites with poultry people—are etc., $276.60. Cost of State students, our leaders in the machine line. "Ban- $226.60. silage for the dairy. The same can- .ner" and "Fidelity" Foods need no argument The next session opens Wednesday, not be said of all silage materials. to convince you of their merits. We manufacture and guarantee them. September 23, 1908. For catalogue and Soy beans, for instance, are believed .By buying aU your supplies at one other information, apply to place you wiU save on freight, to impar a somewhat disagreeable and wiil PAUL B. BARRINGER. M. D. LL..D., always get a quality taste to milk, whether fed just before you can depend on. Send us President. your orders and save money. or after milking. Before you buy elsewhere write for our free catalogs. Do it Fertilizing Value of Straw. to-day. United Incubator ft Poultry In the great wheat belts it is often Supply Mfg. Co., Dept. H Gem City the practice to burn straw, in other 26-28 Vesey St., H. Y. City. sections straw is largely wasted. Business Straw has both a considerable feeding and a fertilizing value. In order to BOTHERS.«S£™„ Complete Fireproof determine its fertilizing value exper- Hatching and Brood- College ing Plant for $7.50; iments have been made by the Mary- two quarts of oil will QUINCY, ILL. land Experiment Station. Fresh hatch and breod the Annual attendance 1400. wheat straw was broadcasted at the chicks. Our nest sys- 20 teachers. Students from latest dis- majority of states. Occu- tem is the rate of two tons per acre in the early covery. Full line of 0«***»l P'es ita own $100,000 specially de- UOOQ signed, and equipped building. fall and plowed down the following p ou 1 1 r y supplies. Pncitinnc await our graduates. Thor- spring, and the following results were Lo-west prices. Free rUaltlUIIS ough courses in Short- catalogue. Write to-day. hand, Typewriting, Bookkeeping, Ac- obtained: tual Business Practice, Penmanship and CYCLE HATCHER CO., Mathematics. Write for our beautiful illus- The untreated land produced 34 Box 400, El in ira, New York. trated catalogue giving full information free. bushels of corn per acre, and 16 bush- D. t. MTJSSEL.B1AN, President Lock Box 13Q Quincy, Illinois i els of wheat. The straw land produced 58 and 19 bushels, respectively, PATENTS and the same land manured produced ;Mfc. free report as te 86 bushels of corn and 22 bushels of Send sketch for patentability. Guide Book and Wkmt wheat. The results show that while to Invent, with valuable list of Inven- straw is not as valuable a fertilizer tions wanted sent free. One million DEinCL ACADEMY invention; offered as manure, it will produce a consid- dollars for one Fifty miles fron Washington |1«,000 for others. Patents secured by erable increase in yield, and should us advertised free in World's Progress. Oldest preparatory school in Virginia. Prepares for Busi- be used fresh where available, rather Sample free. ness, Universities and Gov- than allowed to go to waste. EVANS & WIL.KEITS, ernment Academies. Able S48 F Street, Washington, D. C. faculty. Thorough instruc- The Value of a Good Garden. tion. Individual attention. Charges S275. For illus. cata- Not everyone realizes the great val- log and information address ue of a thrifty, well-kept garden. Even Col. WM. M.KEMPER. Supt. "Feeds and Feeding" an inferior one is much better than WARRENTQN, VIRGINIA none. Vegetables are indispensible to AND a family, so far as health is concerned, to say nothing of the money saved The Southern Planter by not having to buy so much flour and so canned groceries. many It for only I2.2S, Including delivery of would seem that every man should the beok. This is Professor Heavy' manage to obtain a piece of ground great werk on Feeds and Feeding 'ROANOKE, VA Stock and la the recognised standard and see that it becomes well fertil- The school with the reputation. Po- everywhere. Every one with half ized sition for all graduates. Twentieth and enriched, and then put under dozen head of stock shoald have It. session opens Sept. 1st. Write to-day a thorough state of cultivation before for free catalogue. Address trying to plant the seeds. But it Planter, E. M. COULTER, President. Southern should be remembered that it takes as much work for a poor as it does for Richmond, Va. EDICAL COLLEGE a good garden. or Virginia Fine Peruvian Cotton. Efforts are being made by the De- State Female Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy

1 partment of Agriculture to introduce Seventy-first Session begins Sept. 15, 1908 Normal School Graded first-class by the American Medi- in the South, the fine, long staple cot- 1838 cal Association on the record of its gradu- begins ates. Climate salubrious. Li vine expenses ton of the Incas. Twanty-fith session September low. Write for catalogue I Oth. For catalogue and information 1908 terms and Cotton growing in Peru dates back Christopher Tompkins, M.D.,0ean, Richmond,Va, concerning State Scholarships, write to to prehistoric times, and it is quite J. L. JARMAN, President. Please mention the Southern Planter, a common occurrence to bring to light Farmville, Va. — —

1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 723

fine specimens of cotton textiles, in CHEAP Northern VirginiaFarms digging up ancient Inca graves. Pizarro was astonished at the fine A FINE STOCK FARM cotton cloth worn by the Peruvians. Here Are a Few Bargains $10,500—315 At various times subsequent to the acres with crops, stock, and all necessary farm No. 132. Contains 50 acres of smooth implements. conquest foreign varieties of cotton Near Leesburg in g-ently rolling, fertile land divided into a good neighbor- Egyptian, Argelian, Sea Island, Meta- hood near schools, four fields; pure running stream run- churches, stores, etc.; not far ning through the farm. The land ia fifi—have been introduced among the from river; 75 acres in fine timber; all in a good state of cultivation, choc- plantations, but the distinctly Peru- good blue grass soil in a olate clay with stiff sut>soll. The house good state of cultivation; yields bar- vian variety, the Peruvian rough of rel is a comfortable 6 room dwelling, ex- of corn to shock; half of farm cellent well at the porch; stable, corn commerce, still commands superior level, balance rolling but not hilly with house, granary, all in good condition. prices abroad. Exports are chiefly to the exception of one field; good fenc- In County ing; farm divided Farm is situated Loudoun England and the United States. The into 5 fields, with on a geod level road, 2% miles from spring in each; wind mill famous Peruvian rough, however, does supplies the station. Price $2,000. water for house and barn; close to not take kindly to cultivation in all public road; R. F. D. every day. No. 190. Consists or 210 acres, 188 parts of the republic, lea and Plura Large brick house in fine condition, acres cleared, 24 acres in timber; all beautifully located on a high hill, being the regions where apparently it with good chocolate clay soil; fine for grass iawn, and fine shade trees; brick barn and grain of all kinds; situated In thrives best. in good repair; 2 room brick tenant Loudoun County, 24 miles from Wash- The variety called locally "Egyp- house. Ice house, hen house, meat ington, three-quarters mile from mac- house, tian," which is our "Upland" of the etc., in good condition. Fine adam road leading into the city. Land young orchard in bearing. ia little rolling, but would be con- United States, grows readily in the a 65 acres in corn; 30 sidered level; fenced into ten fields; acres in wheat coast region of Peru. The Argelian and rye, 65 acres in water in all the fields and the whole clover and tim- variety is less adaptable to local othy; balance in grass. place is under good fence; six miles to con- horses, railroad station, close to village with ditions, and suffers greatly from a pre- 5 4 of them fine brood mares; 4 young cows; post-office, stores, shops, church, school valent blight, the bane of cotton plant- 3 young steers; 10 hogs, and mill. Orchard consists of about 1 sow. ers, which is locally 100 trees of different ages and kind* known as "hielo" All kinds of farm machinery in good of fruit. The dwelling is an 8 -room, (frost). It is probably of bacteriolog- repair. new frame house with a good tenant ical origin. The Metafifi (Yanovitch) 200 acres near Herndon, railroad and house; barn 16x24; stall for 6 horses, thriving town, on macadam and Sea Island are grown in spots road. 27 good granary, corn house, machine miles from Washington; 130 acres un- house and other small outhouaea. Price along the coast chiefly at Supe and der cultivation, balance in valuable timber, $6,000. Huacho, near Lima, for export chiefly. well fenced; attractive, modern 9-room house in splendid condition; limitations of the local No. 191. Consists of 475 acres, $06 The mills form fine lawn, plenty of shade; beautiful acres cleared, the balance In wood the chief reason for the more preval- view; tenant house; large barn, and all necessary land, part of It in original growth oak ent selection of the variety known as outbuildings; property is and hickory. This land Is all a heavy being bought up rapidly in this sec- Egyptian, which is easily grass and grain soil, rolling enough more worked tion. Price, $15,000; $3,500 down, bal- to drain well; chocolate clay soil, fine than the others. ance on easy terms. 300 acres, for wheat and corn and permanent Cheap Preservation of Posts and Poles. 7 miles from rail; R. F. grazing. It has two small never-fail- D.; 280 acres cleared; 200 acres in ing streams through It; fairly well One of the most practical plans grass—part fine blue grass. Springs in fenced. The buildings are a little eut which the Forest Service has worked every field. This place can be divided repair, but to into 2 farms; either place of comfortable enough out is what is termed the "open tank" can be live in. The farm has one 5-room bought separately, if desired. 2 good house and one 6-room house, frame method of treating timbers, a result houses, tenant house, blacksmith shop, filled in with English brick; stable for of experiments conducted to obtain 2 barns, hay houses, and a number of other small buildings; six horses, and other small outbuild- some cheap and simple process of a fine orchard ings. This is a property where, if a of apple and other fruit trees—a fine man ia willing to dwell in a modeat wood preservation adapted for tim- fruit section. A good stock farm. Price, house, he can purchase at a bargain, ber in common use, for which the $10,000. 335 acres make a most elegant and profitable pressure methods are too expensive. 7 miles from rail; $00 estate; In an excellent section of Fair- acres cleared; 200 acres in good blue fax County, 20 miles from Washington, The Forest Service has issued a small grass; good clay soil; well watered six miles from Herndon station. The bulletin (Circular 101) which will be by creeks and springs; nice orchard; brick and land Is in good condition and la mak- sent free on application, in which are frame house of 14 rooms ing fine crops. The owner is old and plenty of shade; barn with basement wants to sell, and if it Interests you, given descriptions of the necessary and all other necessary farm build- and you are ready to buy, do no delay. apparatus, together with diagrams of ings; in a good section of Loudoun, surrounded It can be bought on very easy terms. experimental tanks for treating fence by a wealthy class of land Price, $8,000. owners. Has been held at $12,000, but posts, telephone poles, and mine tim- can now be had for $9,000, to settle Farm No. 76. Contains 243 acres, 26 bers, as well as a diagram of a small up an estate. One of the best ba-- gains in acres in good timber, balance Is cleared commercial plant. In this circular the county. and well fenced with wood and wire 254 acres, 3 miles from rail; 64 acres fences. This farm is one of the finest consideration is given to the history, in timber; an excellent sheep and heg little farms In Loudoun County. Every description, theory, and methods em- farm; 7 room house; barn and outbuildings in field has been limed, and the land la ployed in the open-tank process, with good condition; very finely in a high state of cultivation. It la watered by running streams; blue natural bluegrass and clover land. its application and limitations. grass. Price $6,300. One third down Two-thirds of the land Is now well set The open-tank method is based upon balance to suit. yield crops 264 acres, 4 In clover and will enormous the use of an open tank, capable of miles from station; SO next year. The farm is situated on an acres in timber; blue grass; artesian elevated point, on rolling ground, with withstanding heat, and either equip- wells; 3 never failing springs; 7 room a fine view of the mountains on one ped with steam coils or so arranged house, barn and outbuildings fair; a side, and the ether side Is a beautiful fine stock farm; paying that a fire can be placed underneath. 12 per cent stretch of cultivated lands. This farm on investment; in a high state ef cul- Is all smooth, free from stones and Extensive experiments by the Forest tivation. Price $6,500. stumps, rolling enough to drain w.ell, Service with fence posts, telephone 233 acre farm, one and a half miles from good town but would be considered comparatively poles, and mine timbers have given and railroad station. level. The house is an 8-room house, Not far from Herndon. The buildings perhaps 19 year old, but well pre- satisfactory results, and it is believed are good. It will make a fine stock served. Fine water. There are all the that any of the preservatives in gen- farm with a little spent on it. It is on a public road, and lies necessary outbuildings, in good con- eral use can be applied by the open- well, In a goed dition. Horse barn with stalls for 10 neighborhood. The owner has Just horses and cattle barn with stalls for tank method for the treatment of authorized us to sell this farm for 25 head. Excellent orchard of all kinds fence posts, telephone poles, mine $5,575 in order to make a quick sale, as she has been compelled of fruit. This farm is one mile from props, small dimension timber, cross- to go West railroad station. Price, $37.50 per acre. and can not manage it. Terms to suit ties, piling, and similar timbers. purchaser. There is a mortgage of Send for my new List. $1,000 at 6 per cent, on the farm, which runs to Nov . 1, The fat contained in food-stuffs 1908. WM, BADS MILLER, HERNDON, VA. can P. B. BUEIX A SON, only serve as a fuel or energy produc- Herndon, Fairfax Co., Va. 724 THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK. [August,

COMPLETELY STOCKED er, or to build fatty tissue. Fatty- AND tissue furnishes potential energy and Attention is a reserve fuel supply for the ani- FINELY EQUIPPED FARM mal. Protein may also in a case of HOMESEEKERS AND INVESTORS. need serve as an energy produced, and FOR SALE. I sell and exchange Virginia Real may be used to form fat, but the use Estate of all classes, such as Grain, A fine farm in Loudoun County, all for such purposes is uneconomical. Dairy, Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry and ready for business. Stock, crops, farm Bluegrass Farms, Village Homes and implements, Everyone who has tried it knows and household furniture Business Places of all classes. go with farm, for only The $10,500. that pigs will thrive on clover pasture* reason I make a specialty of the two 227 acres of good land 3% miles from They eat it with relish suburban counties Loudoun and Fair- rail; 62 acres in timber; 25 acres corn; and tramp — less than cattle. fax—they offer the homeseekers more 30 acres wheat; 11 acres oats; peas and With a good clover advantages combined rape, 40 acres; ground rolling, good than any country run during the summer they will fin- known to me. This fine portion clay loam; 8 springs and 1 stream, 60 of acres has been limed within two years. ish into fine pork by Thanksgiving. Virginia, extending from the national capital to Good stone house of 8 rooms with GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL. the top of the Blue Ridge slate roof; ample grounds and large Mountains, is not only beautiful and garden; stone meat and spring house; healthy, but is very accesible to Wash- barn and cow stable in good condition; ington and Alexandria cities by rail large double corn house. THE LYNCHBURG FAIR. and pike, which gives all producers a Sine home market. Inventory of Personal Property at The record-breaking attendance at the My facilities for locating you in this Lynnwood Farm. section of Virginia are second third fair of the Interstate Fair As- to none. Three heavy mares ?405 State what kind of property would In- Mare and foal 160 sociation, of Lynchburg, Va., (Incor- terest you. I have a large number and Brown mare, 4 years 200 porated), held October 1, 2, 3 and 4, great variety of properties, and can gelding, 3 years 200 yery likely suit you. Bay 1907, was most gratifying to the man- New catalogue Yearling 75 and map mailed free on agement, request. 63 ewes and 26 lambs 356 and has encouraged them to put forth Two bucks 10 greater efforts for the fourth W. H. TAYLOR, Herndon, Va. Seven brood sows 70 fair, to be held September 29 and 30, Four shoats 25 and October 1 and 2, 1908. "Greater 38 Pigs 100 Two cows 80 efforts" alone will not accomplish all One calf 10 that is desired; but, these backed with Chickens 15 the expenditure of more money will Team Harness 100 produce results. In every department Two sets single harness .... 20 Six sets plow harness 9 of the premium list changes and addi- One wagon body 15 tions have been made, with a view to Healthy Productive Section. One running gear 25 bringing out better and more exhib- One binder 30 Land, climate its. and seasons con- Corn planter 5 ducive to successful farming in all One dayton 40 In the Live-stock Department the of its branches. Electric Two harrows 15 premiums offered for classes in which and steam One plow 9 home breeders can exhibit have been railroad facilities. The big Northern Two cultivators 10 materially increased, and two exclus- and Southern markets reached in a Drag, $3; double shovel plow,2 5 few hours. Sundries 20 ive local classes will be found for cattle. The premium^ tor heavy draft FRANK H. COX. $2,009 horses have not only been made more Household furniture in good oak and valuable, but nine gold medals and a Resident Agent, ASHLAND, VA. maple. Parlor suite of 5 pieces never championship cup, valued at are been used, Bedding, Carpets and mats, $100, Stoves, Lamps, all kitchen utensils, offered by the Percheron Society of knives, forks etc. All China and Table America, and the same will be found A LELIGHTFUL Linen in use. $350. in the Angora goat viass, where an- Crops on farm:—"Wheat about 375 other bushels. Gats 11 acres, sown for hay. handsome silver cup is offered VILLAGE HOHE Cowpeas and sorghum, 12 acres. by the American Angora Goat Breed- Stock farms in Northern Virginia a ers' Association. In the thriving town of Herndon, Va. specialty. In poultry, premiums have been Eight acres of land near station; To avoid possible delays kindly ten-room modern improvements, write or telephone us when to meet added for a number of breeds which house sanitary plumbing bath, etc.; 90 feet of you. have not hitherto been recognized. P. B. BUELL & SON, veranda; shaded lawn; bored well at In the children's department every door; excellent water; good stabling Herndon, Va. species of work done in the public and poultry quarters; some choice 'ruit. school is represented by an award, or This is an excellent house and ought by several, and the ladies' departments to interest the best class of families have been revised by experts, and in seeking country homes. Prompt pos- FARMS that of fancy needlework alone, forty session. new premiums are offered, including, Also, a village farm of 20 acres near station in Herndon; 8-room house, it is believed, every known class of stabling, artistic grounds, lawn and work. shade; excellent water; fruit in abund- Sale. The domestic science, agricultural, ance (apples, pears and grapes). For is and horticultural classes have been Herndon located in beautiful plateau region one hour from and four If you want a farm to r»„« grass, carefully revised, changes being made hundred feet above "Washington on the exhibits, grain, stock, fruit or tobacce, buy so as to ensure more by Bluemont division of the Southern making larger premiums and such Railway. No typhoid; no malaria; no from ub. Chocolate soli with red classification as will competition mosquitoes. subsoil. Address make less difficult. In each department the P. B. BUELL, & SON, BARNES A CO., W. W. are made by paid expert TIMBER AGENTS, awards Real Estate Brokers, LAND AND judges. Amelia Courthouse, Va. Herndon, Fairfax Co., Va. The racing last year was the best ever held in Lynchburg, but, from the "In the Green Fields of Virt^a." entries already received for the stake Homes for all) health far alii k«»pi"«*> VIRGINIA FARMS races, and the reports from the most and Independence for all.- All aiaea «i" Farms of any size with Improvement; reliable sources, the management feels Farms at corresponding price*, hat AXi2> Prices In reach of all. Free list. reasonable. PORTER * GATES, Louisa, Va>. safe in predicting that there will be MACON * CO., OH.ANGH, VA. ;

1908.] THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 725

many more horses at the fair this year than last year, and even better records will be made. At considerable cost the Association 4S»6 acres—The best stock farm In Wanted--To Exchange Fairfax Co. in a good neighborhood, has arranged with Mr. Charles J. Stro- at only $21 per acre. 200 acres In bel, of Toledo, Ohio, to exhibit daily valuable timber, mostly oak; bal- at the fair, one of ance in crops and grass; 11 never- his prize-winning Washington, D. C. property hav- failing springs. 5 miles from Clif- air-ships, which will make two ascen- yearly rental for ton station, on the Southern R. R. sions daily, and one at night, -besides ing over $10,000 a 7 miles from electric line at Fair- being on exhibition at all times where fax Court House; 9 miles from large grazing farm in Piedmont, Va. Herndon on the W. & O. R. R.; 20 visitors can examine it closely. Mr. One finely improved with residence, miles to Washington on Warrenton Strobel has won prizes with his air- pike; one fourth mile from Center- ships at the St. Louis, Portland, and ville, where there are churches, and stables, etc., preferred. Address (schools, mills, stores, blacksmith Jamestown expositions, besides having full particulars care shop, etc.; R. F. D. at door every made successful flights at the leading with "Hom'e' day; 4 miles from Bull battle Run fairs in this country and at festivals Sold. Only farm for sale between Planter Office. Chantilly and Centervllle pike. Con- in Mexico and Cuba. His air-ship is sidered the best fruit farm in this one that will navigate the air, and wection large —a apple and peach can be guided at will by the operator. orchard In first class condition, loaded, with fruit; 20 acres In This feature alone will be worth a MARYLAND wheat; 25 acres oats; 35 acres corn; visit to the fair. acres AND SO meadow that will average Among the free attractions to enter- 2 tons of hay per acre. If sold within 30 days, crops will go with tain the public between the races will VIRGINIA place, without extra cost. Good clay be a troupe of Japanese acrobats and FARMS NEAR WASHINGTON. soil; just rolling enough to drain performances by trained wild animals. Unsurpassed as well. money-makers; best Two houses and two barns new In addition to this a contract has place on earth for farmers, dairymen, — stockmen or poultry men; mild climate, house of 8 rooms and cellar, and been made with a well-known amuse- best markets in country; highest new barn, situated on main road; ment caterer to bring a full line of other house of 5 large rooms and prices; no such word as "Fail" for in- cellar with good barn, beautifully side-shows to fill the entire Midway dustrious man. Big bargains here now. located near the center of the and to give every visitor an oppor- 2,500 places to select from. Catalogue free. farm; all necessary outbuildings; a tunity to find entertainment and beautiful view of the Blue Ridge CO., Washington, D. C. pleasure for every moment spent at THE SOULE mountains from this farm. The Largest Farm Dealers in the South. timber alone will half pay for the the fair. farm. Owner has good reasons for On the nights of Tuesday, Wednes- FOR RENT. selling. su- If desired will subdivide and sell day and Thursday, there will be 100 acres, including the 200 acres perb displays of fireworks by the A. 180 ACRE FARM in timber, with the 5 room house L. Due Fireworks Company, of Cin- 2Vi miles from Salisbury, North Car- and barn, for $6,500, or will sell the cinnati, whose magnificent pyrotech- olina. Good road, good water, health- 100 acres with the new house and ful location. Eighty acres in cultiva- fine nic displays last year were voted the barn, Including the orchard, for tion, good soil, 30 acres fine meadow, $4,500. best ever seen in this State. The pro- ditched and well drained. I acre Being so close to "Washington for strawberries, 3-year-old orchard. Two this place val- gramme promised by the company markets makes very sets of buildings. Fine location for uable as a stock farm. this year is even more brilliant than dairying and trucking. Will give 5 Stock farms in Northern Virginia a that of 1907, and the fire-works, as year lease to responsible party recom- Specialty. usual, will be a great feature. mended. P. B. BUELL & SON, Many improvements have been made D. W. BURRIGHT, Salisbury, N. C. Herndon, Virginia. to the grounds since last year, chief LUMBER-MAN of which may be mentioned a con- FARMER. COAL-MAN nection with the new gravity water Virginia Farms ATTENTION! system of the city, by which it is full supply Handsome Country Homes astd My new 1908 land book is ready. It confidently expected that a contains some 150 descriptions of of clear, cool water will be furnished Grade Farm Lands a Specialty. railroads TIMBER TRACTS, at all times. There are four J. E. WHITES, "THE LAND MAN," Properties Lots, Iron to the city, and two street-car lines Farms, Town and Charlottesville, Va. and Coal Lands. to the fair grounds. Premium lists I also have a nice Cement property, can be obtained by writing to F. A. and some splendid Hotels to offer. secretary, Lynchburg, Va. IN Write at once for it. It is free for Lovelock, IF YOU WISH TO LOCATE the asking. LOUDOUN COUNTY J. W. GUINN, General Manager, SEND FOR Goshen, Vn. WORKERS WHO WANT WORK. The Free Labor Bureau of The THE VIRGINIAN Bowery Mission has, within the past Published By Del,. S. CRITTENDEN, Old Virginia Farms. four months, sent over 1,300 men to Real Estate Broker, Climate and Productiveness unex- country districts in response to the ASHBURN, VA. celled. Largest sale Hat In Stat*. appeals of farmers for field laborers, For full particulars and Free Cata- on hand many hundreds logue address but still has of common laborers, farm hands, gen- OASSEL.MAN COMPANY, Virginia Farms A eral handy men, and mechanics skilled RICHMOND, VA. in almost every branch of industry. MOST SELECT LIST, and in all Me- of the State. The Bowery Mission carries on this tions important work absolutely free of PRBB CATALOGUE. Farms, Orchards, Timber, charge, and without regard to creed R. B. CHAPFIN & CO., Inc. are in need Cotton Lands in Virginia and the South or 'nationality. All who Richmond, Va. ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION So- of workers for the harvesting should ciety, Charlottesville, Va. communicate with John C. Earl, Fin- A Neat Binder for your back num- ancial Secretary of The Bowery Mis- ber* can be had for 30 cents. Addreaa Please Mention the Southern Planter. sion, 54 Bible House, New York City. enr Business Department. 726 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

