2480 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD~ HOUSE February 21 at the year 1958 when residual stocks con throat price.s which will o1fset the cost of tain . that the quotas on residual oil im-. tinued to mount as imports increased! Re c_<;>nverslon, and. I am also advised tnat the ports should be so designed to permit the sidual went from $2.95 per barrer in Janu: on companies wm not .enter J.nto c:_ontracts coal industry. the domestic oillndustry, and ary to $2.37 by late summer-a drop of .58 to deliver oil at a definite and stable price the · transportation industry ·to meet the cents, equivalent- to $2.4"= per ton ln terms but.• instead, promis'e to meet" arid. undersell needs of exploration .and research, repair of coal. Actually, a great deal of residual the price of ·coal. 'I'hls type of competition wa8 sold under the list-as low or even is unconscionable and it simply. cannot be and replace damaged and obsolete equip lower than $2 per barrel {$8.40 coal· equiva met. ment, recoup employment losses, and main lent). Mr. Secretary, I do not ask for complete tain a capability to meet-the expanded needs I am informed that users 'of coal are often elimination of residual fuel oil Imports. i: of a national emergency.· I ask nothing lured into converting to residual on by cut- do ask for a substantial reduction. I main- more. One could expect nothing less.
"An act to authorize the Secretary of United States v. Harvey O'Connor and bring HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commerce to enter into contracts for the with you the documents and objects listed conduct of research in the field of mete in the schedule attached bereto and made TUESDAY_, FEBRUARY 21, 1961 a· part hereof. orology.'" This subpena is issued upon application The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The message also announced that of the defendant. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, pursuant to Public Law 38, 75th Con MICHAEL KELLER, Jr., D.D•• offered the following prayer: gress, the Senator from Alaska, Mr. Clerk. BARTLETT, and the Senator from Kansas, By MARY BRADBURY, Psalm 133: 1: Behold, how good and Mr. ScHOEPPEL, were appointed members Deputy Clerk. how pleasant it is tor brethren to dwell of the Board of Visitors to the U.S. Coast John 0. Bigelow, Leonard B . .Boudin, and together in unity. . Guard Academy. Morton Stavis, attorneys for defendant. 0 Thou, who art the God and Father The message also announced that MAY 19, 1960. of us all, grant that in this Brotherhood pursuant to Public Law 301, ~8th Con U.S. DISTUCT COURT FOB THE D~STRICT OF Week men and nations may be lifted, gress, the Senator from California, Mr. NEW JERSEY-UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. by the mighty tide of Thy grace and love, ENGLE. and the Senator from New Jer HARVEY O'CoNNOR, No. 232-59. into a more fraternal relationship. sey, Mr. CASE, were appointed members SCHEDULE-TO SUBPENA '1'0 PRODUCE We pray that we may never harbor of the Board of Visito.rs to the U.S. Mer DOCUMENT OR OB.JEC'l' Within our minds and hearts those chant Marine Academy. (a) The original minute book of the thoughts and feelings which were alien The message also announced that House Un-American Activities Committee to the Master's spirit of compassion and the Vice President had appointed the and of the subcommittee of the Un-Amer consideration, of patience and kindness. Senator from Louisiana, Mr. LoNG; the ican Activities Committee, which held hear:. Inspire us with a clearer vision of ings In Newnrk in 1958. and if there be no Senator from Connecticut, Mr. Donn; original minute book, the minutes of all the many noble and helpful things which the Senator from North Carolina, Mr. meetings of the Un-American Activities we are dally privileged to do together JoRDAN; the Senator from Montana, Mr. Committee or the said subcommittee au for t.he health and happiness of man METCALF ; the Senator from Indiana, Mr. thorizing the 1'958 Newark bearings, au kind everywhere. HARTKE; the Senator from Texas, Mr. thorizing the issuance of subpenas In con Show us how we may release the YARBOROUGH; the Senator from Indian&, nection therewith, and recommending pro hidden splendor of humanity and bring Mr. CAPEHART; the Senator from Ver ceedings · by contempt against 'Harvey to a Joyous and victorious fulfillment mont, Mr. AIKEN; the Senator from O'Connor. those capacities and lofty aspirations (b) All material In the files of the House Colorado, Mr. ALLOTT; the Senator from Un-American AcUvities 'Committee relating with which Thou didst endow the soul Idaho, Mr. DwoRSHAK; the Senator from to Harvey O'Connor, including but not of man, created in Thine own image Delaware, Mr. BocGS; and the Senator 1imited to sta!f memoranda, reports of other and for Thy glory. from Maine, Mrs. SMITH, to attend the Government agencies in the committee's Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. Canada-United States Interparliamen files,- reports of interviews, statements, tary Group meeting to be held in Ottawa :amdavits, recordings, correspondence, press February 22 to 25, inclusive. releases, .and proposed lists of questions or THE JOURNAL memoranda to be used by counsel or the committee in the questioning of Harvey The Journal of the proceedings of yes O'Connor. terday was read and approved. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (c) All material in the files of the House AGAINST HARVEY O'CONNOR Un-American Activities Committee relating Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I have to the Emergency Civl1 'Liberties Committee, MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE including but not limited to staff memo- been served with a subpena duces tecum ·randa, reports of other Government agencies A message from the Senate by Mr. which directs me to appear before the McGown. one of its clerks, announced in the committee's files, reports of interviews, U.S. District Court for the District of statements, amdavits, recordings, corre-. that the Senate had passed bills of the New Jersey to testify in the case of the spondence, press releases, and proposed lists following titles, in which concurrence of United States of America against Har of questions or memoranda to be used by the House is requested: vey O'Connor. counsel or the committee during the ques S. 610. An act to strengthen the domestic Under the precedents of the House, I tioning of any witness in Newark, N.J., in and foreign commerce of the United Stattls am unable to comply with this subpena 1958 in relation to the Emergency Civil by providing for the establishment of a U.S. Liberties Committee. Travel Service within the Department of without the consent of the House, the (d) All records and logbooks kept by Commerce and a Travel AdviSory Board; privileges of the House being involved. the House Un-Amerlcan Activities Commit- s. 707. An act to provide transportation I therefore submit the matter for the -tee in respect to the issuance of subpenas in on Canadian vessels between ports in south consideration of this body. June. July, August, and September 1958 and eastern Alaska, and between Hyder, Alaska, Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the the carbon copies of all subpenas issued in and other points in southeastern Alaska, subpena. that period in respect to hearings relating and between Hyder, Alaska, and other points The Clerk read as follows: to th~ Newark area. in the United States outside Alaska, either (e) All memoranda of the staff of the directly or via a foreign port, or for any UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DIS• House Un-American Activities Committee, part of the transportation; and TRICT OF NEW JERSEY-UNITED STATES V. minutes of the committee or any subcom S. 804. An act to amend the act of March HARVEY O'CoNNOR, No. 232-59 mittee thereof, reports by the committee S, 1933 ( 47 Stat. 1426), relating to the length To FRANCIS E. WALTER, staff or reports of any other Government of time by which the Federal Maritime Board House of Representatives, agency in the files of the committee, sum may suspend tariff schedules. Washington, D.C.: nlaries of interviews, a11ldav1ts, statements, You are hereby commanded to appear in recordings, correspondence, press releases, The message also announced that the the U.S. District Court for the District of proposed lists of questions or memoranda to Secretary had been directed to request New Jersey at Federal courthouse tn the be used by counsel or the committee during the House of Representatives to return city of Newark on the 31st day of May 1960, the questioning of any witness, or any other to the Senate the bill SAM RAYBURN, on the third day of February 1961, quash tion: Speaker, House of Representatives, that portion of the subpena requiring the FEBRUARY 20, 1961. Washington, D .C. production of documents enumerated Hon. SAM RAYBURN, DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Mr. FrankS. Tavenner, therein: Therefore be it Speaker, House of Representatives, Jr., an employee of the House, while serving Resolved, That Frank S. Tavenner Jr Washington, D.C. at my direction as counsel for the Commit Counsel, Committee on Un-American A~tivi~ DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Mr. Raymond T. Col tee on Un-Am.erican Activities, received a ties, House of Representatives, is authorized lins, an employee of the House, while serv subpena duces tecum directing him to appear to appear in response to the subpena duces ing at my direction as an investigator on as a witness before the U.S. District Court tecum of the United States District Court the Committee on Un-American Activities, for the District of Columbia, in the case of for the District of Columbia in the case of received a subpena directing him to appear the United States of America v. Martin Pop the United States of America against Martin as a witness before the U.S. District Court per (No. 1053-59). The return date of the Popper, as modified by the order of Mr. Jus for. the District of New Jersey, in the case subpena has been extended to April 15, 1961. tice Edward M. Curran issued on the third o! the United States of America v. Harvey The portion of the subpena duces tecum day of February, 1961; and be it further O' Connor (No. 232-59). The return date of requiring the production of documents was, Resolved, That as a respectful answer to the subpena has been extended by the court on the 3d day of February 1961, quashed the subpena a copy of these resolutions be to Aprilll, 1961. by Mr. Justice Edward M. Curran. submitted to said court. The subpena in question is transmitted The subpena in question is transmitted herewith and the matter is presented for herewith and the matter is presented for The resolution w.as agreed to. such action as the House, in its wisdom, such action as the House, in its wisdom, may A motion to reconsider was laid on may see fit to take. see fit to take. the table. Sincerely yours, Sincerely yours, FRANCIS E. WALTER, FRANCIS E. WALTER, Chairman. COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINIS Chairman. TRATION-SELECT SUBCOMMIT The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read TEEONLABOR the subpena. the subpena. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Sub SUBPENA To TEsTIFY, U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY-UNITED COLUMBIA-UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. committee on Elections of the Commit STATES OF AMERICA V. HARVEY O'CONNOR, MARTIN POPPER, DEFENDENT, No. 1053-59 tee on House Administration may be No. 232- 59 SUB PEN A TO PRODUCE DOCUMENT OR OBJECT permitted to sit during the session of To RAYMOND T. COLLINS, the House today during general debate To FRANKS. TAVENNER, Jr., House of Representatives, or any special orders, and that the same Washington, D.C.: Counsel, Committee on Un-American Activi permission be granted to the Select Sub You are hereby commanded to appear in ties, House of Representatives, Congress of the United States, House Office Build committee on Labor. the U .8. District Court for the District of ing, Washington, D.C.: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to :New Jersey at Federal courthouse in the city of Newark on the 1st day of June 1960, You are hereby commanded to appear in the request of the gentleman from Mas at 10 o'clock a.m. to testify in the above the U.S. District Court for the District of sachusetts? entitled case. Columbia at Third and Constitution Avenue There was no objection. This subpena is issued on application of NW., fourth fioor, courtroom 8, in the city of the defendant. Washington on the 7th day of March 1960, MICHAEL KELLER, Jr. at 10 o'clock a.m., to testify in the case of HON. CARL VINSON Clerk. United States v. Martin Popper and bring H. MARY BRADBURY, with you ( 1) all memoranda in the posses Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. Deputy Clerk. ,sion of the said FrankS. TaveilJler on June Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to John 0. Bigelow, Leonard B. Boudin, and 5, 1959, with respect to the defendant here address the House for 1 minute and to Morton Stavis, attorneys for defendant. in, and (2) all communications between the revise and extend my remarks. MAY 19, 1960. defendant herein and his attorneys on the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to one hand and the House Committee on Un Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Am.erican Activities (herein referred to as the request of the g.entleman from South offer a resolution and ask for its immedi the committee) and its counsel, staff direc Carolina'? ate consideration. tor and other agents on the other hand, be · There was no objection. The Clerk read as follows: tween March 26, 1959, and June 5, 1959, on Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. the subject of the defendant's appearance Speaker, Alilerica has had her great H. REs. 180 before the committee and adjournments re men-she has had her John C. Calhoun, Whereas Raymond T. Collins, investigator, quested on behalf of the defendant; memo Henry Clay, George Washington, Robert Committee on Un-American Activities, House randa made with respect to such communi E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Abraham of Representatives, was served with a sub.. cations. pena to appear as a witness before the U.S. This subpena is issued upon application of Lincoln, Daniel Webster, Jefferson Davis, District Court for the District of New the defendant. Stephen Decatur, John Paul Jones, Jersey, to testify at the Federal courthouse, HARRY M . HULL, Thomas Edison, Theodore Roosevelt, in the city of Newark, N.J., on the 1st day Clerk. Franklin Roosevelt, John Pershing, Wil of June 1960, in the case of the United States By CLARICE FULGHUSEN, liam Halsey, and George Marshall-to of America v. Harvey O'Connor (criminal Deputy Clerk. name but a few. case No. 232-59); and FEBRUARY 26, 1960. It is not often that men and women Whereas the case of the United States of LEONARD B. BOUDIN, of a living generation can observe, in America v. Harvey O'Connor 1s now sched Attorney tor defendant. uled for trial on the 11th day of April 1961: action, truly great Americans who have Therefore be it Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I become a part of our American heritage Resolved, That Raymond T. Collins, inves offer a resolution and ask for its im long before they are ready to become tigator, Committee on Un-Am.erican Activi mediate consideration. a part of American history. ties, House of Representatives, is authorized The Clerk read as follows: But here in the House of Represent to appear in response to the subpena of the atives there are two great Americans U.S. District Court for the District· of New H. RES. 181 who are now a part of our national her Jersey in the case of the United States of Whereas Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel, itage and who will also one day be a part America v. Harvey O'Connor;· and be Lt fur Committee on Un-American Activities, of our history for generations yet unborn ther House of Representatives, was served with Resolved, That· as a. -respectful answer to a subpena duces tecum to appear as a wit to honor and revere. the subpena a copy of these resolutions be ness before the United States District Court Those two great Americans are SAM submitted to the said court. for the District of Columbia, to testify at RAYBURN, Of Texas, and CARL VINSON, Wa11hlngton, District of Columbia, on the of Georgia. The resolution was agreed to. seventh day of March, 1960, 1n the case of the Very recently the Army-Navy-Air A motion to reconsider was laid on the United States of America. against Martin Force Journal published an article en table. Popper, criminal case number 1053-59; and titled "Backstage Boss of the Penta- 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2483 gon." It is an article written ·by a very The SPEAKER. Without objection, it "nonsense," but VINSON, supported by botJ:l keen, astute author, Louis Stockstill, is so ordered. Republicans and Democrats on his commit who, as a result of his efforts in this There was no objection. tee, stripped the proposal of its "Prussian" remarkable story has earned .himself a The article referred to follows: features and the House backed him up. Under White House pressure, the Senate place of honor among American biogra IFrom the Army, Navy, Air Force Journal, restored some of the authority the President phers. 1961] desired, and conferees from the two Armed It is not easy to capture the image of "UNCLE CARL" VINSON-BACKSTAGE Boss OJ' Services Committees had to meet to decide CARL VINSON, and it is almost impossible THE PENTAGON between the House and Senate versions. The on paper. One must see CARL VINsoN in (By Louis R. Stockstill) day of the closed-door meeting, VINSON, with members of his committee in tow, arrived at action to understand why he is the most When RobertS. McNamara, 44, was named beloved chairman of any committee in the conference room a few minutes early. Secretary of Defense, one of his first moves When the Senators arrived, led by their the Congress. One must hear CARL VIN a month before he was sworn into office--was chairman, another Georgian, Senator RicH soN to understand why he is considered to go to Capitol Hlll and call on a man who ARD B. RUSSELL, VINSON didn't Wait for them to be the most brilliant chairman of any entered Congress 19 months before to find seats. "Well, now, weah all heah," he committee in Congress. One must un McNamara was born. announced in his cottony Georgia burr. One year earlier, a startled secretary in "Now Senatuh RussELL will be chai'man of derstand CARL VINSON to realize why the the U.S. House of Representatives looked up legislative proposals that come from the this confe'ence. You sit heah, Senatuh." from her desk at 8 o'clock one morning to He motioned RussELL to a seat and kept House Armed Services Committee are de find McNamara's predecessor standing in void of political partisanship, blessed al talking. "Now, heah's what weah gonna the doorway. Former Secretary of Defense do," Uncle CARL told the group, quickly out most inevitably with unanimity, and Thomas S. Gates, Jr., then newly appointed, lining how the main Senate proposals were invariably have as their one and only explained that he had merely stopped by to to be eliminated. objective, the security of the Nation. pay his respects to the young lady's boss. "Aren't you even going to let us discuEs "This is the one place in Washington,'' Gates it, CARL?" chuckled Senator LEVERETT SAL· But Lou Stockstill has captured in his said, "where I know I will always get a warm article the true character of this truly TONSTALL of Massachusetts. welcome, a good cup of coffee and sound "Well, now, weah all busy men. We remarkable man, CARL VINSON. He has advice." been able to put down on paper a closer haven't got time fo' a lot of talk," VINSON Such visitors come often to the office of a replied. The discussion lasted about 15 approximation of the greatness, and 77-year-old Georgia farmer, "Uncle CARL" minutes, and Uncle CARL pulled out an also the humbleness of this inimitable VINSON, ruler of the vital House Armed Serv already prepared statement explaining what American, than has ever heretofore been ices Committee and mastermind of U.S. the conference group had done and turned done. defense policies since the days of Calvin to his chief committee counsel, Robert W. Coolidge. Top military leaders have always Mr. Speaker, for 47 years the people of Smart. "Bob," he said, "put Chairman courted his favor with unabashed ardor. RussELL's name on the statement with mine, America have been fortunate in having For VINSON is the acknowledged backstage as their. representative in the Congress and eve'ywheah it says 'I,' take out 'I' and boss of the Pentagon. put in 'We'." of the United States, CARL VINSON, Of When President John F. Kennedy lays out Senator RussELL changed only one word. Georgia. And I choose my words care his plan for overhauling the Nation's mili VINSON's colleagues and the press have fully, "the people of America have as tary machine-now eating its way through seen him conduct similar operations time their representative in the Congress'' for $41 billion a year-he too will have to woo and again. this tobacco-chewing teetotaler. CARL VINSON represents not just the In another conference session, when Sen For years I have watched "Uncle Carl" ator HENRY JACKSON Of Washington got Up Sixth District of Georgia, not just the trying to fathom the mysterious magnetism State of Georgia, but the United States to leave before the meeting ended, Uncle with which he dominates and directs the CARL fixed him with a penetrating stare. of America and all for which she stands. -complicated mass of legislation that deter "Where are you going, HENRY?" he asked. And the military prowess of this Na mines our milltary strength. Unquestion JACKSON explained that some constituents tion; the aircraft carriers and subma ably one of the most powerful men in the were waiting in his offi.ce. "Now, HENRY," rines that sail our seas; the missiles that country, he shuns publicity with toe-in-the Uncle CARL said, in his best father-to-son dirt humility. A personality of fascinating enter the stratosphere and streak down voice, "nothing is more important than this contradictions, he can fight furiously for the meeting. You can't go anywhere until we're our ranges; the tanks that roll over the Armed Forces, but is equally adept at whit training grounds in Europe and in finished. You sit back down." JACKSON's tling pompous admirals and generals down constituents had to wait. America; the bombers that constantly to size. VINSON gets away with such tactics because guard us in the skies above; and the men Behind an outward gruffness that terri.fles of his towering seniority and the vast knowl and women who operate all of these the uninitiated and cuts through soft soap, edge and experience he has gained in dealing weapons of war, can look back upon the I have discovered a rare public servant of with the country's m111tary problems through foresight and wisdom of CARL VINSON unsuspected wannth and humility, a man of three major wars. He has served in the the soil who has stayed with his funda House 46 years-longer than any man in and recognize that he, more than any mental, time-tested beliefs, never allowing other single person in the world, is re history except his friend Speaker SAM RAY himself to be swayed by each -shifting politi BURN. For the incredible period of 37 years, sponsible for our security, our military cal wind. He has been called a dictator. He he has been the senior Democrat on either might, and our ability to lead the free is not always right. But over the years he the old Naval Affairs Committee or its suc world. has steered the country through a maze of cessor, the Armed Services Committee, and, Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, will the complexities, conflicts and rivalries to give since 1931, except for two brief periods when gentleman yield? it what it needs-an adequate defense. Republicans controlled the House, he has Before the Second World War, he forged a Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I been committee chairman. He has sharpened series of giant naval construction programs his legislative skills in countless committee yield to the gentleman from Illinois. which brought America eventual world sessions and fioor fights. He knows instinc Mr. ARENDS. I wholeheartedly agree leadership on the seas. Almost 2 years tively when to press his demands, give with what the gentleman from South before Pearl Harbor, he battled for funds ground, or stand firm. Carolina has said. I had the oppor to train pilots, buy planes and construct air When Presidential defense plans or Penta tunity and privilege of reading this bases for the war to come. In the post-World gon policies fail to meet Uncle CARL's ap War II period he demanded a major buildup proval, he hauls their advocates before his article carefully. I commend it to the of strategic bombers and rammed his views committee, tears the plans down into their reading of each and every Member of through the Congress over the objections of component parts, and rebuilds them with this House because it is most interesting, the President. Today, he is fighting for bet his own do-it-yourself kit. The taxpayer enlightening, and informative, and a ter trained, better equipped troops and in gets a front-line seat to watch the show. deserved tribute to the great chairman of creased ballistic missile production to combat One of VINSON's watchwords is "The public communism. has a right to know." the finest committee in the House. Uncle CARL has tangled with Presidents, Top Government officials responsible for Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. Cabinet members and the country's top winning congressional approval of new Speaker, it is with humbleness, but with military brass. One of his hottest fights was Armed Forces programs have learned from pride, because I have been privileged to with .Dwight D. Eisenhower. experience. not to wrap their plans in fancy, serve and work closely with CARL VINSON, When Ike asked Congress for a full-scale bureaucratic language for presentation to reorganization of the Pentagon in 1958, Uncle CARL. He strips away the frills. "Cut that I ask unanimous consent to insert in Uncle CARL approved most of the new ground out the hemmin' and hawin'," he tells them, the RECORD at this time this fine article rules, but charged that key provisions of the "and get to the point." about a magnificent American, CARL plan would create a "Prussian general staff." Once when the Navy was trying to work VINSON. Ike, his blood pressure up, ridiculed this as out a new pay system, he told the late Fleet 2484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 21 Adm. William D. Leahy (World . War II ad ship. Except for a single nearby excursion, fire until he was ready to resign his Penta viser to President Roosevelt) to "keep it he has never been outside the United States. gon post and go back to private industry. all on the back of an envelope so the aver He is entitled to an $18,000 retirement sal Then, as one of his last omcial acts, he signed age layman can understand it." ary, but he continues to work, worry and fret the transfer order and scuttled out of Wash Although the Senate Armed Services Com over the Nation's military posture. ington. His successor, Neil H. McElroy, mittee is coequal in every respect with the Some of his moot vocal critics charge he immediately delayed the order, and killed it House group, Uncle CARL's committee takes gives the Armed Forces everything they a few days later. the lead on defense legislation. The prac want. Many Pentagon omcials who see the In recent months, the Army, alarmed over tice stems partly from the fact that Sena backstage maneuvering in his omce know ramifications of a Defense Department order tors serve on a number of committees and otherwise. drastically curtailing one of its essential can devote less time than VINSON to the The late Adm. Ernest J. King once said training programs, turned to Uncle CARL for exclusive consideration of military matters, "Mr. VINSON seems to have a sixth sense help. A ranking Army omcial explained that and partly from the fact that the House, which tells him when to support the pro the action was taken without Army approval, because it initiates all money bills, has tra posals made to him and when to give us although his was the only service seriously ditionally moved first on most legislation, but a sound spanking and send us back to the affected. VINSON called in Pentagon chiefs Uncle CARL's committee also. edges out the Navy Department." Such spankings are and asked, "Why?" This brought a peeved re Senate group in terms of seniority and ex common occurrences. action f.x:om one omcial that the Army was perience. During the last Congress, a top Defense trying w undercut him by going to VINSON. VINSON and the two senior members on Department oiDcial who had incurred Uncle Not one to split hairs, Uncle CARL replied, his committee (Democrat PAUL KILDAY, of CARL's displeasure (and that of numerous "Well, now, that's right. The Army is try Texas, and House GOP whip LEs ARENDS, of other congressional leaders) resigned his ing to undercut you. And the Defense De Illtnois) have completed a combined total high-ranking post after VINSON bluntly told partment, of course, is trying to undercut of 94 years' congressional service. Uncle the Secretary of Defense: "We can't work the Army. And now," he added without CARL was a committee chairman before any with him. Don't send him back over here further ado, "I'm undercutting the Defense of the 17 members of the Senate committee again." Department." arrived on Capitol Hill. Some Senators who The President appointed a new man to the When he was chairman of the old Naval started their service in the House, proudly job. Pentagon leaders waited anxiously to Affairs Committee, every time a Secretary of boast they are "graduates of Vinson Col see if he would be more acceptable. In his the Navy retired, resigned, or died, Uncle lege." first get together with Uncle CARL--who has CARL's name popped into the news as a On the surface, Uncle CARL looks more like no use for the ambiguous language and probable successor. He said repeatedly he a farmer than a forlnidable legislator, but circumlocutions which are the trademark of didn't aspire to this honor. Once he re politics-the newcomer was told: "Now, I marked, "I've got more than I can say grace the 6-foot Georgian's rustic appearance, slur don't want to say anything derogatory about ring accent and occasional mispronuncia over right here." your predecessor, but I just want to say that Old-timers on Capitol Hill remember when tions (the most famous of which is "Indigo no matter what kind of job you do, it will China") mislead inexperienced witnesses VINSON used to refer to Cabinet members as be a better job than your predecessor did." "the best (or worst) Secretary of the Navy who appear before his committee. They Uncle CARL often kills off Pentagon plans learn quickly that VINSON's country-bump I ever had." before they can get up a full head of steam. Although he has spurned such honors, kin guise only thinly camouflages the cun Even pe:rsonal friendships are not permitted ning political