2480 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD~ HOUSE February 21 at the year 1958 when residual stocks con­ throat price.s which will o1fset the cost of tain . that the quotas on residual oil im-. tinued to mount as imports increased! Re­ c_<;>nverslon, and. I am also advised tnat the ports should be so designed to permit the sidual went from $2.95 per barrer in Janu:­ on companies wm not .enter J.nto c:_ontracts coal industry. the domestic oillndustry, and ary to $2.37 by late summer-a drop of .58 to deliver oil at a definite and stable price the · transportation industry ·to meet the cents, equivalent- to $2.4"= per ton ln terms but.• instead, promis'e to meet" arid. undersell needs of exploration .and research, repair of coal. Actually, a great deal of residual the price of ·coal. 'I'hls type of competition wa8 sold under the list-as low or even is unconscionable and it simply. cannot be and replace damaged and obsolete equip­ lower than $2 per barrel {$8.40 coal· equiva­ met. ment, recoup employment losses, and main­ lent). Mr. Secretary, I do not ask for complete tain a capability to meet-the expanded needs I am informed that users 'of coal are often elimination of residual fuel oil Imports. i: of a national emergency.· I ask nothing lured into converting to residual on by cut- do ask for a substantial reduction. I main- more. One could expect nothing less.

"An act to authorize the Secretary of United States v. Harvey O'Connor and bring HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commerce to enter into contracts for the with you the documents and objects listed conduct of research in the field of mete­ in the schedule attached bereto and made TUESDAY_, FEBRUARY 21, 1961 a· part hereof. orology.'" This subpena is issued upon application The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The message also announced that of the defendant. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, pursuant to Public Law 38, 75th Con­ MICHAEL KELLER, Jr., D.D•• offered the following prayer: gress, the Senator from Alaska, Mr. Clerk. BARTLETT, and the Senator from Kansas, By MARY BRADBURY, Psalm 133: 1: Behold, how good and Mr. ScHOEPPEL, were appointed members Deputy Clerk. how pleasant it is tor brethren to dwell of the Board of Visitors to the U.S. Coast John 0. Bigelow, Leonard B . .Boudin, and together in unity. . Guard Academy. Morton Stavis, attorneys for defendant. 0 Thou, who art the God and Father The message also announced that MAY 19, 1960. of us all, grant that in this Brotherhood pursuant to Public Law 301, ~8th Con­ U.S. DISTUCT COURT FOB THE D~STRICT OF Week men and nations may be lifted, gress, the Senator from California, Mr. NEW JERSEY-UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. by the mighty tide of Thy grace and love, ENGLE. and the Senator from New Jer­ HARVEY O'CoNNOR, No. 232-59. into a more fraternal relationship. sey, Mr. CASE, were appointed members SCHEDULE-TO SUBPENA '1'0 PRODUCE We pray that we may never harbor of the Board of Visito.rs to the U.S. Mer­ DOCUMENT OR OB.JEC'l' Within our minds and hearts those chant Marine Academy. (a) The original minute book of the thoughts and feelings which were alien The message also announced that House Un-American Activities Committee to the Master's spirit of compassion and the Vice President had appointed the and of the subcommittee of the Un-Amer­ consideration, of patience and kindness. Senator from Louisiana, Mr. LoNG; the ican Activities Committee, which held hear:. Inspire us with a clearer vision of ings In Newnrk in 1958. and if there be no Senator from Connecticut, Mr. Donn; original minute book, the minutes of all the many noble and helpful things which the Senator from North Carolina, Mr. meetings of the Un-American Activities we are dally privileged to do together JoRDAN; the Senator from Montana, Mr. Committee or the said subcommittee au­ for t.he health and happiness of man­ METCALF ; the Senator from Indiana, Mr. thorizing the 1'958 Newark bearings, au­ kind everywhere. HARTKE; the Senator from Texas, Mr. thorizing the issuance of subpenas In con­ Show us how we may release the YARBOROUGH; the Senator from Indian&, nection therewith, and recommending pro­ hidden splendor of humanity and bring Mr. CAPEHART; the Senator from Ver­ ceedings · by contempt against 'Harvey to a Joyous and victorious fulfillment mont, Mr. AIKEN; the Senator from O'Connor. those capacities and lofty aspirations (b) All material In the files of the House Colorado, Mr. ALLOTT; the Senator from Un-American AcUvities 'Committee relating with which Thou didst endow the soul Idaho, Mr. DwoRSHAK; the Senator from to Harvey O'Connor, including but not of man, created in Thine own image Delaware, Mr. BocGS; and the Senator 1imited to sta!f memoranda, reports of other and for Thy glory. from Maine, Mrs. SMITH, to attend the Government agencies in the committee's Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. Canada-United States Interparliamen­ files,- reports of interviews, statements, tary Group meeting to be held in Ottawa :amdavits, recordings, correspondence, press February 22 to 25, inclusive. releases, .and proposed lists of questions or THE JOURNAL memoranda to be used by counsel or the committee in the questioning of Harvey The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ O'Connor. terday was read and approved. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (c) All material in the files of the House AGAINST HARVEY O'CONNOR Un-American Activities Committee relating Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I have to the Emergency Civl1 'Liberties Committee, MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE including but not limited to staff memo- been served with a subpena duces tecum ·randa, reports of other Government agencies A message from the Senate by Mr. which directs me to appear before the McGown. one of its clerks, announced in the committee's files, reports of interviews, U.S. District Court for the District of statements, amdavits, recordings, corre-. that the Senate had passed bills of the New Jersey to testify in the case of the spondence, press releases, and proposed lists following titles, in which concurrence of United States of America against Har­ of questions or memoranda to be used by the House is requested: vey O'Connor. counsel or the committee during the ques­ S. 610. An act to strengthen the domestic Under the precedents of the House, I tioning of any witness in Newark, N.J., in and foreign commerce of the United Stattls am unable to comply with this subpena 1958 in relation to the Emergency Civil by providing for the establishment of a U.S. Liberties Committee. Travel Service within the Department of without the consent of the House, the (d) All records and logbooks kept by Commerce and a Travel AdviSory Board; privileges of the House being involved. the House Un-Amerlcan Activities Commit- s. 707. An act to provide transportation I therefore submit the matter for the -tee in respect to the issuance of subpenas in on Canadian vessels between ports in south­ consideration of this body. June. July, August, and September 1958 and eastern Alaska, and between Hyder, Alaska, Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the the carbon copies of all subpenas issued in and other points in southeastern Alaska, subpena. that period in respect to hearings relating and between Hyder, Alaska, and other points The Clerk read as follows: to th~ Newark area. in the United States outside Alaska, either (e) All memoranda of the staff of the directly or via a foreign port, or for any UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DIS• House Un-American Activities Committee, part of the transportation; and TRICT OF NEW JERSEY-UNITED STATES V. minutes of the committee or any subcom­ S. 804. An act to amend the act of March HARVEY O'CoNNOR, No. 232-59 mittee thereof, reports by the committee S, 1933 ( 47 Stat. 1426), relating to the length To FRANCIS E. WALTER, staff or reports of any other Government of time by which the Federal Maritime Board House of Representatives, agency in the files of the committee, sum­ may suspend tariff schedules. Washington, D.C.: nlaries of interviews, a11ldav1ts, statements, You are hereby commanded to appear in recordings, correspondence, press releases, The message also announced that the the U.S. District Court for the District of proposed lists of questions or memoranda to Secretary had been directed to request New Jersey at Federal courthouse tn the be used by counsel or the committee during the House of Representatives to return city of Newark on the 31st day of May 1960, the questioning of any witness, or any other to the Senate the bill

REcoRD and may include extraneous ships are under effective control is that Ninety-three vet~rans of that war of matter. our Nayy could and would seize these long_ ago served in this historic Chamber. The SPEAKER. Is there objection ships, regardless of the desires of the Th,e gentleman from Illinois alone· re­ to the request of the gentleman from .crew, when they were directed to do so. mains. With him it is a solemn obliga­ Massachusetts? The recent incident involving the Portu­ tion in comradeship with those with There was no objection. guese liner, the Santa Maria, demon­ whom he served in youth, most of whom Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, there­ strates how imposible it would be to are gone, to keep aflame in a modern cent Santa Maria affair further high­ corral several hundred ships that are world the spirit of 1898. lights the fact that we should only trying to avoid seizure. In the early weeks of the war, training consider our own American-flag ships in The fact that the Santa Maria could at Camp Alger near Falls Church for our national defense planning. avoid detection by the U.S. Nayy while later participation in the siege of Santi­ There is at present a large number of in our own hemisphere, further high­ ago in Cuba, the gentleman from Illinois American-owned ships registered under lights the fakery and idiotic logic behind . was an infantryman in Company I of the flags of Panama, Liberia, and Hon­ the effective-control concept. the 33d Michigan, a company recruited duras that are referred to as escape-flag from the youth of Berrien County in the ships. They are referred to as escape­ district now represented by the distin­ flag ships because some years ago a group HE DOESN'T LIKE "JACK" guished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. of Wall Street lawyers created this trans­ Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, I ask HoFFMAN], my warm personal friend. fer foreign gimmick so that the Ameri­ unanimous consent that the gentleman In the same brigade and accompanying can international oil companies could from Pennsylvania [Mr. MUMMA] may the 33d Michigan to Cuba was the 9th avoid and eventually destroy the existing extend his remarks at this point in the Massachusetts, largely recruited from wage and working standards of American RECORD and include extraneous matter. the youth in the district now represented seamen and, at the same time, avoid The SPEAKER. Is there objection to by our beloved majority leader, the gen­ U.S. taxes. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc- Because of a shirking of responsibility, There was no objection. CoRMACK]. · coupled with the desire of some people Mr. MUMMA. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. in the past administration to show favor lowing editorial, brief but to the point, is Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to certain major oil and steel trusts, our from the Lebanon Daily News and if it Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. American-flag merchant marine is defi­ portends the Federal spending spree in­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Is the cient in capability to meet national war­ dicated by current Federal action, we are organization you speak of the one in time requirements for merchant-type going· to need a lot of "jack" which is which our former distinguished col­ ocean shipping. the expression for greenbacks: leagues, Mr. Mapes and Mr. Michener, We are told that we should not be HE DOESN' T LIKE "JACK" both of Michigan, served? alarmed by this deficiency because there Newspapers in 1932 found the word Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Both served is a sufficient number of these escape­ "Roosevelt" nigh on to impossible to fit in the 33d Michigan. flag ships that could be counted upon in into small headlines. The substitute, of Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Both time of a national emergency because course, was F.D.R. Republicans. they are under effective control. A ship That familiarity granted public accept­ Mr. O'HARA of Dlinois. When it is considered by the Department of De­ ance, it was perfectly natural that when comes to patriotism I do not draw any Harry Truman ascended to the Presidency, party lines. fense to be under effective control when newspapers should adopt his initials for the following situations exist: Contrac­ identification purposes, even though "Tru­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Nor tual or voluntary agreements between man" was a far less unwieldy word than do I. the owners of the ships and the govern­ "Roosevelt." Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. And I may ment making the ships available to the Eisenhower was long and difficult to fit say to the gentleman from Michigan the U.S. Government in the event of ana­ into flexible type and Ike proved ideal. reason I left Michigan as a boy was that tional emergency; when the countries in Now it is logical that instead of Kennedy, I could see no chance for a Democrat. which these ships are registered do not J.F.K. should be permitted as a tool for head­ When I was a boy we had one Democrat line writers. This does not especially please at present impose restrictions on the the President-elect, however. He told the in the general assembly at Lansing, but operational control of the ships regis­ Associated Press he preferred Kennedy, al­ since then the people of Michigan have tered under their flag; and, when these though he would not object to J.F.K. But improved in their wisdom. countries in which the ships are regis­ he made it very clear that he would be Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. And tered have limited requirements. opposed to use of Jack in the headlines. suffered in their pocketbooks. The contractual arrangements are If one reflects upon the connotation of Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield worth less than the paper they are writ­ Jack as it applies to that commodity with further? which Mr. Kennedy is so richly endowed, ten on, because the owners that have his attitude is understandable. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. signed the voluntary agreements could Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Permit transfer their ships to some other coun­ me to say on behalf of the citizens of the try that would not relinquish control or · SIXTY-THffiD ANNIVERSARY OF county of Berrien, of the Fourth Dis­ the countries in which these ships are THE SINKING OF THE BATTLE­ trict, and those living in the Third and registered could change their laws, there­ SHIP "MAINE" the Fifth Districts, that they are very, by preventing them from coming under The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ very happy to pay tribute to the gentle­ U.S. control. der of the House, the gentleman from Il­ man for the wonderful ability and service The contractual arrangements mean linois [Mr. O'HARA] is recognized for 1 he has given to the citizens of Chicago. even less when we realize the basic fact hour. The gentleman has served them for that the seamen that man these escape­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, many years-ably and with patriotism, flag ships are the ones, and the only February 15 was the 63d anniversary of and I think they have profited by the ones, that really have control. the sinking of the battleship Maine in transplanted wisdom you carried to As to whether or not we could rely Havana Harbor, the tragedy that trig­ them. upon these ships hinges upon whether gered the war with Spain. It is an Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am sure that or not these seamen, who do not owe anniversary always observed by the vet­ in my district the words of my good allegiance to the United States, but in­ erans of that war and never has it gone friend from Michigan will be warmly re­ stead to some other country, whose unnoticed. In every city and every ceived. ideological and political philosophies are hamlet in America, while still there are Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The peo­ frequently and most usually different camps of the United Spanish War Vet­ ple of Chicago are to be congratulated from ours, would turn the ships over erans, it will continue to be observed upon their selection and retention of the to us. with services of loving tribute to the gentleman as their representative. This basic fact is ignored by these memory of the 260 American sailors who Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the advocates of the effective-control theory perished with the Maine and by the sac­ gentleman yield? who have continually maintained that rifice of · their lives started our country Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield to the basic underlying reason that these · on its road to world destiny. the· majority whip. 196·1 'CONGRESSIONAL/ RECORD ·-· ;HOUSE ·2495 Mr. ALBERT; It is a -pleasure to 'join recount to the House his valiant service from the darkness of foreign exploitation my distinguished colleague from Illinois in that war as a soldier. This was not a and of designs alien to the American [Mr. O'HARA] on this occasion. I con­ great war as we measure the last two concept of free and independent govern­ gratulate the gentleman for taking the wars; there were not millions of people ment, of the dignity of man, and of his time for this PUrPOSe. The House is engaged; you did not have pushbutton brotherhood under God. honored in having among its member­ communications; logistics as we know It would be strange and unnatural if ship a distinguished Member who is a them were unknown. But the suffering the gentleman from Illinois did not have veteran of the Spanish-American War. and the sacrifices made by the men who an interest in Cuba and an affection for I believe since the gentleman last dis­ fought the Spanish-American War were her people second only to his interest in cussed this subject in the House, those as deep as any in any war that has ever his own country and his affection for who served in the Spanish-American been fought in this world. The food was his own countrymen. One in his age War have become the senior veterans of bad, it was rotten. In many cases they does not discard as an outmoded gar­ our country. Not long ago with the had to fight cholera, typhoid, and other ment that which was woven from the passing of the last Confederate veteran, epidemics with which they did not know warm sentiments and deep emotions of the :final rollcall of those who served in how to cope in that day. So I am happy his youth. As a boy just turned 16 the the Civil War was answered. The Blue to join with the gentleman in honoring cry of "Cuba libre" was as sweet and and the Gray have faded into history, the valiant men who fought that war. I sacred in my ears as in the ears of my and now the distinguished gentleman know some of the difficulties they must comrades of Cuban blood and in the from Illinois is one of the illustrious have encountered and the sufferings they Cuban uniform with whom I served in group who are the deans of all living must have endured, for I served in the hills around Santiago more than six men who have had the honor of fighting . I will not presume to decades ago. for their country during time of war. speak of World War II but will let my In those hills died the boys from A number of Spanish-American War distinguished leader, the Democratic Michigan, from Massachusetts, from veterans live in my congressional dis­ whip, do that. I do, however, compli­ Illinois and other States and the boys trict. Many years ago, they established ment the gentleman and want to pay my from Cuba, died as comrades in a com­ a colony in the beautiful mountain coun­ respects through him to the veterans of mon cause, that Cuba might be free from try of southeastern Oklahoma. With the Spanish-American War. European dominion, free from any rule the depletion of their number, they have Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the save that of her own people. opened the community to veterans of gentleman from California. Mr. Speaker, I have abiding faith that all wars. It has been my privilege on Mr. Speaker, when the House met on always there will be an enduring bond of many occasions to visit this community February 15 a parliamentary situation friendship between the people of my own and to address its members. unexpectedly developed that resulted in United States and the people of the land One of the issues between Spain and the adjournment of the House within a of my second affection. It could not be the United States which precipitated the matter of minutes after its convening otherwise. So many men and women of war was the situation in Cuba, then a and the special ·order of the gentleman Cuban birth and blood have contributed Spanish possession. Crushed by oppres­ from Illinois, as well as other special so much to our country that the bonds sion, the Cuban people had attempted orders of that day, could not be called. that united us in 1898 have been tight­ many unsuccessful revolutions. Their This explains why on February 21, in­ ened with each passing generation. For­ struggle for liberty captured the hearts stead of February 15, we are observing getting for the moment those in the field of their northern neighbors and many the anniversary of the sinking of the of politics, of the arts, and the profes­ American soldiers once more gave their Maine. sions, and turning to the :field of sports, lives that freedom might live. Mr. Speaker, as appropriate to this where all meet on the line of merit, with Today, Cuba once again lies under the occasion I would now address myself to the sole measure that of manly sports­ dictator's heel. I know I speak for the ·the subject of hemispheric solidarity. manship, I might mention that the base­ veterans of the war that brought free­ President Kennedy has reasserted what ball players and boxers of Cuba have dom to Cuba when I extend sympathy to President Monroe said in his day and received acclaim from American sporting her people and the heartfelt wish that it President Cleveland said years later crowds second to that given to the ath­ will not be long before they once again when European powers were threatening letes of no other nation. join the ranks of the free nations of the in Venezuela, Nicaragua, and elsewhere Hemispheric solidarity is the shield of world. by indirection to violate the letter and all the American Republics against the Sixty-three years ago today, 266 of­ the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine. In designs of those outside our hemisphere ficers and men died on the Maine. Let the affairs of this hemisphere the United and whose interest in our hemispheric us hope that another year will not pass States and her sister American Republics community is akin to that of a stranger without recognition by Cuba of the place will brook no interference by any Eu­ in a neighbor's home. these men earned for her in the family ropean power or by any nation whatso­ Hemispheric solidarity is the shield of of nations. Let us hope that a year ever outside the American Hemisphere. greatest protection to the smallest of from now we will congratulate, not only I am heartened that the generation of the American Republics. our war veterans, but a free and demo­ the New Frontier of the 1960's is seeing Mr. Speaker, I am taking advantage cratic neighbor, as well. eye to eye with the generation of the of this opportunity to speak with frank­ Again let me congratulate my illus­ New Frontier of Monroe's time and the ness both to the people of my own United trious and beloved colleague for the fine generation of the New Frontier of 1898. States and to the people of Cuba, with presentation he is making to the House The deep significance of the war with whom I am bound in the deep affection at this time. Spain, triggered by the sinking of the springing from the associations of my Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the battleship Maine 63 years ago, was that youth. gentleman from Oklahoma, and I might it marked the end of European dominion The fact is that in the new frontier tell him that whenever the Spanish War on American shores. It was the answer of 1898 there was the same idealism that Veterans meet in their national encamp­ · to the prayers of countless thousands of I envision in the new frontier of the ments the lads from Oklahoma always Cuban men and women, many of whom 1960's. In rescuing Cuba from the coils mention with affection the gentleman had died as martyrs, that their beautiful of European domination there was no from Oklahoma, the majority whip of island should be freed of European coils desire to annex a foot of Cuban soil to this House. and under government of, for, and by the territory of the United States. Al­ Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER. Mr. Speak­ the people take her place among the though the beautiful island of Cuba was er, will the gentleman yield? soverign nations of the world. The in­ but a few miles from our mainland Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield. tervention of the United States on the shores, there was no thought of any Mr. ·GEORGE P. MILLER. I want to side of Cuba was a manifestation of American mind to take possession of pay high compliment to the gentleman hemispheric solidarity. It pinpointed Cuba as the legitimate spoils of war. from Illinois for bringing to the atten­ the legitimate interest of one member It is true there was a brief period of tion of this House the incident that of the American hemispheric community American occupation while the people of brought about active hostilities i_n the in .the struggles of another member to Cuba were preparing to take over the Spanish-American War, and I want to escape into the sunshine of freedom management of their own affairs. But 2496 CONGRESSIONAL :'.RECORn·.::....:: .HoUSE February 21 what is overlooked by both American and every man, woman, and child on this, our gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN Cuban historians is that at the very own American hemisphere. Working ZANDT], twice the commander of the Vet;. beginning of the brief period of occupa­ together, we will attain our objective, a erans of FOreign Wars, and ot the dis­ tion the United States, then a relatively free and abundant life for every .man, tingUished gentleman from Iowa [Mr. poor country in material measure, gave woman, and child on the American hem­ SCHWENGEL] be inserted in the RECORD its moneys to enable the Cuban soldiers isphere, but never, never again will we at this point, and that all Members who who had fought valiantly for Cuba be enmeshed in the coils of European wish to do so may have 5 legislative days libre and thus had separated themselves dominion which were broken once and in which to extend their remarks in the from the ordinary means of sustenance, for all by the war with Spain, triggered RECORD. money with which to buy land and thus by the sinking of the battleship Maine The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without reestablish themselves on an economic 63 years ago. objection, it is so ordered. basis. As the last veteran of the Spanish­ There was no objection. Meanwhile, the peoples of Puerto Rico, American War in this body I salute the Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, it is at long last freed of a cruel European President of the United States, himself a a pleasure for me to join my colleague, dominion, were facing a devastating combat veteran of World War II, and say BARRATT O'HARA, of lllinois, in his re­ famine. The United States, then as I to him that in his reaffirmation of the mark~ on the anniversary of the sink­ have said relatively poor, gave of its Monroe Doctrine he has spoken not only ing of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana means until it hurt to the relief of a for the new frontier of the 1960's but Harbor 63 years ago. famine that threatened the wiping out as well as for the new frontier and the In 1895 the revolt in Cuba had flared of thousands of the men, women, and spirit of 1898. up again, after more than a decade of children of Puerto Rico. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will relative tranquillity. During the winter These are the facts of history, dis­ the gentleman yield? of 1897-98, mobs of Spanish loyalists, cernible by anyone who takes the time Mr. O'HARA of illinois. Mr. Speaker, resentful of the well-known sympathy and has the inclination to delve in the I yield to the distinguished majority of the American people for the Cubans, records for them. I regret that modern leader. became formidable. Fitzhugh Lee, the American historians, too much con­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I American consul general at Havana, cerned with the exciting events of the congratulate my dear and distinguished appealed to his Government for support 20th century into which they were born, friend from lllinois for the remarks he in the form of a naval force in Cuban at times have seemed to lack both under­ has made today and for similar remarks waters. On January 24, 1898, the Maine, standing and sympathy with the ideal­ he has made during past years since he a second-class battleship, was ordered to ism that marked the closing years of the has been a Member of this body. He is Havana. 19th century. the only Member of the Congress of the On .the morning of January 25, 1898, If American historians, born in the United States who served in the Span­ the Spanish authorities having been 20th century and often seeming as blind ish-American War. He not only honors notified of her advent, the Maine, Capt. as bats in their interpretations of what the memory of his comrades with whom Charles D. Sigsbee, steamed into Havana happened in the period of the dying 19th he served by having the House pause Harbor and was moored to a buoy 500 century, have not stressed these facts while he makes these remarks, but he yards off the arsenal. The Spanish offi­ of history, one can scarcely wonder at honors each and every one of the Mem­ cials acted with punctilious courtesy, and the confusion in the minds of the people bers of this body. the social amenities between American of Cuba. The fact that he salutes the memory and Spanish authorities proceeded ac­ What we gave from our slender means of those who served with him in the cording to naval protocol. No untoward to rehabilitate the brave and patriotic Spanish-American War illustrates one of incident took place until9:40 p.m. on the soldiers of Cuba and to relieve the the traits of character that has endeared night of February 15, when two terrific famine-stricken Puerto Ricans, we did my friend from lllinois to all of us, to the explosions threw parts of the Maine 200 not extract from prostrate and poverty­ people of his district, to everyone who feet in the air. The forward half of the stricken Spain, whom we had beaten knows him. It goes with the sweetness ship was reduced to a mass of twisted quickly and decisively in the Atlantic of his character and with his courage steel; the afterpart slowly sank. Two and the Pacific and who was at our com­ and determination in the performance of o:mcers and 250 men were killed at once plete mercy. Even to Spain we forgave his public duties. and 8 men died afterward. the war debts and indemnities, assumed Mr. Speaker, my friend has referred Separate investigations of the tragedy for ourselves the expense of Cuban reha­ to the 9th Massachusetts Regiment, were made by the American and Span­ bilitation and Puerto Rican escape from the old "Fighting 9th of Massachusetts," ish authorities. The Spaniards reported famine, and were satisfied that through which h~s a great record in the military that an internal explosion, perhaps spon­ our joint efforts with the soldiers and history of our country going back to taneous combustion in the coal bunkers, patriots of Cuba and Puerto Rico we had the Civil War; and later in World War had been the cause; the Americans that ended the reign of European dominion II as one of the regiments that consti­ the original cause had been an external on American shores. tuted the 101st Infantry Division. explosion which in turn had set off the That dominion never will return as Mr. Speaker, again I congratulate my forward magazines. long as wisdom reigns and red blood friend on the remarks he has made to­ Later events are admirably summar­ courses in the veins of the peoples of the day. I know that his comrades who are ized by William B. Norris in his article, American hemisphere, whether they live in the Great Beyond are smiling down ''The Destruction of the Maine," which in our own United States, in Cuba, or upon him with pleasure. appears in the Dictionary of American any of the other sister republics of Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, History: from the bottom of my heart, I thank America. We have had our experience, News of the disaster produced great excite­ and for all time we have ended the in­ our beloved majority leader. ment in the United States, and accusations terference in the affairs of this hemi­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. against the Spaniards were freely expressed sphere by any European power or by any Speaker, will the gentleman yield? · by certain newspapers. Without doubt, the power whatsoever outside of our own Mr. O'HARA of lllinois. I yield to the catastrophe stirred up national feeling over American hemisphere. gentleman from Michigan. the diffi.culties in Cuba, crystallized in the slogan, "Remember the Maine." The wreck Together, as friends and neighbors in Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. remained in Havana Harbor until1911, when a hemispheric democratic society, we Speaker, if the gentleman will permit, it U.S. Army engineers built a cofferdam about will work out our problems. Social is a privilege to join in what has been the wreck, sealed the afterhull of the ship, justice must be extended in all the coun­ said and to commend the gentleman the only part still intact, and floated it out tries in our hemisphere. There must be not only for the service that he rendered to sea. There, on March 16, 1912, appropriate a stabilization of the markets for the during the war but since as a servant of minute guns boomed as it sank with its flag products of our neighbors, the economies the people of Chicago. flying. The remains of 66 of the crew which were found during the raising were buried of which rise and fall with the buying Mr. O'HARA of lllinois. I thank my in the National Cemetery, Arlington. market in our own United States. There friend froiQ Michigan. During the removal of the wreck, a board must be a lifting of .the fog o! poverty Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent of officers of the Navy made a further inves­ and a raising of the horizons of life for that the remarks of the distinguished tigation. Their report, published in 1912, 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2497 stated that a low form of explosive exterior to provide a sound foundation for the motto, harvest of VlCIOUS feeling against our­ to ·the ship caused the first explosion. Eu· ·"Remember the Maine." . ropean experts, perhaps influenced by several selves becSiUSe of the penurious practices internal explosions in warships in the inter­ Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, will of our American-supported industries in vening years, still, however, maintained the the gentleman yield? foreign countries. The sad circle of the theory of an internal explosion. No further Mr. O'HARA of nlinois. I yield to my U.S. Government buying friendship with evidence has ever been found to solve the colleague from Illinois. investment dollars in foreign countries mystery. · Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I de­ and our capitalists destroying the friend­ Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, 63 sire to compliment the gentleman from ships by proselyting the workers. years ago, on the night of February 15, nlinois for his interesting statements I congratulate the gentleman on his 1898, the U.S. battleship Maine exploded relative to his experiences in the Span­ patriotic presentation to his apprecia­ and sank in Spanish-held Havana Har­ ish-American War. Certainly the Cu­ tive colleagues. bor, and furnished the Nation with a bans of that period appreciated the con­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank my battle cry for the war that followed: tributions that the United States made colleague from Illinois. "Remember theMaine." in securing their freedom. But today, I wish to take this opportunity to say The Maine, a second-class battleship at this particular time, it seems that we that no one in illinois is more beloved built at the New York Navy Yard, was have not learned very much since the by the veterans of all wars than my col­ launched on November 18, 1890, and Spanish-American War. At least, our league the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. commissioned on September 17, 1895. failure to hold the friendship of the LIBONATIJ . Everyone in Illinois is tre­ Although she would be dwarfed by mod­ Cuban people strongly indicates that we mendously happy that he is to serve em warships, in her day the Maine was failed somewhere to determine new val­ them in the Committee on Veterans• Af­ formidable. She was 324 feet long and ues in friendship necessary to cement fairs of this House. 27 feet at the beam, and had a displace­ the friendly relations of nations. Mr. LIBONATI. I thank the gentle­ ment of 6,650 tons. She carried four It is with a deep sense of love of free­ man. 10-inch guns, six 6-inch breech-loading doms for the American hemispheres that Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, Con­ rifles, seven 6-pounder rapid-fire guns, we were brought into the Spanish-Amer­ gressman BARRATT O'HARA has gener­ eight 1-pounders, and four Gatling ma­ ican War. Certainly, our national pol­ ously invited me to join in remarks chineguns. In addition she had tubes icy as to Latin America was based upon commemorating the anniversary of the for four torpedoes. the Monroe Doctrine. Today we have sinking of the Maine in the harbor at If the bright sunshine on the morning abrogated the Monroe Doctrine by Havana on February 15, 1898. of launching day was a good omen, it agreeing to a hands-off policy on changes As we know, this tragic demolition of was to be a short-lived one. The Maine, in internal government of our South an American battleship cost the lives of in her 2 :Y2 -year commissioned history, American neighbors even though inimi­ 266 Americans, and formed one of the came to be considered an unlucky ship. cal to the very existence of our form of direct causes of the war with Spain. On the morning of January 25, 1898, government. It is sad commentary to Sixty-six members of that gallant crew the Maine arrived in Havana Harbor, look back over the many years and con­ are buried nearby in the national ceme­ ostensibly "to resume the friendly naval sider the loss of time, money, and effort tery, Arlington. visits at Cuban ports," according to the spent in coveting the friendship of cer­ We, as Members of Congress, by pa.ying State Department. Actually the purpose tain Latin American nations. homage to the memory of the heroes of was to protect U.S. citizens, supposedly Many great men developed to Amer­ 1898, have the opportunity of focusing endangered by the increasing friction ican leadership through their activities public attention on the patriotic deeds of between the United States and Spain. in the Spanish-American War. I doubt those men who made up the most color­ The Maine was moored to a buoy 500 whether President Theodore Roosevelt ful army in the history of the world­ yards off the arsenal and the amenities would have been so readily selected by every man a volunteer-the AEF of 1898. between American and Spanish officials political leaders as a candidate for pub­ proceeded according to protocol. For lic office had it not been for his popu­ SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED 3 weeks no unusual incident took place. lar appeal for a peculiar type of char­ When the Maine exploded, accusations acter appeal developed during his expe­ By unanimous consent, permission to against the Spaniards were freely ex .. riences in the Spanish-American War. address the House, following the legisla­ pressed by certain American newspapers. I know this, that our distinguished col­ tive program and any special orders Most Americans held Spain responsible, league, BARRATT O'HARA, who has all his heretofore entered, was granted to Mr. although the evidence was never suffi­ life fought for the interest of the Span­ ROBERTS