THE FIRST ANNUAL ROUND-UP BARGAINS FARMERS' FARM- INSTITUTE— <"RARVA" MEAT MEAL. ERS' SUMMER SCHOOL. Near Washington. Poultry Food. At Clark University, August 3rd to 125 acres 1 mile from station; only 85 per cent. Protein. 7 per cent. Fat. 10 miles from "Washington on pike; 8th, Inclusive. ECONOMIC, .PURE, APPETIZING, near electric line; 75 acres cleared; AND WHOLESOME. There are in the State of Georgia good soil; well fenced; good house of WILL KEEP INDEFINITELY. 11 rooms with modern improvements, 18,700 Negro farm owners, 35,250 Ne- Sack 100 lbs., $3.00. cost $6,000 4 years ago; ample shade. cash, tenants Negro gro and 36,889 AN IDEAL FOOD TO FEED Frame barn with brick basement, 24 share tenants. Thousands of these WHILE by 40 feet. All other necessary out- MOULTING. Negro farmers, in all three classes, buildings. A very fine orchard. Cheap at Sample on Request. 115,000. want to chang ehteir system of farm- 21 acres one and a half miles from ing and raise their standard of liv- station; stream through place; fine 11- ing, but they do not know how to do RICHMOND ABATTOIR, room house; plenty of shade; nice lawn; fine fruit; barn and outbuildings; it Dept. M. Box 267. only nine and a half miles from Wash- Again, there are 117,000 male Ne- RICHMOND, VA. ington. Price $3,760. gro farm laborers and 72,000 female Stock farms in Northern Virginia a farm laborers, a total of 189,900 Ne- specialty. gro farm laborers with an earning Write or telephone us what you power of $147 per year each. These want. laborers have nothing to inspire P. B. RUELL & SON, them with a love for their work. We Herndon, Va. must have this people to see farming in its true light and realize that it Mill for Sale. is not a round of toil and drudgery, but a calling that can be made to pay to data, 36-barrel- Up water-power, well. roller mill and saw mill, in good (rain of You have been fooled enough with section, close to schools, good brick In the first time in the history worthless Lice Powder*. dwelling, garden and spring. Will be the State of Georgia an opportunity Try the Best at our expense. sold cheap. is being given to the Negro farmers to Conkey's Lice Powder Dixon Bros., Lexington, Va. attend school for one week and be kills instantlyand is harmless to the fowl. taught the latest methods of farming Send 6 cents for postage and get sample 130 ACRE FARM and improving their conditions. For and also Valuable Poultry Book FREE. this purpose the authorities in charge THE Q. E. CONKEY CO. For Sale 8 miles from Richmond, 1 428 OTTAWA 8L0H., CLEVELAND, CHI* mile from depot on steam and electric of the movement have succeeded in railroad. Good dairy and truck farm, securing the services of several agri- about 70 acres cleared, rest in timber. cultural experts. Cannery on next farm. For particulars address, A partial list of the instructors R. E. BUTLER, that have been secured is given below: "PRACTICAL FARMING" Drewry's Bluff, Va. Two lectures—Farm Garden and Prof. W. F. Massey's latest and best Orchards, Frof. J. G. Oliver of the REAL ESTATE FOR SALE. book Is now on sale. It retails for Seventh District Agricultural School, From the Mountains to the Ocean. $1.60, and is worth It. We shall be Powder Springs, Ga. Catalogue free. Loans made on farms. very pleased to send you a copy at Established Two lectures The Plow, Its Care, 1875. — above price and will include a year's Mr. J. B. Butler of GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., and Adjustment, subscription to The Southern Planter. 1009 E. Main Street., the Chattanooga Plow Co., Chatta- RICHMOND, VA. Remember, we deliver the book and nooga, Tenn. give you a whole year's subscription Branch, Norfolk, Va. Winter Five lectures—Fall and for the price of the book, $1.50. FARMS. Plowing, Prof. H. E. Stockbridge, of SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va. Ruralist, Atlanta, Ga. -. Mineral and Timber Lands. the Southern Free list on application. Three lectures—The Best System of W. A. PARSONS & CO., Renting Farm Lands Editor G. G. OWING TO OUR DISPERSION, 1527 East Main St., Richmond, Va. Hunnicutt of the Southern Cultivator, SOME BURKES GARDEN LAND, Davis Hotel Bldg. SHORTHORN CATTLE, SOUTHDOWN Atlanta, Ga. SHEEP, STANDARD POULTRY AND Management of Farm 190 Acre Two lectures— VARIOUS EQUIPMENT WILL BE Labor, Prof. P. C. Parks, Superin- SOLD AT FIGURES IT PATS TO LOOK tendent of the Agricultural Depart- INTO AT ONCE. W. B. DOAK, MGR., B. G. CO., TAZEWELL, VA. ment of Clark University. C. SALE. P. S. LIKE TO HEAR FROM FARM FOR Three lectures—On the Selection of STOCK FARMER, BREEDER, OR At a bargain. SY2 miles from Saxe Cotton and Corn Seed for Planting, DAIRY IN NEED OF FOREMAN, OR Station in Charlotte Co. Well located, Mr. E. Gentry, of the Bureau of Plant PARTIES WITH CONVENIENT, WELL convenient to schools, churches, mills IMPROVED FARM TO RENT WITH and stores. Price $4 per acre, time Industry, Washington, D. C. PRIVILEGE OF BUYING. PARTICU- given to suit purchaser. Two lectures—Caring for and Feed- LARS AND PRICE. W. M. WATKINS, Saxe, Va. ing a Dairy Herd, Profs. C. L. Wil- loughby and P. N. Flint of the South- POULTRY FARM ern Experiment Station. JACKS and SADDLERS Three lectures—On the Improve- Imported and tor sale. I intend to devote all my time ment of the Cotton Plant, ,Prof. G. Kentucky Mam- to other business and offer my farm moth jacks, sad- Director of the Agricul- of 87 acres in Hanover Co., Va., for W. Carver, dle stallions and sale. Write me for particulars and tural Department, Tu&kegee Insti- mares and Tarn- price. Will give a quick buyer a bargain. tute. worth hogs. Two lectures—On How to Extend We are making special p CAL HtTSSBLMAN, by Prof. C. rices the Rural School Term, through the sum- J. Calloway of Macon County, Ala. mer season. Tell the advertiser where you saw Two lectures—On Harvesting the J. F. COOK & CO., his advertisement. Corn and Cotton Crop, Associate State Lexington, Ky. —

.1908.] THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 727

Agent Davis of the Bureau of Plant You Can't Talk Industry, Washington, D. C. lecture On How to Keep the Fistula One — it too strong. What 7 BB andan#l m Boys on the Farm, Prof. J. M. Collum, Principal of the Third District Agri- = Gombault's cultural School, Americus, Ga. —i| Two lectures—On Keeping Your Attractive, Prof. J. Any person, however inexperienced, Farm Neat and can readily cure either disease with N. Rogers, Principal of the Tenth Gaustic Balsam Fleming's District Agricultural School. As a Liniment Fistula and Poll Evil Cure Two lectures—On the Raising of —even bad old oases that skilled doctors 1 Poultry on the Farm, Dr. W. J. Yates have abandoned. Easy and simple; no For the Human Body cutting; just a little attention every fifth of Gammon Theological Seminary, day and your money refunded If it ever — SpriDgfield. 0., Sept. 19, 1904. fnl'*. Cures most cases within thirty days, Atlanta, Ga. Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, O.—Lewis Evelsiz- loafing the horse sound and smooth. All lectures On Insects Injurious er, Urbana, R. F. D., a farmer,had a bad cancer on back particulars given in Two — of his When I first saw it he was on his way to Proi. Z. Hubert, of hand. Fleming's Vest-Poctet to Farm Crops, have his hand amputated. I persuaded him to first try Veterinary Adviser. Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM, which he did, and on Best veterinary book for farmers. Con- second application could rest well at night—the first tains 192 pages and 69 illustrations. Dur- In addition to the above, Hon. T. for weeks. In less than three months he was at work ably bound in leatherette. Write us for State Commissioner of on the farm. He will certify to this statement over his a free copy. G. Hudson, the signature. Then Mr. Jenkins, storekeeper and post- Insti- aiaster at Seth, 0., had a bad cancer on his cheek-bone. .. FLEMING BKOS., Chemists, Agriculture, will address the I saw him at a grange meeting and told him to use 880 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. tute. CAUSTIC BALSAM twice a day, rubbing it in for five or three months it was healed over and this Farmers' Institute wish ten minutes. In At we is now all sound. These two are all that I have the to devote one day to the teachers of address of just now. I have had CAUSTIC BALSAM used on old shin sores. One man had walked with the rural schools among the Negroes. crutches for more than a year, and several pieces of bone had come out. I persuaded him to try CAUSTIC A representative of the Jeans Fund BALSAM, and today you would not know he was ever will be present to address the teach- lame. Then, it is a sure cure for piles, using it with sweet oil. I could tell of dozens of cases where I have Removes Bursal Enlargements^ ers as to the conditions under which induced diflerent ones to use CAUSTIC BALSAM. I have Thickened Tissues, Infiltrated the various schools may receive aid been the means of more than fifty bottles being bought, Parts, and any Puff or Swelling, because I know just what it will do. You can't talk Cures Lameness, Allays Pain from this fund. No rural school it up strong enough. I wish you success. R. L. HOLMAN, without laying the horse rip. not Does teacher can afford to miss this op- In charge Co-operative Work of Ohio State Grange. blister, stain or remove the hair. $2.00 U, bottle, delivered. Pamphlet 1-C free. portunity. Mr. C. J. Galloway of Ma- Price $ 1 .SO par bottle. Sold by druggists, or cent by us express prepaid. Write for Booklet H. ABSOKBINE, JR., for mankind, gl.00 con County, Alabama, who has done bottle. Cures Synovitis, Weeping Sinew, The LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cleveland. 0. Strains, Gouty or Rheumatic Deposits, so much to extend the rural term of reduces Varicose Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocele. his county, will address the Institute Allays pain. Book free. Genuine mfd. only by on the work that he has accomplished. W. F.YOUNG, P.D.F., 109 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass. Come and bring some of your pa- trons with you. tracts and kills£il flies Neat, elcm, ornamental, The expenses for those attending convenient, cheap Lasts all season, Ab- this Institute will be 50 cents per day solutely harmless, can or $3.00 for the whole week. This not spill or tip over, wil not soil or injure any' amount includes board, room rent and thing. Guaranteedeffecfr students ive. Of all dealers or tuition. The rooms of the Use the old, reliable, standard remedy * 4 Bickmore's Gall Cure' 3 and beware of sentprepaid ior20 cents. who are now out on their vacation SOMBRE imitations. Every genuine package bear3 HAKOLD visitors and the above trademark of the working horse, - 149 DeKalb Ave. will be prepared for the • and if you are not satisfied after using it Brooklyn, N. X. all are expected to eat in the dining according to directions, dealers are authorized to refund your money. hall. OKSTAD'S "ONB APPLICATION CURES' An old fashioned free barbecue, will Bi&kmove's Call Gure All cures open sores, cuts and abrasions of IMPY-JM CAPSULES be given on Saturday, August 8th. every description promptly and speedily. GUARANTEED fiSg-WEITE FOB PARTICULARS of the farmers attending the Insti- Does not interfere with working the animal. THE ONSTAO CHEMICAL CO. Try it. Sample with full directions and Bick- tute are invited to be present. more's New Horse Book mailedior 10c. ,^ 101 Key Street Indianapolis, Ind. BICKMORE GALL CURE CO. Box 935. OLD TOWN. Maine PRUSSIAN IOWA'S FENCE POST BILL. COUGH & DISTEMPER CURE An annual fence post bill of more Distemper, all Throat Cures Cough. is item in the ex- and Lung Trouble. Purines the blood than $1,250,000 one Puts the animal in condition. 60c. pense account of the farmers of a sin- msn Prussian Remedy Co. St. Paul. Minn, gle agricultural state. It is estimated Don't experiment. You can make and that the farmers of Iowa use posts keep your horses sound with the having a value exceeding this enor- time-tried A Year's Subscription to mous sum each year to maintain the Kendall's fences on the 25,000,000 acres of im- THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER. Spavin Cure proved land in the state. For much more than FREE. In making these estimates, H. P. a generation It has of Southern been the great cure for Every reader The Baker, formerly professor of forestry Spavin. Ringbone.Curb. Planter who subscribes or renews Splint. Swellings, Sprains his subscription to The Southern in the Iowa State Agricultural Col- and Lameness. Planter during the next sixty days lege at Ames, and now occupying the "I hare used your medicine nearly 40 years. A will receive for the asking a horse with two bog spavins, at the end of four FREE chair of forestry at Pennsylvania months, was as smooth as the day he was foaled." year's subscription to the Southern John Smith, Johnville, Que. Fruit Grower. Contains from 32 to State College, figured that the farms Also a great family liniment. 9 1 a bottle, 6 for $5. 40 pages monthly. Devoted to of the state required 78,000,000 posts All druggists. Free book, "Treatise on the Horse." fruit growing in the South. Re- for fences, or 2,000 to the square CO.. ENOSBURG FALLS, VT. that you can get two DR. B. J. KENDALL member the value of the posts papers now for the price of one mile. Placing 60 cents. If you desire a sample at 15 cents each, the cost of renewal IBfftOVB Heave, Cough, Mr copy of the Southern Fruit Grower is .DEATH TO HCATtS every eight or nine years, which Guaranteed temper and Indigestion Core* write them at Chattanooga, Tenn., Remedy forwtnd* the life of the post, is $11,718,000, A veterinary and send orders to us. throat and stomach troubles. making an annual bill for renewals '*$&" Strong recommends* $1.00 pet or prepaid. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, can , of dealers, exp. Richmond, Va. of $1,465,000. TheNewton Remedy Co. Like many other farming states. Toledo, Ohio. !

T28 THE SOUTHEHN PLANTER. [August,

Iowa has a lack of fence post mater- BUFF ial, but there is littie excuse for this ORPINGTONS condition according to the foresters 60 S. C. Buff Orpington yearling who have made studies in the hens, 1908 breeders (all good) $1.50 state. each. A properly managed forest plantation 5 S. C. Buff Orpington Cocks $2 to White Plymouth Rocks will produce, when the trees have $5. One of these is a show bird. All reached post size, 3,500 posts, 3 to 5 good. Best stock inches in A lot of 1908 hatch Buff Pullets and FSSCHEL strain diameter per acre; thus it Cockerels would at $1.00 each. Eggs $1.00 per setting; take 22,350 acres about every A few choice White Orpington cocks ten years to grow the necessary posts at $1.00 each. 1908 hatched. birds BULL No lor sale. to supply the state. Iowa is said to PUPPIES. 7 Bull Dog Puppies, 6 males and 1 have 200,000 acres of planted timber, AJew also female. Pedigree with each. $10 to $15 HAMPSHIRE PIGS and yet the fence each. The black post supply is in- Fine stock. Large. Parents hog with white sufficient. If properly cared for, weigh 60 and 70 pounds each. FAY CRUDUP, Route belt. Prices reasonable, many of these plantations can be 2, Clarksville, Va. made to produce more timber, S. M. GEYER, Manager, and SPECIAL thus insure the fence post supply. %%% Buff Orpingtons Norfo it & Western Ry, Farm, Ivor, Va. These 200,000 acres are not at pres- Famous ent furnishing the posts which it is Willow Brook strain. Hav- ing raised more than care estimated can be grown on 22,350 we to carry will sell pullets and cockerels four and acres of properly handled forest five months old for $1 each. Send your land. This in itself is an astonish- order at once. Only a limited lot to ing offer. statement, but there are several ALBERENE "RINGLET" reasons for such a condition. They ORPINGTON YARDS, have been summed up under the three Alberene, Va. BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS following heads: Glenview EXCLUSIVELY. 1. Failure to select species suited Orpingtons. to the region and the land to be S. C. BVFFS EXCLUSIVELY. E. B. Thompson's celebrated strain. planted. at Richmond Show, 1908, My breeding pens this My birds won 2. No protection against stock. It year Include 1st and 3rd hen; all my Richmond winners. 1st and 3rd Cock; is impossible to make land -produce Eggs will Prize Pen and Association's Special 6>e shipped from nothing; but 1st both first-class stock and first-class the bast. Display in Barred Rocks. They 92.se per sitting IS. for Best trees at the same time. The animals of be excelled in egg production, B. S. HORNE, can not eat the terminal buds of the young KESWICK, VA. size, vigor and beauty. Beautiful lot trees, pack the soil so that it will not young stock growing. Satisfaction of take up the rain, and break and bruise Royal Reds—Orpingtons. guaranteed. LESLIE H. McCUE, Box the trees, opening them to the attack Afton, Va. Fine yearling hens and early hatched 4, of insects and fungi. The trees shade cockerels of the best egg producing out the grass and reduce its forage VALLEY FARM and prize winning strains of R. I. Reds value. BARRED P. ROCKS and Buff Orpingtons. Large beautiful 3. Lack of protection against fire. hens in excellent laying condition. Lo- S. C. B. LEGHORNS Many fine plantations have been cust Mount Poultry Farms. Geo. W. finest lot of young The ruined by permitting surface fires to Sweeting, Sharon, Harford Co., Md, chicks 1 ever raised, fast run through them. coming to maturity, Fire protection, nicely marked. Corres- which is often given by plowing two RHODE ISLAND REDS. pondence cheerfully an- or three furrows about the plantation, BOTH COMBS. swered. Circulars free. is especially important after the trees CHARLES C. WINE, Ergs from pure-bred, high elasi Mt. Sidney, Va. have reached such a size that they stock at tl.SO per IS, $2.S0 per Sf no longer receive cultivation, as the and $4.50 per 60. Also a nice home and store for sal* White Plymouth RocKs! litter and brush form a dangerous or rent. Main building has 14 room* fire risk. All necessary outbuildings. The wholi At Herndon Show—"Clean Sweep." nearly new. Write first Cockerel with first Have mated CLINTON HENSLBT. Pro*. Diktat first pen and second Pullet from Hen, Poultry Firm, Elkton. Va. this show. Can spare few eggs from Rappahannock Co., Va., Feb. 17, 1908 this pen $2 for 16 guaranteeing fer- — — I find the Southern Planter full of MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER, tility. My stock is excellent. information for the farmer, stockman Blackstone, Va. O. M. WALKER, HEKNDON, VA. Secretary of Herndon Poultry Asso- and poultrvman. Headquarters for Pure-Bred ciation. THBO. M. ROHR. R. C. Rhode Island Reds High-Class McDowell Co., N. C, Feb. 17, 1908 Eggs for Hatching. Stock. Member R. I. Red Club. I do not think the Southern Planter PEKINS has an equal in farm papers. Bargains in March and April hatched (early egg B. C. BROWN. producers) and yearlirigs for sale. Black Langshans S. C. White Leghorn Coekerels, March hatched, from eggs from Richmond Co., Va, F.eb. 17,1908. All of this season's breeding stock Fogg's Yards, Kentucky. of the noted egg-laying strain, Black's is the finest WM. BUGBEE, Palmyra, Va. The Southern Planter Black Langshans. are now for sale at paper of its kind I have ever read. bargain prices. Also some choice young birds. MRS. J. E. JOHNSON. CLOSING OUT SALE. A. M. BLACK. - - - Tazewell, Va. C'f S. C W. Leghorns, and we are also booking orders for White DeWITT'S FINE POULTRY CATALOG. Wyan- Fairfax Co., Va, Feb. 20, 1908. dotte*, W. H. Turkeys, White Guineas, Sixty varieties of Pure-Bred Poultry. White China Geese. Pekin and Wild The Southern Planter is the best .of Illustrated. Prices of stock and eggs Mallard Ducks. All first class stock and all agricultural journals I have ever upon request. Catalogue 10 cents, cheap. read. redeemable on first order. WHITE POULTRY YARDS, DeWTTT POULTRY FARM, Lorraine, Va. C. H. KEMPER. Highland Park. Richmond, Va* 729 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

HINTS BY MAY MANTON. MY MOTTO: Every variation of the princess "Best None Too Good.' Poultry For Sale* model is being met with enthusiasm just now and many women who find I will sell nearly all of my flock the more severe style trying are sure of poultry, S. C. B. and S. C. W. to welcome such a pretty modified Leghorn pullets and yearling hens, one as this. The skirt and the blouse also all W. H. Turkeys. Hens, $10.00 portions are joined at the sides by per dozen, $75.00 per 100. Turkey means of a belt but the panels at the hens with broods of young, 1 hen front and back give the long, unbroken and 10 poults, $5.00. I intend to characteristic lines. In this case foul- manufacture incubators and brood- ard is trimmed with plain silk and ers and must sell my poultry and with a little chemisette of embroidered farm at prices that will move them. batiste, but pongee, all the silks that so much worn this summer linen, CAL HTJSSELMAN, are cotton, the silk and cotton mixtures, Highland Springs, Va. cotton voile, and the like, are just as appropriate, so that the gown really can be utilized for a great many oc- REGISTERED &HROPSHIRES. Poplar Hill Poultry Farm casions and a great many fabrics. It I now offer for prompt acceptance: is closed invisibly at the left of the 1 3-year old Imported Ram, weight Dr. H. H. LBB. when in flash 180 lbs., thin now owing Prop., R. F. D. 4, back and it can be made either in to drought, weight 150 lbs. Price $35. Lexington, V*. walking length or the pretty round one 5 2-year old rams, weighing 160 to Breeder and ship- that is graceful for indoor gowns. 200 lbs., at $18 to $20. per of Silver Laced 2 2-year-old rams, good individuals, Wyandotte*. Fresh weight about 150 lbs., slightly under Eggs for hatching size, $15 each. from high gearing 6 ewe lambs, weight 90 to 100 lbs., birds, bred to lay, $12 to $15. $1 per 15. No more 3 ram lambs weight as above, $12 stock for sale at to $15. present. A few good ewes, ranging in age, from 1 to 7 years, $12 to $20. TAYLOR'S All of above stock is registered, or will be, for purchaser; prices f. o. b. WHITEWYANDOTTES here. Satisfaction guaranteed or money White Holland Turkeys and White refunded. Send check and be sure of Muscovy Ducks. getting good stock. References: Win where shown. Pullets now for W. B. Copper, Cashier Bank of sale at $1 each. Chestertown, Md. R. RANDOLPH TAYLOR, Hickory Bot- H. R. GRAHAM, Chestertown, Md. tom Farm, Negr«foot, Va. R. P. D. P. S. If accepted before Aug. 15th, deduct 5 per cent. I have two good 2., Beaver Damt Va. Berkshire Boars weighing about 125 and 150 lbs, each. Bergcr's $15 White Wyandottes are the snow white 3BDGEWOOD STOCK FARM blocky kind that win Persistent layers the year round. (Trap nest used). Breeding stock at summer prices.. City address, R. O. I1EIK.EK. 1G No. 20th St. RICHJIOND, VA. Our fall lambs are now ready for BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK you. Let us hear from you promptly this year. (Park's Strain) and RHODE ISLAND RED COCKERELS, J. D. ARBUCKLE & SONS,

April hatched, $1 each, or six for $5, Maxwelton, Greenbrier County, up to September 1st. West Virginia. FRED B. JONES, Gloucester, Va. BARGAIN SALE Breeding Stock R. C. Brown Leghorns and Barred Plymouth Rocks. Dorset Sheep For Sale. • other varieties. Write me I have to offer this season a large 'our wants and save money. number of Dorset rams of the ages of s5et my big catalog, only 10c. lambs, yearlings and two-year-olds. My IOHN E. HEATWOLE. Box sheep are of the best type and quality L, Harrisonburg, Va. having been selected from the best 6057 Princesse Gown, flocks in America. Prices reasonable. 34 to 42 bust. SAMUEL T. HENINGER, SHEPHERD DOGS To be made in Walking or Round Burkes Garden, Va. Several beautiful Shepherd Pups, Length With or Without the very fine stock on both sides. Will Pitted Lining. sell at the low price of $5 each. DORSETS. is a fitted lin- One six-months' old Spayed Shepherd The gown made with We offer a number of flock headers female at $6. A fine stock dog and a ing on which the panels and the beautiful color. Satisfaction guaran- blouse portions that are cut in one in yearling, two and three-year-old teed. with the sleeves, are arranged. The Rams; no ewes to offer at present ex- W. M. WATKINS, Saxe, Va. cepting a few three-quarter bloods. chemisette is separate and is arranged Please mention the Southern Planter. under the blouse, so that if liked the J. E. WING & BRO., Meehanicsburg, O. —