acumen which has earned him himself, Uncle CARL has had a hand in the to stand in the way of his conscience. selection of many Defense Department lead another nickname--"the Old Fox." When Eisenhower named Adm. Arthur W. He is a dominating, hard-hitting leader ers. Admiral Leahy, in his book, "I Was Radford to the chairmanship of the Joint There," recalls that he was with President who directs the operations of his 37-member Chiefs of Staff, VINSON sent Radford a rare legislative committee (largest on Capitol congratulatory message. Radford tele Roosevelt in South Carolina when word came on April 28, 1944, of the death of Navy Hill) under a rigid "no politics" rule. He graphed back to say he would "continue to blasts Republicans or members of his own Secretary Frank Knox. "Among the first count heavily" on Uncle CARL's "advice and callers after my return to Washington," he Democratic Party with equally intense shell guidance." He noted that without VINSON's fire if he thinks either group is championing "friendship, counsel and advice over these said, "was Representative CARL VINSON, who unwise defense policies. He fights zealously many years, yesterday's announcement would recommended that I urge the President to appoint the Under Secretary of the Navy, for the admirals and generals but keeps them never have been made." constantly off balance by slamlning the door Four years later, when the Defense De James Forrestal, to the Cabinet post." For shut on many of their plans. He refuses to partment sent up a trial balloon on an restal's nomination went to the Senate in give up a proven weapon until he has been unprecedented third term for Radford to May. Later he became the first Secretary of shown conclusively that its blueprint re eee how VINSON would react, he told them, Defense. placement will work. "I see no reason to perpetuate any individual Following creation of the Defense Depart When he says, "Heah's what le's do, and in the omce." ment, VINSON also has been rumored under I'll he'p ya," the Pentagon girds for action. Although the Senate has exclusive power consideration for appointment as Defense If he tells the top brass to hold their to confirm or deny Presidential appoint Secretary. At the beginning of the Eisen "bosses," they pull up short. ments, Uncle CARL's statement foreclosed any hower administration, reporters asked if he Yet, VINSON is not a man who blows his further consideration for his old friend; Air would accept the appointment. "Of course own bugle. Twice the House has attempted Force Gen. Nathan F. Twining was nomi not," he said, "I'd rather run the Pentagon to honor him with a special "day on the nated instead. from up here." tloor"-a ceremony in which House Members When the Army decided, as an economy Laws VINsoN writes for the armed services pay tribute to one of their colleagues who measure, to substitute motorized hearses for consistently win quick endorsement. In 29 has compiled an outstanding record. It is the 17 horses used in military funerals at years he has lost only three floor fights on accorded to few, but each time Uncle CARL Arlington National Cemetery, VINSON reared bills reported by his committee. has been approached on the idea he has flatly up in instant protest. The first defeat was on a pre-Pearl Harbor rejected it. "I want no day on the floor with "If we can afford State dinners and the ex proposal to fortify Guam. Those who voted kind colleagues making laudatory remarks penses always associated with the visits of against Uncle CARL do not brag about their about me," he says. "My deeds and my ac foreign dignitaries," he declared, "we can Pyrrhic victory. tions will have to speak for themselves." afford to retain some small semblance of the The only other defeats were on bills to His achievements are indeed awesome, and respect this Nation still possesses for the raise military pay (later approved) and to have earned him such titles as "father of the few military personnel ·who are carried to establish universal military training. two-ocean Navy" and "elder statesman of their last resting place on a caisson." Veteran Congressman CLARE HOFFMAN, Re aviation," but his actions sometimes are sub Army Secretary Wilber M. Brucker publican, of Michigan, says it is treason ject to misinterpretation. When he is called abruptly withdrew the plan. to vote against anything VINSON proposes. a dictator or the press labels him as "the Another omcial who stumbled and fell in While not comparing VINSON's operations crusty old Georgian," neither characteriza a row with Uncle CARL was former Secretary "with those carried on in Russia," he says tion is wholly accurate. of Defense Charles E. Wilson. Without con "they are just about as effective." Uncle CARL is a man of contradictions. sulting Congress, Wilson decided to trans Uncle CARL's power is pointed up, too. in Some know him as a stern taskmaster, fer all officer::; of the Veterinary Corps to the numerous White House communiques in abrupt, demanding, often unapproachable. Department of Agriculture. Uncle CARL re which ex-Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, and Others know him as kind, gentle and unas minded Wilson that no service function can Eisenhower have wooed his support, sought suming; as a playmate for his 10-year-old be shifted or altered without approval of the his advice, or praised him for unsolicited grandson; as a matchmaker for his em- House and Senate Armed Services Commit !UlSistance. ployees. - tees (a law which VINSON wrote). And, he While most Congressmen have diffi.culty Although he has been a principal architect added, approval in this case was not likely in wangling a White House appointment, one of American defense policies for 35 years, he view of the valuable work being done by of the Roosevelt letters (April 29, 1939) ignores the fringe benefits his position of veterinarians in military research. clearly shows the type of entree enjoyed by fers. He has been in an airplane only three Wilson refused to back down but was VINSON. F.D.R., discussing a prospective times. He has seldom boarded a Navy war- afraid to go ahead. He let the matter hang Navy law with Uncle CARL, ended his letter by 1961 2485 penning an appeal tn·longliand: "Do please nla.ke possible the desired result." 'This time The biggest remaining chunk will go to pro come talk over with me this personnel prob the letter was signed, "With warm regard, grams already authorized by his committee. lem-! get back May 2." · ,sincerely, D.D.E!' which, together with its Senate counterpart, F D.R. and VmsoJt w·ere members of a mu During VINSON's congressional service. writes all xnajor laws afi'ecting the organ tual ·admiration- society, each praising the eight presidents have resided in the White ization of the Armed Forces, as well as pay, other's role .in the growth of the Navy. House, Uncle CARL has said goodbye to 18 promotion, retirement, medical care, and Nevertheless, Uncle CARL once overruled Secretaries of War and Defense, 24 Secre countless other .aspects of service life. Roosevelt during a critical period of history. taries of the Army, Navy and Air Force, three VINsoN's committee carries the most im When VINSON became a member of the Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (a pressive workload on Capitol Hill, complet 'old Naval Mairs Committee, F.D.R. was As relatively new post) and 52 admirals and gen ing action annually on recordbreaking num sistant Secretary of the Navy (then the sec erals who have headed the land, sea and bers of bills, some of which the Senate never <>nd-ranking civllian slot), and the two had ground forces. A battalion of sub-secretaries finds time to consider. In the last 4 years an early opportunity to assess each other's and senior officers in other major assign alone, 198 bills have been approved by the capabi11ties. As a result, they later formed ments also have passed in and out of de VINSON group. Of these, 194 have passed the a close working relationship in matters of fense planning posts. House and 149 have been approved by the ·national defense. This is one of Uncle CARL's great strengths. Senate and signed into law. When Roosevelt was elevated to the White He has been in the forefront of national de Uncle CARL's driving force is largely respon. House, Uncle CARL conferred with him at fense planning far longer than his closest sible for the enormous output, but it also ·warm Springs before his inauguration. He rival. He was a towering figure on the na contributes to the often repeated charge that told reporters F.D.R. knew more about the tional scene when most of today's senior he is a dictator. He allows for· no nonsense Navy and its needs than any man who had officers still were worrying about promotion in getting his work behind him. He loads his entered the White House since Teddy Roose in the junior ranks. subcommittee chairmen with major projects velt. When one newsman asked, "What Not one of the Navy's present four-star ad and constantly prods them to greater and makes you thirik so?" Uncle CARL replied: mirals had entered the Naval Academy when greater efforts, pushing hixnself equally as 4 '1 don't think so. Because I know it." Uncle CARL came to Washington. All seven hard. When President Truman ousted Gen. including the Navy's highest ranking of His fellow workers do not deny that he Douglas MacArthur, VINsON, never afraid to fleer-were lieutenants (some junior grade) sometimes ramrods his views through the wade into the xnlddle of a controversy, ap when VINSON became chairman of the Naval committee, but they insist (and his record plauded the action even though the tide of Affairs Committee. verifies) that he is a master of compromise public sentiment was running heavily When VINSON was elected to Congress in and not a dictator. He seems to sense op against the Chief Executive. VINSON said 1914, the JCS Chairman, Gen. Lyman L. Lem position before it develops, and moves to MacArthur's policies, if carried out, would nitzer, was 15; Air Force Chief of Staff, Gen. break it up before it gathers momentum. have involved the United States in full-scale Thomas D. White, and Chief of Naval Opera If the outcry flames to high, he quickly con war in the Orient. He softened his criticism tions, Adm. Arleigh Burke, were 13; Army cedes just enough to bring the fire under ·by noting that it was only human that a per Chief of Staff, Gen. George Decker, was 12, control. son who remained for so long a time in one and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, VINSON readily admits he does not always area of the world would come to the conclu Gen. David M. Shoup, was only 9. give the committee unlimited time for the sion that that area outweighs in importance consideration of every problem, but main VINSON has watched thousands of young tains that to do so would hopelessly ensnarl all other regions of the world. MacArthur men enter the Military and Naval Academies, had been in the Pacific for 14 years. the group in consideration of minutiae more The day after Uncle CARL's statement rise through the ranks and retire. Some of properly left up to the officials who must en (April 12, 1951), Truman wrote, "I can't tell his own appointees have spanned two gen force the laws. you how very much I appreciate your whole erations. Midshipman Charles Leighton "Why, if you wanted to," he contends, "you hearted support. I, of course, had counted Moore III, a current Annapolis plebe, and could spend hours discussing the extension of on the fact that you would understand that his father, Capt. C. I. Moore, commanding an aircraft runway. You have to have some the policy at stake is civilian control of the officer of the Barbers Point Naval Air Sta faith in the people who propose these things. tion in Hawaii, both entered the Naval Acad They are trying to achieve the same result military." emy under VINSON's banner. The quick official notice of VINSON's action for America which we are trying to achieve. Uncle CARL's own preeminent role in de If a runway has to be a hundred feet longer, shows how important it was to the Chief Ex fense planning began before America entered ecutive to have Uncle CARL in his corner. it has to be." Earlier VINsON had tangled with Truman the First World War (for which he voted), Once, when the Air Force thought it had over military budget cuts which preceded and before his appointment to Naval Affairs. just about conVinced VINSON of the neces the Korean war and had played an impor On May 27, 1916, the House was angrily sity for extending a runway at a Georgia air base, an official disclosed that a Negro ceme tant role in forcing the resignation of T:tu fighting over the Navy budget, which in cluded a $160 million shipbuilding program. tery would have to be moved to make way for man's Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson. the project. VINSON turned thumbs down. Although .uncle CARL has no official part in This amount, which would not buy half a nu clear carrier today, was at that time the larg "We already have enQ'Ugh trouble with civil writing the big appropriations bills for the rights," he said, "without going around Armed Forces, his actions often ward off in est such program ever proposed by the Gov ernment. moving the dead." creases or reductions in the defense budget Runway extensions are only one or-thou as well as other important money measures. Some House Members thought it was not enough. Others thought it was too much. sands of items which VINsoN's committee As Eisenhower was preparing to leave for the must consider annually in a single bill-the summit conference in May 1960, he asked Democrats charged that Republicans had military construction program. Even with VINSON to keep him posted 1f the mutual sent the Navy into stormy seas. Republicans out devoting hours of study to an isolated security appropriations bill became im said the Navy's plight was the fault of the project, this one measure requires several periled. "If in your judgment this situation Democrats. weeks of hearings. is beginning to go badly during my attend In the midst of the tumult, VINsoN, then Those who watch VINSON rushing a bill ance at the summit meetings," he wrote, "I 32, arose to make his first speech on the through the committee often overlook, or are hope you will send me any suggestions you subject of military preparedness. Swiftly, unaware of the fact, that most of the major xnlght have as to what I could additionally he hammered out the two basic philosophies legislation previously has been farmed out to do to be helpful." which have guided him throughout his al a subcommittee which has examined the The letter, like xnany others from Eisen most half a century of congressional serv subject in great detail over a period of days, hower to . VINSON, begins, "Dear Uncle CARL" ice: A nation can maintain peace only if its weeks, or months. Once the subcommittee and is signed "D.E." defenses are strong, and preparedness "is a has completed its work, VINSON normally ac During the earlier Pentagon reorganiza nonpartisan question." He said "my coun cepts its recommendations with few ques tion fight, however, Ike became coldly for try and its safety comes ahead of any party." tions. He expects the same of others. If t he mal. When VINSON's bill was reported out These views are now espoused by all poli subject is reopened to prolonged debate, he of committee, the President, in a letter be ticians, regardless of party, but VINSON, un believes members of the full committee are ginning, "My Dear Mr. Chairman" and like some others, has given them deeper certain to waste valuable time retracing the signed "Dwight D. Eisenhower," compliment meaning by never deviating from either con same circuitous route followed by the sub ed V.If'lSON on his work but suggested some cept in the fights he has waged to strengthen committee. changes in the bill. America throughout his 46 years in the Con Uncle CARL impatiently declines to replow When the fight was over-possibly to save gress. He has unhesitatingly cut down any the same ground whenever he can avoid it. face, and possibly to restore peace with Uncle and all who have attempted to bar or weaken This has made him a m aster of the bum's .CARL, Ike announced that the final measure U.S. mllitary progress . rush in dealing with witnesses before his adequately met all of his recommendations. Today., the Nation is spending $41 billion committee. If testimony proves unproduc Off went another "Dear Uncle CARL" letter in of its $75 billion budget for military pre tive, or unnecessarily repetitious, the "old which the President said he hoped VINSON paredness and another $3.7 billion for mutual fox" empties the witness chair in a hurry. was "proud of the end resul-t; you have every . security. About $20 billion of next year's When Senator CLAIR ENGLE of California right to be, in .zny opinion, and I am greatly ~lltary outlay will require specific author was a House Member, he appeared to testify a.ppreciati ve to you !or all that you did to izing legislation from VINsoN's committee. before VINSON's committee and made the 2486 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-· HOUSE February 21 mistake of remarking that a previous wit political foe once told Georgians it was "a - At home, he also devotes many of his eve ness had covered the subject matter so magnificent Maryland mansion") is a mod ning hours to careful study of committee re thoroughly, he doubted there was much he est, six-room bungalow purchased in 1922 ports and other official documents. "I have could add. Unwittingly, he had opened a soon after his marriage. to read: every report," he says, "and cut out wedge for Uncle CARL. : He shares it with "Till" and Mollie Snead some of the material, just like an editor. "Thank you very much, Congressman, for and their two sons, Tillman, 10, and Carl, 5 Certl!.in things weaken reports. We are not being so considerate of the committee's months. Mrs. Vinson died in 1950. They in the business of selling headlines. We time," VINSON cracked. He banged his gavel had no children. .are trying to write legislation that will bene and ordered, "Next witness." Till, an assistant in VINSON's congressional fit the Nation." Ability to control testimony is one of the office for almost 25 years, met Mollie, for When he makes one of his rare public most essential assets of a congressional merly a professional nurse, while she was speeches (perhaps four in the past 5 years), chairman. One reason is that Capitol Hill is caring for Mrs. Vinson. Although their new he closets himself in his room (fUrnished overrun with professional witnesses, who son is VINSON's namesake, 10-year-old Till with spartan simplicity; bed, chest of draw spend their days trying to tell Congress how man, who had a big head start, is Uncle ers, night table, and rocker) to . practice its to run the country. CARL's pride and joy. He calls VINSON delivery on young Tillman. One lady-who is in and out of the Capitol "grandpa." Devoted CARL calls him "my He takes daily walks to keep in trim. as often as House Doorkeeper "F'ishbait" partner." Often he ranges as much as 2 miles, stopping Miller-persuaded VINSON to give her 10 The two share a lively interest in sports, to chat with neighbors and offer friendly minutes to talk to the committee about the hold heated debates about athletic records, (not always effectual) advice on gardening Draft Act. When her turn came, she un go to movies together (Tillman's choice), problems. If he encounters a house for sale, folded an impressive sheaf of notes, and be watch TV shoot-'em-ups, and sometimes he ducks in, makes a quick inspection, finds gan a rapid-fire recitation. Five minutes charge through the house in a wild game of .out the asking price, if possible, and decides elapsed and VINSON banged his gavel. "Your cops and robbers. on the spot if it is "wo'th" the money. time has run out," he said. Tillman follows Uncle CARL'S congressional If one of his employees buys a new home, The lady was indignant. "I was supposed activities with keen interest. When VINSON Uncle CARL frequently makes an unan to talk 10 minutes," she protested. · hits the headlines, Tillman grabs the news nounced visit to look it over and give his Uncle CARL peered down at the witness papers and rushes out to show his friends appraisal. He believes one of the few ways from his lofty seat. "You talk so fast," he "what my grandpa did." If some official be a man on a salary can get ahead in life is to said, "You put an awful heap in the 5 comes entangled in a knotty problem, Till obligate himself to buy either property or minutes." man wants to know why it hasn't been securities, preferably both. If a staffer is Tourists who prowl through the Halls of turned over to "grandpa" to solve. not a homeowner, VINSON constantly prods Congress at the rate of 18,000 a day are at Uncle CARL often takes the boy to his office him in that direction. tracted to other big,. klieg-lighted hearings on a quiet afternoon or Saturday morning He takes lively interest in his employees, which are beamed to TV audiences, but when there is no urgent House or committee talks to them about their families, and after seldom visit Uncle CARL's magnificent cham· business. When Tillman was younger, the work diversions, and tells them newsy tid bers. Those who do stray in are often treated two sometimes spent hours in the imposing bits about his own activities. If illness keeps to one of the best shows on Capitol Hill. two-story committee chambers (empty ex a staff member at home, Uncle CARL insti The press laughingly maintain that "some cept for them) and the lad, occupying VIN tutes an immediate investigation. Has the one should sell tickets." soN's high, throne-like seat, backed by color staffer been to see a doctor? What did the VINSON operates almost in anonymity as ful flags and flowing draperies, gaveled doctor say? What medicines did he pre far as the general public is concerned. Al imaginery meetings into order. VINSON, sit scribe? One of the staff tracks down the though the Armed Forces would fight each ting attentively below in the big witness information. If the illness is prolonged, the other for the privilege of transporting him chair where such men as Nimitz and Eisen inquiries continue daily. to any of the Nation's farfiung bases, he hower have listened to his own sage council, Most of VINSON's employees (3 in his con seldom ventures more than a few hundred answered questions put to him by "Chairman gressional office; 15 on the committee staff) miles from Washington or Georgia. Snead." have been with him for more than 5 years, During the Roosevelt administration, When the boy was 8, VINSON made an a number for 10 or more, and some for pe F.D.R. occasionally persuaded Uncle CARL to appointment with the Secretary of Defense, riods ranging as high as 20 or 25 years. His join him on an inspection trip-provided it completely forgetting his promise to watch present secretary, Mrs. Marguerite Maddux was not too far away. But, except for a quick Tillman in a Christmas school play the same Phillips, has completed 20 years in Uncle official visit to naval installations in the day. When he remembered at the last mo CARL'S office. His former secretary, Miss Caribbean early in his career, he has never ment, an aide hurriedly telephoned the Edna L. Lytle, was there for 30 years before been outside the United States. His longest Pentagon to call off the meeting with the she retired. trip was a 1919 visit to the west coast. Cabinet member. No one ever told the Although he can be abrupt and demand· The most recent one was in June 1957 Secretary of Defense he had been outranked ing, when the workload is heavy, he is more when he went to Norfolk, Va., to observe by a third-grader. often warm and friendly in his relationship the first international naval review to be When his leisure time in Washington is not with his staff. He detours through their of held in American waters in 50 years. With occupied with Tillman, Uncle CARL keeps fices to talk with them, and to listen to and busy in numerous other ways. An early advise them on their personal problems. At typictll disdain for the honors which the the beginning of each Congress he herds the services are eager to accord him, he gave no riser ( 5 to 6 a.m.) , he is seated in his front porch rocker when the carrier boy arrives committee staff into the first meeting and official notice that he was coming. He took introduces them to new committee members an unimportant seat far from the other with the Washington Post. If the boy over sleeps or is delayed, Uncle CARL wants to as the best staff on Capitol Hill. dignitaries, and, to the chagrin of Navy He has even acted as "matchmaker" on a brass, ate with the enlisted men. know what kept him. He escapes the rush-hour traffic by leav few occasions. Beneath his gruff exterior, VINSON is In 1955, he decided that an attractive sec· basically shy and retiring. He is intensely ing home in his second-hand, 1952 Ford, with his assistant, Till, at the wheel (he has retary in his congressional office (Mary Ellen discomfited when anyone pays him too much Williams) and one of the lawyers on his attention. He shuns the public spotlight never learned to drive), in time to arrive at his office by 7:30 each weekday. He fre committee staff (Charles F. (Duke) Du and turns down all invitations except those cander, now chief counsel of the House to White House functions (he looks on these quently also goes to his office on Sunday. He spends at least 9 hours at his desk, Space Committee) would make a good pair. as command performances) . in committee meetings and on the House He launched a campaign to throw them to A witness before his committee once sug floor (longer if necessary) and returns to gether. After weeks of thwarted attempts gested he had met Uncle CARL at a cocktail Chevy Chase around 5 p.m., for his usual to interest the couple in each other, he took party. "I haven't been to one in 10 years," evening at home. When Till is away and dramatic action. Calling both of them into VINSON said, "I am too wise a bird to be go there is no one to drive the car, he climbs his offtce, he arranged, over their amused ing to cocktail parties." That was 11 years aboard a streetcar or bus packed with Gov but embarrassed objections, for Mary Ellen ago. His record is still intact. ernment clerks and secretaries. He seldom to invite Duke to her home for dinner. He A man of frugal habits and moderate uses a taxi. set a specific date. Before the dinner took tastes, he prefers plain to fancy food, chews An omnivorous reader, he wades through place, he gave Mary Ellen detailed instruc 15-cent plug tobacco (in the privacy of three daily newspapers (the Post, the Wash tions about what to serve: "Now you're a his spittoon-equipped office). and smokes ington Evening Star, and the New York southern girl and Duke's a southern boy. mild, 10-cent cigars. When a Macon friend, Times; or, in Georgia, the Atlanta Consti You just fix him some fried chicken, and W. T. Anderson, once offered him a more tution, Atlanta Journal, and Macon Tele make him some biscuits." The first dinner expensive cigar, he declined. Friends would graph), the weekly news magazines, biog was launched in an uneasy atmosphere, but not always be around to keep him supplied, raphies, histories, murder mysteries, "just the couple soon found they were genuinely he said, and he did not want to cultivate a about anything I get my hands on." He reads ' attracted to each other. In 8 months, they taste for something he could not. afford. the Army, Navy, Air Force Journal as soon were married. WhHe Congress is in session, he lives a as it reaches his desk each week, and has Summers, after Congress adjourns, Uncle life of quiet seclusion in a Washington . said: "There are other service publications, CARL escapes to the open air a.nd sunshine . suburb, Chevy Chase, Md. His home (a but the Journal is the one everyone reads." When his colleagues head for Paris or Tokyo 1961 'CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-·_HOUSE at the end of a tiring ·session, he goes back who sold newspapers and jerked sodas to earn By some standards, the Vinsons ,might to Milledgeville, Ga. (population 11,107), money for his education; and the young State have been considered poor, Leila says,. "but and his farm. legislator who planned. "the battle of the none of us ever knew it. We always seemed Asked why he hasn't trav~led more, he Bloody Tenth." to have so much of everything, and Papa replies, "I don't have time to travel. I have VINSON was born November 18, 1883, on saw to it that we all got good educations." ·plenty of business to tend to on my farm a farm in Baldwin County, Ga., 3 miles south Leila remembers that "CARL was always and in my district. The best·vacation I can of Milledgeville, the former State capital popular, but he was never a ladies m~n. He get is right here on the farm. I need no days (1807-1868). was so busy studying and working and try free of responsibility." Before he reached school age, his parents, ing to make money that he never had time Even in Washington, VINSON "runs" the Edward Story and Annie Morris Vinson, for anything else." farm. At the beginning o! each week he moved into town so CARL and their seven By 1900 CARL had saved enough, together dictates a letter to his "overseer," Barney other children could attend the Middle with help from his father, to enroll at the Collins, instructing him what to do for the Georgia Military and Agricultural College. Mercer University law school in Macon. He next 7 days. A weekly reply from Barney The school (now Georgia Military College) doesn't recall what attracted him to the legal tells Uncle CARL what has been accomplished was located in the old State capitol building. profession. "I just decided, like .most boys or what, because of inclement weather or It taught both sexes and all grades, begin do, that I wanted to be a lawyer." other unforeseen problems, has had to be ning with the first. One day he went to see County Judge Ed postponed. CARL's sister, Leila (Mrs. M. J. Guyton, ward R. Hines, junior partner in a local law The farm-River Ridge Plantation, located of Dublin, Ga.), says CARL made an early firm. "I just went up there, and told him on Vinson Highway about a 2-minute drive impression at the college. "Every night after I wanted to study law." Judge Hines owned from Milledgeville's city limits-covers 601.1 supper Papa would call all of us around the · a substantial law library. He agreed to let acres of rolling, gracefully cultivated land. fireplace and tell Bible stories. After awhile, CARL use his books. Sometimes CARL read Once, together with an adjoining tract CARL got to the point where he would plead, at the office, other times he took books home. owned· by VINsoN's father, it comprised more 'Papa, let me tell. Let me tell.' CARL was The reading eased his initial studies at than 1,500 acres and was the top cotton pro a great storyteller. By the time he entered Mercer when he began the serious task of ducer in the county. He bought the farm GMC, he knew many Bible stories by heart." earning his law degree. In 1902 he was in 1926 "because my district is a farming When his first-grade teacher at GMC, Miss graduated (29th in a class of 50) and simul district and I decided I ought to learn some Carrie Fair, learned about CARL's precocity, taneously admitted to the bar. One of his thing about agriculture." Today, after