CSSTEAP Newsletter JANUARY, 2020 l VOLUME 23 l ISSUE 1

on a mission of capacity Centre for Space Science & building, the initiative of the Technology Education in United nations, for Asia and Asia & the Pacific the Pacific Region in Space Science and Technologym through (CSSTEAP) Excellence in Education, (Affiliated to the United Nations) Training and Research. CSSTEAP Governing Board Chairman Dr. K. Sivan India

Members Mr. Hari Odari Mr. Shamsuddin Ahmed Nepal Bangladesh H.E (Mr.) Ramon S. Bagatsing, Jr. Dr. Hong Yong IL Philippines DPR Korea Mr. Joon Lee Dr. Thomas Djamaluddin Republic of Korea Indonesia Eng. S. Panawennage Mr. Ali Sadeghi Naein Sri Lanka Iran The Executive Director GISTDA H.E. Mr. Bulat Sergazievich Sarsenbayev Thailand Kazakhstan Dr. Kamol M. Muminov Prof. Abdykalykov Akymbek Abdykalykovich Uzbekistan Kyrgyz Republic Observers H.E. Dato Hidayat abdul Hamid Dr. Simonetta Di Pippo Malaysia UN-OOSA President of Mongolian Academy of Sciences Prof. Dr. Ir. A. (Tom) Veldkamp Mongolia ITC (The Netherlands)

Dr. Kyi Thwin Secretary Myanmar Dr. A. Senthil Kumar Mr. Charan Kamal Singh Bhalla Director, CSSTEAP, India Nauru

Governing Board Members and Special Invitees during 24thGoverning Board Meeting at New Delhi, December 2, 2019 CONTENTS P01 P03 P05 P16 P19 P21 P28 P06 P13 P09 -11) S-3) SAGE S-11) P67 P69 TELLITE ACE AND TMET T COURSES HIGHLIGHTS COM 12) AND S ABSTRACTS TE SENSING & TE SENSING & OR'S MES T TE COURSE ON TE COURSE ON TE (SA ABOUT CSSTEAP SHOR STEAP DIRECT T CS TION (SA T PROJECT TION SYSTEM (RS & GIS) TION SYSTEM (RS & GIS) TION SYSTEMS (GNS TE COURSE ON SA TE COURSE ON SP OBAL CLIMA PILO POST GRADUA POST GRADUA VIGA th rd TMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (SA 3 A 12 TE COURSE ON REMO TE COURSE ON REMO BAL NA STEAP GOVERNING BOARD OGY AND GL POST GRADUA GLO POST GRADUA th th 11 TELLITE COMMUNICA 11 SA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMA POST GRADUA POST GRADUA th METEOROL rd 24 23 MEETING OF CS GLIMPSES OF STUDENT ACTIVITIES A

Director's Message

The Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP) has been making important contributions in terms of empowering scientists and engineers in Asia Pacific region in the frontier areas of Space Science and Technology and their Applications since its inception in 1995. In particular, the prime focus has been on long-term and short-term programs for mid-career professionals by inviting them to its 9-month long Post Graduate (PG) courses and short courses spanning for about 2-4 weeks. The PG courses are offered covering the wide spectrum of Geospatial Technologies and Applications - Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, Satellite Communications & Global Positioning Systems, Satellite Meteorology & Global Climate, Space & Atmospheric Science and Global Navigation Satellite System, approved by UNOOSA as potential subjects for societal benefit applications. Short courses cover typically different themes of Remote Sensing and GIS applications, Small Satellite Missions, Numerical Weather Prediction models and Navigation and Satellite Positioning System on regular basis. The Centre also organizes short courses & awareness programmes from time to time based on the request of user departments.

CSSTEAP has been involved in supporting efforts by UN-OOSA capacity building initiatives. In 2019 again, it participated in two special programs: a) With a request from UN-SPIDER, the Centre has conducted one week off- campus customised training course in Myanmar on “Earth Observation for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment and Emergency Response” during March 11-15, 2019 and b) supported another programme by SAARC Disaster Management Centre on the "Utilisation of Space-based and Geospatial Information for Achieving the Targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction” from 4 to 8 December, 2019 in Ahmedabad, India. In addition, as per recommendation by its Governing Board, the Centre has initiated a global webinar on “Application of Remote Sensing in Hydro-meteorological and Geological disasters in September 2019 which attracted 148 participants from 12 countries. The Center has participated in UNCCD-COP-14 meeting held during Sept. 2-3, 2019 in New Delhi.

In all its programs, CSSTEAP concentrates on providing strong hands-on experience to apply the methods learnt in class rooms into practical case studies with maximum thrust to work with data of the participants' respective countries. I am happy to note that the course participants of PG courses have taken up this challenge to carry out a pilot project as part of the course curriculum. This certainly builds up confidence among participants to apply the methods studied to undertake future projects in their home country for their national development. This Newsletter consists of an overview of pilot projects carried out by the participants, besides other relevant information on different activities of CSSTEAP.