Y30 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER [August,

lining can be omitted, making a thin- Pinehurst Shropshires ner and lighter gown which can be utilized for the simpler washable ma- REDLANDS FARM terials as well as for those 'already mentioned. The skirt portion is made SHROPSHIRE SHEEP with two gores at each side, which are joined to the panels, and the Ten very fine Bucks ready for front and back edges of these gores service. and the edges of the panels are arranged to form inverted plaits. The quantity of material for the RED POLL BULL medium size is 10 3-4 yards 24 or 32, yards 7 44 inches wide, 5-8 yard 18 CALVES—VERY FINE. inches wide for chemiseette, 1-2 yd. 27 inches wide for the yoke and cuffs. AARON SEAY, Manager, Carter's The pattern 6057 is cut in sizes for Bridge, Albemarle Co., Va. a 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust measure and will be mailed to any address by the Fashion Department of this paper on receipt of ten cents. One piece frocks are exceedingly RED POLL CALVES fashionably just now and are really The dual purpose type. If interested WARDWELLS "LEAD THE WAY/' very pretty for playtime and all oc- in the best farmers' cattle on earth, YEARLING HOME-BRED RAM. casions of a similar sort. This one write for photos and records of ours. In 1907 we won CHAMPION RAM at is appropriate for linen for chambray, We will interest you sure. Chicago International, Michigan State for percale, for gingham, and also for H. B. ARBUCKLE, and New York State Fairs, and every the thinner lawns of real Maxtvelton, W. Va. FIRST PRIZE at Vermont State Fair. hot weather, We have the best Aged, Yearling and while it can be trimmed with bands VALLEY FRONT FARM. Ram Lambs, the best Aged Ewes, Year- of contrasting material or with one of ling Ewes and Ewe Lambs for sale the ready made bandings as Sassafras, Gloucester Co., Va. and at reasonable prices liked. It —we ever of- I have a nice lot of registered Here fered, hangs in long, graceful folds and the either for breeding purposes, or, ford Bulls and Heifers, for sale at if you want to buy a for box plaits over the Show Flock shoulders provide farmers' prices. Also a number of the coming Fair Season, we believe we becoming fulness. In the illustration grade Heifers and cows. My herd rep- can sell you Sheep that will at win white French resents best strains and choice indi- State or County Fairs. linen is banded with rose viduals. We pay not only great care to get color, making an exceedingly attrac- Win. C. Stubbs, Prop. the BEST in importing, but even more tive yet durable frock. care in selecting oar breeding flock. This is undoubtedly the reason our flock has such a great reputation. OPPORTUNITY. We have about 60 Rams and 60 Ewes RARE for Sale, fit to go in any flock—besides To secure pure-bred stock. Chester iOO Lambs for sale. White, Poland-China and Berkshire HENRY L. WARDWELL, Pigs | Jersey Bulls and Heifers; Lin- Springfield Center, N. Y. coln, Hampshire and Shropshire Down Sheep; Scotch Collie Dogs. Variety of poultry. Send 2-cent stamp for cir- Pure cular. EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa. Bred Farmington Stock Farm Suffolk (Owned by Warner Wood's estate.) Sheep Short Horn Cattle. Yearling Heifers and young bulls Largest Flock in the South. for sale at farmer's prices. Pedigrees Twenty Early Buck furnished. Trains stop on farm. First Lambs, sired station west of Charlottesville, C. by Imported Buck, for sale. & O. Ry. Write for further particulars If you want the best sheep on to P. E. McCATJLEY, Mgr. Birdwood, earth for Early Lambs, and well Va. marked, buy a Suffolk. K. E. HARMAS, Devon Herd Established 1SS4. Hamp- shire Sown Flock Established 18M. Pulaski, Virginia. DEVON CATTLE ANGUS CATTLE. BULLS AND HTCIKKR9, SOUTHDOWN SHEEP. HAMPSHIREDOWK 8HHBP, ESSEX PIGS. RAMS AND IWUI, ROBERT J. PARRER, Orange, Va, One choice Angus Cow, 5 years old; two choice Pure Bred Bulls, one and two years old. A number of South- THOROUGHBRED down Lambs, May, June and July delivery, and a few Essex Pigs for July BERKSHIRE BOARS, and August delivery. 5999 Child's One-Piece Dress, L. G. JONES, TOBACCOVILLE, N. O. JERSEY BULL CALVES, .2 to 6 years. FOR IHORGaiSI COLTS DORSET BUCK LAMBS. The dress is made in one piece. It Sire of Calves, FLYING FOX, 6S4SS, and Fillies and High-Bred Fox Hound is laid in box plaits at the front and son of Flying Fox, who sold for $7,600 Puppies. Address, there is an opening cut at the center at the Cooper sale, 1902. All stock in best condition and Dr. JOHN D. MASSENGILL, back where the closing is made in- Blountville, Tenn. guaranteed as represented. visibly. There are box plaits laid in F. T. ENGLISH, CentrevlUe, Md. S

1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. Y31

the sleeve portions also but the only AT THE seams are those under the arms. The quantity of material required HYGEIA HERD for the medium size (4 years) is 2 5-8 LYNNWOOD yards, 24: 1 5-8 yards 32 or 44 inches wide with 3-8 yard contrasting mater^ OF ial 36 inches wide for the trimming. STOCK FARM The pattern 5999 is cut in sizes for children of 2, 4 and 6 years of age and HOL STEIN- will be mailed to any address by the the Percheron Can be seen among Fashion Department of this paper on mares, eleven that carry a per cent, receipt of ten cents. FRIESIAN of Brilliant blood, and five of these trace back on both sides to Brilliant (755) 1271, and a majority of these mares have won show-ring honors, Sons of as individuals,, without any consid- AN EARLY "GOOD ROAD." eration being taken of their pedi- The desire to speculate grees. a hundred "Pontiac Imported and native bred mares or more years ago was apparently as and fillies, as well as a number of great as it is to-day. An example of Calypso's If stud colts and stallions for sale. this is shown by the organization of you contemplate buying any Perch- Son" a company in 1792, to erons, do so before they go into build a turn- winter quarters, as the breeder al- pike from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Dam—Pontiac Calypso, if has had the Pa., of ways asks more he a distance 90 miles. The char- A. R. O. 28.43 lbs. excuse of preparing stables, food, ter was secured, and in ten days 2,285 etc., for winter. This is sound ad- Sire's Dam—Beryl Wayne, subscribers made application vice and especially for parties in for stock. A. R. O. 27.87 lbs. search of a stallion for the in- As this was more than the law al- creased per cent, of foals gotten by lowed, the names were placed in a We have a few very fine service a stallion that has become accli- lottery wheel and 600 were drawn; bulls left for sale mated and used to his new home by this sire, and with these subscriptions will pay the cost of winter keep- the work be- several bull calves from some of ing. gan. The road builders of that day Hygeia Herd's best females. Shorthorns and Berkshires also knew little or nothing regarding the Individuals are right; breeding is for sale. construction of highways, and the ri- right; prices are right. JOHN F. LEWIS, diculous mistakes made on this occa- Get in the line of progress. sion taught them some valuable les- Write to-day for prices Lynnwood, N. &. W. R. R., Va. and ped- sons. The land was condemned, the igrees. trees felled, and the roadbed prepared. Address: The largest stones that could be found Crozet, QROVE FARH J. B. Loomis, Supt., Albemarle Co,. were dumped upon it for a foundation, Dr. W. F. Carter, Prop. Virginia. BrooklandvUle, Maryland. and upon this colossal base earth and P. O. Lutherville, R. F. D.; Telepnone and telegraph, 42-K, Town. gravel were spread; then the work The property or was declared complete; but when the James McK. and I. B. Merryman washing rains came deep holes ap- Fine ANGUS Calves peared on every hand, sharp stones GUERNSEYS protruded from the surface, and the AT FARMERS' PRICES. The kind that win. Beaten Not horses received scratched and broken 15-16 in 1907. Shown Maryland State Fair, Several Grade Angus Bull limbs as they sank between hte bould- Allentown, Pa. t Mt. Holly, N. J., Tren- Calves ready for service. Will make ton, N. J., Richmond, Va., and Hagers- ers up to their knees. The gigantic superb bulls for grading up herds. town, Md. "When you buy get the be»t. error of the road-builder was then few pure-bred Heifers and Bull Calf Several Registered Angus Bull and A meetings dropped April 16, 1907, out of Imp. made plain. Indignation Heifer Calves. Fine individuals, whose Lady Simon, by Milford Lassie II were held, at which the turnpike com- development has been pushed since the Anchor, the Boll that win*. pany was condemned and the Legisla- day they were dropped. Our Berkshires were unbeaten ture blamed for giving the charter, wherever shown. Write far prices. All these calves will be sold at wmfycchm cm ctftaytm wamwayfwm farmers' prices. Write at once If you Had it not been for an Englishman want one of them. ROCK SPRING -FARM rebuild the turnpike on who offered to W. SI. WATKINS * SON, Offers for Sale the macadam plan, as he had seen Saxe, Charlotte County, Va. REGISTERED GUERNSEYS roads built in the "old country," improved road construction would have of the best strains; registered Dnroc and Berkshire Swine; Breeding stock received a severe blow. The English- and eggs from B. Rocks, Pekln Docks, man's proposition was accepted by the "Glenara Stock Farm" White Holland Turkeys and Guineas. company, and he was successful in H. T. HARRISON, Prop. Summer and Fall Offering Leesbnrg, "Va. completing the Lancaster and Phila- delphia turnpike road, which was then Dual purpose, Short Horn Bull declared to be "the best piece of high- Calves and Yearlings. Dorset Ram SALE fit this REDUCTION way in the United States—a master- Lambs for limited service OF fall), Poland-China Boars, gilts and piece of its kind. Pigs; prolific stock, fashionably BERKSHIRE PIGS bred. GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL. Registration papers furnished to During the month of August, I will all customers. Dams and sires of sell you a bargain in March and April all breeding offered imported to pigs not only pedigree, but quality, and Virginia from England, Canada, or individuality combined. Habana, Cuba, Feb. 13, 1908. Western United States. Farmers' E. F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Vn. prices. I am a suscriber to many publica- Address, are If yon are tions and can truly say that there JOHN BUTLER SWANN, none tht I enjoy more or receive more Marshall, Va. Raising Hogs benefits from than the Southern For profit and pleasure, buy the O. I. Planter. with least feed. D. Wm. C. Most meat Please mention Southern Planter. Good, Fnrland, Roanoke Co., Va. E. L. WINSLOW. The .

732 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [August,

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. Slaw. Hunter of Biltmore 3d A small head of cabbage cut fine. out of the Huntress and Beat one egg, a teaspoonful of sugar, (86,468) oi the Mammoth L,oyal Lee by scale, and a pinch of salt together; stir in Francesca, is a hog of great with a head that is a marvel in a teaspoonful of vinegar, a tables- shortness and beauty, wl"1™* spoonful of butter, put in a pan on and low to*£-Uw that is long, massive the fire, and let come to a boil; pour ground, with as good hams, leg*, over the cabbage, mix well, put it in any hog in the United > (/-.UfO* UA3MH«£ (Mi hUMCM* V>SiJfiC» fnd feet as good States, and the sire of as many a salad dish; ornament with celery Berkshire boar. I pigs as any living leaves, slices of ham, boiled eggs, or PURE BRED SHEEP red beet pickle. If the vinegar is very sharp dilute with water. SiiROPSHIRES, A good plain Cake. SOUTHDOWNS, DORSETS, One egg, 1 cup of white sugar, 1 HAMPSHIRES. cup of sweet milk (water may be used size an if preferred), butter the of I have Choice Ram and Ewe egg, 1 pint of flour into which has Lambs, Yearling, Two, Three and teaspoonsfuls bak- been well sifted 2 Four-yenr-old Rams of all the ing powder. "Work well together the Breeds named Hunter is ably assisted by above and all are VALARIA 88700. butter, sugar and yolk of egg until registered or eligible to registry. a boar of great length, depth and foamy, then add the milk and flour, It pays to buy Good Rams to head finish, and by and lastly the well beaten white of your herds PREMIER of Sheep and now is the EAKHART'S MODEL the egg. May be baKed in loaf or as time to order. Have sold a number one of the best sons of Baron Pre- of champion, a layer. Rams already and the early mier 3d., by the grand buyer Premier Longfellow. gets advantage of best selec- The above mentioned boars rep- tion and lowest prices. known to resent the best breeding ' DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING the student of Berkshires and mated with my famous Silver Tips and APPLIANCES. PURE BRED Storm King Sows, are producing best finds Amer- pigs worthy of a place in the Every twelvemonth the CHICKENS.DUIKS- TURKEYS herds in America. If you want a ican farmer a more independent citi- nice bred sow, service boar or young zen—each decade teaches him how to I have pigs you can get them here at rea- some bargains in White sonable prices. make his land more valuable, how to and Barred Plymouth Rocks, regu- Address, turn the forces and elements of Na- lar $2.00 birds during July $1.60 D. E. EARHART, Nokesvlllc, Va. ture to his aid, and best of all, how each or $15.00 per dozen. White to benefit by the numerous improve- Leghorns, regular $1.50 birds at $1 ments which go to make farm work each during July. Also many other easier and productive of greater re- breeds and some good Yearling BERKSHIRE PIGS. sult. Pekin Ducks at $1.25 each if un- The average farm of to-day posses- sold when order is received. Prices Entitled to Registration. ses a score of devices which were on application. MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS, unknown a few years ago; considered PUPS, ENGLISH SETTER wildly extravagant then, their import- PURE BRED HOGS Belton) (Blue ance is now conceded by all. are strictly first class. My offerings For example, the baling press Is I have some choice 2, 3, and 4 G. M. WEST, Vinita, Va. MRS. now used on thousands of American months Pigs of the following breeds. farms—North, South, East and West; Poland-Chinas, Berkshires, York- SUNNYSIDE BERKSHIRES. it has passed from an impossibility shires, Chester Whites, and Tain- to a necessity. worths. Boars in service. "Premier Duke," granted "Peerless Baling Presses built by P. K. son of Premier Longfellow; The Premier," sired by Lord Premier III., Dederick's Sons, 55 Tivoli St., Albany, Service Boars, and Bred Sows and Imported "Hightide Commons." New York, cover a broad range of of all the Breeds Also a number of sows rich in Premier purposes, and are noted for their named superior construction, great endur- blood. Prices reasonable. above. S. C. W. R. Walker, UNION, ance and consistent operation. , No pains are spared in selecting the Let me have at least a trial choicest materials, while the Deder- order and I f«>ei s\ire other orders will fol- STERLING HERD ick factory is equipped with modern low. Write to-day and address , DUROC-JERSEYS machinery and improved facilities. REG. Dederick employees, skilled in their JAMBS SI. HOBBS, respective duties, follow the construc- AND TAMWORTH SWINE tion work throughout, maintaining the 1521 Ml, Royal Ave. Baltimore, Md. rigid care which has always made Boars ready for service. Dnroc Dederick Presses so close a second Va- H. W. WATSON. Petersburg. to perfection. The catalogue issued by this firm, CHESTER WHITES. which is mailed free to any address be "The best hog on earth." Shall on application, illustrates the many your orders for spring nipn«?ed to fill styles and sizes of Dederick Presses, Pi|s My stock is A-No. 1. Satisfac- guaranteed. showing how they may be adapted to tion Rnstbnrg, Va. S. M. Wlsecnrver, every branch of the baling industry. This catalogue will interest anyone advertiser where you saw Tell the who is considering the purchase of his advertisement. such a machine. »

1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 733

FOR SALE—NICE PAIR MATCHED NEW YORK STATE FARMS FOR roan mares, 61 inches, 4 and 5 years. Sale. One acre to 650 acres. $500 to Kind and gentle. 2 gentle ponies for $16,000. Send for circulars. Hall's children. Jno. M. Cunningham, Bran- Farm Agency, Owego, N. Y. dy Station, Va. ant Ads. v CHEAP LAND WHERE INVALIDS DUROC-JERSEYS, MOST PROLIFIC get well without medicine and raise Hog bred. Virginia Dare 34800, far- $200 in fruit per acre. Eden Fruit Kates 2 cents per word. Cash with rowed 47 pigs in one year, 88 in six Colony Company, Dewberry, Harnett *rdor. Initials and figures count as litters. I have now some as pretty as County, N. C. on* word; 2E cents minimum chars*. you ever saw from this noted breeder with pedigree to register. Clarence POULTRY, ETC. FOR SALE—FINEST KEPT COUNTRY Shenk, Luray, Va. Store in Va. Established 12 years. Good business. Stock $4,000. Address SALMON PAVEROLLES, THE LEAD- FOR SALE—Registered Jerseys;—FINE "Extra," care Southern Planter. ing utility fowl, 13 eggs $4., Silver young bull, two heifers and two Spangled Hamburgs, Partridge Wy- calves. Also registered Yorkshire SELL YOUR FARM DIRECT TO andottes, Silver-laced Wyandottes, Swine. Riverside Park, Morganton, Golden Seabright Bantams, White buyer. Write J. H. Bonnell, James- N. C. town, N. Y. Rocks, Cornish, Indian Games, White — ' — ' Pekin ducks, White Guineas, Pearl BEFORE BUYING YOUR BERK- POSITIONS HELP. Guineas, 13 eggs $1. Buff Bronze shire Pigs write me for my prices — turkeys, 11 eggs $2. Guineas and and breeding. It will pay you. Dr. BY EXPERIENCED Hamburgs (or sale; Hamburgs $2, Charles G. Cannady, Roanoke, Va. WANTED— AN male or female, trio $5. Guineas, pair young married man, place as working of stock farm. $1.50 to $3. Circular 15 varieties. A. COTSWOLD manager a Am PURE-BRED YEARLING well up on the breeding, handling E. Parsons, Berkshire, N. Y. rams of large size and 20-Ib. fleeces and fitting for show ring. Have had also ewes to be bred to imported 8 years' experience at dairying and FOR SALE— S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS, ram. E. C. Legge, Kent Island, Md. cocks and hens, cockerels and pullets, several years with beef cattle. .Have from "Braces" prizewinning strain, BERK- been very successful at breeding and FOR SALE—REGISTERED in the show ring with Berkshire at Madison Square show at New shire boar ready for service. Farm- York, also hogs. Am well up on the growing Richmond Poultry Show. ers' price. J. W. Adams, Addison, Va. None better on earth. Get some of grain, grasses, clover and root crops. Have had ten years' exper- good males and improve your flock. SHROPSHIRES BY DAVISON'S 1825. Prices reasonable. Address Ever- ience with ensilage making. Want a Shearling Rams, $10 to $12; Ram good, permanent place. Address W. green Farms, Rice Depot, Va. to each. Edward Ray, Lambs, $8 $10 L. care Southern Planter. BARGAIN SALE—SEVERAL HUN- Danville, Va. v dred WANTED—POSITION AS SUPERIN- yearling hens. White, Brown, TO SELL, AFTER JUNE 1, 1908, SO and Buff Leghorns. Black Minorcas, good breeding Ewes and one Shrop- tendent on stock farm. Experienced in general farming. Have paid spec- White and Barred Rocks, R. I. Reds, shire Buck. J. Spears, Nellwood, A ial attention Columbian and Buff Wyandottes, Va. to the tillage of grass Clarence Shenk, Luray, Va. lands and fodder crops. Practical YORKSHIRE HOGS AND HAMPSHIRE knowledge of horse breeding and veterinary work. Care of mares, FOR SALE—100 S. C. BUFF ORPING- sheep of the best breeding at farm- foals and stallions, the conditioning ton cockerels from York, Hagerstown ers' prices. W. E. Stickley, Strasburg, Washington prize winners. My birds Va. of show and sale stock. Highest ref- win everywhere shown. Satisfaction erences. A. W. care Southern Planter. guaranteed. A. F. Streett, Forest PURE BRED SHROPSHIRE BUCK Hill, Maryland. for sale or will exchange for ewes. WANTED— WORKING FOREMAN, married, for my poultry and fruit E. L. Bailey, Ashland, Va. FOR SALE— S. C. Rhode Island Reds. farm. A fifteen acre farm adjoining That are red to the meat. Best all mine, fronting on James River. around fowl on FOR SALE—A FEW CHOICE PURE Seven room house, barn, chicken earth. Cocks are bred Berkshires, four months old. good to cross houses, bearing fruit trees, etc., on any breed. Have Dr. M. A. Crockett, Bedford City, Va. both fancy breed and utility stock. given rent free besides salary. State salary desired and experience. Prices in reach of all. Address Ever- CHOICE BERKSHIRE PIGS, MATED, H. H. gree_n Farms, Rice Depot, Va. Bailey, 321-54th St., Newport News, not akin, $5 each. C. S. Townley, Va. WHITE WYANDOTTES—PRIZE WIN- Red Hill, Va. ners and splendid egg producers. POSITION WANTED ON STOCK FARM Summer cut price egg sale now on at REAL ESTATE. A young man 27 years of age, who 20 for $1.00. Sunnyside, Jonesville, Va. was employed on stock farm for 6 FOR SALE— FARM OF ABOUT 40 years likes to get a position on a WANTED — BUYER FOR THIS* acres near Crozet, Va. Land adapted stock farm in Virginia as working Spring s White Rock Chicks. Best to Peach and Berry growing. These foreman. Please address V. W., care way to buy stock. Can spare 200. C. crops bringing highest market prices Southern Planter. M. Walker, Herndon, Va. from this section. Suitable place for party of moderate means. Six room WANTED — MARRIED WORKING WANTED—TO BUY 100 BUFF LEG- dwelling barn and other outbuild- foreman on small stock farm in horn pullets, 3 to 4 months old. J. N. ings. Young orchard also. F. C. Lou- Southside Virginia. Pure bred cattle Hamilton, Bel Alton Md. hoff, Yancey, Mills Va. and horses, corn and grass raised. Address B. S., care Southern Planter, PURE-BRED SILVER SPANGLED FOR SALE—100 ACRE FARM, WELL stating age, experience, nationality, Hamburg cockerels for sale $1 each. fenced, good land for tobacco grow- and size of family. A. G. Hudson, Mitchells, Va. ing. 40 acres cleared, balance in timber worth $1,000. Also Saw Mill WANTED—MAN WITH FAMILY TO dairy farm. BUFF ORPINGTON, B. P. ROCKS AND as with 10 H. P. boiler and work on Must have one good new or children Silver Laced Wyandotte eggs. $1 for eneine 500 feet of pipes, tank and two old enough and that understand milking. Will pay good 15. Mrs. W. M. Jones, Crofton, Va. nuirni. Price $1,800. Address Box 5, Wattsboro, Va. wages and furnish house with gar- LIVE STOCK. den, fire wood, etc. Address "Albe- SMALL AND LARGE TRUCK FARMS marle," care Planter. DON'T READ THIS—UNLESS YOU for sale, onick and productive soil: want a registered Duroc Jersey pig climate eaiiitable. vegetables grow- WANTED—BY A SOBER AND PRAC- tical position at half price. I am selling Duroc iuff and shinning summer and win- man, as manager or pigs 4 months old, have them reg- tor. Write for particulars. S. A. foreman on stock or dairy farm. References exchanged. 618 Highmar- istered and transferred to you for "Woodward Sr, Oo.. Real Estate only $10 each. Now is your chance Agents, Norfolk. Va. ket St., Georgetown, S. C. to get a first class registered pig. \ ____ L. G. Blankenship, Box 202, Roanoke, FOR RADCT—A GOOD FARM OF 75 WANTED—A RELIABLE MAN WITH Va. acres with nice orchard. sroo

In Carloads and Small Lots. To Buyers of Live Stock: We solicit correspondence from those wishing to buy Stock Cattle, Feeding Steers, Breed- ing Ewes, Feeding Wethers and Lambs; in fact, if you wish any kind of Cattle, Sheep or Hogs, we will sell them to you at lowest market prices. Pure-Bred HAMPSHIRE RAMS ready for delivery. OFFSCE AND PENS: UNION STOCK VAROS, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, 'PHONES: OFFICE 1399; RESIDENCE 3229; P. O. BOX. 483

proper time to turn our hogs on black peas—when the pods are all ripe or when the first pods are turning yellow? Some say one way and enburn Berkshires. some the other. Also the best time to put hogs on soy beans. I have a Lord Premier and Premier Longfellow are dead, but we have their beat low, flat, wet piece of land on which sons. Our LORD PREHQBR III. Is not only a son ef Lord Premier, but if a I wish to sow something for hogs to litter mate te Lord Premier II. and a brother in blood to Lord Premier's Rlrai, graze next spring. Can't sow anything Oar PREDOMINANT and DOMINANT are probably the best sons of Premie/ Longfellow. IMF. LOYAL HUNTER is a great individual. We hare LertS on it before the first of November as Premier, Premier Longfellew, Masterpiece, Charmer's Duke XXIII., and fla« at present have another crop on it. imported aowa. . _^_, »u*4& Tell me what would be best sown at FORFARSHIRE GOLDEN LAD JERSEY? that time and oblige. A SUBSCRIBER. Write for Catalogue. Sussex Co., Va.