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Impeachment of Our Chief Justice: An REMOVAL FROM OFFICE However meritorious the criticism of Article II, section 4, of the Constitu­ Justice Warren, it would seem to be a Answer tion states that- waste of time to file impeachment The President, Vice President, and all charges with the Clerk of the House. ci-vil omcers of the United States, shall be It is possible that. if those instigating EXTENSION OF REMARKS removed from omce on impeachment for, and this drive to impeach the Chief Justice OF conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high would direct their efforts toward some crimes and misdemeanors.1 other method of bringing about the de­ HON. CLARE E. HOFFMAN POWER TO IMPEACH--cONSTITUTION sired result, as, for example, remedial OF MICHIGAN Article I, section 2, clause 1?. states: legislation, much time and effort would be saved, something accomplished. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The House of Representatives • • • shall have the sole power of impeachment. Just what has the Chief Justice done Tuesday, February 21, 1961 that would justify a conviction if he was TRIAL ON IMPEACHMENT tried by the Senate? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Article I, section 2, clause 6, of the Several of the decisions made by Chief Speaker, letters are coming in, advocat­ Constitution provides: Justice Warren and concurred in by ing the impeachment of Chief Justice The Senate shall have the sole power to other members of the Court are, in my Warren. try all impeachments. humble judgment, completely wrong; in Sometimes accompanying these sug­ the end will cause us to lose much of the gestions are Supreme Court decisions Whatever may be the reasoning be­ freedom which we heretofore have en­ which, in the view of those urging the hind this present drive for the impeach­ joyed. A real service can be rendered by impeachment of the Chief Justice, tend ment of the Chief Justice, in my hwnble those who desire the Chief Justice's im­ to make rather than interpret the laws judgment, not even a majority, much peachment by showing to those in local less two-thirds, of the membership of communities the unsoundness of his con­ as written by the Congress or the leg­ clusions. islative bodies of the States. That is the Senate would vote for a conviction. the charge-that the Supreme Court has However, when Justice Chase was on trial, 1 Madison, whose objection lead to the in­ Senator Giles of Virginia said: usurped the functions of the Congress. sertion of the more definite phrase "high "Impeachment is nothing more than an Whatever may be our views as to the crimes and misdemeanors," was the strongest inquiry, by the two Houses of Congress, correctness of the Court's reasoning and advocate of a broad construction of the whether the omce of any public man might final decisions-and I disagree with sev­ impeachment power. He argued that in­ not be better filled by another • • •." eral of the Court's decisions-at the capacity, negligence, or perfidy of the Chief "We want your omces, for the purpose of Magistrate should be ground for impeach­ giving them to men who will 1lll them present time there appears to be no ment. He also contended that the wanton better." • charge which would result in a convic­ removal from omce of meritorious officers •, Memoirs, I, 321, tion if Warren were impeached. would be an act of maladministration. 822 (1874). 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·- HOUSE 2501 The Race in Space-A ·Communications other American international carri'ers It ·has called for bids on this satellite, Satellite in Orbit Proposed by the Bell ' and foreign telecommunications adttlin'- expected to be launched as Project Relay istrations.' . . · · in mid-1962. The first launching ve­ Telephone System To . Improve Our T4e ;Bell System .hopes to m<;>ve for- hicles .available to NASA for space com­ Communications System on Earth ward with ·an active satellite trial in munications tests will be used in this about a year. · project. Following the highly successful Echo The Bell System position is clear: EXTENSION OF REM~KS experiment, the Bell System proceeded OF We are ready to proceed with trial of at its own expense with development and an active satellite at our own expense HON. GORDON L. McDONOUGH construction of experimental active sat­ at the earliest possible launching date. OF CALIFORNIA ellites. These satellites are designed Provision of satellite communications IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with repeaters to amplify and relay by common carriers is in line with U.S. radio signals with power generated national policy and does not conflict Tuesday, February 21, 1961 from solar energy,. They utilize broad­ with the aims and responsibilities of Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, band microwave techniques and are of NASA to foster rapid development. Project Echo which was used to bounce the type ultimately required to provide Unnecessary delay could be harmful the voice of President Eisenhower across commercial telephone, television, data, to our national security, to U.S. prestige, the Nation in a matter of seconds dem­ and global communications of all types. and would postpone international tele­ onstrated the practical use of a com­ The Bell System has been assigned fre­ vision and other forms of communica­ munications satellite which could be quencies for experimental use. It has tions not feasible today. Furthermore, placed in orbit and used as a relay for also asked for launching facilities so the the results of trials pointed as directly voice communication to all parts of the trial can get underway within a year. as possible toward a commercial satellite earth by radio bounce. It has offered to pay for satellite, for system are urgently needed to prepare The proposal by the Bell System to launching it, for building ground sta­ the U.S. position for international space finance the building of their own com­ tions in the United States, and is con­ conferences in 1962 and 1963. munications satellite and to obtain per­ fident that the communications agen­ Only the cooperation of our Govern­ mission for its use through the Federal cies of other countries will cooperate by ment-by making available launching Communications Commission for voice providing ground stations abroad. and tracking services-is needed to get transmission indicates the rapid prog­ It will make the satellite facilities the trial underway. ress we are making in the use of outer available to NASA and U.S. interna­ space for practical purposes. tionaJ. telegraph common carriers for In order to make this possible, it will experimental use. require the cooperation of the Federal Bell System space program is in line To Amend the Internal Revenue Code of Government to fire the Bell System with national communications policy satellite into orbit and to grant them and with the aims and purposes of 1954 To Provide That the Cost of All permission to use our tracking stations NASA. Medicine and Drugs for the Taxpayer in order to prove that this system of Long-standing U.S. national policy and His Spouse, Rather Than Only the voice communication is possible and may places the responsibility for efficient become an everyday operation for voice public communication, both domestic Excess Over 1 Percent of Adjusted communication to all parts of the earth. and international, on the common car­ Gross Income as Otherwise Provided, Public interest requires development rier industry. Throughout its existence of a satellite communications system as the Bell System has accepted this re­ May Be Included in Computing the rapidly as possible. sponsibility and has pioneered in all Medical Expense Deduction Where Heavy use of present oversea cable phases of communications research and Such Taxpayer or Spouse Is 65 or and radio circuits refiects the rapidly development. growing need for an expanded and more NASA has broad responsibilities to ad­ Over fiexible oversea communications sys­ vance peaceful use of space, making most tem. Satellites are ideally suited to effective use of scientific and engineer­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS supplement existing facilities. They ing resources of the United States to OF offer the most practical means of pro.;. avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. viding oversea television service and Its emphasis should be on research and HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER would afford highly desirable alternate development. Combination of Bell Sys­ OF I'LOIUDA routes for other oversea services, many of tem communications experience and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which are extremely important to our NASA space technology can avoid dupli­ national security. cation of effort and result in fastest pos­ Tues(tay, February 21, 1961 Project Echo, one of our Nation's most sible development. Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I have dramatic space achievements, demon­ Bell System efforts and plans are, in today introduced a bill that will assist strated our leadership in satellite com­ all major respects~ in accord with the our senior citizens in meeting the high munications. In an age when national views expressed in the December 4, 1960, cost of medical, hospital, and drug ex­ prestige is so important, we should keep staff report of the Senate Committee penses by permitting taxpayers 65 or over that leadership. on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. to deduct the cost of all medicines and Privately owned common carrier in­ The Bell System is prepared to move drugs, rather than only the excess over dustry should do this job. rapidly, shortening the span between ex­ 1 percent of adjusted gross income as The usefulness of any space commu­ periment and the goal of a fully opera­ otherwise provided, when computing the nications system will depend upon the tive commercial system of satellite medical expense deduction in their in­ extent to which it can be integrated into communications. come tax returns. existing domestic and international In October 1960, the Bell System ap­ No similar legislation was considered common carrier networks. The Bell plied to the FCC for an experimental by the Committee on Ways and Means System already has a vast domestic net­ grant for conduct of this trial. Fre.;. during the past Congress, although three work with worldwide links to communi­ quencies were assigned in January 1961. similar bills were introduced by Members cations systems abroad. Placing a sat­ The Bell System has discussed with of Congress. The only liberalization en­ ellite system in operation would simply NASA the provision of launching facili­ acted during ·the past Congress removed be adding another important group of ties at Bell expense. Launching date of the 3 percent of adjusted gross income international communications channels the first Bell satellite will be determined limitation in the case of medical ex­ through what amounts to microwave by the availability of suitable · rocket penses incurred by a taxpayer for a de­ towers in the sky. vehicles. pendent father or mother who was of the Furthermore, the Bell System has an NASA has taken the p6~ition that the age of 65 or over. As under prior law, unmatched fund of experience in com­ Bell System satellite trial should wait however, this 1 percent limitation rule munications research, in systems engi­ untii after experiments with a ~roposed continues to be applicable to all tax­ neering, and in working agreements with new .NASA active satellite. payers regardless of their age. 2502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- . HOUSE February 21 I have been concerned about this for attention is going to be paid to policies · provision of the Space Act as it now stands. some time, and ever since I have been in governing its use. During these hearings Space Administration In regard to what Government policy will officials disclosed that they planned to ask Congress have tried to find solutions to not be, I think it highly unlikely-no mat­ for a change in the provision as part of this problem. I strongly ·urge that ter how much study and effort is made­ their 1960 legislative program. For this rea­ seriou.s consideration be given to my bill that we will ever have a uniform, across­ son, more e-xtensive hearings were scheduled during this session of Congress to alle­ the-board patent policy followed by all agen­ at a later date in order to give the Space viate this particular problem. cies of government. I know there has been Administration an opportunity to finalize much sentiment for a uniform policy, but its planned revision and have it cleared I am incllned to go along with the Comp­ by proper authorities. troller General of the United States. Last On November 30, 1959, the subcommittee Government Patent Policy year Mr. Campbell told our Committee on met to consider the problem in detail. In Science and Astronautics that any overall the course of 12 sessions, running from No­ patent policy will nonetheless have to give vember 30 through December 5, the sub­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS "recognition to the functions and problems committee