Dr. A. Senthil Kumar Director

P1

About CSSTEAP

Considering the importance and use of space science, technology and applications in promoting social and economic development, the United Nations, through its Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN- OOSA), facilitated the establishment and operation of the Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education. In its resolution 45/72 of December 11, 1990, the United Nations General Assembly (UN-GA) endorsed the recommendation of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) to establish Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology in developing countries. Under the auspices of the United Nations, through its Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN- OOSA), seven Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education have been established in the regions that correspond to the United Nations Economic Commissions for Asia and the Pacific (India and China), Africa (Morocco, Nigeria) and Latin America and the Caribbean (with offices in Brazil and Mexico) and Jordan for the West Asia region. The Centres are affiliated to the United Nations through UN-OOSA. The Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP) was the first centre globally established on November 1, 1995 in India with an objective to impart education/training in the areas of RS&GIS, Satellite Communications, Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate, Space and Atmospheric Science, Navigation and Satellite Positioning System and Small Satellite Missions using modern infrastructure, technology and training tools and practices. The Centre has announced a new Post Graduate course on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) from 2015 and is hosted by Space Applications Centre, ISRO Ahmedabad.

The Centre's headquarter is located in Dehradun, India, and its programmes are executed by faculty of the Department of Space (DOS) at campuses in Dehradun, Ahmedabad and Bengaluru. The Centre has arrangements with Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun for RS & GIS course; with Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad for Satellite Communication (SATCOM), Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate (SATMET) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Navigation and Satellite Positioning Systems (NAVSAT) short courses; with Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad for Space & Atmospheric Science course and UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengaluru for short course on Small Satellite Missions. The Centre also has agreement with the Government of India by which it has been accorded specific privileges and international status to the centre, similar to the privileges enjoyed by UN specialized agencies. Under the agreement the Centre also has access to facilities, infrastructure and expertise of DOS/ISRO institutions, including IIRS, SAC, PRL and URSC. The Centre has a Governing Board consisting of signatories from 17 countries from Asia-Pacific region and two observers, (UN-OOSA & ITC, The Netherlands). The Centre has formal UN affiliation with UN-OOSA for developing the CSSTEAP model and extending support in terms of expert advice, technical assistance, relevant documentation and future directions. The countries have agreed to the goals and objectives of the Centre by endorsing a cooperation agreement through which the Centre was established. The technical activities of the Centre are guided by an International Advisory Committee (AC) consisting of subject experts that critically reviews the curricula, technical facilities, expertise in terms of faculty, etc.

P3 The course curricula developed by the Centre and endorsed by the United Nations are adapted for the educational programmes. The educational programmes of the centre are oriented towards the dissemination of knowledge in relevant aspects of space science and technology. The centre offers Post Graduate level courses in five areas. The model of the PG courses is designed as to emphasize university educators, researchers and application scientists on the development and enhancement of knowledge and skills coupled with a application project. The successful completion of the 9-month PG-Phase of the programme leads to the award of a Post Graduate Diploma by the centre. For the participants who successfully finish their PG course and are interested in continuing for a Master of Technology (M.Tech) degree, the centre offer the opportunity to do so, in collaboration with Andhra University (AU), Visakapatnam, India. This gives an opportunity to the scholar to apply their knowledge and training received to deal with a 'real life' problem, where inputs from space technology can be used. Besides the Post Graduate level courses, the Centre also conducts short courses, workshops, awareness programmes on specific themes in the four areas, highlighting how space-based information can be used for national development. These educational programmes have benefited many scientists/engineers who will be the future policy & decision makers in several countries.

CSSTEAP conducts all of its educational programmes in close collaboration with one of the DOS institutions and thus has direct access to their physical facilities and intellectual capabilities. In addition to providing facilities, infrastructure and skilled manpower, the Government of India, through the Department of Space provides most of the funding. Funding grants for international travel of participants, subject experts, tuition fees and scholarships of students and the management of the centre are mainly provided by Department of Space on behalf of Host country. UN-OOSA also provides funding for travel of the participants. Other agencies financially contribute include are UN Agencies like UNSPIDER, Beijing, China; UN-ESCAP in Bangkok, Thailand, UNESCO and UNDP.

Educational Programmes The Centre offers post-graduate (PG) level training in five areas of specialization namely: 1) Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (RS & GIS), 2) Satellite Communication (SATCOM), 3) Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate (SATMET) 4) Space and Atmospheric Science (SAS), and 5) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

Till date the Centre has conducted 58 PG Courses: 23 in RS & GIS, 11 each in SATCOM, SATMET and SAS, and 2 in GNSS. Currently 24th RS & GIS course at Dehradun, 12th SATCOM and 3rd GNSS courses at SAC, Ahmedabad are in progress. In addition, the Centre has also conducted many short courses (regular and demand based) and workshops in the past 24 years. These programmes have benefitted 2314 participants from 36 countires from Asia-pacific region and 20 countries from outside Asia-pacific region.

Till date PG courses have benefitted 966 participants while Short Courses have benefitted 1200 participants and Webinar has benefitted 148 participants.