Dr. J. D. , Roanoke, Va, Turn the hogs on to the peas when the first pods are turning yellow and on to the soy beans when the first EAT BERKSHIRE OFFERING. pods are beginning to harden. The Scores upon scores of Fancy Dandy only crop you can sow at the time Berkshire Spring Pigs now about ready named will be a mixture of hairy or for shipment. Price and safeguards for customers are made perfectly sat- winter vetch and wheat oats and rye isfactory. and it is late for this crop but it may My experience with pigs reaches make a pasture. Sow 20 pounds of b xkwarC forty-one years. I give all my time and attention to the business. and a bushel of the the vetch seed I realize the policy, aside from prin- mixed grain per acre.—Ed. ciple, of having satisfied customers. If you want fancy breeding, accompanied WEEVIL. with individual merit at popular prices, write me, as I have some of the Will you kindly inform me how to blood of all the Grandees. keep weevil out of grain. THOS S. WHITE A Lexington, Va. J. C. ANDERSON. A,5 KSSSSV S, Pittsylvania Co., Va. Buy some genuine Pekln Duck Eggs from me at $1 for 12 and thereby get on the road to fortune.

After the grain is threshed out put it in a tight bin or well closed granary and use carbon bisulphide 1 to IF YOU WANT THE BEST HOG 3 pounds to 100' bushels of grain upon Buy from those who gl» t their sole attention to the production of the greatest Berkshire Type. it. The carbon bisulphide is a liquid WE DO.— very explosive and therefore no light Oar herd comprises the most splendid limes of breeding and Individual* must come near it when using. Pour that money can buy or experience develop In American and English Bred the liquid into shallow saucers or Berkshire*. vessels and place these on the top of "LORD PREMIER OF THE BLUE RIDGE," 103555, the greatest Urlmg boar, heads our herd. If you are Interested write. the grain and close up the bin or THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, ASHEVILLE, N. C. granary tightly so as to keep in the fumes which will arise from the evaporation of the liquid. These fumes will sink down into the grain Berhshires and Jerseys and kill every weevil or other living thing in it. Keep closed up for 24 or FOR SALE. REGISTERED SOW WITH EIGHT PIGS. NICE BOARS AND 36 hours and then ventilate freely and SOWS FIVE MONTHS OLD. REGISTERED JERSEY BULL, ALSO all odor from the liquid will pass off. COWS FRESH AND DRY, TO FRESH DURING FALL AND This should be repeated two or three WINTER times during the winter to kill any RIVER VIEW FARM, C. M. BASS, PROPRIETOR, and Western Railway. Rice Depot, Va. weevils which may hatch out after Norfolk the first application. When using the When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOUTHEKK PLANTER. 737 Ft. Lewis Stock Farm THE BEST PLACE FOR BLOOD AND REGISTERED BERKSHIRES White Leghorn, all breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black Minorca and Rhode I/jland Red Fowl*. Egga from the»e pure-blooded birds for sale. DR. W. L. NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM, VA. carbon bisulphide, don't breathe any more of it than you can help as it is deadly in its effects.—Ed. JERSEY CATTLE.

MAINTENANCE OF FERTILITY. Hlgu-bred Cows Fresh to Pall. Will you kindly tell me what will Heifers Bred to Calves In Spring. be the condition of my farm at the Bulls—All Ages—A Few Ready for Service. end of five years, farming it in the way that I do? I have two lots of BERKSHIRES. 3 acres each, and one lot of two acres All Ages and of Excellent Breeding. Get my prices before placing your order. I use as a truck patch. I feed all the EVERGREEN FAR3IS, W. B. Gates, Proprietor, RICE DEPOT, VA. grain and hay made upon the two 3 acre plots using 50 loads of oak and pine leaves as bedding for the stock. BERKSHIRES The manure is kept under cover and put upon the truck patch—one application in the spring and one in the FOUR EXTRA FINE BOARS READY fall. I manage to keep a crop growing FOR SERVICE. EXTRA LOT OF all the year round on it. Now as re- YOUNG BOARS AND SOWS, READY gards the two 3-acre plots. On lot No. FOR SHIPMENT. IF NOT SOLD SOON 1 I planted it last year when I bought THE YOUNGER BOARS WILL BE this place with corn with one bu. cow CASTRATED FOR PORK. peas between the rows. After gathering the corn I plowed all the corn stalks, pea vines, etc., under with a MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM COMPANY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA, two-horse plow as deep as I could run it then sowed winter vetch and oats, followed this spring by cow peas for hay. This fall to be put in rye followed BERKSHIRES. by corn next spring, and so on with the same rotation. We offer BRED sows, GILTS and pigs of best Western blood at prices On lot No. 2 I started with cow consistent with the hog market. peas as a hay crop, put in corn and peas this spring and will follow the PHIL, H. GOLD, - - - Winchester, Va. same rotation as with lot No. 1. At the planting of the corn I put 200 lbs. of acid phosphate and 100 lbs. kainit salt per acre. Safe of Registered Stock. Will the land improve or go back? I see no way in which I can change the rotation as I need the feed from I will offer for sale, at nay farm, commencing at 10 o'clock the six acres. The land is a sandy loam, well drained, and this year I have the best looking crops in the August 20th, 1908 neighborhood. Perfect stands and of an elegant color and everything per- All of my Stock, consisting of about 80 head of finely-bred registered fectly cleaned up, hardly a weed upon the 8 acres. JERSEYS, HOLSTEINS, BERKSHIRES. WESLEY. Horry Co., S. C. At the head of the Jerseys, Is FORFARSHIRE'S GRAND DUKE, one of the greatest sons of Forfarshire. You will need to use more mineral NANSENA DE KOL, a magnificent individual, is at the head of the Hol- plant food upon the two 3-acre plots steins. JERSEYS HOLSTEINS. to maintain fertility than the 200 lbs. 40 GRADE AND of acid phosphate and 100 lbs. of My Berkshires are finely bred and are headed by Mons. of V. P. L, and High- kainit. All the crops you grow on tide Premier. this land are great consumers of Such an opportunity to purchase first-class stock, is seldom offered. phosphoric acid and potash and this Mail bids will be given careful attention. If not able to attend the sale, 300' lbs. will not supply their needs write fully your wants. have privilege of four and keep up the fertility of the land. TERMS CASH: Parties purchasing in quantities may credit by giving note satisfactory to bank. The peas and vetch will supply the months' nitrogen needed. You should help RALEIGH COURT STOCK FARM, C. G. CANNADY, Owner. these two crops, peas and vetch, with Box 118, Roanoke, Va. 100 lbs of acid phosphate and 50 lbs. of muriate of Mill Road. potash per acre (use Farm V2 mile from city limits on Garst r 38 THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK. [August, ROSE DALE HERD ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE W« offer to the farmers and breeders ef the East strictly choice Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. Many ml them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Mas- ter H. of Meadow Brook; Gay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskle IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, Coquette X., Etc. They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. Come and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. *f« can please you. Angus Cattle are our specialty. We raise n* other stock, but give them our undivided personal attention. To avoid inbreeding we offer an exceptionally good herd bull. Write for particulars. Address ROSE DALE STOCK FARMS, JEFFERSONTON, VA.

the muriate of potash instead ol kainit to supply the potash, it will OTHER HERDS COME AND GO BUT THE OLD ESTABLISHED give you better results and cost no more. (100 lbs. of kainit gives you onr* SUNNY HOME HERD 12 lbs. of potash while 50 lbs. of muriate of potash gives you 25 lbs. of potash). The truck lot will probably OF keep up its fertility with the manure applied but this also would maintain ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE its fertility better and give better results if you used 40 lbs. of acid phos- Continues steadily along furnishing cattle of the better class and choicest phate with each ton of manure ap- breeding at the very lowest prices consistent with high quality. Two better plied. —Ed. bred bulls than "Baron Roseboy" 57666, and "Jester," 600J1, are not owned in the South, and the females of the herd were sired by some of the most fa- SEEDING TO GRASS. mous bulls of the breed. Young calves only for sale. D., Byrdville, Va. I have a field of fifteen or more A. L. FRENCH, Owner, R. P. acres that was in corn last year, and Station, Draper, N. C. at the farm. this summer am using it as a pasture, so a very heavy vegetation has come on it now, and I want to sow it down Bmmptosv Stock Farm* in grass this fall. Please advise me which is the best way to get it in grass. As some portions of the land Several two year old Jersey heifers, calves by side, of superior quality. are rather thin kind of what grass do Two year old Jersey bull and a yearling Jersey Bull—all of Golden Lad you think is the best to sow. Wouldn't strain. herdsgrass by itself do or to mix it Also a fine lot of high grade Guernsey and Jersey heifers, one and two with something else? year old. These heifers are from first- class cows and will make superior A SUBSCRIBER. dairy cows. Louisa Co., Va. Berkshire Pigs not akin. Collie and Fox Terrier puppies—all of above ready for shipment. Come and see them. If you will refer to page 523 of the June issue you will there find an article by Mr. T. O. Sandy describing M. B. CO, Fredericksburg, his method of seeding to grass and ROWE & Va. from which he secures very heavy crops. In this month's issue you will find in the article on Work for the month our own advice on the subject. FOR SALE! Read these two articles and follow them and you will succeed if your land is only made rich enough. Grass SIX BERKSHIRE GILTS. never succeeds on poor land.—Ed. FINE INDIVIDUALS. HORSES NOT SWEATING WHEN AT WORK. TWO BOARS. We have had a number of enquiries as to the course to be followed when horses or mules will not sweat when at work in the hot weather. As a con- pu v , lXE' sequence of not sweating the animals Forest Home Farm, ^afN I A soon become incapable of working and we have had several reports of —

1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 739 ORVEN PARK

The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS. IUq.

Registered Dorset Horn Sheep.

Dorset Horns are one of the oldest and most valuable English breeds. Unrivalled for fecundity > early maturing and the production of early lambs. They are adapted to all climates and possess hardiness of constitution so essential to the improvement of the grade flocks of this country. In their pure state they are the producers of the early lamb—the most profitable phase «f sheep raising. For crossing purposes they have no equal, and even on grade ewes the result is marked in the streng, vigorous and easily fattened lamb and the earlier season the lambs will wean. Dorsets are the best feeders, heaviest milkers, carry a heavy fleece of compact wool and produce mutton of the highest quality. The MORVEN PARK FLOCK of Ewes was founded on selected Ewes from the choicest of the English flocks. They are remarkable for their even and family likeness, their great size and substance, their hardiness and robust constitutions. They are very prolific—each season dropping a high percentage of twins and triplets are not uncommon. Their milking qualities are unsurpassed. The Service Rams are chiefly Imported English Royal Winners, and some have been shown in America—in each case taking all the firsts. At the Virginia State Fair, 1907, the flock won two championships, two reserve championships, eight firsts and seven seconds. | We are now booking orders for fall born Ram Lambs for June delivery. They are a grand lot full of quality and true type with grand substance and bone. They are not forced, but kept growing

to be fit for service this season and will weigh from 110 to 130 pounds, averaging 120 pounds at six months.

ALSO BREEDERS OF Improved Large White Yorkshire Swine AND Registered Guernsey Cattle.

ADDRESS LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, MORVEN PARK, LEESBURG, LOUDOUN CO., VA, -to THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. [August,

EWES

I beg to announce that on and after July 1st I shall have, until late fall. Good, Strong Breeding Ewes from two to four years old, and can furnish them in small numbers or car lots. Write for prices. Information cheerfully given y ,,. j &m I handle all kinds of Live Stock on Commission, and give best of satisfaction. If you have Cattle, Sheep, Lambs, Calves or Hogs for sale write me. I give accurate information. "Weekly quotations furnished free for the asking.

ROBERT C. BRAUER, Live Stock Commission Salesman, RICHMOND, VA. Address: P. O. Box 204. Office and Pens, Union Stock Yards.

death. We referred this matter to Dr. Spencer of the Experiment Sta- tion. He says the trouble is generally- due to the animals being out of condition and probably suffering from in- ani- digestion. He advises that an One extra good yearling Southdown buck and a limited number of South- mal in this condition should be worked down Ram Lambs. No more Shropshires or Berkshires for sale this season. very easily and be treated to re- store a better condition of the diges- H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS. tive organs. Bran and oats should be Shadwell, Va. fed. A purgative be given of raw linseed oil followed by tonics such as "Hunter's HaZl." equal parts of sulphate of iron, gentian and nux vomica, also an ounce Silver Spring Farm of Fowler's solution of arsenic once a for a couple of weeks.—Ed. day istered Shropshire Ram Lambs POLL EVIL. L. Wardwell's Please give the cure for poll evil For sale from Ewes of Mr. H. breeding. They are as well bred as any in tbii in the Southern Planter. country. C. S. MILLER, Williamson Co. Tenn. Although my sale is over, there are some Shorthorns on the farm for sale. Both sexes. Poll evil is simply a fistula on the Some very fine Cows at fair prices. should be treated top of the head and ROBERT R. SMITH, Proprietor, like other fistula. If taken in time Charles Town, W. Va., or Wickllffe, Va. when first forming it may often be aborted and stopped by general and local treatment. A physic should be DUROC JERSeYS-POLLBD DURHAffiS- given and the horse receive 1 oz. of saltpeter three times a day in his SH0RTM0RNS-5HR0PSHIRES. high water or food. If the fever runs DTJROCS are the most prolific hogs on earth. The smallest litter far- 20 drop doses of tincture of aconite rowed last spring was ten, the largest litter fifteen, the average 11 8-10 pigs and will every two hours may be administered. to the litter for our entire herd. The Duroc fattens at any age, as many pounds of pork for a given amount of feed as any hog on muriate of ammonia make Cooling lotions, earth. We have the largest herd in the East—Ohio Chief, Orion, Beat Him or saltpeter and water, sedative If You Can, Top-Notcher, Comodore and Colonel blood. Pigs from eight to for sale, two washes as tincture of opium and aeon* twenty-four weeks old, service boars, gilts, and sows in pig, — hundred in all. liniment or camphor- . . .. , „ ,. , j ^ *»v. ite chloroform Polled Durham and Shorthorn cows and heifers and Scotch and bcotch ated oil are also to be frequently ap- topped bulls for sale at low prices. Shropshires for sale. plied. Where however the fistula is A few extra good registered well established and the formation of LESLIE D. KLINE, Vancluse, Va. pus or matter has begun this must be hurried on as much as possible by hot fomentations and poultices of bran wall of the ab- Herefords and flaxseed meal. The side scess should then be opened at the OWNED BY 8. W. ANDERSON, BLAKER MILLS, lowest point so that the pus can ecape GREENBRIER COUNTY, W. VA. as fast as it is formed and thus avoid choice lot of Bulla, Cowa ead Heifer* for aale; »•»% formation of pockets of sinuses A the Nattmtf When the pus cannot escape it will a few Polled Hereford Bulli, recorded in tlie form these pockets between the mus- Polled Hereford Record. this has occurred then cles and after Write for Catalogue and Prices. recourse is the use usually the only ALDERSON, W. VA. of caustics to cause sloughing and the FARM NEAR use of the knife to open these pock- Telephone and Telegraph, AtderMn. ets and let out the pus. As a caustic Southern Planter. solution granular chloride of zinc is When corresponding with our advertisers always mention 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 741

Incorporated 1007. "STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE." Capital Stock 9100,000. the vmwNm smm farm co. Incorporated.

Eelievue f Eedford County;, Virginia.

J. ELLIOTT HALL, General Manager. \

Copyright 190S SHORT HORN COW. By Drawing by John W. Hills. The Virginia Stock Farm Co., Inc. Standard Type of the Fanner's Cow.

THE VIRGINIA STOCK FARM COMPANY, Inc.,

Is an organization founded for the purpose of improving the live stock of the State of "Virginia and assisting the farmers in developing her agricultural industries. ARE YOU A FARMER? A STOCKMAN?

Or are you interested in any way in seeing Virginia become one of the Greatest agricultural States in the Union. If so, it is to your interest to learn all the particulars concerning this organization and to support it in any possible manner. Its objects and purposes are clearly set forth in the "INAUGURAL ANNOUNCEMENT"

A copy of which will be mailed you upon reqaest. The issue is limited, better write to-day. A Postal (-ard will bring it. Kindly mention the Southern Planter when writing. Address the Companv as above or the General Manager. DO IT NOW!

J. ELLIOTT HALL, BELLEVUE, VIRGINIA. 742 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER [August,

probably the best, 1 oz. to a pint of water, and this solution must be in- MOUND CITY STOCK FARM jected into every diseased part three times for one week after which a weaker solution should be used occasionally until all formation of pus SHires, Percherons, Belgians, ceases.—Ed. Coach and IMPROVING LAND FOR WHEAT. Hachney Stallions. Will you please tell me what you think my land needs. I have 25 acres in one field that is clay land but is I will sell at my barn good land which should bring 50 to cheaper than any other firm 60 bushels of corn per acre without yngri In America. The reason I can sell cheaper is because my fertilizer of any kind as I have raised father lives in England, and in the past 45 bushels per acre and the he can buy them for me and land is much richer now than then, save all middlemen's prflts. but I am unable to get more than' 12 There is no place i nAmerica that you can make a better or 15 bushels of wheat per acre with selection than at my place, the use of 400 lbs. of fertilizer per for I handle five different very large corn, it is in corn this breeds. My draft stallions acre. I am under the impressi'on that weigh from 1700 to 2200 lbs; my high-stepping land Hackneys this needs lime. What do you and Coaches weigh from 1200 think of it? And do you think it will to 1400 lbs. If you are in need pay me to use lime that will cost of a good stallion In your community, write tell $4.35 per ton delivered here. I also and me your wants, and I will try have a piece of bottom land that grows and place one there. I will year. Do you think it would pay to give you plenty of time to lime this for wheat this fall. This pay for the horse. Every ground is full of humus. horse is backed up with an iron clad guarantee, and all of them are good enough to win in any company. If I used lime how should it be ap- Correspondence solicited, and visitors welcome. If a good stallion is wanted plied, i. e.: how should I spread it and in your community please write me. what would it cost to lime land count- ing labor, and cost of lime $4.35 per ton. W, B. BULLOCK, Proprietor, Moundsville, W. Va. HENRY B. PETERS. Bath Co., Va. THE MOLtmS HERD We are of the opinion that your —OF— land needs lime to improve its physical and mechanical condition and to HIGH-GLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESMNS. release the unavailable potash naturally in the soil. In our own exper- A working herd—working every day in the year. During April we ience in growing wheat we have al- milked * ways found lime to be of great ad- Five mature cows. vantage. It will pay you to use it at Eight heifers with second calf. the price you name and the whole Six heifers with first calf. cost of applying one ton to the acre, (Six out of the nimeteen are due to freshen before the 15th of July.) which is the quantity we advise, would Total number milked 19 not be more than $5.00. The lime •Total number of gallons per day 80 should be set on th land in lumps as Per cent, of butter fat 4.2 it comes from the kiln of about half BULL CALVES FROM 2 TO 8 MONThjS OLD FOR SALE. a bushel each be then slaked with a JOS. A. TURNER, General Haaaa-et bucket of water or a little less to each Holllna Institute, Holllaa, Ta. heap and let lay for an hour or two *During May the same herd milked 81 gallons per day. until it has all fallen to powder and then be spread with a shovel. Both in Maryland and Pennsylvania the THE GROVE FARM. plan has been adopted with great advantage and several subscribers have written that they can well afford to HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS. apply lime at a cost of $5.00 per ton. Four registered Bull Calves from 2 We have induced hundreds of farmers to 3 months old out of heavy milkers, in Virginia to use lime during the for sale. Let me price you one. past few years and we have never yet met with any one who has used it who has not found help from it. It Registered may be also that your land needs more phosphoric acid to help the wheat crop and possibly some nitrogen as well. Berkshires. Bone meal usually tells well on the NJ<* »*, Future delivery orders only, taken wheat crop as it supplies both phos- at present. phoric acid and nitrogen. In this is- , T. O. SANDY, B URKEVILLE, VA. sue you will find an article by Mr. N. & W. and Southern Railways. Hicks in which he deals with ithe question of a proper fertilizer for the wheat crop. Read this.—Ed. When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 743

AAAAAAt.A.>*.^. A*^A^^*.^. ~. A- A — ^, if- fhrth -n r rti p7 yldewood Farm Jerseys

Herd! numbers 300, including some of the finest the island has produced, headed by the great sire Stockwell, whose abbreviated pedigree is given below, '1 ......

,j Imported St&ckweSi, 75264.

Golden Fern's Lad, P. 2160 H. C. { Flying Fox, 61441. Sire Sultan's Rosette, 149740. Oxford Lad. P. 3123 H. C. <

Count Wellesley, P. 928 H. C. [Oxford Lass, P. 3582, H. C. Oxford Primrose, P. 2252 C. Stockwe!

Boyle, P. 1559 H. C. (-Golden Fern's Lad, P. 2160 H. C. Golden Fern, P. 4711 H. C. Dam i Golden Leda, P. 3000 H. C. i ( Golden Pearl, P. 1975 H. C. Leda, P. 6636 H. C.

I Eminence. F. 7124 H. C. t

>•

i For Particulars of Offerings, General Information, etc., Address '

Wyldewood Farms, Fredericksburg, Va< !

******* * n-*** A -*-*''- w *-fc -*- -" A 1 t^t^Aa«hJte i^irtufcAdfc2333X55332: fciihrtr rft r t ft-iti*h-*-*-*- m -ft- AA ^'^^-'^^^'^rfr^V^ '^ .

744 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. [August CANADA PEAS AND OATS—SICK HOGS. QUALITY Will you please give reason for POLAND-CHINAS Canada pas turning .yellow and drying The large, mellow kind up after reaching a height of 6 up —NOT tin coarse and rough to 12 inches, which were sown last type. They must bi good with such .a week in February, one bushel peas and herd header ai BLACK PERFECTION, a son of th* one and one half bushel oats per acre. old king of Poland-Chinas, Chief Per- 2. Would like to know why hogs "w.w "i fection II. A few CHOICE PIGS am should become weak, stagger and fall A when starting to walk after grazing BRED SOWS for sale. (22 head since May 15th on 3 acres) J H. B. BUSH & BRO., rape and getting one feed of corn per Michaux, Powhatan Country, Va. day and looking thrifty. L. A. ARMSTRONG. Pasquotauk Co., N. C. POLAND-CHINAS AN 1. Canada peas cannot stand hot A nice lot of pigs, 6 to 8 weeks old weather. As soon t,s the weather beat $5. comes warm mildew starts in them and they wither away. The crop should in the South always be cut at the lat- THS est in May by which time if sown in 3 months old, $7.50; Bred sows, $15 February it usually on good land to $25. makes a good heavy hay crop. 2. It is difficult for us to form any J. C. GRAVES, certain conclusion as to the trouble Barboursville, Orange Co., Va. from which your hogs suffer. Usually on rape hogs keep in good health and EXCELLENT improve rapidly, especially if fed a BULLS. small ration SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND of corn. Rape is a main- By the Scotch topped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by the old reliable breeder*, tenance ration even for a brood sow P. S. Lewis & Son, as the best Bull ever bred on their farm) by the Inter- but to get both growth and weight national winner, Frantic Lad, son cf The Lad For Me, champion of America some corn in 1900. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows. should be fed with all Pure Yearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senator, a prize winner In Canada grazing crops unless they have got to as a lamb and a yearling. He wes bred by Hon. George Drummond, the that period of growth when if seed foremost Southdown breeder In America. bearing crops like cowpeas and soy R. J. HANCOCK & SOS". "Ellerslie," Charlottesville, Va. beans they are perfecting their seed when the grain supplied by the plants RED POLLED DURHAM CALVES. will be sufficient. It is probable that I have for sale about ten Polled Durham calves, all nice grade stock, some worms are at the bottom of your trou- heifers, some bulls, will crate and deliver them at express office at from $15 ble. We would give them some tur- to $25 each, according to quality. "Will be ready to ship in August. pentine in slop once or twice a week, I also have for sale one two year old Southdown ram at a bargain. One male and one female BLOODHOUND puppy, thoroughbred and ready say a tablespoonful for each hog. It for training, at a bargain. may be that have eaten some poison- THOS. TOMLINSON, Owner, "Tate Spring" Box li, Tate Springs, Tenn. ous weeds which have grown up in the Reference, Dun or Bradstreets. rape. The tonic which we advised in our May issue page 496, is a mose excellent preventative of disease in hogs THE INDUSTRIOUS HEN and should be kept on hand by all hog raisers and be given as there directed. KNOXVILLE; TENN. We have had many testimonials as to Circulation lO.OOO. lOc. a line. its efficiency in keeping the hogs healthy and doing well.—Ed. Leading FARM and POULTRY Journal. A STUMBLING HORSE. LAYS ALL OVER THE SOUTH.