an she insisted on giving him prominent billing classmates was the late E. E. Cox, also des unsuccessful fight with the boll weevil, the in the chapel programs. tined to be a U.S. Representative from Geor cotton has been replaced by white-faced The chapel, prophetically, was the old leg gia, and, eventually, the ranking Democrat cattle and feed crops. islative assembly hall of the former State on the House Rules Committee. His niece, VINsoN has neither a secretary nor an capitol building. As a part of his public Mildred Cox, works in VINSON's office. office in his home district ("My office is speaking, CARL recalls that he later "had to Returning to Milledgeville, 18-year-old under my hat"). When he is at the farm speak there every Friday afternoon.'' (A CARL learned that Judge Hines' law partner he keeps up a heavy load of paperwork at a great-uncle had preceded him in the historic had died. He stepped into the firm as junior roll-top desk on his back porch. Corre chamber as a representative of the Georgia member, and a new shingle-"Hines and spondence which requires his personal atten Legislature.) Vinson"-went on display. tion is dispatched from Capitol Hill daily, Although the Vinsons lived in town from The practice of law in Milledgeville, then both by his oftlce and committee staffs. the time of CARL's earliest memories, his a town of about 4,000, was not a booming After he has read and studied it, he scribbles father continued to operate the farm. As enterprise. The new partners devoted much his instructions in the margin and sends it the children grew, Papa Vinson, a firm dis of their time to the preparation of deeds and back. ciplinarian who believed success is achieved wills, drawing contracts, and similar routine. This work, combined with his supervision only through toil, gave his sons a choice CARL recalls, "We took anything that came of the farm, is dovetailed into the many they could help him on the farm or they along. Just as a country doctor accepts any hours he devotes each week to constituents could find summer jobs in Milledgeville. patient who comes in, country lawyers don't who come to the farm to discuss problexns. CARL elected to stay in town. specialize. If they did, they wouldn't have One Milledgeville resident says, "Some of For a time he jerked sodas in the Culver much business.'' the local people think if they lose a cow, & Kidd drugstore. Leila says the drugstore Always one to keep busy ("Man is made to CARL can find it for them." "didn't pay him much but CARL liked the wear out, not rust out," he says), CARL soon Not typical of the problems, but amusing job because he got to eat all of the ice cream found his law practice didn't give him in its resolution, is a request made by Jere and drink all of the sodawater he wanted." enough to do. In 1904, he won appointment Moore, editor of the M1lledgev1lle Union Re Later, he obtained the newspaper agency as Baldwin County court solicitor. When he corder. Searching for a speaker for the for the Atlanta Journal. "I had all of was reappointed to a second term, the annual chamber of commerce banquet, Milledgeville-about 300 papers. They came Milledgeville Union Recorder (August 5, Moore called Uncle CARL and suggested the in on the 8 o'clock train from Atlanta, and 1907) complimented him on his great success commander of the Navy's atomic submarine, I had other boys, sometimes my brothers, as a prosecuting attorney. Four years in the Nautilus. Uncle CARL flatly said, "Why you who helped out. The paper cost 10 cents a post pointed the way to his first venture can't get him." week. I got 5 cents for delivering it and into politics. " "I told him," Moore says, "the officer had had to give the Journal 5 cents." At 25, he ran for and was elected to the been to Savannah to speak and it was a Georgia General Assembly. While the legis pretty pass if the chairman of the Armed He also worked in two local department Services Committee couldn't get him for his stores: P. J. Cline's and ·Joseph's. At Jo lature was in session-50 days out of each own hometown." Uncle CARL said, "He'll be seph's (now the Union Department Store), year-he lived at the old Kimball House in there." He was. he earned $5 a month as cash boy. When Atlanta and drew a salary of $7 a day, most VINSON has lived at the farm (in a spa sales were completed, salesladies turned over of which was eaten up by living expenses. cious, white-frame farmhouse he originally the customer's money to CARL who sprinted But while the financial reward was non built for his overseer) only for the past 10 to the cash desk and brought back the re existent, service in the legislature broadened years. He also owns a historic, 128-year-old ceipt and change. Later, he was promoted his knowledge of practical politics and soon Milledgeville "town house." Its handsomely to bundle wrapper at $15 a month. In his earned him a reputation as a hard-working, furnished rooms have stood unused (but free time at the department store, his friend bright young man. In his second term, at carefully maintained) since Mrs. Vinson's Judge Erwin Sibley recalls, "CARL cornered the age of 27, the assembly recognized his death in 1950. the other boys in the cellar and made abilities by making him speaker pro tempore. Very little has ever been disclosed about speeches to them." An old newspaper relates that "Whenever VINSON's boyhood, youth, and early man After school, and on weekends, the Vin he presided, this Apollo Belvedere presented hood. To him, these are "unimportant" son home at the corner of Montgomery and an imposing and impressive presence.'' phases of his life, in which "no one is inter Clark Streets was the gathering place for Additionally, and even more important to ested." many of the town's young people. his career, the 1911-12 term of the Georgia For years, the editors of Who's Who have "CARL was the ringleader," Leila says. "We General Assembly enabled CARL to draw up had to write their sketchy biographies about had to do what he said. He was the boss." an intricate battle plan which was to cata him ·from other sources. When he receives The young friends played croquet and pult him into the U.S. Congress and eventual a questionnaire he tosses it into the waste baseball and other games. Sometimes, the national prominence. basket. .Vinson's had watermelon cuttings with as Following the 1910 census, the assembly If an interviewer insists on talking about many as 15 to 25 guests in an afternoon. faced the difficult task of redistricting. The his early life, he admonishes, "Well, now, Leila says, "We had a big yard, which was young lawyer from Milledgeville had definite you'll ruin your story if you clutter it up one reason our home was a gathering place, ideas about his own Baldwin County. He with all of that. Why don't you just stick but another was that Papa would,bring fruit wangled an appointment on the reapportion to the record in Congress." home from the farm-watermelon, cante ment committee and did some fast talking. Justifiably :proud of his record in the Con loup, peaches, apples-and Mama baked When the redistricting dust settled, surprised gress, he would prefer to forget the 6-year-old cakes. She always had lots of cakes and Baldwinites found they had been chopped who liked to tell Bible stories, the teenager cookies for us to serve.'' from the Sixth District and dumped into ',2488 CONGRESSiONAL .RECORD<-~~ HOUSE February 21 one of the hottest battlegrounds in' the Miss Thotrias recalls that he was "not at the Democratic Party," he said. The answer State-:-"the Bloody Tenth." · all eltcited" about his new post and settled probably erased all doubts about the immi The old Sixth District, of which Baldwin into it without fanfare. "We moved into grant's eligibility for citizenship, but if any County had. been a part, had for many years former Congressman Hardwick's office,.. she remained they soon were dispelled. The next been dominated by Bibb County,·which held says, "and got ·right down to work." · question, who is "the greatest mah in the the · district's largest city-Macon-and a During the 4 years she spent lri Washing ·country?" orought the immediate reply: goodly share of the total district population. ton, Miss Thomas "never 'caught up wltli the "The Honorable CARL VINSON, Representative Bibb was only one county removed from work." The loth District's new Representa from this district." Baldwin, and CARL, who already had his eye tive opened his office early and closed it late. As his popularity grew at home, VINsoN on Washington, doubted that he would be Miss Thomas remembers "one night another soon began waging another popularity con able to penetrate very deeply into Bibb's Congressman came by our door, looked in, test in Washington. This time it was not heavy fortifications in a bid for the Sixth and said, 'You mean to tell me you are still aimed at the voters, but at a young' lady from District congressional seat. working? When are you going to go home?' New Philadelphia, Ohio-Mary Green Mac The lOth District presented at least a Mr. VINSON's reply was, 'When we get Gregor. On April 6, 1921, they were married fighting chance, he reasoned. It, too, was -through.'" at Washington's Foundry Methodist Church. dominated by a heavily populated county Letters leaving the office had to be as Capitol Hill newsmen have claimed that (Richmond, with the city of Augusta),. and nearly perfect as possible, and they had to CARL, before his marriage, was president of had. been the scene of some of the State's clearly refiect CARL's views. This is· a re the Congressional Bachelor's ·Club. He bloodiest · battles. But it offered one ad quirement he still demands today. If one denies that any such organ.lzation ever ex vantage. Baldwin was at the far end of the of his letters is read 40 or 50 years after it isted. "They just made that up," he asserts. district from Richmond and it might be pos is written, he hopes no one will have to Like many bachelors, CARL had been wait sible to convince some of Baldwin's neigh be ashamed of what it says. ing for the right woman. When he met boring counties to dig out from under the When Miss Thomas took her first paid Mary, the search ended. He quickly suc shadow of Augusta. Government vacation from the Congress cumbed to her charm, intelligence and CARL's hope was that he could win his own man's office, after obtaining a replacement captivating wit. Mrs. Vinson's photographs, county, the three neighboring counties, and, stenographer, she went to visit friends who on prominent display -in all three of Uncle perhaps, a majority of four others not bor lived in the country near Washington. At CARL's residences, attest to her beauty. dering on Richmond. It was a long shot, the end of 3 days "A hack came driving up Just as some Mllledgevllle citizens think but he was convinced the odds were less and the driver told me Mr. VINSON had sent CARL "hung the moon," others agree the task heavily weighted than they would have been for me. He said it was urgent." was made easier for him with Mary at his in a fight with Bibb. Her first thought was that perhaps CARL side. Their romance lasted until her death, Only one factor had been overlooked. was sick. She packed quickly, climbed into almost 30 years after their marriage. Baldwinites, perhaps angered by being the hack and rushed back to the city. In During his first term on Capitol Hlll, CARL shifted to the Bloody Tenth, refused to send the office, she found the Congressman look drew two committee assignments, neither of CARL back to the general assembly for a ing as healthy as ever, but unhappy. which particularly inspired him. One was third term. He lost his reelection bid (the "What's wrong?" she asked. on the old Pension Committee, now defunct, only political defeat he has ever suffered at CARL pointed to a stack of unsigned letters. and the other was on the Committee for the the hands of the voters) by five ballots. "I've had three stenographers since you ·District of Columbia. He worked indus Undismayed, he turned to the Governor left," he said. "Look at those letters. triously on both, but kept his eyes open for and obtained an appointment as judge of There's not a letter there I could send out." something better. the Baldwin County court. Meanwhile, he Miss Thomas took off her coat and went to In 1917, the opportunity presented itself. watched developments in his new congres work. It was the last she ever heard of Vacancies opened up on a few choice com sional district, hopeful that he could soon her vacation. mittees. He picked Naval Affairs. Why, has test his carefully drawn battle plan. The Not long after his arrival in the Capital, always been a mystery to those who look at walt was shorter than expected. an lnftuentlal constituent sent CARL drafts his landlocked district. The only body of On February 14, 1914, Georgia's senior of a number of bllls he wanted introduced. water near Milledgevllle · at the time (the Senator, Augustus Octavius Bacon, died. Most Members of Congress honor such re city now has manmade Lake Sinclair) was Representative Thomas W. Hardwick, of the quests with alacrity. CARL, with equal alac the Oconee River, a sluggish red-brown lOth District, made a bid for the vacant rity, sent the proposals back to their author, stream about a third as wide as Washington's Senate seat. The scramble was on for a Miss Thomas recalls. When he was warned Potomac. successor to Hardwick. he might be creating a powerful enemy, his There was no mystery on CARL's part. He CARL announced his candidacy for the reply was characteristic. "I wear no man's was concerned about the Nation's defenses. U.S. House of Representatives, and in a .collar," he said. He already had started urging increased rented model-T Ford, with a hired driver at In his new office, CARL found only small spending for national security, declaring the wheel, set out to stump the district. initial improvement in his finances. Out of that peace can be guaranteed only if a na Miss Martha Thomas, then a stenographer his salary (Congressmen received $625 a tion is prepared to defend itself. He believed at Hines & Vinson and later CARL's first sec month in 1914), he had to pay Miss Thomas, the new committee assignment would provide retary in Washington, says "Most people take care of the postage expenses of his a needed arena in which to fight for his didn't think he had a chance of being elected. office, start settling his campaign debts, views. He had three opponents, all wealthy men." spend $90 a month for a room (at the Bur He also foresaw a growing role for sea VINSON had little money with which to lington Hotel) and buy an of his meals. power. Europe was embroiled in World wage his campaign. His staff totaled three When congressional salaries were boosted War I and CARL accurately predicted in 1916 people: Miss Thomas, a campaign manager to $22,500, 42 years later, he ad llbbed to that participants in the conflict would (the late Dave Howard), and the driver of friends, "Well, if they are going to pay that emerge "with larger navies than at the be the model-T. What he lacked ln funds and kind of money in Congress, I think I'll make ginning." This, too, inftuenced his choice. assistants had to be compensated for with a a career out of it." Today, entitled to an Aside from the practical reasons for seek whirlwind of energy. On the campaign trail $18,000 retirement salary any time he wants ing a seat on Naval Affairs, CARL also had a as much as 20 hours a day, he soon was a to take advantage of it, he actually works personal motive: "I wanted to serve on a famlllar figure at every district schoolhouse for several thousand dollars less than he committee where I could see the results of or crossroads where he could pull together earned in 1914. A replacement would cost my labors. When you authorize the con a handful of people to listen to his views. the taxpayers $40,500. struction of a m111tary base or a big carrier By the time the campaign was drawing to The folks back home soon began to voice you can see the results." a close, he was in debt. He owed the bank pride in CARL's work. When he had been in His choice proved fortunate. During the and he owed his printers. But when the Congress only 13 months, the Marietta next 7 years, eight Democratic members of polls closed and the votes were counted, all Courier (many miles outside VINsoN's dis the committee were defeated, died, or re but 4 of the district's 12 counties were trict) urged its readers to keep their eyes on signed. By 1923, VINSON was the ranking in the Vinson column. the gifted statesman from the lOth. CARL, Democrat. CARL's father, who had always said his son the Courier reported, "is working like a The same time period brought two rugged "inherited his brains from his mother and farmer • • • determined to reflect credit contests for his House seat. One opponent, his brawn from me,'' looked back on the long, upon his section of the country. • • • Peo Tom watson (later a u.s. Senator), was the hard campaign trail and told CARL, "this time ple outside Georgia already are asking about man whose collar VINSON had refused to it was your brawn that paid off." him." wear. The other was Sam Olive, president As a result of the immediate House va A year later. a 1917 Georgia newspaper re of the Georgia Senate. Both were strong men cancy created by Hardwick's elevation to the lates, a Russian "with outrageous whiskers in Georgia politics. Both lost their fights Senate, CARL was elected to both the unex and large clumping feet" appeared in one of with VINSON. pired term in the 63d Congress and to the the lOth District courts to seek his U.S. In 1931, Georgia again redistricted and new term in the 64th. On November 3, 1914, citizenship papers. When the judge asked Baldwin County was restored to the Sixth 15 days before his 31st birthday, he walked him, "How is the President of 1 the United District where VINSON found himself pitted onto the House ftoor and was sworn 1n as the States elected?" the Russian's reply threw against two incumbent Congressmen. He country's youngest Congressman. the court into a paroxysm of laughter. "By talked one into retiring. The other, whom 1961 ' . · CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE, 2489 he was preparing to face in the primaries, session of Congress. Mr. VrNsoN indicated mutual respect had been solidly cemented died before the campaign got underway. A that he would initiate action at this ses when F .D.R. was Assistant Secretary of the third opponent, Judge R. Earl Camp, stepped sion." Navy. In the famous "first 100 days" of into the breach. In an open letter, he Shortly thereafter, Uncle CARL sent two the Roosevelt administration, the National promised VINSON, "I am going to give you bills to the floor. One to expand naval avia Industrial Recovery Act was signed into law. hell, and when I say hell, I mean nothing tion to 10,000 planes, train 16,000 pilots and VINSON convinced the President that if in but merry hell, and I don't mean maybe. establish 20 air bases; the other to speed dustry was to be revitalized, the Navy might I am going to take the flesh, bone, marrow, naval construction and ease labor restric as well be one of the benefactors. The act hide and hair off of you." tions in the shipbuilding industry. Passage gave the President authority to allot money The threat was more colorful than ac of both bills was "preceded by a mere whisper for the construction of naval vessels within curate. Years later when VINSON was offi of debate," one newspaper related. the terms and limits of the London Naval cially nominated for his 18th consecutive In 1948, VINSON engineered an increase in Treaty. term, Judge Camp seconded the nomination appropriations to boost the Air Force to 70 The following year {1934), Uncle CARL won with the comment, "I'm glad he defeated groups. He told the House, "We must rec approval for two more bills to further expand me." ognize that Russia has not traditionally been the shipbuilding program. One was the his Other opposition has been sporadic and a naval power. • • • In the air we are capa toric Vinson-Trammel Act which provided equally unsuccessful. In some campaigns, ble of competing with the Russians and they long-range ship tonnage authority for the VINSON has not even bothered to make are capable of competing with us. • • • As I Navy. The immediate goal was 102 new speeches. His last opponent {Carter Shep have studied the military situation of this ships by 1942. The act also limited the ard Baldwin, in 1956) lost by a lopsided vote country I am driven again and again to the ~profits of contractors and expanded the naval of almost 4 to 1. conclusion • • • that we will be gambling aviation program. During his 46 years in Congress, VINSON with our national existence if we do not pro Additional shipbuilding programs spon has played a predominant role in the growth vide the funds for a great Air Force." The sored by VINSON and backed by F.D.R. were of American milltary power. House approved the increase by a vote of approved in 1938, 1939, and 1940. Three days One of his earliest contributions to na 343-3; the Senate by a vote of 74-2. after the last of the measures had cleared tional security came in 1925 when President When he became chairman of the Armed Congress {and 4 days after the tall of Paris) , Calvin Coolidge appointed a nine-member Services Committee, the following year, he Uncle CARL went to the White House to win group {the Morrow Board) to make a sweep immediately introduced legislation to give Presidential backing for still more tonnage. ing inquiry into the state of the Nation's added teeth to the Armed Services Unifica This time, F.D.R. suggested he wait. VIN air defense. Three of those appointed by tion Act. Among other things~ his plan set soN disregarded the advice, returned to Capi the President were Members of Congress. up authority for guided missile work. He tol Hill, introduced the bill and set hearings VINSON was the lone Democrat. said, "The Air Force is not now directed by for the following day. "F.D.R. called me on The probe-touched oft' by Brig. Gen. Billy law to concentrate on the development of the 'phone the next morning," he recalls, Mitchell's sensational charges against the guided missiles which in time may become "and asked me why I had gone ahead when administration of the air arms of both the exceedingly important to our national de he had told me it was not a good idea. I told Army and Navy-was set up to look into "the fense. My bill deals expressly with this im him 'I disagree with you, Mr. President. best means of developing and applying air portant matter by enjoining the Air Force There is not time to wait.'" Five days later, craft in national defense." In addition to to work actively in the development of these he rushed the measure through the House on Mitchell, some of the other witnesses were weapons." a voice vote. It provided for 1,250,000 tons Orville Wright, Herbert Hoover {then Secre In April 1950, shortly before the Korean o! new ships-birth of the two-ocean Navy. tary of Commerce), Maj. H. H. Arnold {later war, he took to the House floor to blast the The late Senator David Walsh, VINSON's head of the Air Force) and Lt . F. P. Sherman administration's failure to build the 70-group counterpart in the Senate at the time, later {later Chief of Naval Operations). Air Force. He attacked defense reductions said he wanted "the RECORD" to clearly show The Board, after extensive hearings, rec asked by President Truman and his Secre that the movement for the two-ocean Navy ommended numerous changes in laws affect tary of Defense Louis Johnson. He charged began in Congress, was approved by Congress ing aviation. VINsoN authored many of the that Johnson, in slashing at service "fat,•' and was "largely due to the foresight, ability proposals. All were enacted. Ass istan t sec had cut into the "sinew and muscle" of the and judgment of the chairman of the House retaries for aeronautics were established in fighting forces. Johnson subsequently re Naval Affairs Committee." the War, Navy, and Commerce Departments. signed. VINSON's battles for the Navy during his Five-year aircraft procurement programs With the eruption of the Korean conflict, 15-year tenure as Naval Affairs chairman were approved for the services, The Army Truman had to seek $10 billion in emergency earned him a reputation as a Navy partisan. Air Corps was created. The principle of flight funds. VINSON proposed a number of bllls Some of his colleagues still call him the ad pay was permanently sanctioned. New to restore the Armed Forces to fighting trim. miral. emphasis was given to the procurement of In the floor debate, Republicans and Demo Neither then, nor since, however, has he aviators and improved aircraft. The Air crats attacked each other for inadequate blindly done the bidding of the admirals. Commerce Act-legislative cornerstone for preparedness. Uncle CARL ended the argu When some of the Navy's battleship officers the development of U.S. civil and commercial ment and won a standing ovation when he doggedly held on to the giant vessels after aviation-was adopted. declared: "Our great need right now is to get World War II, he finally told them to get a VINSON has been cited by the National the ox out of the ditch-not to spend a lot beautiful picture of one of the warships, Aeronautic Association as an "Elder States of time and effort trying to find out who "bring it up and we will hang it on the wall man of Aviation" for his role in this and pushed him in." the day of the battleship is over." subsequent developments in the field of VINSON's role in the growth of U.S. sea When the Committees on Naval Affairs aviation. power is spectacular. Fleet Adm. Chester and Military Affairs were merged into the Before America's entry into World War II, W. Nimitz has said, "I do not know where Armed Services Committee in 1947, he made as chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee, this country would have been after Decem it clear that he would devote his future ef he fought for a big build-up of the Navy's ber 7, 1941, if it had not had the ships and forts not only to the problexns of the Navy air arm. Later, both as ranking Democrat the know-how to build more ships fast, for and Marine Corps, but those of the Army and and as chairman of the Armed Services Com which one Vinson bill after another was re Air Force, as well. mittee, he battled for the Air Force. sponsible." In 1949, when the Navy and Air Force How he backstaged the post-World War Although the First World War had brought tangled in an ugly dispute over the respec II increase in naval aviation is recorded in a temporary build-up of the fleet, many war tive merits of the B-36 bomber and the air an official Pentagon paper. ships were sunk under the postwar treaty craft carrier-in what came to be known as Twenty months before the Japanese at agreements, and the Navy was forced to limp the admiral's revolt-VINSON ordered and tacked Pearl Harbor, VINSON called Adm. along on skimpy rations for a long period of presided over a full-scale investigation of the Harold Stark, then Chief of Naval Operations, time. Only a fortuitous combination of cir controversy. He eventually broadened the to his office. The late Forrest P. Sherman cuxnstances saved it. hearings into a sweeping study of service {then a captain) accompained the CNO to When he became chairman of the Naval unification and strategy which culminated take notes. Here is part of what Sherman Affairs Committee in 1931, VINsoN immedi in a 56-page report. More than any other, recorded about the conference: ately set out to restore the fleet to what that document, written in large part by Com "Mr. VINSON desires to have a program he believed was its rightful place on the seas. mittee Counsel Bryce Harlow {later a top prepared for the further expansion of naval "I favor a Navy for our country second to Eisenhower aid at the White House) , set the aviation. • • • The program as he describes none," he declared. To enforce his views, he stage for the present defense organization. it, involves 10,000 to 15,000 pilots. • • • Mr. quickly introduced a ship construction pro Many of its recommendations and con VINSON indicated positively his opinion that gram to bring the fleet up to treaty clusions still make sense today. The report an additional training establishment should strength. The appeal was doomed. Needed states that "Prudent administration of uni be established now, that adequate bases White House support failed to materialize. fication, sensitive to the many imponder should be built now for coastal patrol and "Not one ship was authorized during the ables of spirit and emotion and service loyal protection of vital coastal traffic, and that Hoover administration,'• he recalls. ties, can greatly ease service tensions and our construction and training prograxns In the strange ways of history, however, difficulties over the years that must pass be should be greatly expanded. • • • Admiral VINSON soon found a powerful ally-Franklin fore cross education of the services will truly Stark asked if this program were for the next Delano Roosevelt. Their friendship and produce the one-armed-force concept. Hasty 2490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,-· HOUSE , February 21 decisions and brusque dismissals of honestly to defeat. Competition 1s the heart and businessmen, government o:tncials, and held service views will aggravate these ten soul of American industry and the American exchange students. sions and difficulties. Cross education of the people, why should it be den1ed to the services holds the ultimate key to the per Armed Forces?" At least 22 nations currently maintain plexing problems of interservice relations. A President Kennedy, who served in the tourist o:mces in the United States. It much greater concentration of effort is House from 1947-52, has seen Uncle CARL's is estimated that at least $20 million is needed in this field. operations up close. He knows what has spent annually by foreign nations to VINSON made it clear in the report that happened to those in both parties who have attract U.S. visitors. Probably the most Congress will never tolerate being shunted attempted to buck the Vinson formula for effective of these activities are the large to the sidelines or barred from the fulfillment sound national security. If the Chief Exec scale radio, newspaper, and magazine of its constitutional role to raise and equip utive's new plans for the Armed Forces fail advertising campaigns carried on by for armies. to win Uncle CARL's backing, the country may The report states that civilian control of witness the battle of the century. eign tourist agencies and carriers. the Armed Forces is an integral part of the VrnsoN, as he approaches the 50-year mark The United States needs to give more democratic process and tradition, but this in his long congressional service, shows no attention to furnishing foreign nationals "does not mean (1) preventing free testi sign that he is willing to compromise his bas information regarding tourist attractions mony before congressional committees by ic beliefs as they relate to the Nation's in the United States. members of the Armed Forces, or ( 2) the security, or that he has lost any of the legis To do this the bill sets up an office of relegation of the U.S. Congress to a by lative skill which has enabled him to bring International Travel and Tourism in the stander role in issues pertaining to the na them to full fruition. tional defense." Although he has sometimes talked about Department of Commerce. It is the duty Over the past 14 years, some of the most retiring, his colleagues in the Congress doubt of this office to encourage travel by for important legislation ever enacted for the that such an event ever will take place. eign residents to the United States so as Armed Forces has been shaped by VINSON's When Uncle CARL last mentioned the sub to provide a more friendly understand committee. Included in the vast array of ject to Speaker RAYBURN, "Mr. SAM" told him, ing of our peoples and our institutions, laws are measures which have preserved the "Now, CARL, your're not going to do any such and to stimulate facilities and arrange Marine Corps, established a separate Air thing. We're both going to stay right here ments within the United States for Force with its own Academy, provided for until we die." continued growth of the Navy, set standard taking care of the requirements of these procurement practices and consolidated mil foreign visitors. itary purchasing. The Pentagon has been COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' One of the important objectives would organized and reorganized. Field commands AFFAIRS be to dispel the idea held by many for have been unified. The Joint Chiefs of Staff eigners regarding the cost of visiting this have been given broader authorities. Serv Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, country. The agency would cooperate ice housing, pay; promotion, medical care, I ask unanimous consent that the Com with other Government agencies and and survivor benefits have been enormously mittee on Veterans' Affairs may have un private industry. improved to assure a career military force. til midnight tonight to file reports on the For the past several years, Uncle CARL has been waging a vigorous fight for the Army. bflls H.R. 845, H.R. 856, H.R. 858, H.R. He wants more modern weapons and equip 860, H.R. 861, H.R. 866, H.R. 2953, and COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ment for the ground forces. He has even H.R. 3587. ACTIVITIES taken the unusual step (for him) of per The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker I ask unan sonally appealing to the Appropriations the request of the gentleman !rom imous consent to address the House for Committee to give the Army additional Texas? 