P4 Highlights , CSSTEAP Dr. S.P. Aggarwal amme Coordinator Progr P5 COMPLETED COMPLETED PG COURSES COURSES PG SHORT COURSES ONGOING PG COURSES 23rd POST GRADUATE COURSE ON REMOTE SENSING & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (RS & GIS)

The twenty-third PG course on each from Bhutan, Lao PDR and social systems, customs and Remote Sensing and Geographic Myanmar are attending the festivals of India, overview of Information System of CSSTEAP course. The participants enrolled space science, technology and commenced on July 1, 2018 at were from varied educational applications, etc. Module-1A Indian Institute of Remote background like Agriculture and c o v e r e d b a s i c a l l y t h e Sensing (IIRS), ISRO, Dehradun, Soils, Marine and Atmospheric fundamentals of RS&GIS with one of the host institutions of Sciences, Geoscience and Geo- theory, practical and tutorials. The CSSTEAP. Total twenty-four Hazards, Geoinformatics, Urban participants had several field p a r t i c i p a n t s f ro m e l eve n and Regional Studies, Water excursions for ground truth countries of Asia-Pacific Region Resources, Satellite Image collection and for interpretation viz., four participants from India, Analysis and Forestry and Ecology. and analysis of satellite data. three participants each from Module-1B participants were Tajikistan and Thailand, two The course started with an introduced to the recent trends in participants each from Vietnam, 'Induction week' where the RS & GIS and Environmental M o n g o l i a , U z b e k i s t a n , participants were exposed to assessment and Monitoring with Bangladesh and Nepal and one geographic perspective of India, special emphasis on Sustainable

P6 Valedictory Function of 23rd RS and GIS Courses at IIRS, Dehradun

Development Goals (SDGs). Distinguished Professor (ISRO) on Remote Sensing Based Reservoir Participants were given an 'Science of Remote Sensing'; Dr. V. Sedimentation Assessment, Soil overview on how space technology Gopalakrishnan, Asso. Director, s a l i n i t y a n d wa te r l o g g i n g can be useful in addressing SDGs. Policies, ISRO on 'Space Law'; Dr assessment using Remote Shirish Ravan, Senior Programme Sensing & GIS, Monitoring urban In Module-II course participants Officer United Nations Office for change using LiDAR data, Utilizing had chosen one of the eight Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) on geo-social media as a proxy for electives i.e. Agriculture & Soils, Overview of Sustainable Development improved flood monitoring, Rice Forestry & Ecology, Geosciences & Goals” and interact with Dr. T Syed crop inventory using Temporal Geohazards, Marine & Atmospheric Ahmed of United Nations Sentinel SAR data, Soil erosion Science, Water Resources, Urban & Economic ad Social Commission risk assessment using RS and GIS, Regional Planning, Satellite image for Asia and The Pacific (UNESCAP). High resolution tree biomass analysis & photogrammetry and mapping using object based Geo-informatics, based on their Module-III of three months image analysis and Cartosat-2S academic qualification, technical duration, consisted of execution of data, Time series interferometry requirement of their parent a pilot project based on the a n a l y s i s fo r d e fo r m a t i o n organization and their professional knowledge gained during the monitoring using scatterer based experience. In present batch 7 course by utilizing space inputs. technique, Integration of Remote participants had opted for Water Good quality project work was Sensing with Geophysical Resources, 4 for Satellite Image carried out by the participants Techniques for Ground Water Analysis, 3 each for Geoinformatics which was evaluated by a panel of Exploration, Urban flood hazard and Forestry & Ecology, 2 each experts. Some of the notable assessment, Detection and from Geosciences & Geo-hazards, areas of the pilot project carried mapping of sea grass using Marine & Atmospheric Science out by participants were on satellite imagery and ground data, and Urban & Regional Studies, 1 Snowmelt Runoff Modeling, I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t r o p i c a l for Agriculture & Soils.

The core components of course syllabus were covered by the faculty of IIRS and additional lectures by guest faculty on specialized topics was also arranged for the academic benefit of the course participants. The subject experts were invited from various organizations. The participants had an opportunity to have guest lectures delivered from Dr. George Joseph (Honorary

P7 cyclogenesis using NWP model and forecast and SAR data processing for oil spill detection to name a few.

As part of the course curricula the participants were taken for technical visits to Andhra University, Visakhapatnam and N R S C S h a d n a g a r, N R S C - Balanagar and NRSC-Training Facility in Hyderabad. Participants visited ISRO, URSC in Bangalore during September 16 to October 3, 2018. At IMGEOS cour se participants had an opportunity to see the state-of-art multi-mission ground segment processing enterprise for earth observation satellites and also witnessed real time acquisition of EO data at Shadnagar, Hyderabad. The participants were also shown the virtual reality facility at NRSC, Shadnagar Campus. At Andhra University, course participants were taken to Andhra University where they attended lectures on specialized topics (on rainwater harvesting, flood mitigation and coastal hazard vulnerability and GIS modelling), met Vice Chancellor of Andhra University 20- 23, 2018. The participants On the social front, the participants and also their documents were had an opportunity also to had glimpses of Indian festivities verified for finding M.Tech attend pre-symposium tutorials by their active participation in eligibility. During technical visits, on the emerging topics like various festivals such as par ticipants also had an Big Data Analytics, Ground-Based Dussehra, Diwali, Id-ul-Fitr, opportunity to visit cultural & 3D Modeling, and Citizen Science. Christmas, New Year etc. In addition to the academic activities natural landscape in Visakhapatnam, · Participated in the post- special English language classes and Hyderabad and have an symposium tutorials organized were also conducted for first three understanding of Indian culture, under ISPRS WG III/10, months for the participants to help heritage and traditions. G E O G L A M , I S R S J o i n t in understanding the subjects International Workshop on taught in classes with more clarity. The participants of the course "Earth Observations for during their stay were given an Agricultural Monitoring" on opportunity to participate in UAV Remote Sensing for workshops, tutorials and conferences. Agriculture, on topics like Important of them are: Machine Learning Tools, Satellite Observations of Fire · ISPRS Technical Commission V and SAR for Rice during 21-22 Symposium on "Education & February, 2019 at New Delhi. Outreach - Geospatial technology · IIIRS Academia Meet (IAM) Shashi Kumar C.M. Bhatt - Pixel to People” at Indian organized on March 14, 2019 Course Coordinator Course Director Institute of Remote Sensing, RS&GIS RS&GIS at IIRS Campus. [email protected] [email protected] Dehradun, India during Nov