endeavored to hear all com­ o... peculiar to the activities of individual agen­ petent Government witnesses as well as all cies, as well as the differences in the types of private witne:::ses who wished to appear. HON. DAVID S. KING research and development being contracted NASA's recommendations for change ap­ OF UTAH for by the Government." So while we may proximated the approach of the National see the emergence of broad policies and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Science Foundation- that is, to leave the guidelines, I think we delude ourselves if question of invention ownership to the dis­ Tuesday, February 21, 1961 we anticipate the coming of a truly uniform cretion of the Administrator, who should Federal patent policy in the foreseeable act "in a manner calculated to protect the Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, a future. public interest and the equities of the con­ spec1al subcommittee of the Committee Finally, in connection with what should tractor." on Science and Astronautics looked into not be done, let me here state my personal On this proposal, the subcommittee re­ the question of whether the present conviction that Federal patent policy must ceived testimony from some 60 witnesses patent provisions of the National Aero­ not derogate from or be inimical to the from throughout the Nation and sought to nautics and Space Act of 1958 have been American free enterprise system. Anything obtain an po:::sible points of view in order which tends to alter that system without a to assure a complete record on the subject. hobbling our space effort. That com­ substantial compensating public benefit mittee reported to the 86th Congress that The subcommittee agreed to leave the record · should be shunned. To my mind, the trend open for an additional 2 weeks in order to these provisi9ns should be modified. toward sweeping Federal ownership of ideas accommodate those who could not appear Our colleague, Congressman EMILIO Q. and inventions as promoted by the National but who might wish to file statements. DADDARIO, of Connecticut, was one of the Aeronautics and Space Act does not, in prac­ tice, qualify as beneficial either to free enter­ In deciding to recommend a change in the members of that subcommittee. He law, the subcommittee recognized that re­ participated actively in its work and he prise or to the public at large. It should be reversed. search and development is the heart and spoke on the floor of the House when I think it will be reversed. And here let soul of the space program and promises to we passed the bill. Recently, he was me back up a bit in order to indicate why I remain so. It .recognized that the current asked to talk on the general subject of think so. law places an unnecessary burden on NASA Government patent policy at the Gov­ As some of you are aware, the Space Act because, first, it forces NASA to deal with ernment contracts briefing conference of patent section-which is patterned after the contractors on a different basis from the De­ the :federal Bar Association in Phila­ Atomic Energy Act and generally places title fense Department, which normally requires to inventions made under research and de­ only a royalty-free license to inventions pro­ delphia. duced under its contracts-although both I believe his speech sets out a distinct velopment cont racts in the Government-­ was written into law in Senate-House con­ agencies often contract with the same con­ viewpoint of what that policy should be. ferences without being subjected to hearings. tractors on similar work. Secondly, the law makes it difficult for NASA to secure the best I recognize that a strong controversy Ever since the National Aeronautics and exists in this area, and that others hold research for lowest cost and in the shortest Space Act was put into effect, its so-called time. opposing theories. I believe we will be patent section, section 305, has been sub­ hearing more of this subject in the com­ jected to criticism from industry and the We actually found some instances in which ing session and I stnmgly recommend professions. Critics have regarded the pro­ the contractors refused to take NASA con­ vision as a step away from those constitu­ tracts, but far more important was the ob­ attention to this statement which I offer vious fact that contractors who are required for the RECORD: tional requirements which are designed to protect the interests of the inventor as well to surrender commercial rights to their in­ GOVERNMENT PATENT POLICY as foster the open publication of inventions. ventions just do not give NASA their best (Remarks by Han. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO, of They have expressed particular concern in­ efforts. Connecticut, at the Government contracts ·asmuch as the National Aeronautics and Please note that in more than 2 years of briefing conference, Federal Bar Associa­ Space Act patent provision is the third major NASA operations involving close to a thou­ tion and National Bureau of Standards, instance since World War II in which Gov­ sand research contracts, each of which re­ Philadelphia, Pa., February 10, 1961) ernment ownership of inventions has been quired full disclosure of technical informa­ The theme of this discussion is "What the dealt with by statute. The other instances tion, only about 50 disclosures of possible were the enactment of the Atomic Energy patentable inventions or processes were Government Patent Policy Should Be." That made. This strikes me as rather eloquent is a broad topic these days. Certainly I am Act of 1946, under which the Government neither knowledgeable enough nor rash asserts ownership of inventions, and the Na­ proof that the Space Act patent section is enough to make any positive prediction on tional Science Foundation Act of 1950, which, not doing what its proponents claim for it. the precise question. gives discretion to its Director as to the dis­ One must conclude, I think, that in its re­ But I will make several preliminary obser­ position of rights in inventions and patents. lationships with NASA, industry is careful to utilize almost exclusively developments vations in regard to ( 1) the ext ent of Gov­ It was largely for these reasons-plus the ernment interest in patents in the future; fact that the National Aeronautics and Space already under patent or patent application. (2) what future policy will not be, and (3) Administration had by then had some ex­ In any case, our patent subcommittee ap­ something it should not be. perience with the practical application of the proved the change in the NASA Act, but As to the extent of Government interest-­ provision-that the matter was reviewed modified it by requiring that in all instances you can be sure this will become increasingly under the aegis of the House Committee on NASA secure from its contracts not less than high. For one thing, research and develop­ Science and Astronautics. a royalty-free, irrevocable license. We also ment in itself is now one of the Nation's In August 1959, ·Re.presentative OVERTON stipulated that such license should be suffi­ leading in~ustries--a fact deftly emphasized BROOKS, of Louisiana, chairman of the com­ cient unless greater rights are required un­ by the late economist Sumner Slichther mittee, appointed a special seven-man Sub­ der other Federal laws or are deen1ed neces­ when he said: "The discovery that an enor­ committee on Patents and Scientific Inven­ sary by the Administrator in the interest of mous amount of research can be carried on tions. He appointed Representative Erwin the national security or welfare. Finally we for profit is surely one of the most revolu­ Mitchell, of Georgia, as chairman, and I had added, as part of the legislative history, a tionary economic discoveries of the last the privilege of serving on that subcommit­ statement of intent designed to guide the century." tee. Administrator in determining whether or not Another reason is that the Federal Gov­ The new subcommittee undertook initial to take title to inventions. ~rnmen,t is putting up better than half of background hearings immediately. Repre­ This approach was approved by the full an the research and development funds sentatives from the National Aeronautics committee and passed the House of Repre­ spent in the United siates--ta billion or and Space Administration appeared that sentatives last June by a vote of 269 to 120 more annually-and any time Federal money month in order to brief the subcommittee on a motion to recommit and 235 to 31 on of this magnitude is involved, considerable and advise it on the effect of the patent passage of the bill. 1961- CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-·HOUSE 2·503

The Senate, however, did not take up the tries-arise from -the willingness of private m.an) wrote a lett.er to Chairman BROOKs, bill, so the original;patent .. provision remains capital to exploit protected inventions. This of our committee, in which he stated that in force. · has meant more and better jobs, improved a new arm~ services procurement regula­ In resp<,>nse to some of the ~riticism which standards of living, and a continuing flow tio~to become effective February 15- industry has su1fered because_of J..ts insist­ of opportunity for the imaginative and the would recognize instances where it may be ence on patent rights, let me inject a bit of industrious. It is the only part of our desirable to secure title to inventions made personal phllo.sophy. economical concept designed to promote under m111ta.ry research contracts. "This I am well aware that some segments of monopoly. But the patent monopoly, also recognition," it was stated, "can in large American bu_siness have been frowned on as by design, is temporary. And as a matter measure be attributed to the work of your unpatriotic when they drag their feet about of fact it rarely lasts the full 17 years; in committee in endorsing the work of the Sub­ doing research work for the Government un­ today's world of rapid communications and committee on Patents and Scientific Inven­ der contracts which require them to sun·en­ technological improvement, the effective life tions." der commercial rights in inventions. Per­ of a patent is usually cut short by ma.rked At the same time, it is interesting to note haps there are instances where this is improvements. that subsequent to the work of our com­ justified. · The extreme importance of the patent to mittee, the Atomic Energy Commission has But I want to quote this bit from our sub- private initiative, however, is well1llustrated issued a regulation permitting private con­ committee report: . by business in my own Connecticut district tractors to secure greater rights in nuclear "There are hard reasons why individual of Hartford County. inventions for production abroad. In fact, contractors do not wish to be classified as For example, the Kamman Aircraft Co., the new regulation, effective January 11 this ones holding out on research efforts so vital which produces vertical-lift aircraft and em­ year, leaves the title in the contractor for to the Nation. To do so places management ploys more than 5,000 people, owes its entire purposes of foreign patents-subject to a officials between the devil and the deep. existence to one or two patents. In addi­ free Government license and certain other They are responsible under the private enter­ tion, the United Aircraft Co., which is the licensing conditions. I am not suggesting prise system for operating a profitable largest single employer in the State, began that the AEC action resulted from our ef­ business, yet if they decline Government its present corporate life in 1925 on the forts, but I do believe that the light thrown business because it is unprofitable, they be­ strength of a few internal combustion pat­ on the subject by the proposed NASA patent come vulnerable to charges of lack of patri­ ents. amendments served to stimulate the review otism. American industry should not be Of course there is nothing unique about process. placed in this awkward, often injurious, this. It has happened all across the coun­ Thus, there may be a gradual converging position." try. I recall that in testimony before our of the extreme positions on this problem I subscribe to that position wholeheartedly. committee last year, officers of Raytheon into a workable and enduring middleway. It also seems pertinent to ask what hap­ Manufacturing Co., in Waltham, Mass., re­ This is my hope at any rate, for I believe pens when the Government does take title ported that Raytheon's phenomenal post­ that a big part of our Nation's future wel­ to inventions produced under its research World War II growth emanated from several fare depends on it. contracts. basic patents held on the magnetron tube. If Federal ownership gave the Govern­ This bring me back to the question of ment an advantage it does not receive from why I think the recent trend toward Gov­ an irrevocable royalty-free license, if it ernment ownership of patents arising from normally enhanced the public interest, if it Federal research and development contracts Inventors' Congress actually stimulated commercial use of the will be, if not revised, at least modified. invention-then the Government pays­ When our patent subcommittee began EXTENSION OF REMARKS Government must own concept would indeed work on this problem in 1959, it soon became be valid. Inquiry, however, shows that in apparent that while we were concerned pri­ OJ' a heavy majority of cases Government owner­ marily with the national space program­ ship accomplishes none of these things. that program actually spread across the en­ HON. HJALMAR C. NYGAARD The Government does not make, a.nd never tire industrial