1 minute, and to include an editorial. modernization funds. The funds (millions There was no objection. of dollars above what President Eisenhower The SPEAKER. Is there objection requested) have been approved by both the to the request of the gentleman from House and Senate, but not all of the money ENCOURAGING FOREIGN TRAVEL California? was released by the previous administration. TO THE UNITED STATES There w~s no objection. Unless the trend is reversed by President Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, the follow Kennedy, the battle is likely to pick up Mr. MACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan ing feature editorial appeared in the speed. imous consent to extend my remarks at Uncle CARL alsci is getting worried about Los Angeles Times for Friday morning, the Navy's aging ships and the growing Rus this point in the RECORD. January 20, 1961: sian missile capability. He is impatiently The SPEAKER. Is there objection CRITICISM AND THE COMMITTEE waiting to learn what President Kennedy has to the request of the gentleman from The Congress is again being deluged by in mind !or the Armed Forces. Whatever Illinois? demands that the House Committee on Un the plan-if it is to win VINSON's approval There was no objection. American Activities be abolished, that a it will have to meet certain rigid tests which Mr.' MACK. Mr. Speaker, on yester halt be called to this controversial legisla have evolved out of his basic philosophies day I introduced a bill that would permit tive inquiry into the shape and extent of concerning military preparedness: the Department of Commerce to expand the Communist threat. The Nation must be adequately armed to its program for encouraging foreign It has been suggested by the committee's prevent aggression or, if it comes, to defeat defenders that all of its critics are subver it on either a big or little battlefield. "The travel to the United States. sives or dupes. They are not. There has most expensive thing in the world is a Tourism is one way to decrease our been responsible and justified criticism of cheap army and navy. History has clearly international payments deficit. In 1959 both the personnel and procedures of the shown that weakness invites attack." American tourists spent nearly $2 billion committee. · The size o! the fighting forces must be abroad, while foreign tourists spent The issue, however, is not whether the geared to the strategic plans laid down by about $970 million in the United States, performance of the committee has been ideal, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and not to political leaving a deficit of about $1 billion. but whether its imperfections justify its considerations or arbitrary dollar limitations. elimination. We think not. "Our national defense problems must al Studies made by our committee show No thoughtful person would seriously state ways be resolved with complete freedom from that the United States is doing little or that the danger of Soviet subversion has partisan bias or flavor. If it is a question nothing to encourage citizens of other ended, or even lessened. It is a constant aim of choosing between the Joint Chiefs of Staff countries to travel in the United States, and continuous effort of the Communists to and the Budget Bureau, I will place my whereas other countries are carrying on try to undermine this Nation by any means confidence in the Joint Chiefs." elaborate and well-financed programs to possible. Existing weapons must not be scrapped If the threat then persists, it is surely the in favor of plans still on the drawing boards. encourage Americans to tour abroad. obligation of the Congress to concern itself "Blueprints may be cheap, but they cannot Approximately 70 percent of the tour with the problem, and to seek information defend the rights of the Nation." ist spending in the United States is by and remedies. The specialized functions of the individ visitors from our immediate neighbors, Many opponents of the Committee on Un ual services must not be impaired or de Canada and Mexico. If we exclude American Activities would say that the com stroyed. "War is three dimensional (land, spending by visitors from these two bating of subversion should be left entirely sea, and air) and the four services exist for countries, expenditures of foreign visitors to the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency, the simple reason that there are four separate and similar bodies. Does this mean that and distinct missions which are assigned to in the United States are less than a they want their elected representatives to them." third of what American travelers spend abandon any direct interest in the matter? Me~er of the services would spell disaster. overseas. Furthermore, a great major We would not argue that the committee "It would not save the taxpayer one thin ity of these foreign visitors in the United has fulfilled its difficult task perfectly-any (lime, and would provide a one-way ticket States· are actually · not tourists, but more than we would claim this for any other 1961 CONGRESSlONAL .RECORil-· HOUSE 2491 congressional group. HCUA members have · one hundred years-ago he stated our try,-and out allies depend so heavily in· demonstrated overzealousness and an over goals better- than we could -state them time of need. concern for the publicity value of their hear today. At this anniversary of the birth There is an additional reason, it seems ings and findings. Yet, this. is hardly some .. thing unique in a committee of the Congress. of the Father of our country, let us de to me, for acting favorably upon this Nor should this committee, in the final termine to make these goals into realities. bill with promptness, and that is the analysis, be judged solely according to some contribution which the provisions of this arbitrary formula that states that X num bill will make to immediate stimulating ber of hearings should produce Y number THE LATE DR. TOM DOOLEY of employment and to combating the of proposed bills. The function of legislative recession in business. inquiry is too vital to be circumscribed by Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House Under the provisions of this bill, 75 such specious criteria. percent of the Navy's repair and altera To concede the committee's faults is not for 1 minute. to condone them. They should be corrected, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion work would be done, on a competi but not by abolishing the committee. The the request of the gentlewoman from tive basis, in privately owned shipyards. potential usefulness of the Committee on Ohio? The Government will get more for its Un-American Activities outweighs, we feel, There was no objection. money, and will help to relieve both any responsible argument for its elimi temporary and chronic unemployment. nation. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I have today introduced a bill requesting the The objectives of this bill are of eco· striking of a gold medal with proper nomic as well as patriotic interest in my FROM AN ADDRESS BY ABRAHAM wording thereon to be given posthu State, and in my district. In the Senate, mously to Dr. Tom Dooley. When the my colleague from Connecticut, Senator LINCOLN AT WASHINGTON ME PRESCOTT BUSH, has joined Senator MORIAL CEREMONY, INDEPEND medal called for in the bill is struck, it will be presented to his mother, Mrs. BuTLER in cosponsoring the bill which ENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, 100 Agnes Dooley. has been introduced there. YEARS AGO · I trust when the bill comes to the floor, I urge the Members of the House of . Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, I ask it will be considered promptly and will Representatives to give early cons~dera unanimous consent that the gentleman be passed unanimously. tion to the bill which I have introduced from Co:rinecticut [Mr. MoNAGANl may or to its companion, so that the worthy extend his remarks in the body of the objectives may be promptly achieved. RECORD. UTILIZING THE FACILITIES OF PRI The SPEAKER. Is there objection VATE COMMERCIAL SHIP REPAIR FEDERALIZED EDUCATION to the request of the gentleman from YARDS Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker. I ask Connecticut? Mr. SEELEY-BROWN. Mr. Speaker, unanimous consent to address the House There was no objection. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, 100 I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and ex remarks. · years ago tomorrow, Abraham Lincoln, tend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection 1n a Washington memorial ceremony The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from raised a flag at Independence Hall in to the request of the gentleman from Michigan? Philadelphia and, in the course of his Connecticut? There was no objection. brief and extemporaneous remarks on There was no objection. Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, the that occasion, uttered words which ex White House education message we re emplify the high ideals of our country Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I have introduced today a bill to require ceived yesterday is self-contradictory, and which, if possible, would have more It says:_ meaning and wider application, but no the expenditure of at least 75 percent of the funds expended for naval altera Education must remain a matter of :;;~ate less validity, than when he spoke ~hem. tion, conversion or repair of. vessels with and local control. He said: private commercial ship repair yards. All the political sentiments I entertain In the next paragraph it says: have been drawn, so far as I have been able This bill is a companion to one intro Our twin goals must be: a new standara to draw them, trom· the sentiments which duced in the Senate on January 31 by of excellence-and the avallab1Uty of such originated and were given to the world -from .Senator ·BUTLER, of Maryland. Both excellence to all who are w1111ng and able to this hall in which we stand. • • • I have bills have the same objective. .pursue it. often pondered over the dangers incurred by The objective, Mr. Speaker, is the Obviously the new standard of excel the men who assembled here and adopted strengthening of our economy by utiliz that Declaration of Independence. • • • I lence will be the Federal, not the existing have often inquired of myself what great ing the facilities of private enterprise to State and school district standard. principle or idea it was that kept this Con the greatest degree possible, and ip so Federal funds may be exacted from federacy so long together, it was not the mere doing, to provide employment for a our citizens only for a Federal purpose. matter of separation of the Colonies from maximum number of workers of all de:.. When dispensed to States and local the mother land; but something in that grees of skill, to provide earnings for the governments, Federal funds are inevita Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the private owners of shipyards on their people of this country, but hope to the world bly and properly stamped with the cri capital, for which they expect to and teria and standards necessary to accom for all future time. It was that which gave will pay the Government substantial promise that in due time the weights should plish the Federal purpose. In these be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and amounts in taxes. _ standards and criteria reside Federal that all should have an equal chance. Although the present administration control which in turn must necessarily has professed to be as strongly in favor supplant the control of the State and Thus were the sentiments of three of of the elimination or minimizing of Gov local recipients of Federal aid money. our greatest Presidents-Washington, ernment competition with private in Thereby States and school districts lose Jefferson, and Lincoln joined in one dustry as the administration that pre their autonomy and independence in ceremonial expression. And today, with ceded it, the fact is that the tendency of deciding what kind of education our our strivings to create a better life for the Nav.y to concentrate in its shipyards children should be given. - all our citizens and for oppressed peoples all of tne conversion, alteration and re throughout the world, we could not do pair work, has increased year by year better than to adopt them as our own. for a considerable period. The point JOINT COMMITI'EE ON INTERNAL The principles which Lincoln described has been reached today, where 80 per REVENUE TAXATION are above section, above race, above cent of all such work is now being done creed, and _above party. · - The SPEAKER laid before the House in the Navy's own shipyards. the following communication, which was Expressed in ·the stirring langua~e The result of this policy is that em read by the Clerk: which he could command as no other ployment in private shipyards is so low American could, Lincoln's peroration FEBRUARY 20, 1961. that there is grave danger of the dissolu The Honorable SAM RA'Y'BUIIIN, should mo.ve us today to the great exer tion and removal or abandonment of Speaker of the House oj Representatives • tions which our national future and the . the v.ery faciliti~s of the private shiP. My DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to section fate of the world require. building industry upon which our coun- 8002 of the Internal" Revenue Code of 19M. CVII--158 2492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 21 the following members of the Committee on The administration insists upon an ex was unauthorized. From time to time other · Ways and Means have been designated as tended· coverage and perhaps some in unions have used the same excuse to avoid members of the Joint Committee on Internal crease in unemployment compensation. contempt of court proceedings. A strike is Revenue Taxation: Hon. Wn.BUR D. MILLs, rarely spontaneous; it is nearly always the Hon. CECIL R. KING, Hon. THoMAs J. O'BRIEN, The administration insists that several result of a well-organized plan or conspiracy. Hon. NOAH M. MAsoN, Hon. JOHN W. BYRNES. other legislative programs be adopted, all An organization and its individual mem Sincerely yours, giving to members of one group or an bers engaging in such a conspiracy in · vio WILBUR D. MILLS, other additional Federal money, all of lation of court orders ought to be punish Chairman. which, as in the programs just men able, and it is time that some judge took tioned, must come from taxpayers who appropriate action. have or expect to have an income earned COMMI'ITEE ON RULES Until an overwhelming majority of the by their own efforts. voters who are adversely affected by Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The necessity for legislation which will, these reprehensible strikes grow angry ask unanimous consent that the Com to at least some extent, lessen unemploy enough to force the Congress to act, no mittee on Rules may have until midnight ment which grows out of strikes and, in action will be taken. tomorrow night to file certain reports. particular, strikes in public utilities During the war when the railroad em The SPEAKER. Is there objection to where the income of the employer is lim ployees went on strike and tied up trans the request of the gentleman from Mas ited by a governmental agency, has long portation, an angry House overnight sachusetts? been evident, and bills to assist in the so passed a draft bill. There was no objection. lution of the problem have time and The Taft-Hartley bill was forced again been introduced by me. However, through this House by an outraged public the committee having jurisdiction-the INCONSffiTENCY OF EFFORTS OF when and only when the voters made Committee on Education and Labor it clear that, unless legislation of that THE ADMINISTRATION IN CON has neglected and refused to give con type was enacted many of the Members NECTION WITH UNEMPLOYMENT sideration to any of those bills. Yes would not be reelected. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. terday, another bill, H.R. 4587, was The legislation was passed over Presi Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad dropped in the hopper, but if it meets dent Truman's veto. dress the House for 1 minute, and to the fate of previous ones, it, too, will be A similar situation forced the House revise and extend my remarks, and to in ignored. to accept the Landrum-Griffin bill even clude an editorial. The need for that type of legislation though many of the House Members, ac The SPEAKER. Is there objection is shown by the pending strike in the cording to the report on file with the to the request of the gentleman from aircraft industry. An editorial bearing Clerk of the House, had received cam Michigan? upon that situation comes from this paign contributions from the UA W-CIO There was no objection. morning's Chicago Tribune, and reads: which bitterly fought the acceptance of Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. STRIKES IN CONTEMPT OF EVERYBODY the bill. Speaker, the administration is making a It is hard to think of a strike meriting less Why is it that we cannot, without be vigorous drive to lessen and, if possible, popular support than that of the flight engi ing prodded, adopt legislation which we to end what it calls a depression. Others neers' union, which has crippled six major know is in the interests of the people as refer to it as a recession. airlines. The walkout is in violation of a whole, which will promote the general Federal court orders in three cities. It defies We all go along with the objective, but a Presidential order creating a fact-finding welfare. sometimes we wonder if the efforts are board, which legally requires postponement consistent, if the administration is get of a strike for 60 days. APPOINTMENT OF EARL E. T. ting its efforts coordinated. The strikers also rejected an appeal by SMITH AS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO UNEMPLOYMENT Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg that they go back to work while he makes an SWITZERLAND Yesterday, an order came down from investigation. an administrative department cutting off Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The basic issue in the dispute is whether ask unanimous consent that the gentle from their present employment several flight engineers qualified as pilots should be thousand Federal employees, the only represented by the engineers' ·union or the man from North Carolina [Mr. WH1'J:E known reason being that those employees larger Air Line Pilots Association. Recently NER] may extend his remarks at this were Republicans. the National Mediation Board directed pilots point in the RECORD. I do not know whether that issue of and engineers employed by United Air Lines The SPEAKER. Is there objection how to lessen unemployment ought to to form a single bargaining unit. The en to the request of the gentleman from come up under the civil rights bill and we gineers fear their union will be swallowed Massachusetts? up by the pilots' group. There was no objection. should then add a provision providing The dispute is reminiscent of several re against discrimination because an em cent strikes in the railroad industry. Last Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, the ployee is a Republican, or whether we fall a jurisdictional dispute involving main recent announcement of the appoint should bring it up when these various tenance workers shut down the entire Penn ment of the Honorable Earl E. T. Smith proposals come before us. When this sylvania Railroad system, causing revenue as U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland was administration throws all these people, to losses estimated at $40 million. Early this very pleasing to me. This sense of year several eastern railroads were tied up pleasure resulted from my strong feeling whom reference has just been made, out and thousands of New York commuters in of a job and they do not get on the unem convenienced by a strike of a few tugboat that Mr. Smith would do an outstanding ployment list, you can see that the 17 men. job for our country as its envoy to one million, to whom the President referred Credit for ending the tugboat walkout was of the countries with which we have en- during the campaign as going to bed given to Secretary Goldberg, although in . joyed the warmest relations throughout hungry, will have an additional number fact the dispute was not settled; it was our history. of unemployed added to their ranks. referred to the Commission named by former Since that time I have been distressed One suggested action defeats another President Eisenhower to study featherbed to read in some of our newspapers that ding in the railroad industry. Goldberg's the President's designation of Mr. Smith proposal. intervention in what should have been a What is gained by an increase in the minor dispute had the bad effect of inviting was being opposed in certain quarters. minimum wage, extending the coverage, all unions to look to the White House, in I am sure that some of this opposition and then cutting off all the Federal em stead of using the normal machinery for is conscientious, but I am certain that ployees who happen to be Republicans settling disagreements. this type of objection is based upon mis cut their salaries in two? So they will Time and again a handful of workers has information and lack of knowledge of the quit-quit because they cannot exist on knocked out a large part of the Nation's true merits of this great American. transportation industry by calling a strike Mr. Smith has a record of accomplish what is left. It simply will not work out. in violation of Government mediation Permit a repetition. The administra boards. The flight engineers have com ment in business life which indicates tion fights for and insists upon an in pounded their injury to the public by defy without question that he is a. man of crease in the minimum wage, an exten ing the national courts of law. tremendous ability. Those of us who sion in coverage, bringing in, under the The officers of the union seek to evade have been privileged to know him per · law, several million more workers. responsibility by saying that the walkout sonally are certain that he possesses the 1961 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-- HOUSE 2493 traits of character and personality which RECENT. SURVEY DOUBTFUL DIS contemplated, will prove to be the magic by eminently qualify. him for an ambassa which a lo~l area will take its forward leap. TRESSED AREAS - CAN - ATTRACT "A primary responsib111ty for flndiilg adap.:. dorial post. NEWINDUSTRY- tation to excess unemployment or low income I first met this gentleman during his Mr. DEVINE. ·w; Speaker, · I ask will, in our view, always rest with the com service as our Ambassador to the Repub unanimous consent that the gentleman munity," the report declared. "For in the final analysis, the rate at which the needy lic of Cuba. It was during a visit to that from Pennsylvania [Mr. MUMMA] may country which Mrs. Whitener and I and areas of New Yorlt or other States recover extend his remarks at this point in the or grow will depend on their ability to supply some of our friends made in September RECORD · and may include extraneous before the Castro coup in early 1959. private industry with a profitable location." matter. The commission's two labor members, During that visit to Cuba I had the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Jacob S. Potofsky and Harold C. Hanover, privilege of conferring with Ambassador the request of the gentleman from Ohio? who dissented !rom the report's key recom Smith on several occasions in private There was no objection. mendations on how to speed economic ex about our situation in Cuba. These con Mr. MUMMA. Mr. Speaker, Pennsyl pansion, did not file a specific dissent on this ferences were held at the request of Mr. section; however, Mr. Poto!sky emphasized Smith and were on a confidential basis. vania's Department of Commerce se that the unionists were in total disagree cured new industry for Pennsylvania but ment with the implied criticism of the Ken The desire of Mr. Smith that our con here is an angle we have to consider too. nedy program. ferences be treated confidentially has We cannot just put up money and hope The Syracuse University study avoided any been scrupulously honored by me since to grab industries away because all local direct comment on the possible impact of that time. ities are seeking new industries, whether Federal activity. However, it was blunt in It is my present feeling that in view evaluating the attempts already undertaken it be New York, New England, and even by most distressed areas to induce new em of some of the erroneous criticism that down South. The following article from I have read of Mr. Smith's services in ployers to move in. It said: the Juniata Sentinel, that is published "There is no evidence that community or Cuba that I should try to set the record in my district, is most interesting in this regional development corporations and ac straight insofar as the accusation of his respect: tivities have been successful in New York or alleged pro-Batista leanings are con [From t.lJ.e Juniata Sentinel, Jan. 11, 1961] New England. This is a fiat statement, but cerned. Nothing that he said to me one which we think 1s justified." during my contact with him indicated RECENT SURVEY DOUBTFUL DISTRESSED AREAS The report noted Amsterdam, N.Y., as a that there were any such leanings on CAN ATTRACT NEW INDUSTRY city that had made heroic ·efforts to heal the his part. On the contrary, I have the (EDITOR's NoTE.-The State of Pennsylva wounds infiicted on its economy by the de nia, Altoona Enterprises, and many other parture of its carpet industry without any firm conviction that Ambassador Smith community industrial development groups substantial measure of success. was taking a realistic view of the situ have worked hard in recent years to secure Burlington, Vt., was cited as the sole clear ation then prevailing in Cuba in that new industry in depressed areas. Much has exception to a declaration that the number he felt that a change in the Cuban Gov been said !or and against the goals of these of jobs brought in by induced industry rarely ernment for the sake merely of maki~g groups. An article on the subject appeared equaled the number lost by migration. Even a change was not necessarily desirable. in the New York Times of Sunday, Decem this observation was qualified by a note that He knew better than any person with ber 25. The article, written by A. H. Ras Burlington had started !rom a relatively high whom I have come into contact what kin, states that a survey of New York and base in its march toward economic recovery. New England has raised doubts that dis The university study did not dispute the could be expected if the Castro revolu tressed areas can fully regain loss of jobs. desirability of attempts by communities with tion prevailed. It was in the light of The article is reprinted here.) chronic idleness to seek new industry but it this knowledge that Ambassador ·smith Doubt that distressed areas can be restored warned that such moves were not likely to operated in a way which, in my judg to economic health by efforts to attract new restore their old economic position and in ment, was to the best interests of the industry has been expressed in a special sure growth. United States and the people of Cuba. State study. It suggested as an alternative the use of The survey of local and regional develop public funds to assist in training people for It has been the source of considerable work in more prosperous communities. The amazement to me to note how accurately ment corporations in areas of high unem ployment in New York and Ne-w England con report said the facts supported the wisdom Ambassador Smith predicted the course cludes that community campaigns to bring of assisting people to move rather than put of Cuba's future under Castro as we in new business have generally failed to off ting all the eggs of public policy in the basket talked privately in Havana, Cuba, in late set the job losses caused by the decline of of attracting industry. 1958. He had a much greater under old industries. Another device recommended in the study standing of the then present and the The study is certain to stir debate because was a conscious policy of giving industrially now accomplished future of Cuba than it runs counter to the philosophy of the rede weak communities preference in the location any man in my acquaintanceship. velopment program being drafted by Presi of colleges, hospitals, and other large public dent-elect John F. Kennedy's advisory com or private institutions. Where the cost dis Mr. Speaker, I know that the life, mittee on depressed areas. A key element in advantages of such a policy are not too great, character, and services of Earl E. T. the Kennedy program is the supplying of it can help expand job opportunities and pre Smith do not necessitate any defense by Federal funds to help localities finance con vent migration of young workers, the report me or any other person. His record as declared. struction of new plants and facilities as a The general economic health of the State a great American is available to all who means of attracting new enterprises. was pronounced good. The study urged that desire to appraise it. In my considered The analysis was prepared by a faculty continued stress be put on making the busi opinion an honest appraisal of that rec team at the business research center of Syra ness climate as attractive as possible and cuse University for the temporary State com ord will lead any reasonable person to on advertising the State's advantages in mission on economic expansion, headed by markets, money, and manpower. the inescapable conclusion that Mr. Devereux C. Josephs. It may be part of the Both the State and its areas of high un Smith would make an outstanding Am basic data for the final report the commis employment will do best, the report said, if bassador to Switzerland or to any other sion submitted to Governor Rockefeller and economic developments are not distorted by country to which he might be named by the legislature last Wednesday. attempts to inftuence industrial location in the President of the United States. In its own conclusions the commission an uneconomic fashion. expressed reserve about how much good the The authors of the study were Sidney C. I express the hope that the rumblings projected Federal program would do. It Sufrin, John H. Thompson, Marion A. Buck, that have appeared on the surface in warned that large-scale aid to areas with and Arland E. Charlton, all attached to the recent days will soon pass away and that chronic labor surplus might injure the total staff of the business research center. the appointment of Mr. Smith as Am State economy. bassador to Switzerland will become an "This belief is based on the fear that more or much of the industry and jobs which will THE "SANTA MARIA" AFFAIR AND accomplished fact. When this is done, be channeled into economically stranded or I predict that the people of this Nation, underdeveloped areas will inevitably be OUR AMERICAN-FLAG SIDPS IN as well as the great people of Switzer drawn from other industrial States, includ OUR NATIONAL DEFENSE PLAN land, will have a sense of deep apprecia ing New York," the Josephs group said. -- ~NG Even apart from this reservation, the com tion for the wisdom of our President in mission reacted coldly to the probabllity of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I naming him and the willingness of Mr. Federal action. It said it was not altogether ask unanimous consent that the gentle Smith to assume this important role in convinced that -Government assistance, un man from California [Mr. SHELLEY] may our foreign affairs. less of a more drastic type than anything now extend his remarks at this point in the 2494 CONGRESSION:A::L RECORD '.:.::-.- ~BOUSE February 21