I have a two year old Wilkes colt and he stumbles some. Is there any way to break him of stumbling? If so, how? He is also a little tender footed. Would you shoe him 0. M. FARRAR, Putnam Co., W. Va.

It is more than likely that the stumbling is caused by some weakness of some of the muscles of the foot or leg incidental to a young growing horse and that as he acquires strength tne trouble will cease. If he has tender feet it might be well to have him shod with light shoes especially if he is used at all on the road but we do not advise shoeing horses running in the pasture as the shoe interferes with the natural growth of the foot When corresponding witti our advertisers always mention Sou"i 1908.] THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 745

and to do no harm requires almost constant change. We do not know of Cheap Farms Near Herndon. in anything that can be done to prevent the stumbling.—Ed. 142 Acres 3 miles from station, nice location, near pike and on 2 good ihi SUMAC, SWEET POTATOES—GRAIN roads, stream through place, 8-room house in good condition, with lawn and FEED ON PASTUURE. fine shade, good barn and outbuildings, 8 miles from electric line. This farm 0( has been somewhat neglected, but with propr treatment would make one of the best farms in the neighborhood. 1. Will you tell me what portion of Price $5,500. 57 acres, 3 miles from station, on macadamized road, near village, where the sumac is bush gathered for com- there is church, school, store, etc., good house of seven rooms, barn and mercial use, how and when to gather outbuildings, fine fruit, shade, well fenced. This is a good truck and poul- and prepare same for market. try farm, in a desirable neighborhood. Price $4,000. 99 acres, 2 miles from railroad, in high state of cultivation, 2. In storing sweet potatoes for win- a comfortable house of 5 rooms, fine stream and well, barn that cost $1,000, good outbuild- ter how can you tell when they have ings. Price $5,500. gone through the sweat as necessary 233 acres 1V2 miles from railroad, 165 acres cleared, 2 wells, cistern and before putting away. stream, 12-room house in good condition, nice shade, barn and necessary out- 3.What grain feed should be given buildings. Price $5,575 if sold soon. A very cheap place. to dairy cows running on good broom 75 acres, 3 miles from railroad, 3 acres in timber, 30 acres in clover and timothy, 13 in oats, 17 in corn, a large stream, springs in all the fields, cage straw and clover Japan pasture? woven wire fencing, with cedar and locust posts. First-class house of 15 B rooms, with large bath-room, fruit and shade trees, orchard of 4 acres, good Henry Co., Va. barn, 28x50 cowbarn adjoining, all necessary outbuildings, running water at barn, water piped to house from spring 85 feet away. A fine place, must be seen to be appreciated. Make us an offer on this place. 1. The leaves of the sumac bush are 93 Acres, 1% miles from station, 18 acres in oak timber, rest mostly in the portion desired by the tanners. grass, heavy clay soil, in good state of cultivation, good 9-room house, well They should be gathered when fully at door, pretty barn, plenty of shade, first-class barn with basement for 25 matured but before they begin to die head of cattle, all kinds of fruit, outbuildings. This is an ideal home and an and be dried in the sun thoroughly. excellent investment. Price $8,000, $2,000 down, balance to suit. 100-acre Dairy Farm on railroad, near station and sidetrack; 8-room house, 2 . When sweet potatoes or Irish po- large cellar. Barn 30x80 feet, with basement stable for 33 cattle and 8 tatoes (and the same is true of ap- horses. Dairy and other necessary outbuildings, all in good condition. Fine ples) are put up in piles or kilns af- water at house and barn. Productive land, well fenced, $6,500. ter being dug they naturally develop 227 acres, 5 miles from rail over macadamized road; mostly white oak, hickory, and some valuable red cedar. Land adjoins farm that is held at $50 heat and pass through a sweat which per acre. Price $5,000 for Whole, $2,000 for timber, without land. Terms to suit. is very perceptible on the tubers and Write or telephone us at once. this will continue for some time, often for a week or two. This heat P, B. BTJELL & SON, should be allowed to pass off by ven- Herndon, Va. tilating the piles or kilns at the top. Stock farms in Northern Virginia a Specialty. Before the weather becomes cold these ventilating holes should be closed to keep out the frost. When sweet potatoes are stored in a cellar or potatoe F. JI house the temperature is usually raised by stove heat for a few days Headquarters for Virginia Property, Fairfax Va. after storing to hasten their sweating and to dry off the moisture as it Washington Office, No. 1220 H Street, N. W., and Vienna, Va. forms and then when the tubers are thoroughly dried out the temperature If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, poultry or blue grass farm, property, or any kind of business proposition, such as hotels, is lowered down to 50 or thereabouts city or village stores, livery stables, schools, or any kindd of shop, it will pay you to send and they will keep well. for my 50-page catalogue. It is full of bargains, near steam and electric rail- 3. A daily ration of 6 or 8 lbs. of roads and near Washington, D. C, where we have the best of markets. I am corn, bran and cotton seed meal in always ready to show my property. I try to please. equal parts can generally be fed to MY MOTTO: "HONESTY AND FAIR DEALINGS." dairy cows on pasture with advantage, when the pasture is not a good one or is getting old and woody even rginie more than this can often be profitably DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT. fed.—Ed. Near Washington and BaBHimore and In easy reach of Philadelphl* and Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping facilities. SAVING COW PEA HAY. Reasonable in price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write us. CLAUDE G. STEPHENSON I want to thank you for your kind (Successor to Stephenson & Rainey, Herndon, Va.) letter of June 10th, and then to ask you to give me more information in regaid to saving and preparing a large crop of pea hay for the market. I will #35°-° have about 400 acres to save and will FANNING MILL FREE need the right kind of implements to do it. A Fanning Mill Free. If there are no dealers near Racine Lino of Farm and Ware- Can tedders be used to advantage you selling the famous house Fanning Mills, that clean, grade, separate and bag where the vines are rank and long, all kinds of grain and seeds as well as cow peas, velvet and if so, which are the best makes? beans, rice, peanuts, chufas, etc., then write te-d*y for Do you advise the use of haycock particulars about our free mill to one person In each neighborhood who will furnish us his neighobrs' names covers costing about 75c each for cur- to whom we can write to call and see the mill and who ing pea hay? will show what the mill do when they call to see it. What steam hay press would you JOHNSON * FIELD MFG. CO., Box 102, Racine, Wis. prefer for baling pea nay after it had passed through the Koger pea vine TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISHMBNT. 746 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, thresher, and where only rough plantation labor can be had? I have written the Koger Pea and Bean Thresher Co., Morristown, Tenn., twice but can't hear from them. Harvester Oil W. S. LOVELL. ilil Jefferson Co., Ala. For Harvesting Machines, Mowers,

I have always used a tedder in the Hay Tedders, Feed Cutters, or any making of cow pea hay, and consider farm machinery, this will be found supe- it indispensible for the rapid wilting rior for all around use, and particularly of the hay. I keep it going right after the mowers. There will be no on loose bearings. It is a heavy bodied difficulty in using the tedder when the oil, never turns rancid, never gums. vines are in condition to mow for Flows freely, no matter what the seed. When very green they might be rather heavy. You can make caps temperature. It lessens friction, saves of twilled cotton a great deal cheaper wear and tear on horses, and cuts down than 75 cents. The compressed paper repair bills. caps are worse than useless. They Put tip in one and five gallon cans, shed the rain, of course, but they shut down the moisture arising from the half-barrels and barrels. green peas and cause heating in the At ail dealers in farm machinery. cock that does more harm than the STANDARD OIL COMPANY rain. Usually when the seed crop (Incorporated) should be cut you will have little use for the caps, and really rain damages the peas but little. Of course you are going to lose most of the leaves cut at a stage proper for seed, but the feed SMITH SHOCK BINDER. will still be valuable though somewhat less so than if cut in the proper hay- Far in the lead of all making stage. I have always secured competitors for effective- ness, simplicity, durability, good pea vine hay without the use handiness and cheapness. of caps of any sort. I once tried the Made of the best Oak, compressed paper caps and threw them will last for years. ONLY Steel and Manila Rope, and away after one use. I never saw but ONE MAN required to ope- one make of tedder and do not know rate it, and he alone can that there are others for all are on the bind a shock a minute. Saves binder twine and plan, all bought at same and can be and your corn shocks will the dealers in implements in the cities. not fall or be blown down, I have had no experience in baling or g-et wet inside. No farmer can afford to be never grown any for sale hay, having without this Labor Sav- in my life, but always feeding all I ing Implement. One day's made and sometimes more. It is Patented July 16, 1907. use will pay for it. Or- der the Binder TO-DAY, rather strange that you do not hear Saves Labor, Twine and Corn and if you are not satis- from the Koger Co., for they should fied, return it, and we will be anxious to get orders. Perhaps they refund your money. Sent, express prepaid for 91-75. Agents wanted. are delayed in getting out more THE SMITH SHOCK BINDER CO., RICHMOND, VA. printed matter. Perhaps the editor References: The National State Bank and the Merchants' National Bank. will help me in telling you about hay presses, for I must confess that I have never had any use for one. W. F. MAS SET THE ORIGINAL AND You will find hay baling presses advertised in this issue. All the advertisers are reliable people and we have GENUINE ''FONTAINE" subscribers using all the different B makes advertised and they all give SHQEUINDER. satisfaction.—Ed. Saves Labor, Saves Corn. CABBAGES iJYING. Sent to any a«l

I I I 1 I I 1 I I II I I 1 I - - - the other the cabbage rot. They are H IIWI HI H-i I I I I M M M M ************* both incurable by any application to the plants when once they have started but can almost wholly be prevented by proper rotation of crops, never growing two crops of cabbages Perfect System or other cruciferous crops twice together on the same land. The spores of these two diseases infect the land and perpetuate the disease from year to year. Wherever cabbages are af- of Banking fected by either of these two diseases every diseased plant should be burned up. If they are thrown amongst the manure in the yard the infection will be carried to all land to which the manure may be applied. After the By Mail " plants have been burned up then ap- £&gz* ply a dressing of 25 to 50 bushels of lime per acr.e and this will kill the We have a system which affords superior spores in the land. Care should be advantages of doing your Banking Business taken when setting out the plants never to set a plant which has a club with this strong institution by Mail, It is root or the disease will be introduced into the land. There are often plants carried to the very door of every thrifty in every lot raised which show in- man and woman in the country—supplying fection or club roots and these should be burnt. Ed. them" with every facility and convenience in depositing their money—besides afford- SAVING VETCH HAY. ing a great saving in time. July Planter just to hand. On p. 606 Mr. Norfleet says a neighbor We invite your account. harvests vetch with a horse rake. At what stage of maturity? How does Mr. N. harvest it? I am surprised at his 3 per cent. saying it is easy to cure. It is the slowest curing hay I have ever tried. Interest Paid Perhaps I cut too early. For sowing seed a successful way is to sow in On Savings Accounts, Compounded semi- cotton and let cotton stalks hold it up. Cut stalks and all, throwing each annually from date of deposit. swath out of the way of mower before going on next round. Haven't tried to make hay this way. I am anxious to learn an easy way to cure vetch Merchants National Bank as it makes a heavy crop. J. F. HUNTER, 1101 E. riain St., Richmond, Va. Warren Co., N..C.

In answer to Mr. Hunter's question will say that my neighbor, Mr. Philips Capital, $200,000 Surplus, $830, 000 • and myself, both agree in waiting until our vetch would seem to have formed but not opened its last bunch "Safest For Savings." of blossoms. He then drives his horse rake over the field gathering the Mention Southern Planter. vines, which are macerated from the

-- ' ------' - -- - " !-! - ! - - -! ------shade and moisture at the ground so, I I 1 I I I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! : ! ! : ! ! ! ! ! 1 I 1 t-I-M-H I M I I I I II I 1 I I I U I that they readily break at that point and then dumps them in an irregular For Alfalfa, All Clovers, Soy Beans, windrow. I always cut my crop with Cow Peas FERTILIZE and Other Legumes a "potato digger" which is a long toothed rake. Walking into the hay and getting a good hold with this rake i-With FARMOGERM "fcSSBsi I step back and it is astonishing how Use it now for Immediate results on the crop you plant this summer or fall. A trial order will convince you. Tlie carefully selected, high bred, active and virile nitrogen-gathering fast the cut can be made in this way. bacteria in Farmogerm insure quicker growth, larger growth and belter quality of feed. Besides, Farmogerm permanently enriches the soil for future crops and The hay is allowed to lie until late MAKES POOR SOIL GOOD SOIL in the afternoon when it is put in Don't confuse It with other nitrogen cultures. It is different—it is better—it comes to small cocks. These are opened on the you in sealed bottles ready for use— it keeps perfectly and requires no developing on your part. Inoculate the seeds or spray on soil or young plants, or mix with earth and spread. third day, left until afternoon and The pure, active bacteria will rapidly multiply in the soil and roots, continuously draw re-cocked, left one day nitrogen from the air and make it available to the plants. Test it on your late garden and then beans and peas. opened and housed that afternoon. Of Price $2 per acre; garden size 50c. Mention thecrop you want to use it for when ordering. We Guarantee Farm°gerni to be an absolutely pure culture and to contain sufficient course this is a course I pursue when strong, active bacteria to Inoculate the seed or ground specified. tells and It increases the weather is good. Our book how why crops—what experts say of it—how to use it, etc Showers may Write Today For Free Book No. 13. delay me but as a rule a cut made on EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO., BLOOMFIELD, N. J. Monday is in the barn on Friday af- 748 THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER [August, ternoon. The hay to be in my ideal condition should show the green color In it and should be limp but should not contain a drop of foreign mois- Talks Fertilizers ture. In a week the hay will take a Plain on heat and throw off an astonishing amount of ammonia gas, but you Increasing and Safeguarding the Wheat-Crop should let it alone and this soon passes off leaving an extra good hay. The use of com- sufficient amount and In twelve years time the only failures I have ever made have been due to mercial fertilizers on you will undoubtedly allowing the hay to lie so long in the the wheat crop is year- increase not only the sun that it came out dry, tasteless, odorless, straw fit only for bedding. I ly becoming more average yields, but your don't see why cutting early should general proof enough profits as well. make the cure difficult, but I do — think the hay would shrink in a most that, it pays, and pays Write to the Vir- heart rending way for the immature vetch vine can certainly go away to well. ginia - Carolina Chem- nothing when exposed to the sun. Too many farmers, ical Company for its Several of my friends cure as I do and report good results, though at however, use fertilizers new Year Book or Al- first the heat the hay developed rather frightened them. without due regard for the manac, a costly 130 page L. E. NORFLEET. special needs of their soils. book, written by government WINTER COVER CROPS. Often they buy the cheapest and private experts. It shows I notice most all writers say that they use very how and why you can in- land should be covered with some grades. Or green crop during the winter. What small quantities. crease your crops three or would you advise me to sow? Will four fold by cut corn about Oct. 1st and would That such not have to use lard for corn again following mod- until next June. Would red clover unscientific Improve land much by that time. I ern agricul- use of fertili- And in this climate it would be too late for crimson clover. zers has proved tural methods. SUBSCRIBER. A postal to Bristol, Tenn. profitable indi-

cates what it any of the Com- The only crop you can sow to provide a winter crop so late as October can accomplish pany's offices will be hairy or winter vetch with for wheat grow- given below oats, wheat and rye. Sow 20 lbs. of the vetch seed with a bushel of the mixed ers if used will bring a grain. We would not advise the sow- more carefully and intelli- ing of red clover at that time and copy by mail free of charge. even if it made a stand it would not gently. » VIRGINIA-CAROLINA by the time you wanted to plow it down for the next crop have made The best way to learn just CHEMICAL CO. sufficient growth to materially help Richmond, Va. Durham. N. C. -what fertilizers will pay you Norfolk, Va. Charleston, S. C. the land. The vetch will give much Columbia, S. C. more help to the land and the follow- best is to make com- Baltimore, Md. ing crop.—Ed. Atlanta, Ga. parative tests on a Columbus, Ga. CORN FAILING Savannah, Ga. —SEEDING CLOVER small scale with your Montgomery, Ala. I have a ten acre piece of land in Memphis, Tenn. soils — then use a corn which is not doing very well. I Shreveport, La. plowed down a light crop of crimson clover 6in. deep, which on previous years had been plowed about 4 in., then I sowed 1,500 lbs. of Legore, Md. THE AMERICAN WELL lime to the acre, harrowed it in well and sowed the corn on May 15 and WORKS, 16. To-day some of the corn looks Aurora, Illinois, U. S. A. fairly well, is 5 and 6 feet high and Chicago, III. Dallas, Tex. is tasseling out. Other parts of it, MANUFACTURE FULL LINE strips here and there from two to four rods wide and five to six rods long,, Jetting, Rotary, Coring, Rock when the stalks were about 6 in. high Drilling and Prospecting the leaves turned a rusty, reddish color, since when it has grown but Machinery. little. Some say the corn is lime or Depth, Strong burned and others that Any Diameter the land is and Speedy. corn sick. With exception of one year when it had a crop of wheat, this CATALOG MAILED ON REQUEST J ;

1908.] THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER. 749 lot had successive crops of corn for five years. What would you consider the trouble to be? After harvesting the corn I intend to sow it to Mam- moth Red Clover. How would you condition the land? The soil is sandy with a light clay subsoil. Would winter oats be successful as a shelter crop and to cut for hay in the spring? If so, what kind would you advise sowing and when should they be sowed? A. NUNN. Kent Co., Delaware. The trouble with your corn is that It lacks a sufficiency of available plant food. Constantly growing corn and wheat has exhausted the mineral plant food—phosphoric acid and potash and there does not seem to have been anything given to supply nitrogen except the light crimson clover crop. The lime did not add any fertilizing matter but merely made available more of the potash and improved the mechanical and physical condition. We doubt whether you can secure a stand of mammoth red clover on such land and certainly not if seeded after you have harvested the corn. There cannot be plant food enough in the land to grow such a crop. If you would apply 400 lbs. of bone meal to the acre and sow in the corn, you would possibly suc- No Need to Buy Paint Blindly ceed. Our advice would be to sow crimson clover and wheat, oats and If there were no way of knowing good paint materials from rye in the corn crop now, say 12 lbs. bad, except by waiting to see how they may wear, painting of crimson clover and one bushel of would necessarily be the lottery which many people make it. the mixed grain. Crimson clover The paint lottery is not necessary. Pure White Lead and will grow on poorer land than any are the essential paint. other clover except Japan clover. In Pure Linseed Oil elements of good this way you might get a winter White Lead can be tested absolutely. The commoner adulter- cover for the land and a fallow to plow ants of Linseed Oil can be also down in the spring. Follow this crop detected. See that they are pure Full Weight Kegs with a cowpea crop to which apply The Dutch Boy and properly put on, and the paint Painter on a keg 300 lbs. of acid phosphate to the acre guarantees not only put. and cut this crop into the land with will stay puritv, but fu 11 weight of White the disc harrow in the month of To test White Lead, a blowpipe is needed. If Lead. Our packag August next year and then you can you intend to paint this season, ask us tor a blow- es are not weighed which will send you free, together with with the contents pipe, we each keg contains expect to grow mammoth clover it. test is so simple, and Full directions for using The the amount of grass, which we would sow in that that any man, woman or child can make it. White Lead desig- nated on outside month or September without any Ask for "Test Equipment 14 the grain crop. September is as late as grass or clover should be seeded. NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY in whichever of the following cities is nearest you- Winter oats ought not to be sown New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland. Cincinnati, later than September.—Ed. Chicago, St, Louis, Philadelphia (John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.), Pittsburgh (National Lead SEEDING TO GRASS. & Oil Co.) Please give the best plan for getting two or three house lots into grass for pasture as quickly as possible. S. King William Co., Va. In the May issue of The Planter you will find an article from Mr. VULCANITE. Sandy describing his method of laying down grass land. In this issue Do you know what Vulcanite is? It is the best in the article, "Work for the Month," ready-made roofing on the market. Heat or you will find our advice on the sub- cold has no effect on it. Put up 108 square feet ject. You cannot succeed in growing in a roll, with nails, cement and full directions. grass unless your land is in a fine The 8 feet is allowed for the lap, so it lays 100 It painting from mechanical and physical condition, square feet on a roof. needs no three to five years. For Tobacco Barns it is superior to any roof made. For rich and free from weeds. To secure further information, prices, samples, etc., write, the first requires deep plowing and VIRGINIA IMPLEMENT & HARDWARE CO, South Boston, Va. perfect breaking and the application We have sold several thousand squares of Vulcanite in 3 years and it is of a ton of lime to the acre to be giving perfect satisfaction. 750 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. [August,

- - - - worked in in after it is plowed. Then •K-H I I l I IM M M H M MH I 1 1 M I 1 II 1 I H-H-H-t-H W-H I 1,1 I I ! make rich with farm yard manure free from weed seeds or which has been so rotted as to kill the vitality IS YOUR MONEY SAFE? 1 of the seeds and with bone meal. If Deposit your funds In this strong Institution, where It Is alawys subject manure cannot be had use 5(H) lbs. of to your call, besides accumulating interest. bone meal to the acre. Work this We have the largest surplus and profits of into the land and then sow plenty any National Bank south of Washlna-tou—together of seed, at least 2 bushels to the acre with thorough and competent examina- tions, Insures absolute safety for erery dollar and harrow in.—Ed. depositee) with us. Our perfect system of "Banking by Mall" is FENCE POSTS—SICK SHEEP- simple and convenient. Accounts receivable In amounts of $1.00 and upwards, earning 3 per BLOODY MILK. cent, compound interest from date of deposit, 1. Will sassafras make good fence compounded semi- annually. Write to-day for free ilustrated booklet. posts? Have been told that they will last as long as locust, but had rather hear from some one having had ex- Planters National BanK, perience with them before using many. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. 2. Several of my sheep had very Richmond, Va.