P8 11TH POST GRADUATE COURSE IN SATELLITE METEOROLOGY AND GLOBAL CLIMATE (SATMET-11)

The Centre for Space Science and Space Applications Centre (SAC), documents of UN-OOSSA was Technology Education in Asia and Ahmedabad. A joint inaugural adopted for the course. The Board the Pacific (CSSTEAP), affiliated to function of the two courses i.e. the of Studies (BoS) Committee of the United Nations is imparting Satellite Meteorology and Global Satellite Meteorology & Global training in various disciplines climate conducted by Space Climate constituted by Director, including “Satellite Meteorology Applications Centre and the Space CSSTEAP had modified the and Global Climate (SATMET)”. The and Atmospheric Sciences syllabus. Eleventh Post Graduate Courses on conducted by Physical Research Satellite Meteorology and Global Laboratory was held at K.R. This SATMET-11 course has 2 Climate under the aegis of the UN Ramnathan Auditorium, PRL on 6th semesters spread in 3- modules. s t affiliated CSSTEAP, is being August 2018. This function was The 1 module covers the conducted at Space Applications presided over by Shri D K Das, fundamentals of Satellite C e n t r e ( B o p a l C a m p u s ) , Director SAC & Dr. Anil Bhardwaj, Meteorology and Global climate, nd Ahmedabad during August 1, Director PRL, Dr. A. Senthil Kumar, and 2 module deals with Advance 2018 to April 30, 2019. Director CSSTEAP, and Senior Concept of Satellite Meteorology, Officers from SAC and PRL graced e.g., Geophysical Parameter Thirteen participants from Eight the function. Retrieval and Satellite Products countries in Asia-Pacific region and their application in NWP etc. have undergone this course. They The valedictory function of this The 3rd module, called Pilot project a r e m o s t l y o p e r a t i o n a l course was held on 29 April 2019. module (duration: 3 months) the forecasters, meteorologists, and Sri A. S. Kiran Kumar, Ex-Chairman participants have to do project on researchers in their own country. ISRO has delivered the valedictory a topic relevant to their own After they learn about satellite address to the participants. Other country under the guidance of an meteorology, they will impart dignitaries Shri D K Das, Director expert scientist from Space training to their own officers in this SAC, Dr. Anil Bhardwaj, Director Applications Centre, Ahmedabad. subjects once they go back. The PRL, Dr. A. Senthil Kumar, Director par ticipants are from the CSSTEAP and Senior Officers from During Module I and Module II countries like Bangladesh, India, SAC and PRL also graced this there were theory classes in the Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, function. morning and practicals in the Myanmar, Philippines , Tajikistan. afternoon sessions. There were The course commenced on August A thoroughly detailed syllabus on tutorials; weather discussion 1, 2018 at the Bopal Campus of the basis of Grenada and Frascati c l i m a te s e m i n a r a n d t h e

P9 performance of the participants Sounder data (INSAT-3D/3DR), conducted in the afternoon. The were assessed through written, GPS Meteorology, Scatterometer main work-horse for the practicals interactive sessions and practicals Applications, Humidity profiles were data from INSAT and NOAA exe rc i s e s . O n s u c c e s s f u l form SAPHIR sensor onboard satellites. Microwave Data Sets completion of the Phase I, the Megha Tropiques, SARL/Altika Mega Tropiques SAPHIR, participants will be given the PG data Processing and related SARAL/ALTIKA SSM/I, TRMM and diploma, and they can complete applications are incorporated from GCM outputs etc. were extensively their PHASE-II project work in their this course onwards, which was used by the course participants. own county for one year, and the highly appreciated by the SATMET- During the first module the work can be submitted to Andhra 11 students. emphasis was on data / image University for the award of M. Tech. interpretation with many case Faculty studies on clouds, tropical A one-week orientation module, cyclones etc. The second module Faculty members for this course covering various topics related to consisted basics of geophysical were drawn mostly from the Space Technology, with special parameter retrieval, assimilation of Atmospheric and Oceanic emphasis on Remote Sensing & Satellite Data in NWP, validations Sciences Group (AOSG), SAC, GIS, Satellite meteorology, Satellite and their applications. Communications and Space Ahmedabad. A few scientists from Sciences was introduced. Special the other Groups of Space Special Facilities lectures were delivered by eminent Applications Centre, the Physical scientists in this module. The idea Research Laboratory, experts from SATMET-11 course was held in the was to make all the course India Meteorological Department spacious SAC (Bopal) Campus. A participants aware about the (IMD) and Andhra University etc. special SATMET Laboratory with capabilities of Space Technology and also delivered lectures. modular structure, uninterrupted related applications in various fields. power supply and networking was In addition to class room lectures commissioned for the course with Few new practicals in Temperature during the morning hours, twenty PC's and a Server. This and humidity profiles from practicals using satellite data were facilitated easy access to various