REcoRD and may include extraneous ships are under effective control is that Ninety-three vet~rans of that war of matter. our Nayy could and would seize these long_ ago served in this historic Chamber. The SPEAKER. Is there objection ships, regardless of the desires of the Th,e gentleman from Illinois alone· re to the request of the gentleman from .crew, when they were directed to do so. mains. With him it is a solemn obliga Massachusetts? The recent incident involving the Portu tion in comradeship with those with There was no objection. guese liner, the Santa Maria, demon whom he served in youth, most of whom Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, there strates how imposible it would be to are gone, to keep aflame in a modern cent Santa Maria affair further high corral several hundred ships that are world the spirit of 1898. lights the fact that we should only trying to avoid seizure. In the early weeks of the war, training consider our own American-flag ships in The fact that the Santa Maria could at Camp Alger near Falls Church for our national defense planning. avoid detection by the U.S. Nayy while later participation in the siege of Santi There is at present a large number of in our own hemisphere, further high ago in Cuba, the gentleman from Illinois American-owned ships registered under lights the fakery and idiotic logic behind . was an infantryman in Company I of the flags of Panama, Liberia, and Hon the effective-control concept. the 33d Michigan, a company recruited duras that are referred to as escape-flag from the youth of Berrien County in the ships. They are referred to as escape district now represented by the distin flag ships because some years ago a group HE DOESN'T LIKE "JACK" guished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. of Wall Street lawyers created this trans Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, I ask HoFFMAN], my warm personal friend. fer foreign gimmick so that the Ameri unanimous consent that the gentleman In the same brigade and accompanying can international oil companies could from Pennsylvania [Mr. MUMMA] may the 33d Michigan to Cuba was the 9th avoid and eventually destroy the existing extend his remarks at this point in the Massachusetts, largely recruited from wage and working standards of American RECORD and include extraneous matter. the youth in the district now represented seamen and, at the same time, avoid The SPEAKER. Is there objection to by our beloved majority leader, the gen U.S. taxes. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc- Because of a shirking of responsibility, There was no objection. CoRMACK]. · coupled with the desire of some people Mr. MUMMA. Mr. Speaker, the fol Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. in the past administration to show favor lowing editorial, brief but to the point, is Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to certain major oil and steel trusts, our from the Lebanon Daily News and if it Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. American-flag merchant marine is defi portends the Federal spending spree in Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Is the cient in capability to meet national war dicated by current Federal action, we are organization you speak of the one in time requirements for merchant-type going· to need a lot of "jack" which is which our former distinguished col ocean shipping. the expression for greenbacks: leagues, Mr. Mapes and Mr. Michener, We are told that we should not be HE DOESN' T LIKE "JACK" both of Michigan, served? alarmed by this deficiency because there Newspapers in 1932 found the word Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Both served is a sufficient number of these escape "Roosevelt" nigh on to impossible to fit in the 33d Michigan. flag ships that could be counted upon in into small headlines. The substitute, of Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Both time of a national emergency because course, was F.D.R. Republicans. they are under effective control. A ship That familiarity granted public accept Mr. O'HARA of Dlinois. When it is considered by the Department of De ance, it was perfectly natural that when comes to patriotism I do not draw any Harry Truman ascended to the Presidency, party lines. fense to be under effective control when newspapers should adopt his initials for the following situations exist: Contrac identification purposes, even though "Tru Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Nor tual or voluntary agreements between man" was a far less unwieldy word than do I. the owners of the ships and the govern "Roosevelt." Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. And I may ment making the ships available to the Eisenhower was long and difficult to fit say to the gentleman from Michigan the U.S. Government in the event of ana into flexible type and Ike proved ideal. reason I left Michigan as a boy was that tional emergency; when the countries in Now it is logical that instead of Kennedy, I could see no chance for a Democrat. which these ships are registered do not J.F.K. should be permitted as a tool for head When I was a boy we had one Democrat line writers. This does not especially please at present impose restrictions on the the President-elect, however. He told the in the general assembly at Lansing, but operational control of the ships regis Associated Press he preferred Kennedy, al since then the people of Michigan have tered under their flag; and, when these though he would not object to J.F.K. But improved in their wisdom. countries in which the ships are regis he made it very clear that he would be Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. And tered have limited requirements. opposed to use of Jack in the headlines. suffered in their pocketbooks. The contractual arrangements are If one reflects upon the connotation of Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield worth less than the paper they are writ Jack as it applies to that commodity with further? which Mr. Kennedy is so richly endowed, ten on, because the owners that have his attitude is understandable. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. signed the voluntary agreements could Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Permit transfer their ships to some other coun me to say on behalf of the citizens of the try that would not relinquish control or · SIXTY-THffiD ANNIVERSARY OF county of Berrien, of the Fourth Dis the countries in which these ships are THE SINKING OF THE BATTLE trict, and those living in the Third and registered could change their laws, there SHIP "MAINE" the Fifth Districts, that they are very, by preventing them from coming under The SPEAKER. Under previous or very happy to pay tribute to the gentle U.S. control. der of the House, the gentleman from Il man for the wonderful ability and service The contractual arrangements mean linois [Mr. O'HARA] is recognized for 1 he has given to the citizens of Chicago. even less when we realize the basic fact hour. The gentleman has served them for that the seamen that man these escape Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, many years-ably and with patriotism, flag ships are the ones, and the only February 15 was the 63d anniversary of and I think they have profited by the ones, that really have control. the sinking of the battleship Maine in transplanted wisdom you carried to As to whether or not we could rely Havana Harbor, the tragedy that trig them. upon these ships hinges upon whether gered the war with Spain. It is an Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am sure that or not these seamen, who do not owe anniversary always observed by the vet in my district the words of my good allegiance to the United States, but in erans of that war and never has it gone friend from Michigan will be warmly re stead to some other country, whose unnoticed. In every city and every ceived. ideological and political philosophies are hamlet in America, while still there are Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The peo frequently and most usually different camps of the United Spanish War Vet ple of Chicago are to be congratulated from ours, would turn the ships over erans, it will continue to be observed upon their selection and retention of the to us. with services of loving tribute to the gentleman as their representative. This basic fact is ignored by these memory of the 260 American sailors who Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the advocates of the effective-control theory perished with the Maine and by the sac gentleman yield? who have continually maintained that rifice of · their lives started our country Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield to the basic underlying reason that these · on its road to world destiny. the· majority whip. 196·1 'CONGRESSIONAL/ RECORD ·-· ;HOUSE ·2495 Mr. ALBERT; It is a -pleasure to 'join recount to the House his valiant service from the darkness of foreign exploitation my distinguished colleague from Illinois in that war as a soldier. This was not a and of designs alien to the American [Mr. O'HARA] on this occasion. I con great war as we measure the last two concept of free and independent govern gratulate the gentleman for taking the wars; there were not millions of people ment, of the dignity of man, and of his time for this PUrPOSe. The House is engaged; you did not have pushbutton brotherhood under God. honored in having among its member communications; logistics as we know It would be strange and unnatural if ship a distinguished Member who is a them were unknown. But the suffering the gentleman from Illinois did not have veteran of the Spanish-American War. and the sacrifices made by the men who an interest in Cuba and an affection for I believe since the gentleman last dis fought the Spanish-American War were her people second only to his interest in cussed this subject in the House, those as deep as any in any war that has ever his own country and his affection for who served in the Spanish-American been fought in this world. The food was his own countrymen. One in his age War have become the senior veterans of bad, it was rotten. In many cases they does not discard as an outmoded gar our country. Not long ago with the had to fight cholera, typhoid, and other ment that which was woven from the passing of the last Confederate veteran, epidemics with which they did not know warm sentiments and deep emotions of the :final rollcall of those who served in how to cope in that day. So I am happy his youth. As a boy just turned 16 the the Civil War was answered. The Blue to join with the gentleman in honoring cry of "Cuba libre" was as sweet and and the Gray have faded into history, the valiant men who fought that war. I sacred in my ears as in the ears of my and now the distinguished gentleman know some of the difficulties they must comrades of Cuban blood and in the from Illinois is one of the illustrious have encountered and the sufferings they Cuban uniform with whom I served in group who are the deans of all living must have endured, for I served in the hills around Santiago more than six men who have had the honor of fighting World War I. I will not presume to decades ago. for their country during time of war. speak of World War II but will let my In those hills died the boys from A number of Spanish-American War distinguished leader, the Democratic Michigan, from Massachusetts, from veterans live in my congressional dis whip, do that. I do, however, compli Illinois and other States and the boys trict. Many years ago, they established ment the gentleman and want to pay my from Cuba, died as comrades in a com a colony in the beautiful mountain coun respects through him to the veterans of mon cause, that Cuba might be free from try of southeastern Oklahoma. With the Spanish-American War. European dominion, free from any rule the depletion of their number, they have Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the save that of her own people. opened the community to veterans of gentleman from California. Mr. Speaker, I have abiding faith that all wars. It has been my privilege on Mr. Speaker, when the House met on always there will be an enduring bond of many occasions to visit this community February 15 a parliamentary situation friendship between the people of my own and to address its members. unexpectedly developed that resulted in United States and the people of the land One of the issues between Spain and the adjournment of the House within a of my second affection. It could not be the United States which precipitated the matter of minutes after its convening otherwise. So many men and women of war was the situation in Cuba, then a and the special ·order of the gentleman Cuban birth and blood have contributed Spanish possession. Crushed by oppres from Illinois, as well as other special so much to our country that the bonds sion, the Cuban people had attempted orders of that day, could not be called. that united us in 1898 have been tight many unsuccessful revolutions. Their This explains why on February 21, in ened with each passing generation. For struggle for liberty captured the hearts stead of February 15, we are observing getting for the moment those in the field of their northern neighbors and many the anniversary of the sinking of the of politics, of the arts, and the profes American soldiers once more gave their Maine. sions, and turning to the :field of sports, lives that freedom might live. Mr. Speaker, as appropriate to this where all meet on the line of merit, with Today, Cuba once again lies under the occasion I would now address myself to the sole measure that of manly sports dictator's heel. I know I speak for the ·the subject of hemispheric solidarity. manship, I might mention that the base veterans of the war that brought free President Kennedy has reasserted what ball players and boxers of Cuba have dom to Cuba when I extend sympathy to President Monroe said in his day and received acclaim from American sporting her people and the heartfelt wish that it President Cleveland said years later crowds second to that given to the ath will not be long before they once again when European powers were threatening letes of no other nation. join the ranks of the free nations of the in Venezuela, Nicaragua, and elsewhere Hemispheric solidarity is the shield of world. by indirection to violate the letter and all the American Republics against the Sixty-three years ago today, 266 of the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine. In designs of those outside our hemisphere ficers and men died on the Maine. Let the affairs of this hemisphere the United and whose interest in our hemispheric us hope that another year will not pass States and her sister American Republics community is akin to that of a stranger without recognition by Cuba of the place will brook no interference by any Eu in a neighbor's home. these men earned for her in the family ropean power or by any nation whatso Hemispheric solidarity is the shield of of nations. Let us hope that a year ever outside the American Hemisphere. greatest protection to the smallest of from now we will congratulate, not only I am heartened that the generation of the American Republics. our war veterans, but a free and demo the New Frontier of the 1960's is seeing Mr. Speaker, I am taking advantage cratic neighbor, as well. eye to eye with the generation of the of this opportunity to speak with frank Again let me congratulate my illus New Frontier of Monroe's time and the ness both to the people of my own United trious and beloved colleague for the fine generation of the New Frontier of 1898. States and to the people of Cuba, with presentation he is making to the House The deep significance of the war with whom I am bound in the deep affection at this time. Spain, triggered by the sinking of the springing from the associations of my Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the battleship Maine 63 years ago, was that youth. gentleman from Oklahoma, and I might it marked the end of European dominion The fact is that in the new frontier tell him that whenever the Spanish War on American shores. It was the answer of 1898 there was the same idealism that Veterans meet in their national encamp · to the prayers of countless thousands of I envision in the new frontier of the ments the lads from Oklahoma always Cuban men and women, many of whom 1960's. In rescuing Cuba from the coils mention with affection the gentleman had died as martyrs, that their beautiful of European domination there was no from Oklahoma, the majority whip of island should be freed of European coils desire to annex a foot of Cuban soil to this House. and under government of, for, and by the territory of the United States. Al Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER. Mr. Speak the people take her place among the though the beautiful island of Cuba was er, will the gentleman yield? soverign nations of the world. The in but a few miles from our mainland Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. tervention of the United States on the shores, there was no thought of any Mr. ·GEORGE P. MILLER. I want to side of Cuba was a manifestation of American mind to take possession of pay high compliment to the gentleman hemispheric solidarity. It pinpointed Cuba as the legitimate spoils of war. from Illinois for bringing to the atten the legitimate interest of one member It is true there was a brief period of tion of this House the incident that of the American hemispheric community American occupation while the people of brought about active hostilities i_n the in .the struggles of another member to Cuba were preparing to take over the Spanish-American War, and I want to escape into the sunshine of freedom management of their own affairs. But 2496 CONGRESSIONAL :'.RECORn·.::....:: .HoUSE February 21 what is overlooked by both American and every man, woman, and child on this, our gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN Cuban historians is that at the very own American hemisphere. Working ZANDT], twice the commander of the Vet;. beginning of the brief period of occupa together, we will attain our objective, a erans of FOreign Wars, and ot the dis tion the United States, then a relatively free and abundant life for every .man, tingUished gentleman from Iowa [Mr. poor country in material measure, gave woman, and child on the American hem SCHWENGEL] be inserted in the RECORD its moneys to enable the Cuban soldiers isphere, but never, never again will we at this point, and that all Members who who had fought valiantly for Cuba be enmeshed in the coils of European wish to do so may have 5 legislative days libre and thus had separated themselves dominion which were broken once and in which to extend their remarks in the from the ordinary means of sustenance, for all by the war with Spain, triggered RECORD. money with which to buy land and thus by the sinking of the battleship Maine The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without reestablish themselves on an economic 63 years ago. objection, it is so ordered. basis. As the last veteran of the Spanish There was no objection. Meanwhile, the peoples of Puerto Rico, American War in this body I salute the Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, it is at long last freed of a cruel European President of the United States, himself a a pleasure for me to join my colleague, dominion, were facing a devastating combat veteran of World War II, and say BARRATT O'HARA, of lllinois, in his re famine. The United States, then as I to him that in his reaffirmation of the mark~ on the anniversary of the sink have said relatively poor, gave of its Monroe Doctrine he has spoken not only ing of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana means until it hurt to the relief of a for the new frontier of the 1960's but Harbor 63 years ago. famine that threatened the wiping out as well as for the new frontier and the In 1895 the revolt in Cuba had flared of thousands of the men, women, and spirit of 1898. up again, after more than a decade of children of Puerto Rico. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will relative tranquillity. During the winter These are the facts of history, dis the gentleman yield? of 1897-98, mobs of Spanish loyalists, cernible by anyone who takes the time Mr. O'HARA of illinois. Mr. Speaker, resentful of the well-known sympathy and has the inclination to delve in the I yield to the distinguished majority of the American people for the Cubans, records for them. I regret that modern leader. became formidable. Fitzhugh Lee, the American historians, too much con Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I American consul general at Havana, cerned with the exciting events of the congratulate my dear and distinguished appealed to his Government for support 20th century into which they were born, friend from lllinois for the remarks he in the form of a naval force in Cuban at times have seemed to lack both under has made today and for similar remarks waters. On January 24, 1898, the Maine, standing and sympathy with the ideal he has made during past years since he a second-class battleship, was ordered to ism that marked the closing years of the has been a Member of this body. He is Havana. 19th century. the only Member of the Congress of the On .the morning of January 25, 1898, If American historians, born in the United States who served in the Span the Spanish authorities having been 20th century and often seeming as blind ish-American War. He not only honors notified of her advent, the Maine, Capt. as bats in their interpretations of what the memory of his comrades with whom Charles D. Sigsbee, steamed into Havana happened in the period of the dying 19th he served by having the House pause Harbor and was moored to a buoy 500 century, have not stressed these facts while he makes these remarks, but he yards off the arsenal. The Spanish offi of history, one can scarcely wonder at honors each and every one of the Mem cials acted with punctilious courtesy, and the confusion in the minds of the people bers of this body. the social amenities between American of Cuba. The fact that he salutes the memory and Spanish authorities proceeded ac What we gave from our slender means of those who served with him in the cording to naval protocol. No untoward to rehabilitate the brave and patriotic Spanish-American War illustrates one of incident took place until9:40 p.m. on the soldiers of Cuba and to relieve the the traits of character that has endeared night of February 15, when two terrific famine-stricken Puerto Ricans, we did my friend from lllinois to all of us, to the explosions threw parts of the Maine 200 not extract from prostrate and poverty people of his district, to everyone who feet in the air. The forward half of the stricken Spain, whom we had beaten knows him. It goes with the sweetness ship was reduced to a mass of twisted quickly and decisively in the Atlantic of his character and with his courage steel; the afterpart slowly sank. Two and the Pacific and who was at our com and determination in the performance of o:mcers and 250 men were killed at once plete mercy. Even to Spain we forgave his public duties. and 8 men died afterward. the war debts and indemnities, assumed Mr. Speaker, my friend has referred Separate investigations of the tragedy for ourselves the expense of Cuban reha to the 9th Massachusetts Regiment, were made by the American and Span bilitation and Puerto Rican escape from the old "Fighting 9th of Massachusetts," ish authorities. The Spaniards reported famine, and were satisfied that through which h~s a great record in the military that an internal explosion, perhaps spon our joint efforts with the soldiers and history of our country going back to taneous combustion in the coal bunkers, patriots of Cuba and Puerto Rico we had the Civil War; and later in World War had been the cause; the Americans that ended the reign of European dominion II as one of the regiments that consti the original cause had been an external on American shores. tuted the 101st Infantry Division. explosion which in turn had set off the That dominion never will return as Mr. Speaker, again I congratulate my forward magazines. long as wisdom reigns and red blood friend on the remarks he has made to Later events are admirably summar courses in the veins of the peoples of the day. I know that his comrades who are ized by William B. Norris in his article, American hemisphere, whether they live in the Great Beyond are smiling down ''The Destruction of the Maine," which in our own United States, in Cuba, or upon him with pleasure. appears in the Dictionary of American any of the other sister republics of Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, History: from the bottom of my heart, I thank America. We have had our experience, News of the disaster produced great excite and for all time we have ended the in our beloved majority leader. ment in the United States, and accusations terference in the affairs of this hemi Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. against the Spaniards were freely expressed sphere by any European power or by any Speaker, will the gentleman yield? · by certain newspapers. Without doubt, the power whatsoever outside of our own Mr. O'HARA of lllinois. I yield to the catastrophe stirred up national feeling over American hemisphere. gentleman from Michigan. the diffi.culties in Cuba, crystallized in the slogan, "Remember the Maine." The wreck Together, as friends and neighbors in Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. remained in Havana Harbor until1911, when a hemispheric democratic society, we Speaker, if the gentleman will permit, it U.S. Army engineers built a cofferdam about will work out our problems. Social is a privilege to join in what has been the wreck, sealed the afterhull of the ship, justice must be extended in all the coun said and to commend the gentleman the only part still intact, and floated it out tries in our hemisphere. There must be not only for the service that he rendered to sea. There, on March 16, 1912, appropriate a stabilization of the markets for the during the war but since as a servant of minute guns boomed as it sank with its flag products of our neighbors, the economies the people of Chicago. flying. The remains of 66 of the crew which were found during the raising were buried of which rise and fall with the buying Mr. O'HARA of lllinois. I thank my in the National Cemetery, Arlington. market in our own United States. There friend froiQ Michigan. During the removal of the wreck, a board must be a lifting of .the fog o! poverty Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent of officers of the Navy made a further inves and a raising of the horizons of life for that the remarks of the distinguished tigation. Their report, published in 1912, 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2497 stated that a low form of explosive exterior to provide a sound foundation for the motto, harvest of VlCIOUS feeling against our to ·the ship caused the first explosion. Eu· ·"Remember the Maine." . ropean experts, perhaps influenced by several selves becSiUSe of the penurious practices internal explosions in warships in the inter Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, will of our American-supported industries in vening years, still, however, maintained the the gentleman yield? foreign countries. The sad circle of the theory of an internal explosion. No further Mr. O'HARA of nlinois. I yield to my U.S. Government buying friendship with evidence has ever been found to solve the colleague from Illinois. investment dollars in foreign countries mystery. · Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I de and our capitalists destroying the friend Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, 63 sire to compliment the gentleman from ships by proselyting the workers. years ago, on the night of February 15, nlinois for his interesting statements I congratulate the gentleman on his 1898, the U.S. battleship Maine exploded relative to his experiences in the Span patriotic presentation to his apprecia and sank in Spanish-held Havana Har ish-American War. Certainly the Cu tive colleagues. bor, and furnished the Nation with a bans of that period appreciated the con Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank my battle cry for the war that followed: tributions that the United States made colleague from Illinois. "Remember theMaine." in securing their freedom. But today, I wish to take this opportunity to say The Maine, a second-class battleship at this particular time, it seems that we that no one in illinois is more beloved built at the New York Navy Yard, was have not learned very much since the by the veterans of all wars than my col launched on November 18, 1890, and Spanish-American War. At least, our league the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. commissioned on September 17, 1895. failure to hold the friendship of the LIBONATIJ . Everyone in Illinois is tre Although she would be dwarfed by mod Cuban people strongly indicates that we mendously happy that he is to serve em warships, in her day the Maine was failed somewhere to determine new val them in the Committee on Veterans• Af formidable. She was 324 feet long and ues in friendship necessary to cement fairs of this House. 