bad cough last fall which lasted them '.'. Capital, $300>000.00. Surplus and Profits, $1,100,000.0(1. all through the winter. They seemed J

to almost choke when coughing, in " - " - - " » " " " " ------" " lllll I"M"I M M I I M M I I M H 1 II I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I ! ! I I I I I I I ! ! fact I thought at first they were choked on turnips, would sometimes cough up some thick matter and run The Ranev some at the nose. I thought they had Canning Outfit distemper and gave them pine tar and rubbed some on their noses. They will save your fruit and veg- would eat but little of anything, con- etables; costs little; keeps sequently were very thin in order by money on the farm and lambing time and the lambs all died brings more on. We furnish as fast as they came, not living more them to work on cook store than a day or two. Two of the ewes or furnace for either home died in May after they had been on or market canning. Their good pasture for some time. Four small cost will be saved in have gotten over the cough and are one day. Send for circulars now taking on some flesh, while one and prices. With each outfit does not get any better, eats but lit- we furnish free a book of tle and is very thin, some spots on instructions, telling how to her where the wool has not grown can all kinds of fruits and any since clipping and the skin looks vegetables. Prices from $6 hard and papery. Other sheep in the to $30. flock that have not been troubled All sizes of tin cans at the lowest market price, Write for our com- with the cough are well and fat. What plete catalogue of farm machinery. is the trouble and what remedy? 3. I have a cow that has been giving bloody milk for some time. Does THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, not appear to have had a blow on 1302 E. Main St.. ... Richmond, Va. the udder and there is no fever. Some times little clots of blood will pass and is worse some days than others and it comes from all the teats. Have LIVE STOCK AUCTIONEER. not used milk for three weeks. It got this way some time ago, but did not I offer my services as a Stock Salesman to the breeders of the East. In days. I thought then last but few doing so, I will say that I have equipped myself both by having taken a it was on acount of coming in season course at the Jones National School of Auctioneering, and by years of breed- but that cannot be the case now. ing and selling Pedigreed Stock. I make a specialty of Pedigreed Sales. Calf is about ten weeks old. Been If I may be permitted to say it, I will suggst that I believe I can render letting it suck some up to about a Breeders better service than salesmen residing in remote parts of the country, familiar with conditions obtaining in this section. Then, week ago, then kept it away to see as I am thoroughly too, I will probably not be quite as expensive as to railroad fare, etc., and if have any effect. Cow is that would besides, I must give satisfaction or I make no charge for my services. in good order, eats hearty and seems Write me or phone me via "Winchester over Southern Bell Phone for every other way. Is she likely well in dates. Prompt attention assured. to get over it or would you advise drying her up and making beef of her? Roy P. Dui/afl. Stephenson, l/a. Have been reading the Planter for several years and like it very much. S. R. HILL, Henry Co., Va. Every Farmer Should Have His Own Thresher experience We have never had any 'Little Giant" Thresher runs with light power and wilt clean all kinds of grain— I for fence posts nor can wheat, rye, oats, rice, flax, barley, katflr corn and grass seeds. Attachments for I with sassafras Made sizes for 3, 6 8 threshing cow peas and for "pulling" peanuts. in three — and | we find any reports of their use and H. P. Gasoline Engine. Any power can be used. We also make Level-Tread Powers, Feed and Ensilage Cutters, Saw Maohines, etc. Send far FREE catalogue. therefore cannot advise you. The HEEBNER A SONS, »5 Broad St., Lanadale, Pa. Forestry Department of the Depart- 1908.] THE SOUTHEK^ PLANTER. 751

ment of Agriculture at Wshington is making experiments with different kinds of fence posts and very probably are testing sassafras. If you will Let us Give you tKe Facts write this department they will gladly tell you all they know about them. Before you buy ensilage machinery. Get all the facts—don't stick on Jniit oae point. 2. We think the trouble with your Remember it's the all-around right working machine that makes the sheep in the first instance was sim- work go on fast and sure. ple catarrh caused very probably by WE OFFER YOU THE PROOFS OF climatic conditions. This no doubt, from inattention at the first of the attack gradually developed into epi- 4* 99 zootic catarrh and for the latter disease there is practically no remedy. OHIO The result of treatment may in some cases be partial recovery, but the sheep never recover sufficient vitality ENSILAGE to be worth keeping. If when the catarrh first attacks the sheep they are CUTTER given, shelter in a clean, airy shed and fed warm bran and linseed mashes for a few days and the follow- SUPERIORITY ing powder is blown into the nostrils several times a day, complete relief They are not One- Point Machines will usually be secured. Take equal They are right in speed, in cutting, in elevating, In self-feeding, in power, parts finely pulverized sub-nitrate of In packing the silo, is convenience—everything. bismuth and gum arabic and mix The only complaint ever heard about the famous "OHIO" Ensilage Cutters them and blow into the nostrils _ and Blowers is through a quill as much of the powder as will lie on a dime twice a day. "Can't get the corn to the Machine fast Enough." A tonic of ground ginger and gentian Six sizes of Blowers. Cut 4 to 30 tons per hour. Run with 4 to 14 horse 1 to 2 drams of gentian and half an power. Elevate to any height silo. Perfect self-<"eed; bulldog grip. Patented ounce of ginger may be given with distributor saves labor. Simple, strong and durable. advantage. It may also be that worms Be sure to write for our fine free 100-page Ensilage Cutter Catalogue and infested the sheep—either the stom- learn why the "Ohio" is the machine you should buy. Address ach or the knotty gut worms. If this be so your other sheep and THE SILVER MFG. CO., SALEM, OHIO. lambs will soon show symptoms of the trouble, especially the lambs. To- bacco is the remedy for these. Let the sheep have what tobacco they will l^saeEjaaaaaesaqaae^^ eat. 3. Blood may come with the milk DO YOU for a variety of causes. It may be from injury to the udder, or when it is congested or inflamed, when the circulation through it has been sud- WANT TO BUY A FARM? denly increased by richer and more abundant food or when the cow is in heat or it may arise from eating acid We make Fairfax and Loudoun Counties stock farms and country or irritant plants, deposits of tubercle homes in Northern "Virginia a specialty. This is the most desirable or tumors in the udder, or indur- section in every way around Washington. Herndon is within one ation of the glands may be the cause. hour's ride of Washington, with excellent train service, a good pike The treatment will vary with the on either side to Washington and electric cars eight miles distant. cause. In congested glands which is Kindly let us know what kind of a farm you want, how many a most frequent cause, give 1 lb. of acres you desire, and how much you want to invest in a farm, and Epsom salts and daily thereafter half we will send you a list of places and price list that we think will suit an ounce of saltpeter with a dram of you. chlorate of potash and bathe the bag with hot or cold water and rub with P. B. BUELL & SON, camphorated lard. If it arises from tubercle deposits or tumors there is REAL ESTATE BROKERS, no available remedy and the cow should be dried and fed.—Ed. HERNDON, Fairfax Co., VIRGINIA.

i m*^****<<*,<.<:»>»'>»»»>:y»>y-y»!^ IMPROVING LAND.

I have a field that I am trying to improve and at the same time get some returns from it. It is now drilled in black peas and I want to follow the peas with crimson clover Broad & 9th) Sts., RICHMOND, VA. and plant it to corn next year. Would Commercial, Stenographic. Telegraphic and Eng. Depts. Ladles & gentlerneo- No vacations. you advise cutting either the peas "It Is the leading Business College south of the Potomac River." —Phila. Stenographer. "When I reached Rlchrnood, I Inquired of several business men for the best Business College this summer or the clover next In the city, and. without exception, they all recommended Smithdeal's as the best "--w. spring for hay, or fallow both. What E. Ross, Law Stenoqrapher, Richmond. Bookkeeping, Shorthand, Writing, haugDt by mall. 752 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

kind, if any, fertilizer would pay best on the clover and corn. I sowed 150 lbs. 14 per cent, acid phosphate per Congo on acre on the peas. Barn at J. W. ADAMS. Dinwiddie Co., Va.

No doubt the great need of your land in order to make it productive is humus, vegetable matter, in the soil. This is the greatest need of all the land in Southside Virginia and much of it elsewhere in the State. To get this cheaply and quickly is When looking for a roof one naturally wants something that is the way to make the land profitable durable and that will stand the test of time. and the only way to accomplish this end is to grow and turn under leg- Congo Roofing has stood this test, and has proven its worth as uminous crops. Whilst we are always a protection against all kinds of climate and weather. averse to advising the plowing down Many buildings the country over are covered with Congo, of a good food crop if we can be as- which have already given many years of service, and are good for sured that if cut and cured it will be many years more. made into feed for stock and the resulting manure be applied to the land Heat and cold, rain and snow, have no appreciable effect upon yet there are times when it is the Congo. Even fire itself is stubbornly resisted by these roofs. feed wisest policy to sacrifice the Not the least attractive feature of Congo is the price. It is the value of a crop for the sake of the cheapest of the high-grade rubber roofings. humus value. "When one is just start- Send for Booklet and Free Sample, ing to improve a piece of poor land it is almost always the best course and you'll surely buy no other kind. to turn under the first two or three UNITED ROOFING & MFG. CO. crops. They are usually light and Successors to Buchanan Foster Co. would only make a small quantity of 512 West End Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. feed whilst they will make compar- Chicago & San Francisco. I atively a good deal of humus. If therefore you want to make the most and quickest progress with your work turn under both the crops but if you cannot afford to do this then cut the peas for hay leaving a good stubble which cut into the land with the disc harrow or plow down and sow the crimson clover with a mixture of wheat, oats and rye with it to ensure VICTORIA a good winter cover and turn this crop down in the spring for the improvement of the land. Acid phosphate is the best fertilizer you can RUBBER ROOFING. use for this land for the crops you name. Apply 250 or 300 lbs. to the acre.—Ed, Waterproof—Weatherproof. Always pliable—never hard APPLYING MANURE TO LAND- or brittle. Any climate, all conditions. CORN SMUT.

I have read after Prof. Massey, Terry and other men of intelligent OUR PRICES WILL INTEREST YOU. practical farm experience. They say take the barn yard manure from the SEND FOR SAMPLES. barn to the field at once if possible. This all may be proper, but I wish Patented and Galvanized Roofing Sheets, Roll Tin and to know whether this will in time Tar Paper. affect the mechanical condition of the soil. For the last two falls I have TIN « TERNE PLATES, GALVANIZED FIAT SHEETS. ROOFING MATERIALS. plowed my garden then put on the manure all through the winter until I plow it again in the spring. It appears that the manure keeps the breaks in ground wet and it thus up vnufacturers^Jobbers clods and though you work on it with 1104 E-CAKY STREET. harrow and clod crusher still there RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. remain so many little clods that it

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE "THE MASTER WORKMAN," DON'T GASOLINEENGINES a two-cylinder gasoline, kerosene ar BUY durability. Co«1» greater alcohol engine, superior to any one-cylinder engine; revolutionizing power. Its weight and bulk are half that of single cylinder ei^,..engines, with overcome. Cheaply mounted on any wagon. It is a combination portable, stationary or tracuon Less to Buy—Less to Run. Quickly, easily started. Vibration practically YEAR, •nglne. Bend fob Catalogue. TU£ TEMPLE FVni> CO., Slfn., Meagher and 15th 8ti., Chlcato. THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIFTH 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 753 makes it hard to get little seed up. Does the manure thus spread all through the winter thus affect the mechanical condition of the soil, if it did in time it would he most difficult to prepare the soil so that the plants would get proper food from the soil. I suppose the manure would" be all right on sod and you know that it is well to have sod on the ground in winter but please tell me about this also. I am experimenting in the garden and I find it is a good place to make the experiment. Could you also tell me the cause of those white look- ^ROOFING ing lumps of growth on the green growing corn? These are somewhat waste of time and trouble. coarse or pithy and greatly affect Amatite will last for many years the productiveness of the corn. You IF you had a sam- without any care whatever. It is see it here and there on a stalk as ple of Amatite in made to be trouble proof as well as you go through the field. I would like your hand you weather proof. to know the cause of it. Please ans- would see in an wer all this in your August number A roofing that consists of smooth instant why it of the Southern Planter. I love to materials, made to receive a heavy needs no read the Planter and every farmer painting coating of paint, is not a roofing at or coating to ought to have it. all—the paint is the real roof. The lay of this garden may have keep it water- If you are told that certain proof. all to do with it keeping wet and roofings don't need painting when coming up in clods. It lies on side hill It has a rough first laid, don't be deceived into is of a clay nature and seems to he surface of real thinking that they are like Ama- springy in places. mineral matter tite. The first coat of paint has J just came from a patch of corn Hgy on the weather been applied at the factory—that's "Iowa Bent," yellow corn, and the all, and it will wear off in a little growth I referred to above has MDIiMfllJ to anyone that it while and require renewal. broken open and I see that it is corn is no more neces- No paint is good enough to make smut. What is the cause of corn sary to paint such a durable roof; a thick layer of smut and how remedied? a surface than it pitch, faced with a real mineral sur- REV. D. E. DAY, is necessary to Hi face, is far better—and that means Gilmore, Ohio. paint a stone Amatite. In the April issue of the Planter wall. Stone needs on page 392 you will find the results no paint; neither Free Samples of experiments made in Maryland as does Amatite. It to the application of manure to land is strong enough in itself to bear and BooKlet. at various times. Send to the Mary- the brunt or rain and wind and land Experiment station and ask and sun without a protective coat A Free Sample with Booklet will them to send you the Bulletin on the of paint. be sent on request to our nearest subject. The experiments made in To paint Amatite would be a office. various parts of this country and elsewhere seem conclusive as to the advisability of applying manure di- BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, rectly from the stables to the land. New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston For the best results in a garden or Cincinnati Minneapolis Cleveland St. Louis for the growing of truck crops where Pittsburgh New Orleans London, Eng. Kansas City a highly fertile and fine mechanical and physical condition of the soil is necessary to quick success, compost- ing before applying is very often advisable. The cost of this can be borne by garden or truck crops of high value where in the production of staple crops on the farm such a course would be too costly. We think that probably in your case the nature and situation of your land has much to do with the results you find. In our own experience in thus applying manure directly without com- posting we never found this trouble to be in any way serious. The mixing of the manure in the soil in the early spring in preparing it for the crops let in the air and sun and a fine CORRUGATED V-CRIMP ROOFING, RUBBER ROOFING. TARRED PAPER seed bed was quickly formed. As to ROOFING TIN IN ROLLS A SPECIALTY. corn smut. This is a fungoid disease WRITE US YOUR WANTS. which is spead in the crop by spores given off by the smutted stalks. Ma- McGRAW-YARBROUGH CO., Richmond, V — — )

754 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [August,

nure applied to land in which smutted stalks have been mixed will in- fest the land and perpetuate the dis- elk ease in the next crop. The only rem- Me> edy and preventative is to burn up every bit of smut as soon as found and all stalks upon which smutted ears have been produced.—Ed. as a MARVELOUS ONE MAN BALER. arm Just think of the benefits of a press that one man can operate, and with order things. one horse bale a ton of hay an hour. established a new of Any one who will carefully consider This is possible because it has an the matter must see that they are money automatic self-feeder, and a wonder- makers and money savers. fully ingenious, yet simple device for They make short, easy, pleasant work of what always has been hard, slow work. self-threading of the bale wire, so FARMERS are getting over doing that no partition blocks are necessary. things the hard, slow way. The They save the farmer's strength, save him wages of hired men, save time, and A great time and fork saver is the very general use of farm powers is an example. enable him to do more work and make hopper with bars at the side instead ever As a matter of fact, the farmer has as more money out of his farm than of being solid. This permits the tines great need of a reliable power as the was possible before. of the fork to go through instead of mechanic. There is no doubt that on the average farm an I. H. C. gasoline engine will hitting the side when the hay is be- Take the average barn for illustration. more than repay its first cost each year. ing put in. Locate one of the simple, dependable The nice adaptation of these engines I. H. C. gasoline engines, such as is With this press a man can do his to all farm duties is one of their most shown here, outside the barn door, or own baling in his spare time, instead excellent features. within the barn, forthatmatter.and what of paying a high price for labor They are built in : and a world of hard labor it will save! You VERTICAL, 2 and 3-Horse Power. having a big hay baling crew around will have a power house on your farm. HORIZONTAL (Stationary and Port- when he would like to be doing other It will shell the corn, grind feed, cut able), 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20-Horse work, or the press being mounted on ensilage, turn the fanning mill, pump Power. water, run the cream separator, elevate wheels can be taken right into the TRACTION, 10, 12, 15 and 20 Horse hay to the mow, and do a dozen other field, and Power. the hay baled at the wind- things. row. With this press the cost of bal- AIR COOLED, 1-Horse Power. The old way was to use the horses in a Also sawing, spraying and pumping ing is reduced to 40 cents a ton. Cir- tread power or on a circular drive, to outfits. culars and full will be operate a information complicated system of gear There is an I. H. C. engine for every sent free by the George Ertel Com- wheels. purpose. The consequence that pany, Quincy, 111. was most of the It will be to your interest to investi- hard power jobs were hand jobs. gate these dependable, efficient engines. I. H. C. engines, being so simple, so Call on the International local agent DETAILED INDEX. efficient, so dependable, and furnishing and get catalogues and particulars, or abundant power at so little cost, have write the home office. Sorrel 734 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA. CHICAGO. U. S. A. Failure to Breed 734 (Incorporated) Grass for Meadow 735 Grazing Peas and Soy Beans Winter Crops for Forage in Don't that Spring for Hogs 735 Forget Steam is the Weevil 736 Maintenance of Fertility 737 Most Reliable Power Seeding to Grass 738 Farmers and planters who install Leffel Horses not Sweating When at Steam Engines have no power troubles. There Work 738 is no failure to start or to run—no tinkering, no coaxing, no vexatious delays. We have Poll Evil 740 built thousands of Improving Land for Wheat 742 Canada Peas and Oats—Sick Hogs 744 Leffel Engines A Stumbling Horse 744 For Farm Use Sumac, Sweet Potatoes—Grain No planter ever thinks of exchanging his dependable Leffel f orauy other kind of power. He can under- Feed on Pasture 745 stand his Leffel Engine. Quick, easy steamers. No Saving Cow Pea Hay 745 other style of power so economical. The numerous he! styles and sizes of Leffels insure your getting a power Cabbages Dying 746 gH that exactly fits your needs. Don't buy any engine " till you write for onr free book, Saving Vetch Hay 747 JAMES LEFFEL & COMPANY Winter Cover Crops 748 Box 213 Springfield. Ohio Corn Failing—Seeding Clover.... 748 Seeding to Grass 749 Fence Posts—Sick Sheep—Bloody & SAYE MONEY & Milk 750 Improving Land 751 By writing when in need of any description of Applying Manure to Land—Corn Machinery, Boilers, Engines, Tanks, Cars, Smut 752 Kail Beams, Channels, Plates, Angles, threaded Pipe sizes (1 to 6 inches. sizes iron pipe shells for road draining, Shafting, Pul- Powhatan Co., Va., April 1, 1908. All and etc Boxes, We think the Southern Planter the leys, Hangers. Cable, Belting, aDd thousands of other useful articles in the in the of best agricultural journal in America. Largest Stock South used number of others, but for We take a j& SUPPLIES jS> a well gotten up agricultural joudnal CLARENCE COSBY. 1519-31 East Cary St. RICHMOND, VA. yours takes the cake. L. D. Phone, No. 3526. M. W. NICHOLLS. 1008.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. , 00

HISTORICAL WRITERS OF THE SOUTH. Mary Washington. Article No. 3. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS. 1812—1883. Alexander H. Stephens, Vice Pres- ident of the Southern Confederacy, was born in Georgia, Feb. 11th, 1812. He was a self-made man and his early life was severe, laborious and self-de- nying. But in spite of the difficulties imposed by poverty and ill health, he became a lawyer and politician of great reputation and popularity. He I was one of the Whig leaders of the State until about 1850 when he drifted into the Democratic party on account of the rising discussions of slavery. He served in Congress from 1843 to 1859. In I860', he opposed secession warmly, but when his Scute seceded he followed her, and was elected Vice for 14 Years. President of the Confederate States. The Standard His chief work appeared in 1868, entitled "A Constitutional View of the The oldest prepared roofiDg on the market, and the first War, between the States, the cause, Kuberoid Roofs, laid many years ago. are still giving satisfac- character, conduct, and results." His tory service under the severest climatic and atmospheric political views on the subject of seces- conditions. will or tear. Acid sion and the war are ably given in Contains no tar or paper; not melt this work. He also wrote a school fumes will not injure it. Outlasts metal or shingles. Any handy man can apply it. history of the United States. He also There is only one Kuberoid Roofing, and we sell it. You wrote many speeches, addresses, ora- can verify its genuineness by the name on the label and on tions and letters belonging to the pro- the under side of eveTy length of Rubeioid Rcofing. Send vince of politics. His powers as an for samples and booklet. orator were remarkable. He enjoyed A large stock of Corrugated and VCrinop Roofing always on unbounded popularity in Georgia. He hand. was elected representative in Con- gress 1877-82 and Governor in 1882-83, dying in office. He was feeble and Southern Railway Supply Co*, emaciated, always in delicate health, seldom weighing ove 90 lbs. What he achieved in life was a signal instance 1323 East Main Street of the triumph of mind over matter. R. R. HOWISON. RICHMOND VA Robert R. Howison was born June 22d, 1820, in Richmond, Va. He was a lawyer of high standing as well as an author. His works were as fol-

lows: , "History of Virginia from its Dis- covery and Settlement by Europeans to the Present Time." (1847) 2 octavo /I Man From Ohio Talks vols. "Lives of Gens. Marion, Morgan and Gates." 1848. It runs "History of the War Between the There is United States and the Confederate 29 years of a horse States." experience lighter "Report of Joint Committee of Con- than any federate Congress on the Treatment in this other of Prisoners of War." machine This report was written by Mr. %^X^: Howison as secretary of the Commit- tee and was first published in March, About the Success Manure Spreader. 1865. It was republished in various "It has been the most satisfactory piece of machinery I ever purchased. It Northern papers, and is given in full spreads all kinds of manure better and covers more ground than can be done in Pollard's "Lost Cause." by hand. The narrow front trucks do away with all jerking of the tongue Howison ranks high with historical against the horses on rough ground. I can start a load that a team cannot writers of the South, being classed shake on a wagon. I can get in and out of places that I couldn't with a wagon. It has changed the hard and much dreaded job of manure spreading with Gayarre and other men of that into a snap. I would not do without it.--A. C. Presno, Mendon, O." stamp. He was a very faithful and THE SUCCESS IS NOW COMPLETELY ROLLER BEARING. pains-taking student, laboring earn- Seven sets, one to each wheel, two on beater, one on beater drive. That estly to sift, examine and verify every settles the draft problem. It is still the staunchest, best working spreader statement of fact introduced into his made. Send for catalogue before you buy. histories. KEMP & BURPEE MFG. CO., SYRACUSE, N. Y. W. H. TRESCOTT. William Henry Trescot was a na —

756 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August, tive of Charleston, S. C, born in College of Veterinary 1823. He repeatedly served in the United States Surgeons State Legislature and always com- WASHINGTON, D. C. manded a large influence. His Eng- lish was the best heard in those legis- C. B. ROBINSON, V. S. President. lative assemblies, as he invariably M. PAGE SMITH, D. V. S, Secretary. used pure and correct language. He GEO. A. PREVOST, LL. B., Treasurer was an historical writer, but made an exclusive study of the diplomatic his- Session 1908-09, begins tory of the periods of which he treated- Everything he wrote (except for trib- October 1. The only Vet- ute memoirs) relates to diplomacy and on this subject he was admitted to be erinary College South of the highest authority in the South. Philadelphia and East of He was the author of: "The Diplomacy of the Revolution." Mississippi. Graduates A historical study, published in New York. 1852. fitted for Private practice "A Letter on the Diplomatic Sys- and all tem of the United States" 1854. Government "Diplomatic history of the Admin- Positions. istration of Washington and Adams." 1789-1801. Duodecimo. Published 1857. For catalogue and any further in- M. J. SPAULDING. formation Amongst religious historians I may mention Archbishop Martin John ADDRESS, Spaulding of Kentucky, who was born about 1S08. No prelate in the United C. B4RNWELL ROBINSON, States stood higher for ability as a V. S. Dean. scholar or devotion to the interests of his church. His "History of the Re- No. 222 C. Street, Northwest, D. C. formation," in two large volumes is WASHINGTON, said to be one of the most searching and exhaustive histories ever written, from the papal standpoint. He also wrote "Evidences of Catholicity" Mis- NATIONAL sions in Kentucky" and Miscellanies." JOHN ESTEN COOKE. 1830-1886. John Esten Cooke though more generally known as a novelist also es- Water Supply sayed the role of historian his first literary work after the close of the war being "The Life of Stonewall Jackson." 1865. He also wrote later System. the life of Robert E. Lee. Besides this he wrote a history of "Virginia for the FARMERS, LET US IN- young and edited the life of Capt. STALL. OUR GREAT COM- John Smith. PRESSED AIR SYSTEM OF He was born in Winchester, Va. TVATER SUPPLY IN YOUR Nov. 3d, 1830. His father was a dis- RESIDENCE, BARN, DAIRY tinguished lawyer, and his mother was OR OTHER BUILDINGS. Maria Pendleton, descended from the Revolutionary family of that nam?. It will furnish you an abundance of water for all pur- John Esten Cooke himself was bred poses from any source. Write ps, giving depth and capacity up to the law, but gave up that proof your well or spring, and we will cheerfully submit an estimate and make suggestions as to your requirements. fession to devote himself to litera- Satisfaction Guaranteed. ture. He fought through the war, and DAVIDSON, BURNLEY & CO., RICHMOND, VA. then returned to his literary career 619 East Main Street. which he followed till the time cf bis death, Sept., 1886. His novels written after 1865 are deeply imbued with the spirit of the war and filled with ..ELMWOOD NURSERIES. the events as he interwove into their pages the stirring and romantic experiences of those days. This is es- are Growers and Offer a Assortment of pecially the ease with "Mohun," -We Fine "Hilt to Hilt," and "Surrey of Eagle's APPLES, PEACHES, PEARS, Nest." CHERRIES, PLUMS APRICOTS, DR. J. L. M. CURRY. NECTARINES, GRAPE VINES, CURRANTS, Amongst the most thoughtful and GOOSEBERRIES, STRAWBERRIES, DEWBERRIES, best considered historical works that RASPBERRIES, ASPARAGUS, HORSERADISH, have appeared in the South since the ORNAMENTALS, SHADE TREES, HEDGE PLANTS, Civil War, I may mention "The South- WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ern States of the American Union." and "Civil History of the Confederate J. B. WATK1NS& BRO., Midlothian, Va. States," by Dr. J. L. M. Curry. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 757

HENRY C. STUART, Pres. JOHN STEWART BRYAN, V. -Pres. M. A. CHAMBERS, Sec VIRGINIA STATE FAIR 1908 RICHMOND, VA. October 5-6-7-8-9-10. VIRGINIA'S BIG EXHIBITION OF HER RESOURCES AND BEST PRODUCTS. All Farmers of Virginia Should Work To Make It A Success. THE PREMIUM LIST IS NOW READY SEND FOR ONE.