P10 satellite data sets, software etc. to A separate CSSTEAP Network was minor ailments. There were no each participant, particularly installed with access from Class major health problems reported by during their three months pilot room, laboratory and hostel. With the participants during the nine- project phase. Special terminals this network the students could months course. for e-mail purposes were provided, access the study materials (Class both in office and at hostel, which room lectures) both in word and in Seminar, Tutorials and Map helped the participants in data presentation form, this facilitated Discussions downloading, browsing and also to them to recall the class room Each participant gave a number of remain in touch with their lectures again and benefited seminars during the course, related families/office. particularly the students with to climate and meteorological English language problem. Special problems affecting their region and A versatile software package “ English classes were held by also the topics related to their Pilot Python, Matlab etc” on each professionals near SAC Bopal Projects. This exercise helped them terminal provided much needed campus. standardization in data processing g r e a t l y t o i m p r o v e t h e i r (INSAT-3D/3DR, Megha Tropique, Hostel accommodation was presentation skills. They also got SCATSAT-1, NOAA, MODIS etc.) to arranged in the International an excellent exposure to working all the participants. This would hostel with good living facilities with numbers during the Tutorial help them immensely in the and with attached Kitchenette. sessions where a number of continuation of the project back Canteen facility was provided to simple, yet conceptual problems home. A set of three volumes of the participants in both Technical were discussed and solved in the lecture notes prepared especially c a m p u s a n d H o s t e l . F o r class. Participants enjoyed these for the SATMET course comprised entertainment DTH system was sessions meant to enhance the the main resource material. provided to them in their rooms. problem solving capabilities. These were distributed in the The participants used the A weekly Map discussion of the beginning itself to all the recreation and gym facilities made current Weather over Indian and participants, and updated notes available in the hostel area. Centre the Asia-Pacific using Satellite were also provided. also provided medical facilities for

P11 images, weather charts and model · Indian National Centre for · Cryo-sphere (assessment of forecasts available from various Ocean Information Services change) over Kyrgyzstan. sources was conducted during the (INCOIS) and Tsunami warning · Mesoscale convective studies first three months. This gave them Centre, Hyderabad using satellite data., SAPHIR / a good exposure to various web · IMD New Delhi MT Validation. sites providing operational · Now-casting/Rainfall and satellite data and forecasts and These tours were so designed that tropical cyclone studies using also helped them to keep track of the participants not only had an satellite data. various important meteorological opportunity to visit excellent · Radio Occultation and events over their own region. The facilities of ISRO and other Applications. active south-west monsoon National Organisations, but also conditions over India and Gujarat, get familiarised with the cultural The topics for one-year Project in particular, gave a good feel of heritage, diversity and natural work were identified after several heavy monsoon spells to the scenic beauty of various parts in discussions with the participants. participants and made the India, including the famous Taj Mahal. The field of interest of the weather discussions ver y participants, the needs of the educative, informative and lively. Pilot Projects sponsoring organisations and the Technical Visits The candidates learnt a lot during facilities available in the countries the 3 months Pilot-Project-about of participants for supporting the During the 9 months Course, the formulation of a problem of project work were taken into participants visited some of the relevance to their country, account while deciding the project. i m p o r t a n t I n s t i t u t i o n s / specifying and acquiring data, Laboratories in the country to have execution, and communication a first-hand experience of the both orally and in writing. The utilization of satellite data in an variety of coverage of themes can operational environment. The be appreciated from the list of technical tours included visits to: Projects given in this Memoir. · Doppler Weather Radar (DWR), Chennai The Pilot Project could be listed in Dr. B. Simon following broad topics: Course Director · A n d h r a U n i v e r s i t y , · Assimilation of satellite data Visakhapatnam. and impact studies of Severe · Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Weather model. Sriharikota · Sounding products using · National Remote Sensing INSAT-3D / AIRS and MODIS Dr. Sanjib K Deb Dr. Kaushik Gopalan Centre, Hyderabad data - validation/ Applications. Associate Course Course Coordinator Director

P12 11TH POST GRADUATE COURSE ON SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (SAS-11)

The Eleventh Post Graduate Course on Space and Atmospheric Science (SAS-11) began on August 1, 2018, at Space Applications Centre (Bopal Campus). There were 13 participants: 3 from India, 2 from Myanmar, 6 from Mongolia, and 1 each from Nepal and Uzbekistan. A joint inaugural function of this course, hosted by Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), and the Eleventh Satellite Meteorology and Global climate Joint Valedictory Function of SAS-11 and SATMET-11 Courses at SAC, Ahmedabad course (SATMET-11), conducted by Space Applications Centre (SAC), after the common module was afternoon sessions. For each of was held at K.R. Ramanathan over. The course was spread over these subjects, there were tests, Auditorium, PRL on August 6, two semesters. Faculty members assignments and short seminars 2018. Shri D.K. Das (Director, included eminent Scientists/ which were graded and used for SAC), Dr. Anil Bhardwaj (Director, Engineers from PRL and other internal assessment of the PRL), Dr. Senthil Kumar ((Director, Institutions in India. Subjects students. Lectures for the first CSSTEAP, Dehradun) and senior covered in the 1st semester were semester ended on November 1, officers from SAC and PRL graced Earth's Atmosphere and Climate 2018. Final examinations for the the function. Change, Ionosphere and Radio first semester were conducted Communication, Planetar y during the period November 5-14, T h e c o u r s e s t a r t e d w i t h Science and Exploration, Ground- 2018. introductory lectures common and Based Experiments for Near-earth useful to both SAS and SATMET E n v i r o n m e n t , a n d S p a c e The SAS-11 participants attended participants. In this common Instrumentation. Classroom the 15th International Symposium module, very interesting talks lectures were delivered during the on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-15), were given by the faculty members morning hours and relevant hosted by Physical Research from PRL, SAC and IIRS. The practicals were conducted in the Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, regular course began immediately India during October 22 26, 2018.