spectrum: electronics, metals, OF NORTH DAKOTA has made, any significant effort to protect fuels, ceramics, machinery, plastics, instru­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its patents, or see that they are worked. It ments, textiles, thermals, cryogenics, and a does not sue infringers. Neither does it hundred other areas. Consequently we re­ Tuesday, February 21, 1961 grant exclusive licenses, without which the ceived a comprehensive picture of profes­ Mr. NYGAARD. Mr. Speaker, one of invention is generally ignored by private in­ sional thinking on the research problem­ the many ways in which the people of dustry. Moreover, expert testimony indi­ from large and small business, from Govern­ North Dakota have sought to encourage cates that if the Government did these ment, from the legal profession, and from things on a large scale, it would be compet­ educators. There was nothing provincial inventive genius and new industry has ing with private enterprise to the serious about it. been through the sponsorship and sup­ detriment of the latter. From our study we concluded that a com­ port of an annual Inventors' Congress. This being the situation, there is little promise position was both possible and The North Dakota Inventors' Congress apparent value to the Government in claim­ desirable. was first suggested by Andrew Freeman ing title to such inventions. The license We could not concur with the theory that of Grand Forks, N.Dak., to the Greater which it receives is a broad one. It not only the Government should own every invention permits complete Government use of the produced, in whole or in part, with Govern­ North Dakota Association which joined invention with no payment of royalties, but ment research money. This was because­ with the Inventors Industry Association it allows the invented article to be produced in addition to the practical reasons I have of America, the industrial committee by any contractor chosen. The Government already mentioned-legal reasons also dic­ of the Devils Lake Chamber of Com­ has statutory authority to make, or have tate against it. In most instances the Gov­ merce and the North Dakota Junior made, for Government purposes, any e;rnment receives the consideration it bar­ Chamber of Commerce in sponsoring the patented product without being subject to gains for when it receives free use of all first Inventors' Congress. injunction, and without subjecting its prod­ developments resulting from its contracts. uct supplier to suit. In these cases the only On the other hand, we could not go along This first Inventors' Congress was held remedy is a suit against the Government for with those who argue that there are never in Devils Lake, N. Dak., January 20-21, reasonable royalties in the Court of Claims any circumstances under which the Govern­ 1957, and as an outgrowth of this con­ (28 u.s.c. 1498). ment should obtain title. We felt that there gress, the North Dakota Inventors' As­ Fundamentally, we need to take another were some---such as those involving the pub­ sociation was organized. The original look at the Constitution, which gives Con­ lic health and safety, unjust enrichment, board of directors of this association gress power to "promote the progress of technology without commercial significance, consisted of Carl F. Smith, president; science and useful arts by securing for technology developed entirely at Govern­ limited times to authors and inventors the ment instance and expense, etc. Milton Ekron, secretary-treasurer; Ho­ exclusive right to their writi-ngs and dis­ So we sought a middle way and expressed mer Ludwick, Otis Bryant, L. A. Joyce, coveries." it in our Statement of Intent designed to Leo Steinman, and C. E. Martin. Under this provision and the patent laws guide the NASA Administrator in his deter­ The stated purposes of this organi­ promulgated under it, we have done pretty mination of patent ownership. zation are to "promote and encourage well for 160 years in fostering technical I believe these efforts have borne fruit, inventions and scientific research, to ingenuity and disseminating scientific in­ for they appear to be at least partly respon­ conduct tests and work to establish formation. Nor should we forget that the sible for moves on the part of the two big Government exacts a quid pro quo for its research agencies who are at opposite poles standards and codes, to encourage the patent protection-and that is to make pub­ of the patent question-the Defense Depart­ scientific advancement of its members, lic complete information concerning the ment and the Atomic Energy Commission­ to assist each other in protecting and patented invention or process. tO modify their positions toward the center. promoting patentable ideas, and tO help Using such a system, we have seen entire On February 2 this year, the Deputy As­ promote the North Dakota Inventors' firms, companies, corporations-even indus- sistant Secretary of ~ense (Mr. Banner- Congress." 2504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· 'libUSE February · 2.1 This year's report on· the annual con­ ened economy. ·Business Publications the speaker. And: now-if· the panel is are dedicated to the proposition of pro­ ready-and in keeping with our theme, "New gress lists 687 inventions which have Frontiers for Business Communication," we be~n ~played .during_ the 5 years the viding a contiD.uing :flow of . knowledge begin with Mr. Ambassador Muller. Inventors' Congress has been held. specific to such determinations. Reason It represents an outstanding e:tl'ort on enough why NBP seeks each year to pre­ Questions ana answers the part of the people of North Dakota. sent the Silver Quill Award to that person Walter Muller, the Ambassador of Chile to show appreciation of inventiveness who has best epitomized those principles Mr. DALY. Mr. Ambassador Muller, if we to for which it stands and through which would increase the economic force of our and a. fine contribution the industrial hemisphere, how do you envision the fUture development of North Dakota. it serves. The Silver Quill, like the or­ role of the specialized business press in ganization which awards it, is synony­ channeling the communication of ideas in­ mous with consecrated service to strumental to an adequate exchange of trade business and industry and to the and to the advancement of all of the Amer­ The Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Ar­ Government which guarantees our free­ ican Republics? leigh A. Burke, Receives 1960 Silver dom of enterprise and its interpretation. Mr. MULLER. A fast increase of the eco­ Past recipients of the Silver Quill nomic forces of our hemisphere is an abso­ Quill Award of National Business Pub­ lute necessity to solve the increasing pressure Award and the year for which each was for higher standards of life in our Latin lications, Inc. so honored are: 1959, Gen. James H. Doo­ American countries. little, chairman of the board, Space The press, in general, has been called the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Technology Laboratories, Inc.; 1958, Sam fourth unofficial power of any free state. OF Rayburn, the Speaker of the House of Economic development implies higher pro­ Representatives, and Joseph W. Mar­ duction, improved quality, and intensified HON. JAMES H. MORRISON tin, Jr., former Speaker of the House of interchange of commodities and finished Representatives; 1957, Benjamin F. Fair­ goods. OF LOUISIANA The specialized business press is the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less, president, American Iron & Steel adequate way to convey ideas and methods Institute and longtime former head of Tuesday, February 21, 1961 toward those aims. It bridges the necessary United States Steel Corp.; 1956, Harry F. contacts between available capital on one Mr. MORRISON. Mr. Speaker, under Byrd, chairman, Committee on Finance, end with development possibilities and lack leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ U.S. Senate; 1955, Charles F. Kettering, of resources on the other. ORD, I include excerpts from the pro­ deceased, former director and research Modern industry requires ever increasing ceedings of the lOth annual state of the consultant, General Motors Corp.; 1954, specialization and machinery to produce quality goods at conven,ient prices. The Nation dinner of National Business Pub­ Herbert Hoover, former President of the business press keeps the information chan­ lications, Inc., at the Sheraton-Park in United States and Chairman, Commis­ nels open to supply the knowledge of those Washington, D.C., on January 27, 1961, sion on Organization of the Executive improved methods. at which the Vice President of the United Branch of the Government; 1953, Rich­ Production without markets is a waste of States, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, presented ard M. Nixon, former Vice President of capitals and efforts. Markets without goods the 1960 Silver Quill Award of National the United States; 1952, Bernard c. represent an unfortunate loss of possibilities. Business Publications, Inc.-highest Du:tl'y, vice chairman of the board, Bat­ I am sure that the specialized business press will face the challenge of faster economic tribute of the specialized business pres~ ten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn; 1951, to Adm. Arleigh A. Burke, Chief of Pau1 Wooton, chairman, executive com­ development and improve its methods to Naval Operations, for "distinguished fulfill this important task. · mittee, Society of Business Magazine George Meany, President, American Federa­ statesmanship in behalf of freedom, Editors. tion of Labor and Congress of Industrial service, and industry." The excerpts from the dinner program Organizations This annual Washington dinner tra­ follow: Mr. DALY. Mr. Meany, reliable researchers ditionally features a question-and-an­ STATE OF THE NATION DINNER AND SILVER substantiate the contention that advertis­ swer period participated in by Cabinet QUILL AWARD PRESENTATION, 1961 ing as well as the editorial content of spe­ officers, industry and labor leaders, and INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY MASTER OF CERE­ cialized business publications is read for in­ ambassadors, operating under a tight MONIES LOUIS J. PERROTTET, CHAIRMAN OJ' formation and instruction-which would 2-minute ru1e for answers. All ques­ THE BOARD, NATIONAL BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS, seemingly provide a distinct difference be­ tions and answers were in keeping with INC., AND VICE PRESIDENT, CONOVER-MAST PUB­ tween business-press advertising and that the theme of dinner-"New Frontiers for LICATIONS, INC. carried by general interest publications. Since criticism in some quarters labels all Business Communication"-and were de­ Ladies and gentlemen, as always, it is our advertising as simply an additional cost to signed to measure the economic future sincerest hope that the state of the Nation the consumer, would you be good enough to of America as the state of the Nation dinner will continue its prophecy of ever give us your reactions to the economic force was weighed and balanced on the scales better times to come. Here-at our head of business communication as represented of the business community. table-are leaders from the free world of by the specialized business press which Presentation was made before an over­ Government and industry. Here are the men must, characteristically, encompass only ad­ who will carve out the new frontiers of our vertising of a technical or know-how nature? flow audience of 1,700 top-management free enterprise. They have graciously con­ leaders from most of the best-known Mr. MEANY. It is obvious that advertising sented to answer one specific question re­ of any kind should represent something identifications throughout the sciences, lated to our dinner theme: "New Frontiers more than merely an additional cost to the professions, and industries of America for Business Communication." All have consumer. at the specialized business press event agreed to abide by our custom of a tight 2- Technical information, new processes, which remains one of the most notable minute rule. We are also privileged by the new products can be advertised skillfully and yearly occasions in this Capital which presence at our podium of a world-renowned usefully in the specialized business press. is accustomed to the best of brilliant news analyst, commentator, and correspond­ It is important that information about the banquets. ent. And, to you who number among his many advances in technology, science, and millions of Sunday night enthusiasts, he is industrial know-how receive as wide distri­ National Business Publications, spon­ the moderator of "What's My Line?" He is sors of the award and dinner, is the inter­ bution as possible. Progress and competi­ to be our moderator tonight, asking the pro­ tion can best be served by a wide knowledge national association of publishers of over gram questions. It is my extreme pleasure Of the different developments 1n the differ­ 200 technical, professional, industrial, to present to you Mr. John Daly. ent fields of endeavor in American life. scientific, merchandising, and marketing REMARKS BY JOHN CHARLES DALY, DISTIN­ To the extent that specialized advertising magazines in this country and Canada, GUISHED NEWS ANALYST AND COMMENTATOR can promote competition and can lead to all independently owned, audited and Good evening ladies and gentlemen. Mr. greater efficiency in production and distri­ published. Among the association's prin­ Vice President, Admiral Burke, and other bution, it can, of course, aid the consumer. ciples of practice, all important is the one members of