ATTENTION HAS ALREADY BEEN CALLED FINE PREMIUMS FOR APIARY SUPPLIES AND PRODUCTS The premiums for farm products cover everything of In Southern Planter to the premiums for FARM The value produced on the soil, in the way of wheat, rye, corn, Grasses, Wheat, Rye, Corn, Tobacco, Peanuts, PRODUCTS,— oats, barley, hay, Soy beans, cowpeas, sorghum, millet, etc. general, and particularly to the Potatoes and Vegetables in Also for most complete display of varieties of whole plants, Exhibits for best collection Splendid Offer for County ($50 including wheat, corn, clover and grasses; Groups, the "Blue Ridge," "Pied- sweepstake and $25 for 2nd) in three premiums for wheat and corn; and display of grain, grasses or Middle" section of Virginia, the mont" and "Tidewater and forage crops, in grain and stalk. same premiums being offered for each group, making $225.00 In the June and July numbers appeared specimen class- THE VEGETABLE LIST COVERS EVERYTHING PRO- fications of the CATTLE PREMIUMS. These premiums are DUCED IN THE GARDEN. Don't overlook the County Comprehensive and Liberal. For most breeds there are Exhibits. three grades of premiums—1st, 2nd., and 3d—and for some animals, 4th, 5th and even 6th premiums have been pro- THE TOBACCO PREMIUMS have been increased and vided. The premiums for Short Horns total $980; for Vir- comprise olive stems and brown shipping (sun cured) and ginia Beef Breeds, $505; Herefords, $550; Aberdeen-Angus, "flue cured" wrappers, cutters, fillers and smokers. Ayrshire, $500; Red Polled, $850; Holstein-Friesians $400; THE HORTICULTURAL DISPLAY. $400; Jerseys, $400; Guernseys, $400; Dutch Belted, $425; Galloway, $255; Brown Swiss, $255; Fat Cattle, $165; Vir- Will be one of the features of the Fair, and the Virginia ginia Dairy Cattle, open to all cows and heifers owned in State Horticultural Society will assist in making it a suc- this State three months prior to the Fair, $200; making cess, out of the appropriation granted by the General As- $6,285.00 for cattle. sembly of Virginia. THE PREMIUMS FOR SHEEP, SWINE AND POULTRY There are liberal premiums for the best varieties of apples grown in the State, also for pears, peaches, plums, liberal. there are premiums for Cots- Are equally In sheep grapes and nuts; for collections, varieties, etc. Oxforddowns, premiums new wolds, Southdowns, Shropshires, Hampshires, COUNTY EXHIBITS of fruit can be made, there being two Lincolns, Leicesters, Merinos, Delaines, Dorsets, Cheviots, divisions with the Blue Ridge as the dividing line. For each Sheep, a total of $1535.00. There are Rambouillets and Fat division there is a first premium of $100, and a second of also 12 premiums in this department for Angora Goats, and with a ribbon for third. Goat $50, a special Silver Cup, offered by the American Angora Fruit Package and Nursery Exhibits are included in the Breeders' Association, for "Best Breeders' Flock of An- Horticultural Department. gora Goats." For Swine the premiums total $1862.00, being for Berk- PLANTS AND FLOWERS. shires, Poland-Chinas, Chester Whites, Duroc Jerseys, Large White and Small White Yorkshires, Tamworths, Essex, This will be made one of the attractions of the Fair. Victorias and Barrows. Nice Premiums, some of $10. A "Professional List" and one for non-professionals, or amateurs, ,so that everybody, For Poultry, uniform first and second premiums of $2.50 firms and individuals, can compete. and $1.00 for pens, and $1.50 and 50 cents for single birds are offered for all BREEDS AND STRAINS that are known. There are also premiums (1st, $1.50; 2d, 75 cents) for Or- DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES, ARTS, ETC. namental Fowls and Pet Stock in the latter being included This is a department that appeals especially to "farmers' Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. Pigeons have not been overlooked, wives and daughters" and the wives and daughters of bus- and there are first second and third premiums for every iness and professional men as well. Good premiums offered kind kept by fanciers. for exhibits in this department. In the Horse Department (Exhibition) the premiums Ladies should exhibit their choicest needlework and em- amount to $3,420, of which the sum of $200 is offered for broidery. Shetland and other ponies, and $500 for Mules, Jacks and This is the great preserving and canning time. Get ready Jennets. Nine Gold Medals, Champion Cup value of $100; ladies, your preserves, jellies, pickles and jars of fruit and Diplomas and reserve ribbons are offered for Percheron vegetables. Show what Virginia can do in this line, and Horses by the Percheron Society of America; and a Cash get the handsome cash premiums and beautiful ribbons. Premium of $100 for the best Saddle Stallion or Mare by ART WORK, paintings, drawings, etchings, sketches, etc., the American Saddle Horse Breeders' Association. (For De- are desired, and all exhibits will be well displayed and tails of all special premiums see Premium List,) cared for. Bread and cakes, pies, biscuits, Sally Lunn, and every EXHIBITS OF FARM IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. toothsome thing will be acceptable. These are wanted and ample provision has been made for the same. LIVE STOCK SALE. Farmers and Stock Raisers of Virginia: Don't forget the DAIRY PRODUCTS (Butter and Cheese) liberally provided Live Stock Sale to be given during the Fair in the Live for. Stock Pavilion. Write the General Manager for particulars.

GRAND TOTAL OF $35,000 IN PREMIUMS. More than two-thirds being for Exhibitors' Horses, Cattle, Sheep Swine, Poultry, Farm Products, etc. The Speed Program for Harness and Running Races will be sent to all applicants. For all information as to Time of Closing Entries, Transportation Arrangements, and the Rules and Regulations of tire Fair, consult Premium List. For copies of the Premium List and any particulars desired, address, MARK R. LLOYD, General Manager, Richmond. Va. Or call at the Office of the Virginia State Fair. No. 819 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. 758 THE SOUTHERN' PLANTEK. [August,

Dr. Curry was a man of many noble and varied gifts, and of great versa- HAS THE "EVERLASTING" TANK OFFER APPEALED TO VOU? tility. In the course of his life, he filled many offices and filled them all We call it the "Everlasting" Taak because we use only a special an- ably and faithfully. By turns, he played alysis of Genuine Ingot Corrugated Iron in its construction. These a conspicuous part in educational, poU Tanks are taking the place of Plain Tanks every day and, while stronger tical and religious affairs, adding auth- in every way, they cost only a trifle more. orship, moreover, to his other avoca- "Everlasting" Tanks always stand up well under the severest usage. tions, but he will I believe, be known They are being adopted by successful farmers everywhere! and revered by posterity chiefly as Write To-day for Sizes and Prices. a great and earnest educator. He was born in Georgia, but became a citizen of Alabama in early life. He represented the latter State in the Federal and afterwards in the Confederate Congress. He became a minister of the Gospel and afterwards a college professor, and since the war he represented the United States acceptably at the Court of Spain. He made such a favorable impression that he was sent there again, as repre- WELL INVESTIGATING— CORRUGATED METAL, CULVERTS. sentative of our government at the WORTH coronation of the young king. In this They are simple, convenient, strong and durable and their low price connection I may mention that one of makes them practical in every sense of the word. They: Dr. Curry's historical works was on Cost little originally. "The Government and Constitutional -Are light and easy to install. History of Spain." -Do not break in handling. was trustee of the He Peabody fund -Are not affected by extreme heat or cold. and the Slater fund for promotlug -Do not fall down at outlet. education in the South and his wise -Require no continual repairing. counsels contributed no little the to -Are not washed out or injured by floods. judicious management of these funds. -Are ready for immediate service. Few men have been generally so be- -Are made of Special Ingot Iron, double galvanized. loved and esteemed, by all parties, -Will not rust out. classes and sections. He died in Feb. Manufactured Under Letters Patent No. 559,642. 190'3, and his death brought a distinct sense of loss, not only to the South, Illustrated Catalogue Upon Request. but to the whole country, for his usefulness, his popularity and his fame were not limited to one section, but were national. He was a well-balanced, broad-minded, thoroughly well informed man whose moral and intel- lectual natures were both on a very high plane. Texas claimed the honor of putting in the first memorial window in his honor in the Houston Normal Insti- Correspondence invited for information address: tute, bearing the following inscription — after his name, and the date of his birth and death: VIRGINIA METAL CULVERT COMPANY, "Soldier, Author, Statesman, Edu- Manufacturers. cator. Great in intellect. Great in character. Great in service." 1701-1715 E. Cary St. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. FATAL QUESTIONING. Judge.—"Have you been arrested before?" — NO HAMMER TO HAMMER Prisoner.— "No sir." FREE OFTHIS Judge. "Have you been in this SHOT GUN court before?" Prisoner.—"No, sir." Judge.—"Are you sure?" SIX SHOTS IN FOUR SECONDS — No unsightly and unsale hammer to catch on the clothing or cause premature Prisoner. "I am, sir." discharge if the gun falls. No opening to catch dirt, twigs, rain or snow. Ham- — merless and covered mechanism. Those are the features. Send today for catalog. Judge "Your face looks decidedly uxs 0. THE UWI0N FIR £ ARMS co - 2Sg Aubumdale, Toledo, familiar. Where have I seen it be- ANl7nTOTUTu'yilTm,s fore?" Prisoner.—"I'm the bartender in the saloon across the way, sir."—Harper's Running Weekly. A Water Supply Plant that takes care of Itself—furnishes Its own power—requires no attention or repairs—that is what you DIET UVnDAIII ip DAM Raises water so feet for everv in a llir I fl/*m fall 1908. C K UnAULIU footof from any nearby Lee Co., Va., Mar. 19, stream, spring or pond. Any capacity for all Home and Farm uses. Irriga- tion. Town Plants, Railroad Tanks, etc. Low in cost, high in efficiency. We cannot do without the South Satisfaction Guaranteed. Flans, Estimates and Book FREE. ern Planter. RIFE ENGINE CO., 2113 Trinity Bldg.. New York McNIEL & QUILLEN. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 759 1 THE "new wa gasoline engine I AI r c o o1 b d" l A OASOLINE ENOINE DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE FARMER RELIABLE—COMPACT—LIGHT I WADE IN THREE SIZES, 3%, 7 H. P., ABSOLUTELY GUARANTEED TO RUN ALL DAY WITHOUT OVERHEATING 2Jtf, I

7 H. P. "New Way" Ready for work, weight 7uuios. can ue easily handled with one horse- No Bulky Water Tank To Handle No Water Supply to Look After No Freezing in Winter 3% and 2^11. P. Keauj cut work Weight 440 lbs

2 TO 500 H. P 1

f i

2 TO 500 H. P.

Stationary, Portable, Ready for

Mounting, Special Electric, Pumping, Hoisting, and

Special Outfits. Complete i Producer Gas Plants, Complete Electric

Light Plants, Etc. Foos Portable Engine.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE SHOWING COMPLETE OUTFITS OF PUMPS, SPRAYERS, ETC. STOCKDELL=MYERS HARDWARE CO. I PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, HEADQUARTERS FOR MACHINERY OF ALL KINDS. i STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, FARQUAR THRESHING MACHINES. "ECONOMY" SILOS, DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS, FEED CUTTERS, CORN HUSKERS, FEED MILLS, ''KOG'ER" PEA AND BEAN THRESHERS.

4M««MIMVMi »— +^h.erm +0f^m +*^u +0**m *&+ '

760 THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. [August,

NOTICE! Farmers' Institute, Richmond, August 4th.

We have arranged to exhibit on our floor during- the sitting of the Institute, the very latest development in Gasoline Engines for the farm. Something you have not seen before. It will be richly worth your while. Incidentally we will also exhibit Clark's Double Action. Cutaway Disc Harrows, the very best land preparer

made. j ,__ _ _J_i ._ ^ ASHTON STARKE, 1422 East Main Street, Richmond, Va.

WASHINGTON NOTES. Roosevelt Fights Hydrophobia. The District of Columbia is coming to be a sort of model for the country GASOLINE ENGINES at large in the matter of many trials of new plans, regulations and laws. Particularly during the present ad- WINDMILLS AND TANKS ministration the President has exerted his influence, sometimes successfully, PUMPS AND RAMS sometimes not, to "try on" new ideas in Washington, as much, apparently, SAW MILLS AND SAWS for the purpose of establishing a pre- cedent and making a beginning as for actually improving the local con- IRON AND WIRE FENCE ditions. Thus the Child labor law, applicable to the District of Columbia, ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS was forced through Congress, largely by Presidential pressure. The Depart- Water Supply and Plumbing Systems Installed. ment of Agriculture has worked out with the President's active support, what it is hoped will prove ideal sani- No Charge For Information tary milk regulations and the latest thing is an order requiring the muzzling of all dogs in an effort to eradi- cate hydrophobia. Not so successful SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO.. Inc.. was the White House recently, in an attempt to secure a jail sentence, instead of a fine, for the first conviction Deot., B Richmond. Va. under violation of the Pure food law. A president of a bank and proprietor of a patent medicine was convicted under the law, and the President wrote a letter to the District Attorney Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R.R* asking him to secure if possible, a prison sentence which would show the country generally that the Pure food and law was not to be trifled with. The District Attorney tried but the Judge Washington Southern Railway* didn't see it that way and let the of- fender off with a fine. Ever country was shocked TECH DOtrBUB-TRACK since the IiUfK. TUB GATBWAT at the terrible death by hydrophobia Connecting the of W. M. Marsh, the prominent Brook- between the lyn manufacturer, Washington has Atlantic Ooaat lii« Railroad, agitated over the prevalence of WORTH AJTD SOUTH. been Baltimore St Ohio Rail- this disease among its dogs and a bit- road* FAST MAIL, ter controversy has progressed over Chesapeake dt Ohio Rail- way, dog muzzling. A good many children Pennsylvania Railroad, PASSXX&BR, have been bitten by dogs, and the Seaboard Air I4ne Rail- brains of the latter examined by the way, RXPRBSI AJfTJ Department of Agriculture have shown Southern Railway Between All Points via FREIGHT ROI the germs of the dread disease. At- Richmond, Va~ and tacks by mad dogs became so numer- Washington, D. O. ous that Secretary Wilson, Chief A. M- TAYLOR, TraT. Pan*. D. Melvin of the Bureau of animal in- W. P. TATLOR, Trame Manager. W. dustry, and Dr. John Mohler, chief of 1008.] THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 761 STATE FAIR LYNCHBURG, VA. Sept. 29th and 30th; Oct. 1st and 2nd. 4 Days and 3 Nights. COMPETITION OPEN TO THE WORLD. $11,000 ELEVEN THOUSAND DOLLARS $11,000 Offered tor Race Purses, and Premiums for Live Stock, Poultry, Farm and Garden Products, Domestic Science, Ladies' Work and Children's Department. PAID EXPERT JUDGES ARE EMPLOYED TO HAKE AWARDS. STROBEL'S PRIZE WINNING AIR SHIP WILL MAKE TWO DAILY FLIGHTS AND ONE AT NIGHT AND WILL BE ON EXHIBITION. A TROUPE OF JAPANESE ACROBATS, TRAINED WILD ANIMALS AND OTHER FREE ATTRACTIONS. SIDE SHOWS FROM ALL SECTIONS. ON TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY NIGHTS THE Finest Displays of Fireworks in the South.

Midway, and Buildings Illuminated, Bands of Music, day and night. No gambling, bar-rooms or questionable shows are ever allowed. The best order prevails and it is the annual custom for families to spend the day at the fair. Four railroads to the city and two street car lines to the fair grounds.. For premium Lists or information, address FRANK A. LOVELOCK, Secretary, Lynchburg, Va. BttS3^33BBCagESSSS5SSBSSSaXB:^S^SSB^BttS3SBBBSi 4*EVERYTHING USED ON THE FARM.tt

Farming Machinery, Vehicles, Harness.

A Few Seasonable Implements: "ONTARIO" AND "PENNSYLVANIA GRAIN DRILLS. WILDER-STRONG "WlIIRLv. IND" SILO FILLER. "SWISS" FODDER AND FEED CUTTERS. "3IeVICKER' GASOLINE ENGINES. "NEW HOLLAND" AND "PEERLESS" FEED GRINDERS. HORSE POWERS AND CORN AND COB GRINDERS COMBINED. "THORNHILL" AND TENNESSEE" FARM WAGONS. "ANDERSON" BUGGIES, SURREYS, AND RUNABOUTS. CORN BINDERS, TWINE AND OIL. WOOD SAWING OUTFITS. Write for Circular and Prices on Anything Needed.

W. K. BACHE, SONS & MULFORD.

Greatest Capacity. 1 406 East Main Street, Richmond, Va, Least Power. S to 10 Tons. W. K. BACHE. S. S. MULFORD. HARDIN K. BACHE. CYRUS McC. BACHE. Green Corn Per Hour.

' i ^ » » i «ii KS ^1>VlnwpfW * ww n mp v^nii v^»w>^" i' *fl Pgg^g* —;

762 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. "August,

NOTICE! Farmers' Institute, Richmond, August 4th.

We have arranged to exhibit on our floor during- the sitting of the Institute, the very latest development in Gasoline Engines for the farm. Something you have not seen before. It will be richly worth your while. Incidentally we will also exhibit Clark's Double Action, Cutaway Disc Harrows, the very best land preparer made. ASHTOro STARKE, 1422 East Main Street, Richmond, Virginia.

the Division of Pathology, took a vigorous stand in favor of muzzling all AMERICANSAW MILLS dogs in the District. President Takes a Hand. RELIABLE FRICTION FEED The District Commissioners, sup- ported by a faction which protested Ratchet Set Works, Quick Raceder, Duplex against having dogs inconvenienced by muzzling, held out against this Steel Dogs. Strong, protective measure, until the Presi- ACCURATE AND RELIABLE dent, himself a lover of animals as Best material and everyone knows, concluded the row workmanship, light had gone about far enough and ad- running; requires little power; simple, dressed a note to the three Commis- easy to handle; sioners (who govern the city in .place won't get out of mayor) inquiring their reasons order. of a BELT FEED MILLS for not issuing a muzzling order and in all sizes. suggesting that he would like to see such an order issued that afternoon. Log Bean Carriages can be furnished with any of our mills. No. 1. Warrantee to cut 2,000 feet per day with 6 H. P. engine. Seven This ended the controversy and the other sizes made. Also Edgers. Trimmers,, Shingle Machines, Lath Mills, Rip order was issued at once. end Cut-Off Saws, Drag Saws, Cordwood Saws and Feed Mills. Catalogue sent The contention of the Department free. "Rowe, Mass., October 24, 1905.— I have a No. 1 American Saw Mill and of Agriculture is that hydrophobia or send you an order fox another just like it. I run it with my 8 H. P. portable rabies is a most terrible and danger- gasoline engine; have sawed 5,000 feet of lumbr in ten hours with it without ous disease, communicated to both any trouble. I use a 48-inch saw. Yours truly, BRADLEY C. NEWELL. man and beasts and that unless re- AMERICAN SAW MILL, MACHINERY CO., 137 Hope St., Hackettstown, N. J. pressive measures are taken it will OUR AGENTS.—Watt Plow Company, Richmond, Va.; R. P. Johnson, grow to an alarming extent. It is Wytheville, Va. ; Hyman Suppl Company, New Berne and Wilmington, N. C. communicable to any animal and a Gibbes Machinery Company, Columbia, S. C. bite from a horse suffering with the disease is as deadly as that from a dog or cat. Muzzling, however, is an effective eradicator. Doctor Mohler, who is probably one of the best in- Virginia Sanatorium for Consumptives formed experts on the subject in the country, has made a strenuous fight IRONVILLE, BEDFORD COUNTY, VIRGINIA. to secure the muzzling order and it was his and Secretary Wilson's argu- la the Bine Ridge, Elevation 1400 Feet. On the N. & W. Ry„ 12 Mllci East ment which led the President to take of Roanoke. a hand in the matter. An eleemosynary Institution furnishing the modern hygienic-dietetic Stamped Out in Europe. treatment at cost or less, according to means of patient and institution. "Hydrophobia can be stamped out Maximum rate. Including all essentials, $10 per week. in Washington and in the entire medical records, etc., address United States," said Doctor Mohler. For full particulars, In Holland, in 1875, rabies was quite prevalent and dog muzzling was es- D W. R. READ. Secty. MARCUS JUNGER, M. D., Medical Supt tablished. The disease immediately began to disappear and in 1879 only three cases were reported, since which time the country has been free from the disease, except along the Belgian border.. A COW-PEA THRESHER AT LAST!!!! Cattle Loss, $63,250,000 Yearly. A machine that wil thresh the Southern Cow Pea from mown vines any variety Soy beans, fleld beans and the Canada field peas, in a fast, It is the consensus of opinion among satisfactory way, not breaking over one to two per cent. Catalogue free. experts that one of the chief reasons KOGER PEA AND BEAN THRESHER COMPANY, for the high price of dressed meats MORRISTOWN, TENN. 1908.] THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 763

is the fact that cattle are not increas- tiguous to the quarantine line, the ob- co-operate or refuse to assist in the ing fast enough to meet the demands ject being to push the line further work. of the meat-eaters. While it may not South from year to year; but encour- - It is the opinion of the officials of be possible to force an increased rais- agement is given to local work in the Department of Agriculture that ing of cattle among the stock-growers any part of the quarantined district with such an outlook for eradication, of the country, the Agricultural De- in the assurance that when any con- it is reasonably safe to presume that partment is doing what it can to rem- siderable area is rendered tick free it the next decade will see the end of edy the deficiency, through eradicating will be released from quarantine. the fever-tick. This not only would disease and destroying the fever ticks' Various methods for extermination wipe out the loss of $63,250,000 annu- the little plagues that have been re- of the ticks have been adopted, in- ally, but with the natural increase, sponsible for a loss of $40,000,000 worth cluding transferring the cattle from the profit, as a result of the elimina- of cattle annually in tne State of Tex- pasture to pasture at suitable inter- tion of the ticks, soon would reach as alone, and $23,000,000 loss in other vals, and dipping, spraying, and hand $100,000,000 a year. parts of the South, making a reduc- dressing the cattle with oil and oil The Agricultural Department Bu- tion in the cattle supply of the na- emulsion. In sections where there reau of Statistics estimates that from tion of $63,250,000 a year. are large herds and large ranches, 81 to 83 per cent, of the corn crop is Within two years, with an appro- dipping on a large scale is practiced, now used for feeding purposes in the priation for the fiscal year of $250,- either alone or in connection with United States; but that 80 per cent, 000, and a like sum appropriated by pasture rotation, while in other sec- of it is shipped out of the countries the States in the affected districts, an tions, where the cattle on some farms in which it is grown. If these lat- area of about 56,000 square miles, or frequently consist of a cow or an ox ter figures are correct, there is room almost the size of the State of Geor- team, hand dressing with oil is found for wide improvement in farm man- gia, has been freed from the ticks. to be the only practicable method. agement, home feeding and keeping Last year work was done to a greater the fertility SUCCESS POSSIBLE. on the farm. extent in the States of Virginia, North June 1, Chicago wheat was $1.07 a this loss is the Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, To wipe out heavy bushel .against .98, June 1, 1907; corn Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mis- object of the work now under way, was .71, against .5^ last year, and souri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and the results already accomplished oats .52, against .42 a year ago. Texas, and California, and it is pro- leave no doubt that success is possi- posed to continue in the same States ble, though a number of years will Montgomery Co., Va., Mar 12, 1908. with the addition of a small portion be required for the completion of the The Southern Planter is well worth of Mississippi. undertaking. Much depends upon the the dollar each year. Some numbers Most of the work has been and will cattle owners, who can either hasten are worth it. continue to be done in sections con- or retard progress according as they WM. W. CARR.