P13

Course Participants with Shri A S Kiran Kumar, Former Chairman ISRO during ISEA-15 International Symposium

This symposium allowed them to know the current status of research in the field of space physics, in general, and equatorial aeronomy, in particular. Several of the topics covered in ISEA-15 were taught as part of the curriculum of UN Space and Atmospheric science course and so the SAS-11 participants benefitted a lot from this opportunity.

As a part of the programme, the students were taken on a scientific tour during the period November 15-27, 2018, to selected national centres of excellence in Space and Atmospheric Science. We visited

Alibag Magnetic Observatory run Course Participants visited NRSC, Hyderabad b y I n d i a n I n s t i t u t e o f Geomagnetism, National Remote document verification. Stellar and Galactic Astronomy, sensing Centre (NRSC) and TIFR Classes for the second semester Electronic Devices and Detectors balloon facility at Hyderabad, began on December 3, 2018, and for Space Instrumentation, and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) ended on January 22, 2019. There Space Exploration. at Delhi and Andhra University, were 4 theory papers covering Vishakhapatnam for the mandatory topics on Sun and Space Weather, Final examinations for the second

P14 semester were held during Abu during February 10-14, 2019. data in Mongolia January 25-February 1, 2019. From February 15, 2019, pilot 5. L o n g t e r m t r e n d s o f Immediately thereafter, the projects started. Each student precipitation in Mongolia students participated in ISRO- STP chose a topic of her/his research 6. Surface ozone in an urban (Structured Training Programme) interest and pursued the research atmosphere at PRL during February 4-8, 2019. under the guidance of a faculty of 7. Asteroids and Comets The theme of this STP was "Recent PRL. The pilot project topics were Advances in Scientific Research in as follows: 8. Space debris and their the Earth, Planetary and Space impacts Sciences using Ground and Space- 1. Solar Cycle and seasonal 9. I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f based data: Global Perspectives". variations of the critical Thermophysical Properties of This STP covered a variety of frequency and height of L u n a r A n a l o g u e s b y fascinating topics on Earth, maximum ionization of F2- Laboratory Measurements Planetary and Space Sciences and layer over Ahmedabad 10. GEANT4 simulation for the utilization of ground and Space- 2. Remote Sensing of the Moon Silicon detectors in D-E based observations. After 3. Analytical modelling of the mode attending the STP programme, the solar coronal magnetic field 11. M o d a l a n d s t r u c t u r a l students went on a scientific tour 4. L o n g t e r m t r e n d s o f analysis of quadrupole mass to Udaipur Solar Observatory and temperature and pressure spectrometer the infra-red observatory at Mt. 12. Study of the solar origin of low-frequency radio bursts observed by the e-CALLISTO network 13. Classifying Supernovae using their optical spectra

The pilot projects were evaluated on April 12, 1919, when each student gave a short presentation of her/his project work in front of an expert committee.

A Joint Valedictory Function of the two courses was held on Monday, April 29, 2019, at Bopal Campus, SAC. Shri A. S. Kiran Kumar (Prof. Vikram Sarabhai Professor, ISRO HQ), the Chief Guest, presented the certificates to the participants.

Dr. J. Banerji Course Director Participants visited Qutub Minar (UNESCO World Heritage Site) at Delhi [email protected]

P15 24th POST GRADUATE COURSE ON REMOTE SENSING & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (RS & GIS)

The twenty-fourth Post Graduate and Tajikistan, and one participant participants were exposed to (PG) course on Remote Sensing each from Bangladesh, Nepal, geographic perspective of India, and Geographic Information Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are social systems, customs and System of CSSTEAP commenced attending the course. The festivals of India, overview of on July 1, 2019 at Indian Institute participants enrolled are from space science, technology and of Remote Sensing (IIRS), ISRO, varied educational background applications etc. A local trip was Dehradun. IIRS is one of the host like Agriculture and Soils, Marine also organized for the awareness institutions of CSSTEAP situated in and Atmospheric Sciences, within and around the Dehradun Dehradun, capital city of Geoscience and Geo-Hazards, city for the par ticipants. Uttarakhand state of India. Total Geoinformatics, Urban and Thereafter, participants have gone twenty-two participants from ten R e g i o n a l S t u d i e s , W a t e r through the main academic countries of Asia-Pacific Region Resources, Satellite Image programme which comprises of viz., three participants each from Analysis and Forestry and Ecology. two semesters. Semester-1 India, Myanmar and Mongolia, five consists of module-IA and module- participants from Sri Lanka, two The course started with an IB and are common to all course participants each from Bhutan 'Induction week' where the participants while semester-2