this distinguished company, I We certainly hope that such advertising which pledges active allegiance to the am indeed honored to be a part of this high­ will consistently be used to serve that end. ly respected occasion. I am indebted to my This requires, however, that the advertising American economic system of free com­ neighbors and friends, who are members of include detailed information, accurate de­ petition. Therein lies the reason for the your fraternity, for making it possible. scription, and careful analyses concerning state of the Nation dinner. ~wers to our questions follow 1n the order the product or process involved. Sound business decisions are essential listed in your program. I will initiate each From my point of view, as a trade unionist, to continued prosperity in this enlight- question by simply announcing the name of I am hopeful that the interest of competition 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 2505 and greater efficiency could be served by in the field of computors, where the Penta­ of ·American-made products, what is your specialized advertising, - so that the con­ gon must have a wealth of data which could concept of the specialized business press as sumer will really benefit from the variety be immediately useful to manufacturers. an international marketing medium? of products and ideas that are developing The Research Committee of the National Mr. DEYOUNG. Mr. Daly, advertising and every day in the industrial and agricultural Association of Manufacturers has, I believe, other forms of business communication can world. Of equal importance, of course, is recommended that such data be automati­ gain new stature in these troubled times by the necessity that the machines and proc­ cally released after a 2- or 3-year period. It assuming the role of ambassador, as wen as esses and chemicals produced by those who should, of course, be carefully screened be­ salesman, in the international field. advertise them are made under the most fore release. It so happens that the Atomic We, as a nation, can do much to neutralize favorable working conditions in America-­ Energy Commission has a very active pro­ other political beliefs by effectively com­ conditions that insure adequate labor gram to systematically declassify material municating the philosophy of American busi­ standards. As you know, one form of adver­ which is very useful to industry. We do not ness life to the citizens of other countries. tising the labor movement has consistently know of any other Government agency which After World War II, communism flourished supported is the advertising of the union is operating accordingly. openly in many European lands. The Reds label as a mark of decent working conditions. To us, unnecessary withholding of poten­ brought Rome, Paris, and other capitals al­ tially useful material derived from many of * * * * most to their knees with general strikes. A John B. Connally, Jr., the Secretary of Uncle Sam's programs, imposes a triple creeping socialism threatened England. the Navy penalty-the individual company, the indus­ There was little industry and few markets try involved and our position in interna­ for products. Mr. DALY. Mr. Secretary Connally, the tional trade are handicapped possibly by But, as the economic picture strengthened, ships of our Navy not only serve as emis­ duplicated expense and unusual and un­ the Reds and their allies declined in popw.­ saries of good will wherever they sail; they necessary delay. larity. The Communist threat to take over also communicate the image of U.S. strength To us, the specialized business prees-rep­ governments by electoral victories weakened. and security. In supporting that imag&­ resented by this occasion tonight--is a logi­ Can the specialized business press help in reciprocating the good will it engenders­ cal medium for communicating declassified keep this victory for democracy won? It do you consider it imperative that we utilize material in keeping with its role of supply­ can-by proclaiming the advantages of a our channels of business communication to ing useful information to business and system that rewards individual initiative. share the fruits of our technology, and thus industry. Operating for a profit is not an interna­ encourage the economic growth of other Koichiro Asakai, the Ambassador of Japan tional disgrace. Because America has op­ members of our family of free nations? erated on this philosophy since 1776, there Mr. CoNNALLY. Mr. Daly, my answer to Mr. DALY. Mr. Ambassador Asakai, in your is a strong Western Europe today and. a that, very simply, is "Yes." In my opinion, country-as in ours-business communica­ healthy economic revival in Japan. international relations should be everyone's tion is recognized as the lifeline of industrial In many U.S. industries-including ours­ business. Those relatively few Americans-­ and commercial progress. In the dissemina­ the international field is the fastest growing and I assume that there is a large percentage tion of technical and professional informa­ tion through both its advertising and edi­ market. Distances are shrinking daily. But of them here tonight--who are privileged to shortening these lifelines is of little value to visit, to do business with, to have contacts torial pages-how do you estimate the the world economy, if the peace is constantly with our neighbors throughout the free strategic importance of your own specialized threatened. world should always be aware. of the role business press in stimulating productivity It would seem that communications in that they play in these contacts and 1n these and the expansion of international trade? Business Publications could well serve a relations. Mr. AsAKAI. One of the dividends enjoyed dual role by sell1ng the concept of free en­ The Navy, Mr. Daly, as your question im­ by a nation with a high literacy rate is the terprise, as well as our products, in foreign plies, has always taken a great deal of inter­ great respect accorded to the written word. lands. Despite the great expansion of the radio and est in this very thing. It's easy for us. Call it what you will, patriotism or self­ The very nature of the naval operations television media in Japan in recent years, books, magazines, and newspapers have one preservation, we of the free world are all makes the whole of the free world our close seeking the same end. neighbors. People-to-people activities have of the largest and most appreciative body of long been a Navy tradition and a proud heri­ consumers in the world. For example, daily J. Edward Day, the Postmaster General tage of the Navy. Businesses-foreign and newspaper circulation per capita of total Mr. DALY. Mr. Postmaster General-until domestic-are no d11ferent. They are made population is one of the highest in the world. just a week ago-you were a senior oftlcer up and run by and for people. Similarly, business, professional, and tech­ with the third largest corporation in the Now, the idea of using your channels of nical journals abound, and there is scarcely world. Tonight, you are the chief executi-ve business communication-to foster a new an industry in Japan, even quite narrowly of the biggest business of its kind, reaching business-to-business program-should pro­ defined, which does not have a trade pub­ out into every community at every level of vide an important new channel of communi­ lication or journal. Many in this audience national activity. As such-do you think, cation between this Nation and other know that these technical and business pub­ in your new assignment, you will apply the nations and peoples of the free world. Cer­ lications are full of reports on the latest principles you followed in a pri-vate busi­ tainly, if it is an effective program, it will do worldwide developments in technology, ness enterprise? much to engender, to foster and insure mu­ management, marketing, and other matters Mr. DAY. Let me say that, while I do not tual understanding which is so vital and of direct and practical concern to operating believe the Post Office Department is com­ necessary now among all the peoples of the businesses. pletely like a private business, we intend. free world. One index of the importance accorded ad­ to run it in a most businesslike way. Raymond E. Olson, President, Taylor Instru­ vertising, for example, is that the leading The question from your chairman gives advertising firm in Japan ranks fifth in the me an opportunity to express publicly, for ment Cos. world after the four leading firms in the Mr. DALY. Mr. Olson, in the area of com­ the first time, some of the basic ideas which United States. we bring to this Department. In the first munication relating to results from research In direct reply to your question, therefore, and development which are customarily place, the Post Office has the primary re­ Mr. Chairman, I would say that the business sponsibility of providing a real service to made available to industry via the specialized press in Japan is as important as it is in the business press--do you experience any detri­ the people of this country. As part of that United States in stimulating productivity service, the Department performs fUnctions ment to your production and distribution and in increasing domestic and international which could be attributed to the classifica­ far removed from the normal transmission trade. I might also add that precisely be­ of communications--even to the registra­ tion of technical material? Of cours&-my cause the press is important, any adverse question is in no way meant to refer to the tion of 3 million aliens a year and even trade news or even rumors, emanating from selling migratory bird stamps. declassifying of any material which might abroad, is widely and quickly disseminated endanger the national security. in Japan. This shows how sensitive Japan While we aim at increased efficiency, lower Mr. OLsoN. Mr. Daly, ladies and gentlemen, is to trade problems and developments and cost, and better service, we fully realize we in industry, of course, do not know what explains her great dependence on foreign that the post office today must fulfill many we have missed. In the first place, I would trade for her national survival. roles that are far broader than mere com­ like to say that we in industry do not advo­ munications. cate releasing classified research data which, Russell DeYoung, President, Goodyear Tire We feel that the most efficient and eco­ if released, would endanger our national &Rubber Co. nomical movement of the mails is our No. 1 security. Mr. DALY. Mr. DeYoung, business com­ objective. We further feel that the new It is possible, however, that certain of our munication-as evidenced by the special­ administration can and will make new and agencies in the Government have informa­ interest advertising and editorial material immediate economies in its management and tion which might be helpfUl to the indus­ found 1n business publications--cuts across publicity functions. try. For example, the Navy might have in­ all other boundaries, in providing our free We will now be able to study at firsthand formation on ultrasonics which would be world business communities with unmatched the manifold opportunities for long-range helpful to industry if released. That may approaches to mutual respect and coopera­ cost-cutting programs, elimination of frills apply, also, to unusual high-temperature tion. Since your operations are worldwide and our own opportunities to create a realis­ materials. Still another example might be and so closely related to the export potential tic budget. This budget will be based on a 2506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 21 thorough appraisal of the relationship be­ REMARKS OF LYNDON B. JOHNSON, THE VICE REMARKS OF ADM. ARLEIGH A. BURKE, THE CHIEF tween our cost, the huge deficit we have in­ PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, IN PRE­ OF NAVAL OPERATIONS, IN RECElVING THE 1960 herited and the functions which the post SENTING THE 1960 SILVER QUILL AWARD OF SILVER QUILL AWARD OF NATIONAL BUSINESS office performs, which are comparable to pri­ NATIONAL BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS, INC., TO PUBLICATIONS, INC., JANUARY 27, 1961, WASH­ vate business versus those which are of a ADM. ARLEIGH A, BURKE, THE CHIEF OF NAVAL INGTON, D.C. unique public service character. OPERATIONS Mr. Chairman, distinguished guests, ladies Frank Pace, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Mr. Chairman, Lieutenant Daly, most dis­ and gentlemen, an honor such as this can General Dynamics Corp. tinguished guests, my friends and sponsors only be accepted with great pride. But it Ml'. DALY. Ml'. Pace, the vast undersea area of the Silver Quill-20 years ago this month, is pride tempered with hum111ty. of the globe began to be exploited last year I was a shipmate in the Navy with two of To live up to the principles inherent in for the first time for strategic missile deter­ your most distinguished guests this eve­ this award will indeed be a high goal. But rence by the Polaris system. Major upcom­ ning-Ensign Connally, who is now your Sec­ the obligation to make the endeavor will al­ ing advances in knowledge and use of the retary, and Lieutenant Commander Burke, ways be with me. seas include an attempt to punch a hole who is now the Chief of Naval Operations. These state of the Nation dinners, how­ through the hard crust of the earth, known And I am the oldest commander, in grade, ever, are far more than occasions to honor as "Mohole"; increased missile activity on in the history of the U.S. Navy. individuals. These meetings held by the the surface and below the seas; achievement My memory goes back to