27 feet at the beam, and had a displace the friendly relations of nations. Mr. LIBONATI. I thank the gentle ment of 6,650 tons. She carried four It is with a deep sense of love of free man. 10-inch guns, six 6-inch breech-loading doms for the American hemispheres that Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, Con rifles, seven 6-pounder rapid-fire guns, we were brought into the Spanish-Amer gressman BARRATT O'HARA has gener eight 1-pounders, and four Gatling ma ican War. Certainly, our national pol ously invited me to join in remarks chineguns. In addition she had tubes icy as to Latin America was based upon commemorating the anniversary of the for four torpedoes. the Monroe Doctrine. Today we have sinking of the Maine in the harbor at If the bright sunshine on the morning abrogated the Monroe Doctrine by Havana on February 15, 1898. of launching day was a good omen, it agreeing to a hands-off policy on changes As we know, this tragic demolition of was to be a short-lived one. The Maine, in internal government of our South an American battleship cost the lives of in her 2 :Y2 -year commissioned history, American neighbors even though inimi 266 Americans, and formed one of the came to be considered an unlucky ship. cal to the very existence of our form of direct causes of the war with Spain. On the morning of January 25, 1898, government. It is sad commentary to Sixty-six members of that gallant crew the Maine arrived in Havana Harbor, look back over the many years and con are buried nearby in the national ceme ostensibly "to resume the friendly naval sider the loss of time, money, and effort tery, Arlington. visits at Cuban ports," according to the spent in coveting the friendship of cer We, as Members of Congress, by pa.ying State Department. Actually the purpose tain Latin American nations. homage to the memory of the heroes of was to protect U.S. citizens, supposedly Many great men developed to Amer 1898, have the opportunity of focusing endangered by the increasing friction ican leadership through their activities public attention on the patriotic deeds of between the United States and Spain. in the Spanish-American War. I doubt those men who made up the most color The Maine was moored to a buoy 500 whether President Theodore Roosevelt ful army in the history of the world yards off the arsenal and the amenities would have been so readily selected by every man a volunteer-the AEF of 1898. between American and Spanish officials political leaders as a candidate for pub proceeded according to protocol. For lic office had it not been for his popu SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED 3 weeks no unusual incident took place. lar appeal for a peculiar type of char When the Maine exploded, accusations acter appeal developed during his expe By unanimous consent, permission to against the Spaniards were freely ex .. riences in the Spanish-American War. address the House, following the legisla pressed by certain American newspapers. I know this, that our distinguished col tive program and any special orders Most Americans held Spain responsible, league, BARRATT O'HARA, who has all his heretofore entered, was granted to Mr. although the evidence was never suffi life fought for the interest of the Span ROBERTS Mississippi River between Mis of time by which the Federal Maritime Board other purposes; without amendment (Rept. souri River and Minneapolis, Minn., damage may suspend tar11f schedules; to the Com No. 12). Referred to the Committee of the to levee and drainage districts, with particu mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Whole House on the State of the Union. lar reference to the Kings Lake Drainage Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet District. Missouri; to the Committee on erans' Affairs. H.R. 856. A bill to amend Public Works. ADJOURNMENT section 704 of title 38, United States Code, By Mr. CLANCY: to permit the conversion or exchange of H.R. 4661. A bill designating the first Mon Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I policies of national service life insurance to day in Fire Prevention Week as National think there could be no more appropriate a new modified life plan; without amend Firemen's Day; to the Committee on the act I could do on this day that the dis ment (Rept. No. 13). Referred to the Com Judiciary. tinguished gentleman from lliinois [Mr. mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. By Mr. COOLEY: O'HARA] has made such a dramatic and Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet H.R. 4662. A bill to amend the transitional eloquent speech about the Spanish ans' Affairs. H.R. 858. A bill to amend sec provisions of the act approved August 7, American War and the veterans of that tion 4111 of title 36, United States Code, 1959, entitled "Nematocide, Plant Regulator, war than to ask my distinguished friend, with respect to the salary of managers and Defoliant, and Desiccant Amendment of as a mark of respect to their memory, to directors of professional services of Veterans' 1959"; to the Committee on Agriculture. Administration hospitals, domiciliaries, and By Mr. CRAMER: make the motion that the House do now H.R. 4663. A bill to amend section 545 of adjourn. centers; without amendment (Rept. No. 14). Referred to the Committee of the Whole title 38, United States Code, to provide that Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, House on the State of the Union. the income limitations applicable to the a motion to adjourn was never made with Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet payment of pension to widows of World War I such emotion as is this one. erans' Affairs. H.R. 860. A bill to repeal cer veterans shall be increased to $1,800 without Mr. Speaker, I move that the House tain obsolete provisions of title 38, United dependents and $3,600 with dependents; to do now adjourn. States Code, relating to unemployment com the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. The motion was agreed to; accordingly pensation for Korean confiict veterans; with H.R. 4664. A bill to amend the Internal (at 12 o'clock and 55 minutes p.m.) the amendment (Rept. No. 15) . Referred to the Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that the Committee of the Whole House on the State cost of all medicine and drugs for the tax House adjourned until tomorrow, of the Union. payer and his spouse, rather than only the Wednesday, February 22, 1961, at 12 Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on excess over 1 percent of adjusted gross in o'clock noon. Veterans' Affairs. H.R. 861. A bill to pro come as otherwise provided, may be included vide that no application shall be required in computing the medical expense deduction for the payment of statutory awards forcer where such taxpayer or spouse is 65 or over; EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, tain conditions which, prior to August 1, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1952, have been determined by the Veterans' H.R. 4665. A bill to amend title II of the ETC. Administration to be service connected; Social Security Act to increase the amount Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive without amendment (Rept. No. 16). Re of outside earnings permitted from $1,200 to ferred to the Committee of the Whole House $1,800 yearly without deductions from bene communications were taken from the on the state of the Union. fits thereunder; to the Committee on Ways Speaker's table and referred as follows: Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet and Means. 590. A letter from the Acting Administra erans' Affairs. H.R. 866. A bill to amend H.R. 4666. A bill to amend title II of the tor, Federal Aviation Agency, transmitting section 4004 of title 38, United States Code, Social Security Act to reduce from 72 to 70 the annual report of the Federal Aviation to require that the Board of Veterans• Ap the age at which beneficiaries are no longer Agency prepared by Administrator E. R. peals render findings of fact and conclu subject to restrictions on outside earnings; Quesada for calendar year 1960; to the Com sions of law in the opinions setting forth its to the Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. decisions on appeals; with amendment By Mr. JAMES C. DAVIS (by request): 591. A letter from the chairman, Joint (Rept. No. 17). Referred to the Committee H.R. 4667. A b111 to amend title 39 of the Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation, of the Whole House on the state of the United States Code to provide for the sub transmitting a report by the Joint Commit Union. stitution of truck vehicles for highway post tee on Internal Revenue Taxation, dated Feb Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet office transportation; to the Committee on ruary 4, 1961, covering refunds and credits erans' Affairs. H.R. 2953. A bill to amend Post Office and Civil Service. of internal revenue taxes for the fiscal year section 521 of title 38, United States Code, By Mr. DINGELL: ended June 30, 1959, pursuant to section 6405 to provide that certain service shall be H.R. 4668. A b111 to provide for advance of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (H. creditable for pension purposes; with consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Doc. No. 93); to the Committee on Ways and amendment (Rept. No. 18). Referred to the Service and with State wildlife agencies be Means and ordered to be printed. Committee of the Whole House on the state fore the beginning of any Federal program 592. A letter from the Secretary of Agri of the Union. involving the use of pesticides or other chem culture, transmitting a draft of a proposed Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Committee on Vet icals designed for mass .biological controls; bill entitled "A bill to provide an increase of erans' Affairs. H.R. 3587. A bill to amend to the Committee on Merchant Marine and $2 billion in the authority of title I of the section 612 of title 38, United States Code, Fisheries. Agricultural Trade Development and Assist to provide outpatient medical and dental By Mr. DOWDY: ance Act of 1954, as amended (Public Law treatment for veterans of the Indian wars on H.R. 4669. A bill to amend the law relat 480, 83d Cong.) for calendar year 1961"; to the same basis as such treatment is ing to gambling in the District of Columbia; the Committee on Agriculture. furnished to veterans of the Spanish-Amer to the Committee on the District of Co 593. A letter from the Administrator, ican War; without amendment (Rept. No. lumbia. Housing and Home Finance Agency, trans 19). Referred to the Committee of the H.R. 4670. A bill to amend the law relating mitting a report on a violation of section Whole House on the State of the Union. to indecent publications in the District of 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2499 Columbia; to the Committee on the District By Mr. MORSE: or loss of use of both vocal chords, witn of Columbia. H.R. 4686. A blll to provide for the estab resulting complete aphonia; to the Commit By Mr. FLOOD: lishment of Cape Cod National Seashore tee on Veterans' Affairs. H.R. 4671. A blll to provide for the estab Park; to the Committee on Interior and By Mr. WALTER: lishment of national cemeteries in the Com Insular Affairs. H.R. 4700. A b111 to amend section 11 of monwealth of Pennsylvania; to the Com H.R. 4687. A blll to amend the act to pro the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950; mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. mote the education of the blind, approved to the Committee on Un-American Activ H.R. 4672. A blll to amend title 38, United March 3, 1879, as amended, so as to author ities. States Code, to provide for the payment of ize wider distribution of books and other By Mr. BASS of New Hampshire: pensions to veterans of World War I; to the special instruction materials for the blind, H.R. 4701. A b111 to amend the Federal Em Committee on Veterans' Affairs. and to increase the appropriations author ployees' Compensation Act, as amended, to By Mr. GIAIMO: ized for this purpose, and to otherwise im provide appeal rights to employees of the H.R. 4673. A blll to promote the preserva prove such act; to the Committee on Edu Canal Zone Government and the Panama tion, for the publlc use and benefit, of cer cation and Labor. Canal Company; to the Committee on Edu tain portions of the shorellne areas of the By Mr. NYGAARD: cation and Labor. United States; to the Committee on Interior H.R. 4688. A bill to amend the National By Mr. DINGELL: and Insular Affairs. School Lunch Act to provide for a more H.R. 4702. A b111 to amend the act creating By Mr. GOODLING: equitable distribution of the funds available the Federal aid to wildlife restoration fund; H.R. 4674. A bill to amend the Federal De under such act, and for other purposes; to to the Committee on Merchant Marine and posit Insurance Act to increase the amount the Committee on Education and Labor. Fisheries. of a deposit which may be insured under By Mr. O'KONSKI: By Mr. HOLLAND: that act; to the Committee on Banking and H.R. 4689. A bill to amend section 709 of H.R. 4703. A b111 to authorize the retrain Currency. title 38, United States Code, with respect to ing of persons displaced from their jobs by By Mr. HOLLAND: the effective date of national service life in automation or other technological develop H.R. 4675. A bill to amend the Federal surance applied for by members of the Armed ment, foreign competition, relocation of in Coal Mine Safety Act in order to remove Forces on active duty; to the Committee on dustry, shifts in market demands, or other the exemption with respect to certain mines Veterans' Affairs. change in the structure of the economy; to employing no more than 14 individuals; to By Mr. PASSMAN: the Committee on Education and Labor. the Committee on Education and Labor. H.R. 4690. A bill to repeal the excise tax By Mr. McDOWELL: H.R. 4676. A bill to prevent the use of stop on amounts paid for communication services H.J. Res. 250. Joint resolution to estab watches or other measuring devices in the or facilities; to the Commitee on Ways and lish a Joint Congressional Committee on In postal services; to the Committee on Post Means. telligence; to the Committee on Rules. Office and Civil Service. By Mr. SEELY-BROWN: By Mr. PASSMAN: By Mr. JOHNSON of Callfornia: H.R. 4691. A bill to require the expenditure H.J. Res. 251. Joint resolution proposing H.R. 4677. A bill to amend title 38, United of 75 ' percent of the funds expended for the an amendment to the Constitution of the States Code, to provide for· the payment of conversion, alteration, and repair of naval United States relative to equal rights for vessels to be expended with private ship men and women; to the Committee on the pensions to veterans of World War I; to the Judiciary. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. repair yards; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. TEAGUE of California: By Mrs. KELLY: H.J. Res. 252, Joint resolution proposing an H.R. 4678. A b111 to amend the Fa.lr Labor By Mr. TEAGUE of California: H.R. 4692. A bill to permit the Department amendment to the Constitution of the Standards Act of 1938 so as to increase from United States relative to equal rights for e1 to $1.25 the minimum hourly wage pre of Agriculture to cooperate with the meat inspection services of the various States; to men and women; to the Committee on the scribed by section 6(a) (1) of that act; to the Judiciary. Committee on Education and Labor. the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: By Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: H.R. 4679. A bill to amend section 214 of H.R. 4693. A bill to amend the Tariff Act H. Con. Res. 168. Concurrent resolution ex the Internal Revenue COde of 1954 (relating of 1930 with respect to the persons for whose pressing the sense of Congress that the to deduction of expenses for the care of cer benefit imported articles must be nmrked United States should not grant further tariff tain dependents); to the Committee on Ways with the country of origin; and for other reductions under the provisions of the Trade and Means. purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Agreements Extension Act of 1958, and for H.R. 4680. A blll to amend title II of the Means. other purposes; to the Committee on Ways Social Security Act so as to remove the llmi H.R. 4694. A blll to amend the Tariff Act and Means. tation upon the amount of outside income of 1930 with respect to the persons for whose By Mr. GROSS: which an individual may earn while receiv benefit imported articles made of cotton fiber H. Res.182. Resolution amending clause ing benefits thereunder; to the 9<>mmittee on must be marked with the country of origin; 2 (a) of rule XI and clause 4 of rule XXI of Ways and Means. and for other purposes; to the Committee the Rules of the House of Representatives; H.R. 4681. A bill to provide a deduction for on Ways and Means. to the Committee on Rules. income-tax purposes, in the case of a disa By Mr. WHITI'EN: bled individual, .for expenses for transporta H.R. 4695. A blll to amend the Commu tion to and from work; and to provide an nications Act of 1934, with respect to the MEMORIALS additional exemption for income tax pur hours of operation of certain broadcasting poses for a taxpayer or spouse who is physi stations; to the Committee on Interstate Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials cally or mentally incapable of caring for and Foreign Commerce. were presented and referred, as follows: himself; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 4696. A blll to provide for determina By Mr. HARRISON of Wyoming: Joint me Means. tion ·through judiclal proceedings of claims morial of the House of Representatives, 36th By Mr. KYL: for compensation on account of disabllity State Legislature of the State of Wyoming, H.R. 4682. A blll to authorize the Secretary or death resulting from disease or injury in memorializing the Congress of the United of Agriculture to sell and convey certain lands curred or aggravated in llne of duty while States to provide legislation designed and in the State of Iowa to the State of Iowa; serving in the active mll1tary or naval serv with reference to the recognition of the to the Committee on Agriculture. ice, including those who served during rights and laws of the State o! Wyoming By Mr. McDONOUGH: peacetime, and for other purposes; to the relating to the control, development, appro H.R. 4683. A .blll to amend title II of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. priation, and use of waters within the State's Social Security Act so as to remove the llmi By Mr. WILSON of California: boundaries; to the Committee on Interior tation upon the amount of outside income H.R. 4697. A bill to provide that the Chan and Insular Affairs. which an individual may earn while receiv nel Islands off the coast of southern Califor Also, joint memorial of the House of Rep ing benefits thereunder; to the Committee on nia shall be referred to as the Juan Rodri resentatives, 36th State Legislature of the Ways and Means. gues Cabrillo Islands; to the Committee on State of Wyoming, memorializing the Con By Mr. MATHIAS: Interior and Insular Affairs. gress of the United States to enact certain H.R. 4684. A blll to establish the Chesa H.R. 4698. A bill to amend section 217 of legislation to make various areas of reclama peake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park, the Social Security Act to provide that cer tion nonreimbursable to the full extent of in the State of Maryland, and for othei pur tain milltary or naval service not now cred the national interest; to the Committee on poses; to the Committee on Interior and In itable toward benefits under title II of such Interior and Insular Affairs. sular Affairs. act may be counted toward such benefits 1f Also, joint memorial of the House of Rep By Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER: such service is not used in determining en resentatives, 36th State Legislature of the H.R. 4685. A bill to amend title 38, United titlement to, or the amount of, milltary State of Wyoming, memorializing the Con States Code, to provide for the removal of retired pay; to the Committee on Ways and gress of the United States to provide legisla the financial statement, now required by the Means. tion regarding the feasibil1ty reports required Veterans' Administration for admittance to H.R. 4699. A bill to amend title 38 of the in connection with applications for Federal Veterans' Administration .hospitals; to the United States Code to provide additional small projects loans, and requiring such re Committee on Veterans' Affairs. compensation for veterans suffering the loss ports only when they are needed to establish 2500 CONGRESSIONAL ,RECORD- HOUSE · · February 21 the ablllty of the borrowing entity toerepay dent and the Congress. of the United States H.R. 4712. A bill for the relief of Daniel the loan; to the Committee on Interior and · relative to ratification of a proposed amend Rountree; to the ·Committee on the Judi Insular Affairs. ment to the Constitution of the United ciary. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legisla States granting representation in the elec By Mr. KILGORE: ture of the State of California, memorializ toral college to the District of Columbia; to H.R. 4713. A bill for the relief of Robert Ing the President and the Congress of the the Committee on the Judiciary. Burns DeWitt; to the Committee on the Ju United States relating to pear decline; to diciary. the Comrilittee on Agriculture. · By Mr. KYL: Also, memorial of the Legislature of the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 4714. A bill for the relief of Nora E. State of New Mexico, memorializing the Barnes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. President and the Congress of the United Under clause 1 of rule xxn, private By Mr. McDOWELL: States relative to ratification of the proposed bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 4715. A bill for the relief of Helena amendment to the Constitution of the United severally referred as follows: Jasinska; to the Committee on the Judiciary. States granting representation in the elec By Mr. MOOREHEAD of Ohio: toral college to the District of Columbia; to By Mr. ALGER: H.R. 4716. A bill for the relief of Manuel the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 4704. A bill for the relief of Nick and C. and Catalina L. Tampoya; to the Commit Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Diana Papadopolous; to the Committee on tee on the Judiciary. State of Wyoming, memorializing the Presi the Judiciary. By Mr. MORSE: dent and the Congress of the United States By Mr. BASS of New Hampshire: H.R. 4717. A bill for the relief of Athena to enact certain legislation to make various H.R. 4705. A bill for the relief of Giuseppa Nicholas Euteriadou; to the Committee on areas of reclamation nonreimbursables to the Alonzi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. full extent of the national interest; to the . By Mrs. BOLTON: By Mr. O'BRIEN of Illinois: Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 4706. A bill providing that the Presi H.R. 4718. A bill for the relief of Bogdan Also, memorial of the Legislature of the dent shall award posthumously in the name Kusulja; to the Committee on the Judiciary. State of Wyoming, memorializing the Presi of the people Of the United States a gold By Mr. POWELL: dent and the Congress of the United States medal to Dr. Thomas A. Dooley; to the Com H.R. 4719. A bill for the relief of Edward to provide legislation regarding the feasi mittee on Banking and Currency. and Betty Daror; to the Committee on the bility reports required in connection with By Mr. CLARK: Judiciary. applications for Federal small projects loans, H.R. 4707. A bill for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. WIDNALL: and requiring such reports only when they Pierina Di Ciuccio De Cola; to the Commit H.R. 4720. A blll for the relief of Dr. Henry are needed to establish the ability of the tee on the Judiciary. L. Salvacion, his wi.fe, Herminia Sabella Sal borrowing entity to repay the loan; to the By Mr. FARBSTEIN: vacion, and their minor children, Julius, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 4708. A bill for the relief of Humbert Myrna, and Sheila Salvacion; to the Commit tee on the Judiciary. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the A. Lie; to the Committee on the Judiciary. State of Wyoming, memorializing the Presi By Mr. HALL: dent and the Congress of the United States H.R. 4709. A bill for the relief of James L. PETITIONS, ETC. to provide legislation designed and with ref Hill; to the Committee on the Judiciary. erence to the recognition of the rights and By Mr. JOHANSEN: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, laws of the State of Wyoming relating to the H.R. 4710. A bill for the relief of Masumi 64. The SPEAKER presented a petition of control, development, appropriation, and use (Theresa Ann) Morishita; to the Committee William Netscert, Daytona Beach, Fla., rela of waters within the State's boundaries; to on the Judiciary. tive to requesting that no bill be passed the Committee on Interior and Insuiar By Mrs. KELLY: which violates the principles of equity orig Affairs. H.R. 4711. A bill for the relief of Dr. _Jyo inally intended to tie together annuity con Also, memorial of the Legislature of the tirmay Mitra; to the Committee on the Ju tributions and subsequent benefit allow State of Wyoming, memorializing the Presi- diciary. ances; to the Committee on Ways ·and Means.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Impeachment of Our Chief Justice: An REMOVAL FROM OFFICE However meritorious the criticism of Article II, section 4, of the Constitu Justice Warren, it would seem to be a Answer tion states that- waste of time to file impeachment The President, Vice President, and all charges with the Clerk of the House. ci-vil omcers of the United States, shall be It is possible that. if those instigating EXTENSION OF REMARKS removed from omce on impeachment for, and this drive to impeach the Chief Justice OF conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high would direct their efforts toward some crimes and misdemeanors.1 other method of bringing about the de HON. CLARE E. HOFFMAN POWER TO IMPEACH--cONSTITUTION sired result, as, for example, remedial OF MICHIGAN Article I, section 2, clause 1?. states: legislation, much time and effort would be saved, something accomplished. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The House of Representatives • • • shall have the sole power of impeachment. Just what has the Chief Justice done Tuesday, February 21, 1961 that would justify a conviction if he was TRIAL ON IMPEACHMENT tried by the Senate? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Article I, section 2, clause 6, of the Several of the decisions made by Chief Speaker, letters are coming in, advocat Constitution provides: Justice Warren and concurred in by ing the impeachment of Chief Justice The Senate shall have the sole power to other members of the Court are, in my Warren. try all impeachments. humble judgment, completely wrong; in Sometimes accompanying these sug the end will cause us to lose much of the gestions are Supreme Court decisions Whatever may be the reasoning be freedom which we heretofore have en which, in the view of those urging the hind this present drive for the impeach joyed. A real service can be rendered by impeachment of the Chief Justice, tend ment of the Chief Justice, in my hwnble those who desire the Chief Justice's im to make rather than interpret the laws judgment, not even a majority, much peachment by showing to those in local less two-thirds, of the membership of communities the unsoundness of his con as written by the Congress or the leg clusions. islative bodies of the States. That is the Senate would vote for a conviction. the charge-that the Supreme Court has However, when Justice Chase was on trial, 1 Madison, whose objection lead to the in Senator Giles of Virginia said: usurped the functions of the Congress. sertion of the more definite phrase "high "Impeachment is nothing more than an Whatever may be our views as to the crimes and misdemeanors," was the strongest inquiry, by the two Houses of Congress, correctness of the Court's reasoning and advocate of a broad construction of the whether the omce of any public man might final decisions-and I disagree with sev impeachment power. He argued that in not be better filled by another • • •." eral of the Court's decisions-at the capacity, negligence, or perfidy of the Chief "We want your omces, for the purpose of Magistrate should be ground for impeach giving them to men who will 1lll them present time there appears to be no ment. He also contended that the wanton better." • charge which would result in a convic removal from omce of meritorious officers •John Quincy Adams, Memoirs, I, 321, tion if Warren were impeached. would be an act of maladministration. 822 (1874). 