P16 Educational tour of 24th RS and GIS Course Participant to Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad

consists of specialization module- II and module-III for pilot project work. Module-IA covered the fundamental concepts of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic I n fo r m a t i o n S y s te m ( G I S ) technology with lecture, practical, tutorial and field excursions. The participants had several field excursions for ground truth collection and for interpretation and analysis of remote sensing satellite data. Module-IB is specifically designed to cover the advance topics in RS & GIS and Agriculture & Soils, Forestry & W a t e r R e s o u r c e s , 4 f o r environmental analysis and E c o l o g y , G e o s c i e n c e s & Geoinformatics, 3 each for management. G e o h a z a r d s , M a r i n e & agriculture and Soils, 2 for Marine Atmospheric Science, Water & Atmospheric Science and 1 for Based on their academic Resources, Urban & Regional Geosciences & Geo-hazards. b a c k g r o u n d , t e c h n i c a l Planning, Satellite image analysis requirement of their parent & photogrammetry and Geo- The core components of course o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d t h e i r informatics. In current 24th batch, syllabus were covered by the professional experience, in 7 participants had opted for faculty of IIRS and additional semester-2/module-II, every Satellite image analysis & lectures by guest faculty on course participant has chosen one photogrammetry, 5 participants for specialized topics were also of the eight available electives i.e. arranged for the academic benefit

P17 of the course participants. The subject experts were invited from various organizations. The participants had an opportunity to have guest lectures delivered from Dr. Keran Wang, Chief, Space Applications Section (SAS), (IDD), UN ESCAP, Bangkok on 'ESCAP Programme in Space Application for SDGs implementation'; Dr. A.V Kulkarni, DCCC, IISc, Bangalore and Dr. Ashish Mishra, KDMIPE, ONGC, Dehradun at CSSTEAP HQ, Dehradun. participants had an opportunity to Ramoji film city, Hyderabad; Module-III of three months' see the state-of-art multi-mission Akshardham Temple, India Gate, duration, consisted of execution of ground segment processing Delhi; Taj Mahal, Agra; and have an a pilot project based on the enterprise for earth observation understanding of Indian culture, knowledge gained during the satellites and also witnessed real heritage and traditions. course by utilizing space based time acquisition of EO data at assets is in progress and will be Shadnagar, Hyderabad. The The participants of the course will completed on March 31, 2020. participants were also shown the be given an opportunity to This module equips participants virtual reality facility at NRSC, participate in IIRS Academia Meet with advanced knowledge and Shadnagar Campus. At Andhra (IAM) organized on March 3, 2020 experience in applications of EO University, course participants at IIRS campus, Dehradun and data and GIS technology in attended lecture-series on also had a fruitful meeting with Dr. selected thematic discipline. specialized topics in the field of Keran Wang, Chief, Space rainwater harvesting, flood Applications Section (SAS), (IDD), As part of the course curricula, a mitigation and coastal hazard UN ESCAP, Bangkok at CSSTEAP technical visit for all course vulnerability and GIS modelling, HQ, Dehradun on January, 2020. participants was arranged to and met Vice Chancellor of Andhra N R S C O u t r e a c h F a c i l i t y - Univer sity and also their O n t h e s o c i a l f ro n t , t h e Jeedimetla, NRSC-Balanagar, and documents were verified for participants had glimpses of NRSC-Shadnagar, Hyderabad; finding M.Tech eligibility. During Indian festivities by their active A n d h r a U n i v e r s i t y , technical visits, participants also participation in various festivals Visakhapatnam; Historical had an opportunity to visit marine, such as Dandia, Dussehra, Diwali, monuments in Delhi; and coastal and terrestrial ecosystem Id-ul-Fitr, Christmas, New Year, Holi Tajmahal, Agra. At IMGEOS, course of in and around Visakhapatnam- ; etc. In addition to the academic activities special English language classes were also conducted for first three months for the p a r t i c i p a n t s t o h e l p i n understanding the subjects taught in classes with more clarity.

Hari Shankar C.M. Bhatt Course Coordinator Course Director RS&GIS RS&GIS [email protected] [email protected]

P18 12TH POST GRADUATE COURSE ON SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (SATCOM-12) AND 3RD POST GRADUATE COURSE ON GLOBAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS (GNSS-3)

The Twelfth Post Graduate Course on Satellite communication (SATCOM-12) and the Third Post Graduate Course on GNSS (GNSS- 03) under CSSTEAP have started at Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad from 01st August, 2019. 16 students from 8 d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s a r e participating this year in SATCOM- 12 while 14 students from 7 Inauguration of GNSS-03 and SATCOM-12 Courses at SAC, Ahmedabad d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s a r e participating in GNSS-03.

Director, SAC, inaugurated the courses in presence of Associate Director-SAC, Director CSSTEAP and Program Coordinator- CSSTEAP and other distinguished guests.

SATCOM-12 and GNSS-03 have completed Semester-I and Semester II by February, 2020, comprising of Theoretical Classes and laboratories.

T h e s t u d e n t s h a v e a l s o participated in educational tours to North and South India. All India SATCOM-12 participants attending a classroom lecture

P19 GNSS-03 and SATCOM-12 participants with other CSSTEAP officials at Doordarshan

Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD), UN ESCAP, visited SAC and interacted with the course students and the officials in January, 2020.

The students also attended the 4th ISSE National Conference (INAC-4) at SAC, Ahmedabad.

Dr. Karen Wang with Director CSSTEAP, Director SAC and Associate Director SAC Students have also visited other places of interest like Taj Mahal at Agra, Qutab Minar and Lotus Temple in Delhi, Halebeedu, Belur a n d S h r ava n a b e l a g o l a i n Karnataka.