the closing National Business Publications perform out­ of economical desalinization of sea water. of the Texas Legislature some 30 years ago, standing service for our country. Can you comment on those developments; in the middle of the depression, when the This annual forum brings together the can you offer suggestions which wlll enable Texas senator who had authored the Econ­ leaders of government and industry to dis­ the business press of the Nation to keep on omy Act called up a friend of his who was a cuss and develop solutions to our national top of such developments? judge in his hometown, and said, "Judge, I problems. And throughout the year, the Mr. PAcE. John Daly, I ponder deeply on just wanted to tell you that we passed the business press continues to help solve those this question. The next 40 years for economy bill tonight and abolished your problems. It provides a main channel of America is going to be a period of crisis. court." The judge said, "You didn't do it information--of technical knowledge and Winston Churchill described a crisis as a without a hearing did you?" He said, "No, professional experience-that is essential in dangerous opportunity. In America, we came we had a hearing." "Well," he said, "who maintaining the world leadership of the to think that when we conquered the West testified that my court ought to be abol­ United States in the years ahead. that we might have reached the ultimate ished?" The senator said, "Well, the mayor Today the United States is the strongest in achievement. And yet, it's well to re­ testified." The judge said, "Well, let me tell nation in the world-politically, econolnical­ member that two-thirds of the world's sur­ you about that mayor. We had to burn up ly and 1n11itarily. As a nation, we have face is submerged under water. And that several ballot boxes in every county to elect the power to overcome the perils of the future world is still quite unknown to us. We the man the first time." "Well," the sena­ and st111 further we have the wisdom and haven't reached it, we haven't conquered it, tor said, "he wasn't the only one that testi­ the ability to exploit the opportunities of we haven't even understood it. We have fied. The president of the bar association the future. made the start. testified that we didn't need two courts." Our goals are not easy ones. We face a Today, one of the great strengths of the "Well," he said, "let me tell you about the great many problems and underlying most free world lies in the Polaris launching sub­ president of the bar association. He repre­ of our problems is the Communist ambition marine which lends itself to our philosophy sents the criininal element in our section." to dominate the world. of defense through strength. As we probe "Well," he said, "the banker testified that we In preparing for the uncertainties of the our way into the ocean's depths, we find could do without your court." "Well," he future, we can, however, make plans and in not only new phenomena, but new sources said, "let me tell you about that banker and making these plans we do have certain of food and new sources of mineral. all of his family. They have been charging · beacons which can guide us safely through As we reach for desalinization of sea water, usurers rates ever since that bank got its treacherous waters. we find a solution to the great problem of first charter." "Well," he sald, "Judge, I Our basic national policy is stated simply our times--hunger. Communism feeds on think I ought to tell you that I was just and directly in the preamble to the Consti­ the hungry. When we reach out with our kidding you after all. A motion was made tution. To perfect our Union, to establish competence--our urge for the future to to abolish your court, but I fought that mo­ justice and order, to provide for our security, solve that problem-we are realizing the tion and I won. The blll has gone to your and most of all, to preserve the blessings quality of democracy. Governor and your court is still intact." The and responsibilities of liberty for ourselves· And, if we are going to do it, we're going judge sighed a sigh of relief and said, "Sen­ and for future generations. to do it through the system that has taken ator, why did you call me up and make me These same precepts-these same funda­ us where we are today-the free enterprise say some ugly things about three of the most mental concepts--determine the kind of mil­ system. The free enterpr ~ se system func­ beloved friends any man ever had?" itary power we need to safeguard and pre­ tions only when it is challenged as well as Now, I shall not transgress on your time to serve our precious freedom. For it has be­ understood. talk to you about my beloved shipmates-­ come apparent that neither we, nor our The function of the business press is not some of the best friends any man ever had­ freedom, could long exist as an island of just to praise it or to make it understood, but I do ask your indulgence for a moment liberty, in a world engulfed by communism. but to challenge it and to criticize it. If while I speak of one. Today our Nation is an integral part of a this is done, then this system that has All of us, as freedom-loving men and free world community. And the fortunes of served us so well in the past will be a means women, are heavily dependent upon dedi­ that community bear directly upon the of carrying us down the high road of the cated citizens who devote their lives to United States. future to leadership of the free world. standing between us and those who are out We are a charter member of the United ADDITIONAL REMARKS OF MASTER OF CERE- to destroy the freedoms that we cherish so Nations and a permament member of its Security Council. We have joined in treaties MONIES LOUIS J. PERROTTET much. Throughout history, every nation ha,g been deeply indebted to such men, but there and coalitions with over 40 other free coun­ Ladies and gentlemen-we come now to has probably never before, in all the history tries. We are bound by declaration and alli­ the climax of our evening and that ever ance with NATO, SEATO, and the Organiza­ proud moment for the specialized business of this Nation, been a time when our debt was deeper. tion of American States. We share in the press--the presentation of its Silver Quill hopes, in the aspirations, and in the efforts Award. You may be sure that there were Tonight, as we meet here, we have reached a stage where total tyranny has become a of free people all over the world. numerous candidates recommended to the This free world unity is of tremendous selection committee--all outstanding; all physical possibility. And we know it would Importance to the United States. Not only deserving. However, none sparkled with not only be a possib111ty but a reality, un­ in m111tary terms-but in polltical and eco­ such brilliance as the naval hero who is to less we had the capacity to fight back against nomic terms as well. For, as important as receive our highest tribute tonight. aggression. military ties-as military alliances may be-­ We are greatly favored by the presence of We have come here tonight to honor a man the foundation of real military strength is another great man of far-reaching leadership who has devoted his entire life to the de­ econolnic productivity and political stability. throughout the free world. A statesman of fense of our freedom. This is a man whose The citizens of our great country have no small stature--a Senator and majority name has become legendary in his own life­ willingly supported a very sizable Military leader of unprecedented accomplishment-­ time and who wm certainly be remembered Establishment in order to maintain this and now the Vice President of the United as one of the most outstanding military fig­ strength. We have a powerful Air Force, a States. ures in the history of the world. He has magnificent Army, a Marine Corps without Mr. Vice President-the Business Press of fought for us in time of war; he has fought equal anywhere in the world. And we have America is and always will be honored by it& to prepare us in time of peace. the strongest, most effective Navy in history. association with you and your momentous I cherish this privilege and I am proud of The importance of naval power-the im­ endeavor. We are delighted to have you the distinct honor that is given to me to­ portance of control of the seas--is increas­ here--not only in your newest c,apacity, but night to present the Silver Qu111 Award to ing. And this means control not in some as a distinguished naval officer and :fiyer­ an old friend, to a :fighting sailor, but, most vague undefined future but now, today, and to present the Silver Quill Award for 1960. of all, to a great American-Arleigh A. Burke. every day thereafter. The Navy must main- 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2507 tain a position of strength-demonstrable -atanding of the tremendous problems we Silver Quill is an honor that I will always strength-so great as to- leaven<> doubt that face. We need continued, enthusiastic sup- cherish and tonight is an evening that rwm we can and will maintain the freedom of the port in our· efforts, from all segments and sec- never forget. seas. tions of our Nation. ------A look at a globe shows clearly that there Many of you here tonight have already is a signlflcant characteristic common to contributed tremendously to this task. That · Mr. Paul Wooton most of the nations of the free world. They is- why I welcome this occasion to express my border on the sea. personal and official appreciation to the Na­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS The free world is act~ally a maritime con­ tional Business Press--al!ld to industry federation. This confederation dependa for which it serves so well-for all that they have OF its very existence upon the sea communica• contributed to the betterment of the Navy. tions which bind it t<>gether. Cut off these Scientists and engineers have helped us HON. OTTO E. PASSMAN communications and many countries of the simplify the design of our weapons. They OF LOUISIANA free worid would :find themselves isolated have helped us to eliminate unnecessary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without help, without supplies, without re­ gadgets, to reduce costs, without sacrificing inforcements, and at the mercy of some combat effectiveness. Tuesday, February 21, 1961 totali tarian aggressor. Such contributions as these are particu­ Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, a few From Scandinavia, all the way around to larly important, because weapons and weap­ days ago when Mr. Paul Wooton, the dis­ Japan, members of this maritime confedera­ ons systems are getting more and more ex­ tinguished senior Washington corres­ tion depend on free world control of the pensive and complex. Savings must be made pondent for the New Orleans

from Thee and received from men such Revenue Code of 1954, the chairman of SENATE as George Washington. the Ways and Means Committee had As we face our responsibilities, we ask appointed Mr. MILLS, of Arkansas, Mr. WEDNESDAY,. FEBRUARY 22, 1961 that Thou wnt bless us, in our turn, as KINa, of California, Mr. O'BRIEN, of n­ The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, he was blessed. Bless us, we pray, that linois, Mr. MASON, of Illinois, and Mr. and was called to order by the President we may draw inspiration from his ex­ BYRNES, of Wisconsin as members of pro tempore. _ ample, and may draw strength from the the Joint Committee on Internal Rev­ record of his strength. We realize that, enue Taxation, on the part of the House. WALLACE F. BENNETT, a Senator from essentially, all his strength came from The message also informed the Sen­ the State of Utah, offered the following Thee; and we seek Thee as our source of ate that, pursuant to the provisions of prayer: strength in our time of need. section 1, Public Law 86-42, the Speaker Our Father in heaven, we come be­ Bless us, we pray, that we may be able had appointed Mr. DoNOHUE, of Massa­ fore Thee on this anniversary of the to preserve the haven of peace and liberty chusetts, and Mr. MURPHY, of nlinois, as birthday of the founder of this Nation, which he helped to create. members of the U.S. delegation of the to participate in a traditional ceremony We ask these blessings in the name of Canada-United States Interparliamen:.. that has been observed in the Senate Thy Son, Jesus Christ. Amen. tary Group, vice Mr. YATES and Mr. for many years since his death. In IKARD of Texas, excused. honoring him today, we honor ourselves; THE JOURNAL and. through honoring him, we honor On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING Thee for the blessings which Thou didst unanimous consent, the reading of the MORNING HOUR bestow on him in the days of his service Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, at to this Nation. February 20, 1961, was dispensed with. the conclusion of the reading of the The problems he faced were much the Farewell Address by our first President, same as the ones we face today; only there will be the usual morning hour. the circumstances are different. These MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE I ask unanimous consent that state­ problems grow essentially out of the A message from the House of Repre­ ments in connection therewith be lim­ weakness of man; and their solution sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its ited to 3 minutes. must be found in the strength that man reading clerks, informed the Senate that, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ can draw from the inspiration received pursuant to section 8002 of the Internal out objection, it is so ordered. CVII--159