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·- HOUSE 2501 The Race in Space-A ·Communications other American international carri'ers It ·has called for bids on this satellite, Satellite in Orbit Proposed by the Bell ' and foreign telecommunications adttlin'- expected to be launched as Project Relay istrations.' . . · · in mid-1962. The first launching ve Telephone System To . Improve Our T4e ;Bell System .hopes to m<;>ve for- hicles .available to NASA for space com Communications System on Earth ward with ·an active satellite trial in munications tests will be used in this about a year. · project. Following the highly successful Echo The Bell System position is clear: EXTENSION OF REM~KS experiment, the Bell System proceeded OF We are ready to proceed with trial of at its own expense with development and an active satellite at our own expense HON. GORDON L. McDONOUGH construction of experimental active sat at the earliest possible launching date. OF CALIFORNIA ellites. These satellites are designed Provision of satellite communications IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with repeaters to amplify and relay by common carriers is in line with U.S. radio signals with power generated national policy and does not conflict Tuesday, February 21, 1961 from solar energy,. They utilize broad with the aims and responsibilities of Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, band microwave techniques and are of NASA to foster rapid development. Project Echo which was used to bounce the type ultimately required to provide Unnecessary delay could be harmful the voice of President Eisenhower across commercial telephone, television, data, to our national security, to U.S. prestige, the Nation in a matter of seconds dem and global communications of all types. and would postpone international tele onstrated the practical use of a com The Bell System has been assigned fre vision and other forms of communica munications satellite which could be quencies for experimental use. It has tions not feasible today. Furthermore, placed in orbit and used as a relay for also asked for launching facilities so the the results of trials pointed as directly voice communication to all parts of the trial can get underway within a year. as possible toward a commercial satellite earth by radio bounce. It has offered to pay for satellite, for system are urgently needed to prepare The proposal by the Bell System to launching it, for building ground sta the U.S. position for international space finance the building of their own com tions in the United States, and is con conferences in 1962 and 1963. munications satellite and to obtain per fident that the communications agen Only the cooperation of our Govern mission for its use through the Federal cies of other countries will cooperate by ment-by making available launching Communications Commission for voice providing ground stations abroad. and tracking services-is needed to get transmission indicates the rapid prog It will make the satellite facilities the trial underway. ress we are making in the use of outer available to NASA and U.S. interna space for practical purposes. tionaJ. telegraph common carriers for In order to make this possible, it will experimental use. require the cooperation of the Federal Bell System space program is in line To Amend the Internal Revenue Code of Government to fire the Bell System with national communications policy satellite into orbit and to grant them and with the aims and purposes of 1954 To Provide That the Cost of All permission to use our tracking stations NASA. Medicine and Drugs for the Taxpayer in order to prove that this system of Long-standing U.S. national policy and His Spouse, Rather Than Only the voice communication is possible and may places the responsibility for efficient become an everyday operation for voice public communication, both domestic Excess Over 1 Percent of Adjusted communication to all parts of the earth. and international, on the common car Gross Income as Otherwise Provided, Public interest requires development rier industry. Throughout its existence of a satellite communications system as the Bell System has accepted this re May Be Included in Computing the rapidly as possible. sponsibility and has pioneered in all Medical Expense Deduction Where Heavy use of present oversea cable phases of communications research and Such Taxpayer or Spouse Is 65 or and radio circuits refiects the rapidly development. growing need for an expanded and more NASA has broad responsibilities to ad Over fiexible oversea communications sys vance peaceful use of space, making most tem. Satellites are ideally suited to effective use of scientific and engineer EXTENSION OF REMARKS supplement existing facilities. They ing resources of the United States to OF offer the most practical means of pro.;. avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. viding oversea television service and Its emphasis should be on research and HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER would afford highly desirable alternate development. Combination of Bell Sys OF I'LOIUDA routes for other oversea services, many of tem communications experience and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which are extremely important to our NASA space technology can avoid dupli national security. cation of effort and result in fastest pos Tues(tay, February 21, 1961 Project Echo, one of our Nation's most sible development. Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I have dramatic space achievements, demon Bell System efforts and plans are, in today introduced a bill that will assist strated our leadership in satellite com all major respects~ in accord with the our senior citizens in meeting the high munications. In an age when national views expressed in the December 4, 1960, cost of medical, hospital, and drug ex prestige is so important, we should keep staff report of the Senate Committee penses by permitting taxpayers 65 or over that leadership. on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. to deduct the cost of all medicines and Privately owned common carrier in The Bell System is prepared to move drugs, rather than only the excess over dustry should do this job. rapidly, shortening the span between ex 1 percent of adjusted gross income as The usefulness of any space commu periment and the goal of a fully opera otherwise provided, when computing the nications system will depend upon the tive commercial system of satellite medical expense deduction in their in extent to which it can be integrated into communications. come tax returns. existing domestic and international In October 1960, the Bell System ap No similar legislation was considered common carrier networks. The Bell plied to the FCC for an experimental by the Committee on Ways and Means System already has a vast domestic net grant for conduct of this trial. Fre.;. during the past Congress, although three work with worldwide links to communi quencies were assigned in January 1961. similar bills were introduced by Members cations systems abroad. Placing a sat The Bell System has discussed with of Congress. The only liberalization en ellite system in operation would simply NASA the provision of launching facili acted during ·the past Congress removed be adding another important group of ties at Bell expense. Launching date of the 3 percent of adjusted gross income international communications channels the first Bell satellite will be determined limitation in the case of medical ex through what amounts to microwave by the availability of suitable · rocket penses incurred by a taxpayer for a de towers in the sky. vehicles. pendent father or mother who was of the Furthermore, the Bell System has an NASA has taken the p6~ition that the age of 65 or over. As under prior law, unmatched fund of experience in com Bell System satellite trial should wait however, this 1 percent limitation rule munications research, in systems engi untii after experiments with a ~roposed continues to be applicable to all tax neering, and in working agreements with new .NASA active satellite. payers regardless of their age. 2502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- . HOUSE February 21 I have been concerned about this for attention is going to be paid to policies · provision of the Space Act as it now stands. some time, and ever since I have been in governing its use. During these hearings Space Administration In regard to what Government policy will officials disclosed that they planned to ask Congress have tried to find solutions to not be, I think it highly unlikely-no mat for a change in the provision as part of this problem. I strongly ·urge that ter how much study and effort is made their 1960 legislative program. For this rea seriou.s consideration be given to my bill that we will ever have a uniform, across son, more e-xtensive hearings were scheduled during this session of Congress to alle the-board patent policy followed by all agen at a later date in order to give the Space viate this particular problem. cies of government. I know there has been Administration an opportunity to finalize much sentiment for a uniform policy, but its planned revision and have it cleared I am incllned to go along with the Comp by proper authorities. troller General of the United States. Last On November 30, 1959, the subcommittee Government Patent Policy year Mr. Campbell told our Committee on met to consider the problem in detail. In Science and Astronautics that any overall the course of 12 sessions, running from No patent policy will nonetheless have to give vember 30 through December 5, the sub EXTENSION OF REMARKS "recognition to the functions and problems committee endeavored to hear all com o... peculiar to the activities of individual agen petent Government witnesses as well as all cies, as well as the differences in the types of private witne:::ses who wished to appear. HON. DAVID S. KING research and development being contracted NASA's recommendations for change ap OF UTAH for by the Government." So while we may proximated the approach of the National see the emergence of broad policies and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Science Foundation- that is, to leave the guidelines, I think we delude ourselves if question of invention ownership to the dis Tuesday, February 21, 1961 we anticipate the coming of a truly uniform cretion of the Administrator, who should Federal patent policy in the foreseeable act "in a manner calculated to protect the Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, a future. public interest and the equities of the con spec1al subcommittee of the Committee Finally, in connection with what should tractor." on Science and Astronautics looked into not be done, let me here state my personal On this proposal, the subcommittee re the question of whether the present conviction that Federal patent policy must ceived testimony from some 60 witnesses patent provisions of the National Aero not derogate from or be inimical to the from throughout the Nation and sought to nautics and Space Act of 1958 have been American free enterprise system. Anything obtain an po:::sible points of view in order which tends to alter that system without a to assure a complete record on the subject. hobbling our space effort. That com substantial compensating public benefit mittee reported to the 86th Congress that The subcommittee agreed to leave the record · should be shunned. To my mind, the trend open for an additional 2 weeks in order to these provisi9ns should be modified. toward sweeping Federal ownership of ideas accommodate those who could not appear Our colleague, Congressman EMILIO Q. and inventions as promoted by the National but who might wish to file statements. DADDARIO, of Connecticut, was one of the Aeronautics and Space Act does not, in prac tice, qualify as beneficial either to free enter In deciding to recommend a change in the members of that subcommittee. He law, the subcommittee recognized that re participated actively in its work and he prise or to the public at large. It should be reversed. search and development is the heart and spoke on the floor of the House when I think it will be reversed. And here let soul of the space program and promises to we passed the bill. Recently, he was me back up a bit in order to indicate why I remain so. It .recognized that the current asked to talk on the general subject of think so. law places an unnecessary burden on NASA Government patent policy at the Gov As some of you are aware, the Space Act because, first, it forces NASA to deal with ernment contracts briefing conference of patent section-which is patterned after the contractors on a different basis from the De the :federal Bar Association in Phila Atomic Energy Act and generally places title fense Department, which normally requires to inventions made under research and de only a royalty-free license to inventions pro delphia. duced under its contracts-although both I believe his speech sets out a distinct velopment cont racts in the Government- was written into law in Senate-House con agencies often contract with the same con viewpoint of what that policy should be. ferences without being subjected to hearings. tractors on similar work. Secondly, the law makes it difficult for NASA to secure the best I recognize that a strong controversy Ever since the National Aeronautics and exists in this area, and that others hold research for lowest cost and in the shortest Space Act was put into effect, its so-called time. opposing theories. I believe we will be patent section, section 305, has been sub hearing more of this subject in the com jected to criticism from industry and the We actually found some instances in which ing session and I stnmgly recommend professions. Critics have regarded the pro the contractors refused to take NASA con vision as a step away from those constitu tracts, but far more important was the ob attention to this statement which I offer vious fact that contractors who are required for the RECORD: tional requirements which are designed to protect the interests of the inventor as well to surrender commercial rights to their in GOVERNMENT PATENT POLICY as foster the open publication of inventions. ventions just do not give NASA their best (Remarks by Han. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO, of They have expressed particular concern in efforts. Connecticut, at the Government contracts ·asmuch as the National Aeronautics and Please note that in more than 2 years of briefing conference, Federal Bar Associa Space Act patent provision is the third major NASA operations involving close to a thou tion and National Bureau of Standards, instance since World War II in which Gov sand research contracts, each of which re Philadelphia, Pa., February 10, 1961) ernment ownership of inventions has been quired full disclosure of technical informa The theme of this discussion is "What the dealt with by statute. The other instances tion, only about 50 disclosures of possible were the enactment of the Atomic Energy patentable inventions or processes were Government Patent Policy Should Be." That made. This strikes me as rather eloquent is a broad topic these days. Certainly I am Act of 1946, under which the Government neither knowledgeable enough nor rash asserts ownership of inventions, and the Na proof that the Space Act patent section is enough to make any positive prediction on tional Science Foundation Act of 1950, which, not doing what its proponents claim for it. the precise question. gives discretion to its Director as to the dis One must conclude, I think, that in its re But I will make several preliminary obser position of rights in inventions and patents. lationships with NASA, industry is careful to utilize almost exclusively developments vations in regard to ( 1) the ext ent of Gov It was largely for these reasons-plus the ernment interest in patents in the future; fact that the National Aeronautics and Space already under patent or patent application. (2) what future policy will not be, and (3) Administration had by then had some ex In any case, our patent subcommittee ap something it should not be. perience with the practical application of the proved the change in the NASA Act, but As to the extent of Government interest- provision-that the matter was reviewed modified it by requiring that in all instances you can be sure this will become increasingly under the aegis of the House Committee on NASA secure from its contracts not less than high. For one thing, research and develop Science and Astronautics. a royalty-free, irrevocable license. We also ment in itself is now one of the Nation's In August 1959, ·Re.presentative OVERTON stipulated that such license should be suffi leading in~ustries--a fact deftly emphasized BROOKS, of Louisiana, chairman of the com cient unless greater rights are required un by the late economist Sumner Slichther mittee, appointed a special seven-man Sub der other Federal laws or are deen1ed neces when he said: "The discovery that an enor committee on Patents and Scientific Inven sary by the Administrator in the interest of mous amount of research can be carried on tions. He appointed Representative Erwin the national security or welfare. Finally we for profit is surely one of the most revolu Mitchell, of Georgia, as chairman, and I had added, as part of the legislative history, a tionary economic discoveries of the last the privilege of serving on that subcommit statement of intent designed to guide the century." tee. Administrator in determining whether or not Another reason is that the Federal Gov The new subcommittee undertook initial to take title to inventions. ~rnmen,t is putting up better than half of background hearings immediately. Repre This approach was approved by the full an the research and development funds sentatives from the National Aeronautics committee and passed the House of Repre spent in the United siates--ta billion or and Space Administration appeared that sentatives last June by a vote of 269 to 120 more annually-and any time Federal money month in order to brief the subcommittee on a motion to recommit and 235 to 31 on of this magnitude is involved, considerable and advise it on the effect of the patent passage of the bill. 1961- CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-·HOUSE 2·503
The Senate, however, did not take up the tries-arise from -the willingness of private m.an) wrote a lett.er to Chairman BROOKs, bill, so the original;patent .. provision remains capital to exploit protected inventions. This of our committee, in which he stated that in force. · has meant more and better jobs, improved a new arm~ services procurement regula In resp<,>nse to some of the ~riticism which standards of living, and a continuing flow tio~to become effective February 15- industry has su1fered because_of J..ts insist of opportunity for the imaginative and the would recognize instances where it may be ence on patent rights, let me inject a bit of industrious. It is the only part of our desirable to secure title to inventions made personal phllo.sophy. economical concept designed to promote under m111ta.ry research contracts. "This I am well aware that some segments of monopoly. But the patent monopoly, also recognition," it was stated, "can in large American bu_siness have been frowned on as by design, is temporary. And as a matter measure be attributed to the work of your unpatriotic when they drag their feet about of fact it rarely lasts the full 17 years; in committee in endorsing the work of the Sub doing research work for the Government un today's world of rapid communications and committee on Patents and Scientific Inven der contracts which require them to sun·en technological improvement, the effective life tions." der commercial rights in inventions. Per of a patent is usually cut short by ma.rked At the same time, it is interesting to note haps there are instances where this is improvements. that subsequent to the work of our com justified. · The extreme importance of the patent to mittee, the Atomic Energy Commission has But I want to quote this bit from our sub- private initiative, however, is well1llustrated issued a regulation permitting private con committee report: . by business in my own Connecticut district tractors to secure greater rights in nuclear "There are hard reasons why individual of Hartford County. inventions for production abroad. In fact, contractors do not wish to be classified as For example, the Kamman Aircraft Co., the new regulation, effective January 11 this ones holding out on research efforts so vital which produces vertical-lift aircraft and em year, leaves the title in the contractor for to the Nation. To do so places management ploys more than 5,000 people, owes its entire purposes of foreign patents-subject to a officials between the devil and the deep. existence to one or two patents. In addi free Government license and certain other They are responsible under the private enter tion, the United Aircraft Co., which is the licensing conditions. I am not suggesting prise system for operating a profitable largest single employer in the State, began that the AEC action resulted from our ef business, yet if they decline Government its present corporate life in 1925 on the forts, but I do believe that the light thrown business because it is unprofitable, they be strength of a few internal combustion pat on the subject by the proposed NASA patent come vulnerable to charges of lack of patri ents. amendments served to stimulate the review otism. American industry should not be Of course there is nothing unique about process. placed in this awkward, often injurious, this. It has happened all across the coun Thus, there may be a gradual converging position." try. I recall that in testimony before our of the extreme positions on this problem I subscribe to that position wholeheartedly. committee last year, officers of Raytheon into a workable and enduring middleway. It also seems pertinent to ask what hap Manufacturing Co., in Waltham, Mass., re This is my hope at any rate, for I believe pens when the Government does take title ported that Raytheon's phenomenal post that a big part of our Nation's future wel to inventions produced under its research World War II growth emanated from several fare depends on it. contracts. basic patents held on the magnetron tube. If Federal ownership gave the Govern This bring me back to the question of ment an advantage it does not receive from why I think the recent trend toward Gov an irrevocable royalty-free license, if it ernment ownership of patents arising from normally enhanced the public interest, if it Federal research and development contracts Inventors' Congress actually stimulated commercial use of the will be, if not revised, at least modified. invention-then the Government pays When our patent subcommittee began EXTENSION OF REMARKS Government must own concept would indeed work on this problem in 1959, it soon became be valid. Inquiry, however, shows that in apparent that while we were concerned pri OJ' a heavy majority of cases Government owner marily with the national space program ship accomplishes none of these things. that program actually spread across the en HON. HJALMAR C. NYGAARD The Government does not make, a.nd never tire industrial spectrum: electronics, metals, OF NORTH DAKOTA has made, any significant effort to protect fuels, ceramics, machinery, plastics, instru IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its patents, or see that they are worked. It ments, textiles, thermals, cryogenics, and a does not sue infringers. Neither does it hundred other areas. Consequently we re Tuesday, February 21, 1961 grant exclusive licenses, without which the ceived a comprehensive picture of profes Mr. NYGAARD. Mr. Speaker, one of invention is generally ignored by private in sional thinking on the research problem the many ways in which the people of dustry. Moreover, expert testimony indi from large and small business, from Govern North Dakota have sought to encourage cates that if the Government did these ment, from the legal profession, and from things on a large scale, it would be compet educators. There was nothing provincial inventive genius and new industry has ing with private enterprise to the serious about it. been through the sponsorship and sup detriment of the latter. From our study we concluded that a com port of an annual Inventors' Congress. This being the situation, there is little promise position was both possible and The North Dakota Inventors' Congress apparent value to the Government in claim desirable. was first suggested by Andrew Freeman ing title to such inventions. The license We could not concur with the theory that of Grand Forks, N.Dak., to the Greater which it receives is a broad one. It not only the Government should own every invention permits complete Government use of the produced, in whole or in part, with Govern North Dakota Association which joined invention with no payment of royalties, but ment research money. This was because with the Inventors Industry Association it allows the invented article to be produced in addition to the practical reasons I have of America, the industrial committee by any contractor chosen. The Government already mentioned-legal reasons also dic of the Devils Lake Chamber of Com has statutory authority to make, or have tate against it. In most instances the Gov merce and the North Dakota Junior made, for Government purposes, any e;rnment receives the consideration it bar Chamber of Commerce in sponsoring the patented product without being subject to gains for when it receives free use of all first Inventors' Congress. injunction, and without subjecting its prod developments resulting from its contracts. uct supplier to suit. In these cases the only On the other hand, we could not go along This first Inventors' Congress was held remedy is a suit against the Government for with those who argue that there are never in Devils Lake, N. Dak., January 20-21, reasonable royalties in the Court of Claims any circumstances under which the Govern 1957, and as an outgrowth of this con (28 u.s.c. 1498). ment should obtain title. We felt that there gress, the North Dakota Inventors' As Fundamentally, we need to take another were some---such as those involving the pub sociation was organized. The original look at the Constitution, which gives Con lic health and safety, unjust enrichment, board of directors of this association gress power to "promote the progress of technology without commercial significance, consisted of Carl F. Smith, president; science and useful arts by securing for technology developed entirely at Govern limited times to authors and inventors the ment instance and expense, etc. Milton Ekron, secretary-treasurer; Ho exclusive right to their writi-ngs and dis So we sought a middle way and expressed mer Ludwick, Otis Bryant, L. A. Joyce, coveries." it in our Statement of Intent designed to Leo Steinman, and C. E. Martin. Under this provision and the patent laws guide the NASA Administrator in his deter The stated purposes of this organi promulgated under it, we have done pretty mination of patent ownership. zation are to "promote and encourage well for 160 years in fostering technical I believe these efforts have borne fruit, inventions and scientific research, to ingenuity and disseminating scientific in for they appear to be at least partly respon conduct tests and work to establish formation. Nor should we forget that the sible for moves on the part of the two big Government exacts a quid pro quo for its research agencies who are at opposite poles standards and codes, to encourage the patent protection-and that is to make pub of the patent question-the Defense Depart scientific advancement of its members, lic complete information concerning the ment and the Atomic Energy Commission to assist each other in protecting and patented invention or process. tO modify their positions toward the center. promoting patentable ideas, and tO help Using such a system, we have seen entire On February 2 this year, the Deputy As promote the North Dakota Inventors' firms, companies, corporations-even indus- sistant Secretary of ~ense (Mr. Banner- Congress." 2504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· 'libUSE February · 2.1 This year's report on· the annual con ened economy. ·Business Publications the speaker. And: now-if· the panel is are dedicated to the proposition of pro ready-and in keeping with our theme, "New gress lists 687 inventions which have Frontiers for Business Communication," we be~n ~played .during_ the 5 years the viding a contiD.uing :flow of . knowledge begin with Mr. Ambassador Muller. Inventors' Congress has been held. specific to such determinations. Reason It represents an outstanding e:tl'ort on enough why NBP seeks each year to pre Questions ana answers the part of the people of North Dakota. sent the Silver Quill Award to that person Walter Muller, the Ambassador of Chile to show appreciation of inventiveness who has best epitomized those principles Mr. DALY. Mr. Ambassador Muller, if we to for which it stands and through which would increase the economic force of our and a. fine contribution the industrial hemisphere, how do you envision the fUture development of North Dakota. it serves. The Silver Quill, like the or role of the specialized business press in ganization which awards it, is synony channeling the communication of ideas in mous with consecrated service to strumental to an adequate exchange of trade business and industry and to the and to the advancement of all of the Amer The Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Ar Government which guarantees our free ican Republics? leigh A. Burke, Receives 1960 Silver dom of enterprise and its interpretation. Mr. MULLER. A fast increase of the eco Past recipients of the Silver Quill nomic forces of our hemisphere is an abso Quill Award of National Business Pub lute necessity to solve the increasing pressure Award and the year for which each was for higher standards of life in our Latin lications, Inc. so honored are: 1959, Gen. James H. Doo American countries. little, chairman of the board, Space The press, in general, has been called the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Technology Laboratories, Inc.; 1958, Sam fourth unofficial power of any free state. OF Rayburn, the Speaker of the House of Economic development implies higher pro Representatives, and Joseph W. Mar duction, improved quality, and intensified HON. JAMES H. MORRISON tin, Jr., former Speaker of the House of interchange of commodities and finished Representatives; 1957, Benjamin F. Fair goods. OF LOUISIANA The specialized business press is the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less, president, American Iron & Steel adequate way to convey ideas and methods Institute and longtime former head of Tuesday, February 21, 1961 toward those aims. It bridges the necessary United States Steel Corp.; 1956, Harry F. contacts between available capital on one Mr. MORRISON. Mr. Speaker, under Byrd, chairman, Committee on Finance, end with development possibilities and lack leave to extend my remarks in the REc U.S. Senate; 1955, Charles F. Kettering, of resources on the other. ORD, I include excerpts from the pro deceased, former director and research Modern industry requires ever increasing ceedings of the lOth annual state of the consultant, General Motors Corp.; 1954, specialization and machinery to produce quality goods at conven,ient prices. The Nation dinner of National Business Pub Herbert Hoover, former President of the business press keeps the information chan lications, Inc., at the Sheraton-Park in United States and Chairman, Commis nels open to supply the knowledge of those Washington, D.C., on January 27, 1961, sion on Organization of the Executive improved methods. at which the Vice President of the United Branch of the Government; 1953, Rich Production without markets is a waste of States, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, presented ard M. Nixon, former Vice President of capitals and efforts. Markets without goods the 1960 Silver Quill Award of National the United States; 1952, Bernard c. represent an unfortunate loss of possibilities. Business Publications, Inc.