GRANDEE. C. E. Worsham. R. A. Carter. Handsome pair of Welsh pony mares, four-year-olds, closely matched, Registered French Stallion, B. C. Brlstow. fine Coach drivers, well mannered, tractable and chestnut horse. 16.1 handa, weight kind. Both have foals at side by one of 1.100 pounds. Blue ribbon winner Vir- THE BRISTOW-WORSHAM CO. the handsomest Shetland stallions in ginia State Fair at Richmond, 1906 [Incorporated] Virginia. Also nice trap with pole and and 1907. double harness. W. J. Carter, 1105 E. FEE—$12 TO INSURE. Manufacturers and Dealers in Cary St., Richmond, Va. Address CARL. H. NOLTING, BUGGIES, RUNABOUTS, WAGONS Trevtllan, Louisa County, Va. TRUCKS, DRAYS AND EVERY- PRESUE ISLE, 26288. THING IN VEHICLES. Record 2:29%, Trotting. RED DILLON, 38696. Bay horse, Office and Salesroom, 1417 E. Main St., 16.1 hands; weight 1250 pounds. Bay horse, foaled 1902, height 1S.3 RICHMOND, VA. Sired by Norfolk, 3670, dam hands, weight 1.200 pounds. Sired by Mambrino, by Mambrino King, 1279. Baron Dillon, 2:12; dam, Zlnda Lake, Agents for Milbnrn and 'White Hickory Fee: $10 season. $15 insurance. Ad- by Red Lake, 2:16%, sire of Lake Farm Wagons. dress. Queen, 2:06%. For terms address J. E. WINGFIELD, JOHN B. VAUGHAN, Esmont, Albemarle Co., Va. Ashland, Va. CAN CANCER BE CURED? HACKNEY STALLION. IT CAN. 1908 IN THE STUD. 1908 PATRICK HENRY. We want every man and woman AT THE GROVE FARM Chestnut horse by "Squire Rlckel," in the United States to know what THE GENERAL II. son of the famous Cadet; dam, "Mar- we are doing—we are curing Can- Jorle," a gold medal winner by "Rose- cers, Tumors and Chronic Sores IMPORTED HACKNEY STALLION. berry." without the use of the knife or by A magnificent chestnut horse, over A POLLARD A SONS, X-Ray, and are endorsed by the 15:2 hands in height; weight 1250 pounds. has superb conformation, Legislature of Virginia. He R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va. Senate and with grand action and perfect manners. Dunraven Stock Farm, We Guarantee Our Cures. This grand looking horse was imported by H. K. Bloodgood, the noted hack- KELLAM HOSPITAL ney breeder, of Massachusetts, espec- DUVEEN 1615 West Main St., Richmond, Va. ially for use in his stud. The General Registered, see Vol. XVIII, American FRED C. KELLAM, President. and some of his get, which are very fine specimens, are open for inspection Trotting Register. at The Grove Farm and we think will H. G. Carter. H. G. Carter. Bay horse, foaled 1906, by Kelly, satisfj' the most critical. 2:27, son of Electioneer and Esther, by Fee for the fall season of 1908, $15; Express; dam Maggie Johnston, by H. Q. CARTER & CO., single leap $10, due at time of service. "Wiliam O. Watklns. Kelly is a full For further information address the brother to Expressive, 2:12% an dhas Successors to owners, sired 2:16 1 Mont- McChesney, /4; Lucy F. H. DEANE & CO. T. O. Sandy, Dr. John Young or Dr. J. rose, 2:23%, etc. Ferneyhougli, Dealers In G. Fee: $10 season. VILLE, VA. Address, HAY, ORAIN, MILL-PEED BURKE for sale at at- R. ELLYSON EWELL, Owner. NOTE: We are offering AND FLOUR. tractive prices, two young hackney 403 Monteiro Ave., Barton Heights, 1105 East Cary Street, stallions, one and two years old, both Richmond, Va. RICHMOND, VA. registered and splendid individuals. 764 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August,

REPORTS. Bulletin 127. Miscellaneous green- Bull. 102. Texas Honey Plants- house notes. Bull. 103. Forage Crops in North United States Department of Agricul- Bulletin 128. The effect of animal di- West Texas. ture, Washington, D. C. Bureau of gestion and fermentation of ma- Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks- Biological Survey. Circular 32. Di- nure on the vitality of seeds. burg, Va. Circular No. 1. Sugar rections for the destruction of New Mexico Experiment Station. Ag- Beets in Virginia. prairie dogs. ricultural College, N. M. Bulletin Virginia Department of Agriculture Bureau of Chemisty. Circular 39. and Immigration, Richmond. 66. The range problem in New Va. acid and benzoates, their Benzoic Mexico. Dairy and Food Division. Circular influence on digestion and health. No- 1. Regulations as to Manu- Bulletin 67. Chile culture. Office Experiment Stations. Ex- facture, sale and inspection of of Oregon State Dairy Association. Con- periment Station record, Vol. XIX, food and dairy products. vention, Portland, Ore. W. L. Cris- No. 10. Bulletin. Analysis of Fertilizers. sey, Sec'y- Treas. Portland, Ore. Farmers' Bulletin 246. Saccharine April, 1908. Report of the 1907 Convention. Sorghum for forage. Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, Rhode Island Experiment Station, Farmers' Bulletin 322. Milo as a dry Va. Report for May, 1908. Kingston, R. I. Bull 126. Feeding Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks- land crop. Experiments with Chickens, Cock- pota- burg, Va. Bulletin 176. Hog feed- Farmers' Bulletin 324. Sweet erels and Turkeys. toes. ing. Rhode Island Experiment Station. Bureau of Agriculture. Dept. of the Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, Kingston, R. I. Bulletin 127. Some for June, 1908. Interior, Manilla, P. I. The Philip- Va. Report recent feeding experiments. pine agricultural review. Vol.1, West Virginia Experiment Station, South Carolina Experiment Station. Morgantown, W. Va. Bulletin 117. No. 3. Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat- Clemson College, S. C. Bull. 136- Tomato notes. Manufacture of Starch from tan, Kas. Bulletin 153. Deteriora- The West Virginia State Board of Agri- Sweet Potatoes. tion of red Texas oats in Kansas. culture. Charlestown, W. V., Re- Bulletin 154. The mound building South Dakota Experiment Station, port of the Board for quarter prairie ant. Brookings, So. Dak. Bulletin 105. June 30, 1908. Forestry. Press Bulletin. Russian Seed wheat. Stock food for pigs. West Virginia State Board of Agri- Kentucky Experiment Station, Lexing- Bulletin 106. Sugar beets in South culture, Charleston, W. Va. Re- port of the Board for Quarter ton, Ky. Bulletin 132. Commercial Dakota. Ending, March 30, 190'8. Fertilizer. Bulletin 107. Sheep scab. Bulletin 133. Spraying apple trees. Bulletin 108. New hybrid fruits. West India Department of Agriculture. Apple orchard pests in Kentucky. Texas Experiment Station. College Barbadoes, W. I. West Indian Maryland Experiment Station, College Station, Tex. Bull. 99. The Compo- Bulletin Vol IV. No. 1. Park, Md. Bulletin 126. Manuring sition and Properties of Some Wisconsin Experiment Station, Mad- and fertilizing truck crops. Texas Soil. ison, Wis. Bull. 158- The Grade

Implements, Machinery, Vehicles.

Wind-Rower for Pea Crop, at- tachable to any make of Mower. Saves Cost Daily.

Fairbanks-Morse Gasoline and Kerosene Engines, Wind- Mills, Towers, Tanks, New Holland Corn and Cob Mills, Wood Saws, Owensboro ana Buckeye Farm Wagons, Hick- ory and Peters Buggies and Carriages, Bissel and Genuine Dixie Plows and Repairs, J. I. Case Portable and Traction Engines, Separators.

Artesian Wells and Complete Water Works installed anywhere.. State requirements, and we 'will submit estimates. ©pairs For AM Farm Machinery. POSTAL VS FOR CATALOGUES OR ANY INFORMATION DESIRED. F. C. HOENNIGER & BRO., INC. 1432 East Main Street Richmond, Va 8ecy.) (F. C. Hoennlger, Pre*. & Tree.; T. W. Hoenniger, V.-Pre«. 4 Mgr.; I_ O. Boone, 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 765 Ellis Champion Grain, Peanut and Cow Pea Thresher, maniUFacTURED by Ellis Keystone agricultural Works, Pottstown, Pa.

WE MAKE FOUR SIZES OF Grain and Peanut Threshers and Gleaners NOS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, FOR EITHER STEAM, LEVEfS OR TREAD POWER, U of whl are guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Our THRESHERS and „ * * ., ?£ CLEANERS have been thor- ^ tsstea throughout the United States, 2>^fA

Stallion Situation in Wisconsin. Bull. 162. Rusty Cans and Their Ef- fect Upon Milk for Cheesemaking. 8 Wyoming Experiment Station, Lara- TREES. mie, Wyo. Bull 76. Wyoming For- age Plants and Their Composi- tion. First Class Nursery Stock Catalogue of the School of Agricul- ture and Experiment Station of of all kinds. Pennsylvania State College, April, 1908. State College, Pa. We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders, University of Virginia Record- Sum- ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. mer School, July 18 to July 31, 1908. Apples, Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees, Institute and State Agricultural Peaeh, Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens, and Mechanical College Catalogue Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits, Koaes, Etc. April, 1908. Blacksburg, Va. Apricots,

Smyth Co., Va., Feb. 14, 1908. SALIFORNIA PRIVIT, ler Hedging. WRITE FOR BATALOOUa.

I consider the Southern Ranter the . . AGENTS WANTED. best farm journal in the South. FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, Md. T. B. RECTOR. :<*,<*<<<«<*<<•

Shenandoah Co., Va., Feb. 14, 1908. 'The Carlsbad of America" Through the Southern Planter you TATE SPRING have done and are doing a grand work Offers unusual attractions to the health Agriculture. I am a for Southern and pleasure seeker. Hotel thoroughly subscriber to quite a number of agri- modern, elegantly furnished rooms cultural papers but yours is the one en suite with private baths, electric lights, steam heat. Excellent golf I wish you abundant indispensible. course; grassy lawns. Scenery unsur- success in your noble work. passed—unlimited outdoor attractions. R. L. CAMPBELL. Easily accessible from principal cities. TATE SPRING WATER For indigestion, dyspepsia and all has 1908 other stomach troubles, this water Stafford Co., Va., Feb. 15, been famous for more than half a cen- most eminent physicians, and thousands of leading We appreciate the Southern Planter tury. Endorsed by the citizens. Water shipped thoroughly sealed to all parts of the United States. very much and think it very fine. Write for handsome booklet, giving full information regarding hotel and F. D. MONCURE. water, letters of endorsement, analysis, etc. Address THOMAS TOMLINSON. Owner. Tote Spring, Tenn.

Loudoun Co., Va., Feb. 14th, 1908 1908. Roanoke Co., Va., Mar. 9, 1908. I read the Southern Planter with a Chesterfield Co., Va., Mar. 9, without the great deal of interst and profit, The Southern Planter has been a I cannot afford to be Southern Planter. every farmer should have it. great benefit to me. ST. J. JONES. J. R. F. BURROUGHS. MONROE GAR [August, 76f> THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

LEADING 1908 UP-TO-DATE LABOR SAVING 20TH CENTURY MACHINERY.

SCIENTIFIC STEEL CORN HAR- Kemp's Twentieth Century Improved VETER. The best Harvester on earth Manure Spreader. Made in five sizes. for standing corn. Write for special Catalogue and prices. Safety Seats. Safety Shafts.

OLIVER SULKY PLOW NO. 11. Light, durable and effective. Simpl and novel device for turning. PloW' the most difficult soils and does it wei Can be used with or without tong* Depth easily regulated. Turns squs* corners without lifting out of grouM Made in both right and left hand. Th 11 Sulky Plow can be fitted WW Patented Jan. 5, 19U4. No. either the No. 20 or 40 regular st« American •'Fontaine" Shock 1 Special Prices given on Studebaker and beam plow. Write for circulars an . . . Binder. Brown, Wagons, Buggies and Carts. prices on Riding and Gang Plows. This binder is a windlass, strong and simple, weighing only three pounds, and will last a lifetime. One pound pressure on the handle pulls sixteen on the rope, so that one man with it can easily apply a pressure of over 500 pounds, thereby compressing a shock at the top so tightly that it will not fall or be blown down, and will not be injured by getting wet inside ANTI-DIRT BULK PAIL. when it rains Both ends of the rope are First. It prevents dirt, hair and drawn by this binder so that the shock is com- other substances from dropping into All the mercha™ pressed evenly without being pulled over to one DON'T FORGET! sell Oliver ChiM side. the milk while milking. in town who claim to Repairs only sell the i™« Second. It strains the milk twice Plows and tion, bogus cheap goods. The oH through two fine strainers while milk- store in Richmond, Va., to buy GenuBI ing. Oliver Plows and Repairs is at HEB DflQQ SILO FILLING ING & NUCKOLS. KUwOm MACHINERY W»tn BLOWER and Traveling FEED TABU

BROWN Steel Lever Harrows, Wood Harrows, Case-Ring Bearing Disc Harrows, Spring Tooth Harrows. All

Made in sizes to suit all wants from sizes, plain or with levers. Acme Har- 5 to 15 Horse Power Engine. Sold on their own merits. Pay for same after rows of all styles kept in stock at tried and satisfied. Write for catalogue. lowest net prices. Largest Capacity and Strongest Built. SUPERIOR GRAIN DRILLS General Catalogue We mail our and Fertilizer, Hoe and Eli horse and steam power hay bal- Plain Drills. All sizes. ers. Write for catalogue and prices. promptly on request.

HENING & NUCKOLS, 1436-38 E. Main St., Richmond, Vs IMPLEMENTS, VEHICLES AND MACHINERY THE WATT PLOW CO., Richmond, Va.

Root &'< Vandervoort

& Alamo Gasolene

Engines from 2 to 25

Horse Power. Write

for circular telling of Fish, Moline & Weber 2-Horse

their many good Wagons . Champion & Hickory points. 1-Horse Wagons.

Hocking Valley Smalley Horse Powers Cider Mills for 2, 4 or 6 3 Sizes. Horses.

Buckeye Comb ine d Columbus Grain and Wrenn, Con- F er tilize r tinental and Drill with John Deere Grass Seed Buggies and Attachment. Surreys

Success Manure Spreader. Baling Presses for Hand and Power.

THE WATT PLOW CO., RICHMOND, VA.

J 426 East Main Street. 1438 East Franklin Street. Merchandise *• Sheriffs' ™* Receivers' Sales — J 50 to 50 Per Cent Saved on Staple Merchandise Wi OUR WONDERFUL 1908 OFFER Wrecking prices are known goods inthe regular way, but as bargain prices. The most take ad .-ant age of various wonderful bargain offering sales to secure bargains. Our ever advertised. Such an mammoth plant is the lar- opportunity seldom occurs. gest in the world devoted to The very best manufactured the sale of general stocks. articles are being offered at Wrecking Co. Chicago House Over 35 acres literally lets than original cost of production. We do not buy our covered with merchandise. You Must Buy at These Astonishingly low Prices. Don't Wait Until it is too Late. Send Us Your' Order Today

are brand Special Furniture new, best quality manufactured. Made with LUMBER I LUMBER I cast iron stand and wrought iron screw Catalog having deep cnt thread. Send Us Your Lumber Bill For Our Estimate FREE. 10 Ton Jack Screw 9 .96 The Chicago Mouse Wrecking Company offers the most wonderful oppor- We are constantly purchasing at Sheriffs 1.21 tunity ever heard of to furnish you lumber and building supplies of every kind at prices and Receivers' Sales complete stocks of 1.42 that will save you big money. Such an opportunity as this seldom occurs. "We have high grade, brand new, up-to-date Furni- 1.90 lumber for your houBe, church, barn, meetinghouse, cribs, stores, factories and in fact ture, Carpets, Bugs and Linoleum. "We can save you from 2.52 buildings of every kind. We can furnish absolutely everything required in construction 30 to 60 per cent. Good Lin- House Raising Jacks, each 1.66 material. Have your carpenter or builder make up a complete list of everything that oleum at 30c per sq. yd. Bugs from $1.50 Maple Boilers, each .2 you may require, including Lumber, Sash, Doors, Nails, Eoofing, Siding, Ceiling and up. 'Bedroom Furniture, Office Fixtures Store Fixtures, etc. Single Tackle Blocks every skigle article. Send it to us at once, tell ub where you have seen this advertiBe- We can furnish every " for Double *' meofcand we will make a proposition that will be a saving of from 30 to 60 percent. thing needed the home or the office. " customers have bought Send us list of yoar requirements or ask ) Triple g 63 This is not an idle statement. Thousands of satisfied lumber for our Special Furniture Catalog. ^^^indflHonB^movin^equiprnent from oi in the past. We guarantee absolute satisfaction. We_ jeqnjrjB_y_g^r_ggod_will Conductor Pipe, 31 -2c per ft PORTABLE FORGE, $4.75 1-INCH PIPE, Per Foot 3 l-2c FIELD FENCING, 20c per rod Lever motion; with extra Galvanized graduated diamond mesh field heay pipe legs; stands 30 in- fencing, 22 in. high, per rod 20c rod high; 8 in, fan. Larger forges 36 in., per 35c Square mesh fencing at the same prices Brand new galvanized. 2 in. per ft. 31 -2c like illustration from $6.35 to Overhauled pipe, complete with screwed Heavy 2-in. mesh, hexagon galvanized in. per ft. Other proportion $14.50. We guarantee our 3 4c. sizes in ends and threaded couplings: fencing, suitable for every purpose, made Eave Trough, per ft. 3c and up. Elbows. forges equal or superiorto 1 inch, per foot 31^, of No 16 wire, 150 lineal feet 24 in. Eave Trough Corners, Hangers, *Iooks and anything on the market 1*4 inch 4*2C 1*2 inch wide, per bale S2> everything in Down-spouting, Troughs Write for our full list. BH>- Eave Overhauled well casing, Galvanized poultry netting, 2-in. mesh and Fittings. Brand new galvanized Kidge Blacksmiths' sledges, with couplings 5c complete, good as new: 150 lineal feet to the bale; 12 in. Boll, per ft. 4c and up. Hoofer's Snips unhandled, per lb., 3 1 4 inch 6c 2 34 inch..... wide, per bale 60c 28c each. Hoofing tools of all sorts. Hot and Cold Chisels, 9c per lb. 10c HORSESHOES, $3.75 Per Keg Guaranteed Paint 85c Ca l. Enameled Kitchen Sinks, $ 1 .00 ENAMELED TUBS, $6.00 paint. Not thej blue 16x24 "Weoffer 2,000 kegsof brandnew, A paint that is a N«w enameled, Brand new steel best materi Irst-class, celebrated "Eagle" cheap kind. Made of with nickel-plated strain- tubs, with enamel in pure linseed oil er, enameled inside 1 horseshoes at S3. 75 als. Ground and baked on, 5 ft. long. by our five outside, price per keg when ordered in lots Every gallon backed $1.00 Handsome white year binding guarantee. Yoa ran Cast-iron flat rim white enameled, seamless of 5 kegs at onetime; in 1 "Premier* 18x30 smaller quantities, no risk in using our porcelain enameled kitchen sinks, size cast-iron, roll rim Price S4.00 Band Faints. 1 gal. cans, 98c gal. with nickel-plated strainer 61.76 bath-tubs.,616.26 95c gal. We can furnish sizes from 5 gal. Bucket, Half bbl. Handsome high back, one-piece, white Low-down water (25gal.)88egal. Bbls. (50 gal.) No. to No. 7, either mixed enameled cast-iron seamless kitchen closet outfits free color kind to a keg. 86c gal.Send for card and estimate. sinks $ 1 1 .00 Beautiful Marbie "Washstands 9.00

Rubberized - Gab Roofing, MANILA ROPE BARGAINS. WIND MILL LIFT PUMPS GALV. STEEL TANKS, $2.00 $1.26 persq. Easytoputon. Re- Good Manila Eope, slight- Double acting, 3-Way pnmps..$6.20 Weigh less and twice quires no previous experience. Can ly used, all sizes, °& in., Hand-force pumps 3.95 as practical as wooden be put on over shingles without ?UBBERIZE|j tanks; best manufac- re- per 100 It., $3.25. New y|S Syphon spout-lift pumps 3.66 moving them. Weather-proof and |g/\lvo| Manila Eope slightly /"• tured. 32 gal. tank, $2; fire-proof. Kitchen force pumps 3.26 Wo furnish with each shop worn, per lb., 10c 47 gal., $2.50; 73 gal., _ Pitcher spout pumps ..1.65 order, sufficient cement to make the Wrapping Twine, per lb., $2.75;0bbl.,$5.50;larg- Perfection spray pumps, best laps and large head nails. Price is 5c. Galvanized Guy Wire er sizes in proportion. •er sq. of 108 sq. ft. 1 ply, $1.25. 100ft., $1.60. Wire Eope and manufactured 2*26 Feed Cookers, $9.20; I ply, $1.40. 3 p!y, $1.75. Cable at waydown prices. Tackle BIock»,etc. Pumps of all kinds. Steel Wagon Tanks $7.00. Gal v. Trough s 60c

100Lbs.FENCINGWIRE$1.25 DOORS, and up. TUBULAR LANTERNS,45c. 60c Wrought Iron Bolts, per lb. 4c No. 14 Fainted 'Wire 10,000 doors and win- Steel Shovels, strongly made, shorts 9 1 .26 dows, which we will close 30c; Steel single bit aês, 45c; Nos. 9, 10, 11 and 12 Gal out at Double Lit axes, 4Jc; Large a saving of 40«G. At vanized shorts, 9 1 .80 cents size steel hammers, 60 we can furnish 25c; Nos. 14 and 15 91.90 you an ordinary Manure forks, 45c; Hay Galvanized Wire contin- door, Bought at manufacturers sale, 10 car loads uous lengths, No. 9 pel good enough for general forks, 30c; Axe handles, of high erad. carriage and bolts 100 lbs 92.00 purposes. machine 5c; Hack saws, with frame,! mixed all kinds together, excellent assort No. 7 91.80 We have a complete 15c; Hand saws, 25c; Com-I ment, strictly first class, in lots of 100 lbs. BB Phone wire No. 12 list of these doors and pass saws, 12e; Files, 5c per lb., 4c. Also carriage and machine ;| per 100 lbs 92-85 No. 14 93.10 windows, which we will Hatchets, 30c. Telephone equipment,Fence wire all kinds mailônapplication. bolts; wood screws -„ 10c per lb %". VIS Buys America's Finest A WSSKSgfcf Steel Roofing '?S $1.50 Built Gasoline Engine. *- Most economical and durable The best f irm Engine manufactured is offered roof covering known. Easy to put you at a price within the reach of all. Itis built on; requires no tools but a hatch- for service and satisfaction. It is not a toy et or a hammer. With ordinary engine, but made along lines that will be care will last many years.Thous- appreciated astimegoesby It is rated con- ands ol satisfied customers every servatively by the manufacturers at 5 H.P. where have proven its virtues. but it will easily develop 6 H. P. It has the Suitable for covering buildings most perfect construction possible. The cool- of any kind. Also used for ceiling ing tankis placed on top of cylinder, less andsiding. Fire-proof and water- water being thus required in cold weather. proof . Cheaper and more lasting No danger of freezing^ in wintertime. The than shingles. Will not taint gasoline supply tankis caiu in the base. No rainwater. Makes your building cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Abso- necessity for any piyln" No danger of leak- lutely perfect, brand new, straight from the factory. 91.60 is ourprice for onr age. All cast 5 -gs are made of a special mix- No. 15 grade of Flat Semi-Hardened steel roofing and siding, each sheet 24 in, ture of iror., giving great strength and no wide and 24 in. long. Our price on the corrugated, like illustration, sheets 22 in. danger of breakage. The connecting rod and crank shaft are steel dropped wide and24 in. long, 91.76. At25 cents per square additional we will furnish forgings, made of finest of mild steel. Both the crank and wrist pin brasses sheets 6 and 8 feet long. Our price on Standing Seam or "V" Crimped Roofing are adjustable. Here you have an Engine, built on the most improved up-to is the same as on the corrugated. We have other grades of Steel and Iron date design, along lines giving great strength, durability and simplicity of oper Roofing. Don't Delay. Write TODAY for Full Particulars. ation. No need to be a mechanic in order to understand working this Engine «_ r% 4lm** *Cm*»£msU4 to all points East of Colorado except Okla- Our complete instructions cover every possible contrivance. This Engine will WG fay ine rreiynW homa, Texas and Indian Territory. Quota- pay for itself in a year's time. It can be used for any general farm tions to other points on application. Phis freight prepaid proposition only refers purposes, as well as for regular machine shop uses. Be alive to modern to the steel rooflngoflerea in this advertisement. Satisfaction guaranteed or ideas. A few cents per hour will cover all cost ot operation. When th< money refunded, we will send this roofing to anyone answering this advertise- Engine is idle, no expense. Can be started and stopped instantly. ment C. O. D., with privilege of examination if you will send 25 per cent of the Absolutely the Easiest Started Engine Manufactured amount you order in cash; balance to be paid after material reaches yourstation. We furnish the outfit complete with magneto dvnamo and set of four dry If not found as represented, refuse the shipment and we will cheerfully batteries. We furnish a set of batteries for starting Engine. galvanized When Engine refund your deposit. All kinds of Roofing supplies, conductor is started, use the magneto. Shipped complete With all necessary oil cups, pipe, eave trough, steel snips, fittings, etc. Send us yonr order today. lubricator and muffler, all ready to run. Send In ronr order today. FREE CATALOG COUPON Our New 500-Page Catalog No. 166 FREE THIS WRECKING CO. WONDERFUL BAEGAIN BOOK is just out and ready to be sent to you at once. It is a book such CHICAGO HOUSE as every shrewd buyer must have. 600 pages with thousands of items of the very best merchandise Street*, Chicago, III. 35th and Iron aud supplies bought by us at Sheriffs' and Receivers' Sales. It will pay you to keep it handy. Its large pages contain a full record of what we still hav« on hand from the wonderful St. Louis Worlds' Fair. I am a reader of Southern Planter Send me your Merchandise, machinery and supplies, articles for everyone. You will find it useful in the borne, in 500-page catalog, absolutely freu »- êrtieed in this paper. the field, in the workshop or in the office. Write ns today. Cut out this "Ad" mark a cross on those Items that most Interest you and wa will send you much valuable information. Also till In Free Catalog coupon attached and our new catalog will be sent you absolutely tree and prepaid. If you do not want to cut out the "Ad" send us your name and address correctly, tell us where you have seen this Post-office Address . **Ad tf also tell us just wbat items in our "Ad" inteaest you most. Address