-highest Du:tl'y, vice chairman of the board, Bat I am sure that the specialized business press will face the challenge of faster economic tribute of the specialized business pres~ ten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn; 1951, to Adm. Arleigh A. Burke, Chief of Pau1 Wooton, chairman, executive com development and improve its methods to Naval Operations, for "distinguished fulfill this important task. · mittee, Society of Business Magazine George Meany, President, American Federa statesmanship in behalf of freedom, Editors. tion of Labor and Congress of Industrial service, and industry." The excerpts from the dinner program Organizations This annual Washington dinner tra follow: Mr. DALY. Mr. Meany, reliable researchers ditionally features a question-and-an STATE OF THE NATION DINNER AND SILVER substantiate the contention that advertis swer period participated in by Cabinet QUILL AWARD PRESENTATION, 1961 ing as well as the editorial content of spe officers, industry and labor leaders, and INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY MASTER OF CERE cialized business publications is read for in ambassadors, operating under a tight MONIES LOUIS J. PERROTTET, CHAIRMAN OJ' formation and instruction-which would 2-minute ru1e for answers. All ques THE BOARD, NATIONAL BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS, seemingly provide a distinct difference be tions and answers were in keeping with INC., AND VICE PRESIDENT, CONOVER-MAST PUB tween business-press advertising and that the theme of dinner-"New Frontiers for LICATIONS, INC. carried by general interest publications. Since criticism in some quarters labels all Business Communication"-and were de Ladies and gentlemen, as always, it is our advertising as simply an additional cost to signed to measure the economic future sincerest hope that the state of the Nation the consumer, would you be good enough to of America as the state of the Nation dinner will continue its prophecy of ever give us your reactions to the economic force was weighed and balanced on the scales better times to come. Here-at our head of business communication as represented of the business community. table-are leaders from the free world of by the specialized business press which Presentation was made before an over Government and industry. Here are the men must, characteristically, encompass only ad who will carve out the new frontiers of our vertising of a technical or know-how nature? flow audience of 1,700 top-management free enterprise. They have graciously con leaders from most of the best-known Mr. MEANY. It is obvious that advertising sented to answer one specific question re of any kind should represent something identifications throughout the sciences, lated to our dinner theme: "New Frontiers more than merely an additional cost to the professions, and industries of America for Business Communication." All have consumer. at the specialized business press event agreed to abide by our custom of a tight 2- Technical information, new processes, which remains one of the most notable minute rule. We are also privileged by the new products can be advertised skillfully and yearly occasions in this Capital which presence at our podium of a world-renowned usefully in the specialized business press. is accustomed to the best of brilliant news analyst, commentator, and correspond It is important that information about the banquets. ent. And, to you who number among his many advances in technology, science, and millions of Sunday night enthusiasts, he is industrial know-how receive as wide distri National Business Publications, spon the moderator of "What's My Line?" He is sors of the award and dinner, is the inter bution as possible. Progress and competi to be our moderator tonight, asking the pro tion can best be served by a wide knowledge national association of publishers of over gram questions. It is my extreme pleasure Of the different developments 1n the differ 200 technical, professional, industrial, to present to you Mr. John Daly. ent fields of endeavor in American life. scientific, merchandising, and marketing REMARKS BY JOHN CHARLES DALY, DISTIN To the extent that specialized advertising magazines in this country and Canada, GUISHED NEWS ANALYST AND COMMENTATOR can promote competition and can lead to all independently owned, audited and Good evening ladies and gentlemen. Mr. greater efficiency in production and distri published. Among the association's prin Vice President, Admiral Burke, and other bution, it can, of course, aid the consumer. ciples of practice, all important is the one members of this distinguished company, I We certainly hope that such advertising which pledges active allegiance to the am indeed honored to be a part of this high will consistently be used to serve that end. ly respected occasion. I am indebted to my This requires, however, that the advertising American economic system of free com neighbors and friends, who are members of include detailed information, accurate de petition. Therein lies the reason for the your fraternity, for making it possible. scription, and careful analyses concerning state of the Nation dinner. ~wers to our questions follow 1n the order the product or process involved. Sound business decisions are essential listed in your program. I will initiate each From my point of view, as a trade unionist, to continued prosperity in this enlight- question by simply announcing the name of I am hopeful that the interest of competition 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 2505 and greater efficiency could be served by in the field of computors, where the Penta of ·American-made products, what is your specialized advertising, - so that the con gon must have a wealth of data which could concept of the specialized business press as sumer will really benefit from the variety be immediately useful to manufacturers. an international marketing medium? of products and ideas that are developing The Research Committee of the National Mr. DEYOUNG. Mr. Daly, advertising and every day in the industrial and agricultural Association of Manufacturers has, I believe, other forms of business communication can world. Of equal importance, of course, is recommended that such data be automati gain new stature in these troubled times by the necessity that the machines and proc cally released after a 2- or 3-year period. It assuming the role of ambassador, as wen as esses and chemicals produced by those who should, of course, be carefully screened be salesman, in the international field. advertise them are made under the most fore release. It so happens that the Atomic We, as a nation, can do much to neutralize favorable working conditions in America- Energy Commission has a very active pro other political beliefs by effectively com conditions that insure adequate labor gram to systematically declassify material municating the philosophy of American busi standards. As you know, one form of adver which is very useful to industry. We do not ness life to the citizens of other countries. tising the labor movement has consistently know of any other Government agency which After World War II, communism flourished supported is the advertising of the union is operating accordingly. openly in many European lands. The Reds label as a mark of decent working conditions. To us, unnecessary withholding of poten brought Rome, Paris, and other capitals al tially useful material derived from many of * * * * most to their knees with general strikes. A John B. Connally, Jr., the Secretary of Uncle Sam's programs, imposes a triple creeping socialism threatened England. the Navy penalty-the individual company, the indus There was little industry and few markets try involved and our position in interna for products. Mr. DALY. Mr. Secretary Connally, the tional trade are handicapped possibly by But, as the economic picture strengthened, ships of our Navy not only serve as emis duplicated expense and unusual and un the Reds and their allies declined in popw. saries of good will wherever they sail; they necessary delay. larity. The Communist threat to take over also communicate the image of U.S. strength To us, the specialized business prees-rep governments by electoral victories weakened. and security. In supporting that imag& resented by this occasion tonight--is a logi Can the specialized business press help in reciprocating the good will it engenders cal medium for communicating declassified keep this victory for democracy won? It do you consider it imperative that we utilize material in keeping with its role of supply can-by proclaiming the advantages of a our channels of business communication to ing useful information to business and system that rewards individual initiative. share the fruits of our technology, and thus industry. Operating for a profit is not an interna encourage the economic growth of other Koichiro Asakai, the Ambassador of Japan tional disgrace. Because America has op members of our family of free nations? erated on this philosophy since 1776, there Mr. CoNNALLY. Mr. Daly, my answer to Mr. DALY. Mr. Ambassador Asakai, in your is a strong Western Europe today and. a that, very simply, is "Yes." In my opinion, country-as in ours-business communica healthy economic revival in Japan. international relations should be everyone's tion is recognized as the lifeline of industrial In many U.S. industries-including ours business. Those relatively few Americans- and commercial progress. In the dissemina the international field is the fastest growing and I assume that there is a large percentage tion of technical and professional informa tion through both its advertising and edi market. Distances are shrinking daily. But of them here tonight--who are privileged to shortening these lifelines is of little value to visit, to do business with, to have contacts torial pages-how do you estimate the the world economy, if the peace is constantly with our neighbors throughout the free strategic importance of your own specialized threatened. world should always be aware. of the role business press in stimulating productivity It would seem that communications in that they play in these contacts and 1n these and the expansion of international trade? Business Publications could well serve a relations. Mr. AsAKAI. One of the dividends enjoyed dual role by sell1ng the concept of free en The Navy, Mr. Daly, as your question im by a nation with a high literacy rate is the terprise, as well as our products, in foreign plies, has always taken a great deal of inter great respect accorded to the written word. lands. Despite the great expansion of the radio and est in this very thing. It's easy for us. Call it what you will, patriotism or self The very nature of the naval operations television media in Japan in recent years, books, magazines, and newspapers have one preservation, we of the free world are all makes the whole of the free world our close seeking the same end. neighbors. People-to-people activities have of the largest and most appreciative body of long been a Navy tradition and a proud heri consumers in the world. For example, daily J. Edward Day, the Postmaster General tage of the Navy. Businesses-foreign and newspaper circulation per capita of total Mr. DALY. Mr. Postmaster General-until domestic-are no d11ferent. They are made population is one of the highest in the world. just a week ago-you were a senior oftlcer up and run by and for people. Similarly, business, professional, and tech with the third largest corporation in the Now, the idea of using your channels of nical journals abound, and there is scarcely world. Tonight, you are the chief executi-ve business communication-to foster a new an industry in Japan, even quite narrowly of the biggest business of its kind, reaching business-to-business program-should pro defined, which does not have a trade pub out into every community at every level of vide an important new channel of communi lication or journal. Many in this audience national activity. As such-do you think, cation between this Nation and other know that these technical and business pub in your new assignment, you will apply the nations and peoples of the free world. Cer lications are full of reports on the latest principles you followed in a pri-vate busi tainly, if it is an effective program, it will do worldwide developments in technology, ness enterprise? much to engender, to foster and insure mu management, marketing, and other matters Mr. DAY. Let me say that, while I do not tual understanding which is so vital and of direct and practical concern to operating believe the Post Office Department is com necessary now among all the peoples of the businesses. pletely like a private business, we intend. free world. One index of the importance accorded ad to run it in a most businesslike way. Raymond E. Olson, President, Taylor Instru vertising, for example, is that the leading The question from your chairman gives advertising firm in Japan ranks fifth in the me an opportunity to express publicly, for ment Cos. world after the four leading firms in the Mr. DALY. Mr. Olson, in the area of com the first time, some of the basic ideas which United States. we bring to this Department. In the first munication relating to results from research In direct reply to your question, therefore, and development which are customarily place, the Post Office has the primary re Mr. Chairman, I would say that the business sponsibility of providing a real service to made available to industry via the specialized press in Japan is as important as it is in the business press--do you experience any detri the people of this country. As part of that United States in stimulating productivity service, the Department performs fUnctions ment to your production and distribution and in increasing domestic and international which could be attributed to the classifica far removed from the normal transmission trade. I might also add that precisely be of communications--even to the registra tion of technical material? Of cours&-my cause the press is important, any adverse question is in no way meant to refer to the tion of 3 million aliens a year and even trade news or even rumors, emanating from selling migratory bird stamps. declassifying of any material which might abroad, is widely and quickly disseminated endanger the national security. in Japan. This shows how sensitive Japan While we aim at increased efficiency, lower Mr. OLsoN. Mr. Daly, ladies and gentlemen, is to trade problems and developments and cost, and better service, we fully realize we in industry, of course, do not know what explains her great dependence on foreign that the post office today must fulfill many we have missed. In the first place, I would trade for her national survival. roles that are far broader than mere com like to say that we in industry do not advo munications. cate releasing classified research data which, Russell DeYoung, President, Goodyear Tire We feel that the most efficient and eco if released, would endanger our national &Rubber Co. nomical movement of the mails is our No. 1 security. Mr. DALY. Mr. DeYoung, business com objective. We further feel that the new It is possible, however, that certain of our munication-as evidenced by the special administration can and will make new and agencies in the Government have informa interest advertising and editorial material immediate economies in its management and tion which might be helpfUl to the indus found 1n business publications--cuts across publicity functions. try. For example, the Navy might have in all other boundaries, in providing our free We will now be able to study at firsthand formation on ultrasonics which would be world business communities with unmatched the manifold opportunities for long-range helpful to industry if released. That may approaches to mutual respect and coopera cost-cutting programs, elimination of frills apply, also, to unusual high-temperature tion. Since your operations are worldwide and our own opportunities to create a realis materials. Still another example might be and so closely related to the export potential tic budget. This budget will be based on a 2506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 21 thorough appraisal of the relationship be REMARKS OF LYNDON B. JOHNSON, THE VICE REMARKS OF ADM. ARLEIGH A. BURKE, THE CHIEF tween our cost, the huge deficit we have in PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, IN PRE OF NAVAL OPERATIONS, IN RECElVING THE 1960 herited and the functions which the post SENTING THE 1960 SILVER QUILL AWARD OF SILVER QUILL AWARD OF NATIONAL BUSINESS office performs, which are comparable to pri NATIONAL BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS, INC., TO PUBLICATIONS, INC., JANUARY 27, 1961, WASH vate business versus those which are of a ADM. ARLEIGH A, BURKE, THE CHIEF OF NAVAL INGTON, D.C. unique public service character. OPERATIONS Mr. Chairman, distinguished guests, ladies Frank Pace, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Mr. Chairman, Lieutenant Daly, most dis and gentlemen, an honor such as this can General Dynamics Corp. tinguished guests, my friends and sponsors only be accepted with great pride. But it Ml'. DALY. Ml'. Pace, the vast undersea area of the Silver Quill-20 years ago this month, is pride tempered with hum111ty. of the globe began to be exploited last year I was a shipmate in the Navy with two of To live up to the principles inherent in for the first time for strategic missile deter your most distinguished guests this eve this award will indeed be a high goal. But rence by the Polaris system. Major upcom ning-Ensign Connally, who is now your Sec the obligation to make the endeavor will al ing advances in knowledge and use of the retary, and Lieutenant Commander Burke, ways be with me. seas include an attempt to punch a hole who is now the Chief of Naval Operations. These state of the Nation dinners, how through the hard crust of the earth, known And I am the oldest commander, in grade, ever, are far more than occasions to honor as "Mohole"; increased missile activity on in the history of the U.S. Navy. individuals. These meetings held by the the surface and below the seas; achievement My memory goes back to the closing National Business Publications perform out of economical desalinization of sea water. of the Texas Legislature some 30 years ago, standing service for our country. Can you comment on those developments; in the middle of the depression, when the This annual forum brings together the can you offer suggestions which wlll enable Texas senator who had authored the Econ leaders of government and industry to dis the business press of the Nation to keep on omy Act called up a friend of his who was a cuss and develop solutions to our national top of such developments? judge in his hometown, and said, "Judge, I problems. And throughout the year, the Mr. PAcE. John Daly, I ponder deeply on just wanted to tell you that we passed the business press continues to help solve those this question. The next 40 years for economy bill tonight and abolished your problems. It provides a main channel of America is going to be a period of crisis. court." The judge said, "You didn't do it information--of technical knowledge and Winston Churchill described a crisis as a without a hearing did you?" He said, "No, professional experience-that is essential in dangerous opportunity. In America, we came we had a hearing." "Well," he said, "who maintaining the world leadership of the to think that when we conquered the West testified that my court ought to be abol United States in the years ahead. that we might have reached the ultimate ished?" The senator said, "Well, the mayor Today the United States is the strongest in achievement. And yet, it's well to re testified." The judge said, "Well, let me tell nation in the world-politically, econolnical member that two-thirds of the world's sur you about that mayor. We had to burn up ly and 1n11itarily. As a nation, we have face is submerged under water. And that several ballot boxes in every county to elect the power to overcome the perils of the future world is still quite unknown to us. We the man the first time." "Well," the sena and st111 further we have the wisdom and haven't reached it, we haven't conquered it, tor said, "he wasn't the only one that testi the ability to exploit the opportunities of we haven't even understood it. We have fied. The president of the bar association the future. made the start. testified that we didn't need two courts." Our goals are not easy ones. We face a Today, one of the great strengths of the "Well," he said, "let me tell you about the great many problems and underlying most free world lies in the Polaris launching sub president of the bar association. He repre of our problems is the Communist ambition marine which lends itself to our philosophy sents the criininal element in our section." to dominate the world. of defense through strength. As we probe "Well," he said, "the banker testified that we In preparing for the uncertainties of the our way into the ocean's depths, we find could do without your court." "Well," he future, we can, however, make plans and in not only new phenomena, but new sources said, "let me tell you about that banker and making these plans we do have certain of food and new sources of mineral. all of his family. They have been charging · beacons which can guide us safely through As we reach for desalinization of sea water, usurers rates ever since that bank got its treacherous waters. we find a solution to the great problem of first charter." "Well," he sald, "Judge, I Our basic national policy is stated simply our times--hunger. Communism feeds on think I ought to tell you that I was just and directly in the preamble to the Consti the hungry. When we reach out with our kidding you after all. A motion was made tution. To perfect our Union, to establish competence--our urge for the future to to abolish your court, but I fought that mo justice and order, to provide for our security, solve that problem-we are realizing the tion and I won. The blll has gone to your and most of all, to preserve the blessings quality of democracy. Governor and your court is still intact." The and responsibilities of liberty for ourselves· And, if we are going to do it, we're going judge sighed a sigh of relief and said, "Sen and for future generations. to do it through the system that has taken ator, why did you call me up and make me These same precepts-these same funda us where we are today-the free enterprise say some ugly things about three of the most mental concepts--determine the kind of mil system. The free enterpr ~ se system func beloved friends any man ever had?" itary power we need to safeguard and pre tions only when it is challenged as well as Now, I shall not transgress on your time to serve our precious freedom. For it has be understood. talk to you about my beloved shipmates- come apparent that neither we, nor our The function of the business press is not some of the best friends any man ever had freedom, could long exist as an island of just to praise it or to make it understood, but I do ask your indulgence for a moment liberty, in a world engulfed by communism. but to challenge it and to criticize it. If while I speak of one. Today our Nation is an integral part of a this is done, then this system that has All of us, as freedom-loving men and free world community. And the fortunes of served us so well in the past will be a means women, are heavily dependent upon dedi that community bear directly upon the of carrying us down the high road of the cated citizens who devote their lives to United States. future to leadership of the free world. standing between us and those who are out We are a charter member of the United ADDITIONAL REMARKS OF MASTER OF CERE- to destroy the freedoms that we cherish so Nations and a permament member of its Security Council. We have joined in treaties MONIES LOUIS J. PERROTTET much. Throughout history, every nation ha,g been deeply indebted to such men, but there and coalitions with over 40 other free coun Ladies and gentlemen-we come now to has probably never before, in all the history tries. We are bound by declaration and alli the climax of our evening and that ever ance with NATO, SEATO, and the Organiza proud moment for the specialized business of this Nation, been a time when our debt was deeper. tion of American States. We share in the press--the presentation of its Silver Quill hopes, in the aspirations, and in the efforts Award. You may be sure that there were Tonight, as we meet here, we have reached a stage where total tyranny has become a of free people all over the world. numerous candidates recommended to the This free world unity is of tremendous selection committee--all outstanding; all physical possibility. And we know it would Importance to the United States. Not only deserving. However, none sparkled with not only be a possib111ty but a reality, un in m111tary terms-but in polltical and eco such brilliance as the naval hero who is to less we had the capacity to fight back against nomic terms as well. For, as important as receive our highest tribute tonight. aggression. military ties-as military alliances may be- We are greatly favored by the presence of We have come here tonight to honor a man the foundation of real military strength is another great man of far-reaching leadership who has devoted his entire life to the de econolnic productivity and political stability. throughout the free world. A statesman of fense of our freedom. This is a man whose The citizens of our great country have no small stature--a Senator and majority name has become legendary in his own life willingly supported a very sizable Military leader of unprecedented accomplishment- time and who wm certainly be remembered Establishment in order to maintain this and now the Vice President of the United as one of the most outstanding military fig strength. We have a powerful Air Force, a States. ures in the history of the world. He has magnificent Army, a Marine Corps without Mr. Vice President-the Business Press of fought for us in time of war; he has fought equal anywhere in the world. And we have America is and always will be honored by it& to prepare us in time of peace. the strongest, most effective Navy in history. association with you and your momentous I cherish this privilege and I am proud of The importance of naval power-the im endeavor. We are delighted to have you the distinct honor that is given to me to portance of control of the seas--is increas here--not only in your newest c,apacity, but night to present the Silver Qu111 Award to ing. And this means control not in some as a distinguished naval officer and :fiyer an old friend, to a :fighting sailor, but, most vague undefined future but now, today, and to present the Silver Quill Award for 1960. of all, to a great American-Arleigh A. Burke. every day thereafter. The Navy must main- 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2507 tain a position of strength-demonstrable -atanding of the tremendous problems we Silver Quill is an honor that I will always strength-so great as to- leaven<> doubt that face. We need continued, enthusiastic sup- cherish and tonight is an evening that rwm we can and will maintain the freedom of the port in our· efforts, from all segments and sec- never forget. seas. tions of our Nation. ------A look at a globe shows clearly that there Many of you here tonight have already is a signlflcant characteristic common to contributed tremendously to this task. That · Mr. Paul Wooton most of the nations of the free world. They is- why I welcome this occasion to express my border on the sea. personal and official appreciation to the Na EXTENSION OF REMARKS The free world is act~ally a maritime con tional Business Press--al!ld to industry federation. This confederation dependa for which it serves so well-for all that they have OF its very existence upon the sea communica• contributed to the betterment of the Navy. tions which bind it t<>gether. Cut off these Scientists and engineers have helped us HON. OTTO E. PASSMAN communications and many countries of the simplify the design of our weapons. They OF LOUISIANA free worid would :find themselves isolated have helped us to eliminate unnecessary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without help, without supplies, without re gadgets, to reduce costs, without sacrificing inforcements, and at the mercy of some combat effectiveness. Tuesday, February 21, 1961 totali tarian aggressor. Such contributions as these are particu Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, a few From Scandinavia, all the way around to larly important, because weapons and weap days ago when Mr. Paul Wooton, the dis Japan, members of this maritime confedera ons systems are getting more and more ex tinguished senior Washington corres tion depend on free world control of the pensive and complex. Savings must be made pondent for the New Orleans from Thee and received from men such Revenue Code of 1954, the chairman of SENATE as George Washington. the Ways and Means Committee had As we face our responsibilities, we ask appointed Mr. MILLS, of Arkansas, Mr. WEDNESDAY,. FEBRUARY 22, 1961 that Thou wnt bless us, in our turn, as KINa, of California, Mr. O'BRIEN, of n The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, he was blessed. Bless us, we pray, that linois, Mr. MASON, of Illinois, and Mr. and was called to order by the President we may draw inspiration from his ex BYRNES, of Wisconsin as members of pro tempore. _ ample, and may draw strength from the the Joint Committee on Internal Rev record of his strength. We realize that, enue Taxation, on the part of the House. WALLACE F. BENNETT, a Senator from essentially, all his strength came from The message also informed the Sen the State of Utah, offered the following Thee; and we seek Thee as our source of ate that, pursuant to the provisions of prayer: strength in our time of need. section 1, Public Law 86-42, the Speaker Our Father in heaven, we come be Bless us, we pray, that we may be able had appointed Mr. DoNOHUE, of Massa fore Thee on this anniversary of the to preserve the haven of peace and liberty chusetts, and Mr. MURPHY, of nlinois, as birthday of the founder of this Nation, which he helped to create. members of the U.S. delegation of the to participate in a traditional ceremony We ask these blessings in the name of Canada-United States Interparliamen:.. that has been observed in the Senate Thy Son, Jesus Christ. Amen. tary Group, vice Mr. YATES and Mr. for many years since his death. In IKARD of Texas, excused. honoring him today, we honor ourselves; THE JOURNAL and. through honoring him, we honor On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING Thee for the blessings which Thou didst unanimous consent, the reading of the MORNING HOUR bestow on him in the days of his service Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, at to this Nation. February 20, 1961, was dispensed with. the conclusion of the reading of the The problems he faced were much the Farewell Address by our first President, same as the ones we face today; only there will be the usual morning hour. the circumstances are different. These MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE I ask unanimous consent that state problems grow essentially out of the A message from the House of Repre ments in connection therewith be lim weakness of man; and their solution sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its ited to 3 minutes. must be found in the strength that man reading clerks, informed the Senate that, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With can draw from the inspiration received pursuant to section 8002 of the Internal out objection, it is so ordered. CVII--159