Dr. Rajat Acharya Course Director SAC, Ahmedabad

Course Participants during 4th ISSE National Conference-2019 at Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad

Radio, Doordarshan, National were in the list of places visited by Physical Laboratory, MCF-Hassan, the students. ISTRAC, ISITE and Indian Satellite Mr. V.N. Parekh Mr. Vishal Agarwal Dr. Karen Wang, Chief, Space Course Coordinator Course Coordinator Launching site at SDSC-SHAR SATCOM GNSS Applications Section (SAS), SAC, Ahmedabad SAC, Ahmedabad

P20 SPACE WEATHER

SHORT COURSES

Space weather plays a very region (CSSTEAP) organized a members from 12 countries took important role in life on Earth and short course on “Space Weather” the course. Classes were held affects almost all aspects of conducted at Physical Research from 9-30 to 4-30 every working m o d e r n s o c i e t y. A c l e a r Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad day at Nano-SIMS hall. A total of 25 understanding of space weather during 14-27 November, 2019 for lectures were delivered by PRL's has become a necessity for the participants from Asia-Pacific expert faculty on Solar sources of modern civilization. With this view region. space weather, Propagation of the in mind, the Centre for Space electromagnetic and charged S c i e n c e a n d Te c h n o l o g y The inaugural ceremony was held particles through the heliosphere, th Education in Asia and Pacific at PRL on 14 November; 27 T h e r e s p o n s e o f E a r t h ' s

Participants at GONG site, USO

P21 Group Photo after Valediction Function magnetosphere, ionosphere and of Global Oscillation Network The trip to USO ended with a visit to thermosphere to Space Weather, Group (GONG) at Udaipur Solar MAST, the Multi-Application Solar Solar influence on middle Observatory or USO. The GONG Telescope installed on the island atmospheric processes, and site is part of a global network to in Lake Fatehsagar to observe the Effect of Space Weather on make continuous observations of photospheric and chromospheric electronic and communications the Sun and provides rich layers of the sun. The working systems. information about solar activity. principle and design of the main The participants got exposure telescope and the imaging For a better understanding of the regarding the working of the GONG instruments were explained to theory, there were practical instrument and the data products the students. The adaptive optics sessions on Measurement of the from GONG. system, developed in-house, for speed of coronal mass ejection, compensating atmospheric seeing Measurements of Sunspots They also visited the e-CALLISTO was also shown and explained. (number, area and rotation), site at USO. Callisto stands for M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e Compound Astronomical Low- At Mt Abu Observatory, the g e o m a g n et i c f i e l d , R a d i o Frequency Low-Cost Instrument students learned in detail about sounding of the ionosphere, f o r S p e c t r o s c o p y a n d the functioning of 1.2 m telescope Measurements of TEC and Transportable Observatory. The e- and the back-end instrumentation. scintillation using GPS, and Study CALLISTO system is a valuable new They observed the rings of Saturn of optical signatures of space tool for monitoring solar activity through the telescope. weather events. and for space weather research. e- CALLISTO is used for the The short course ended on 27th As a part of the programme, the observations of solar radio bursts November with a colourful participants were taken to Udaipur and radio frequency interference valediction ceremony. Feedback and Mount Abu for a very short monitoring for astronomical from the participants was very scientific tour. They visited the site science. positive.

P22 APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR)

SHORT COURSES

A Special Course on “Application of Geospatial Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) with Special Emphasis on Floods and Forest Fires” for CSSTEAP has been conducted from 20.05.2019 to 31.05.2019. The course has been organised by CSSTEAP and conducted by IIRS. The course has been attended by a total of 23 participants from 5 different countries: 6 Participants from India, 8 from Kazakhstan, 2 from Mongolia, Group photo of course participants and officials of IIRS, Dehradun 4 from Nepal & 3 from Tajikistan. monitoring and impact assessment, damage prediction and finally SDG and its role in DRR & Sendai Disaster Management System The course had a healthy mix of Framework, Application of DEM in Based on Web-GIS service. theory lectures in the forenoon hydrological studies, Basic sessions followed by practical/ H y d r o l o g y C o n c e p t s a n d The practical exercises' and hands hands on/ demonstrations in the Introduction to hydrological on were on Visualization and afternoon sessions. The lectures modelling, DSC for flood early image interpretation, image have been taken by subject matter warning, Flood frequency analysis analysis, feature extraction and inputs from IIRS & 4 Guest faculty and flood routing as well as Flood image classification, GIS spatial from NRSC, UNESCAP, NESAC ect. early warning using integration of data analysis, Flood inundation The lectures ranged from Basic meteorological and hydrological mapping and damage assessment, Concepts of Remote Sensing and models. In forest fire the lecture DEM hydro-processing (water shed Image Interpretation, Innovations included Basics of forest type and delineation) and DEMO on flood in Big Data Ecosystem for impact cover and its distribution in Asia modelling, Forest fire burnt area based, risk informed flood and India, Thermal Remote mapping and Forest fire risk forecasting, Role of International Sensing for forest fire detection, assessment using satellite Charter and Sentinel Asia in DRR, Role of remote sensing and GIS in information. The course was highly Over view of Indian Space program forest fire detection, assessment appreciated by the participants and Space based Location Service and monitoring, UAV and its and all have been very satisfied for DRR. Among the main areas application in Disaster Monitoring with the programme design, covered in fold hazard were Optical and Mitigation, Forest fire risk methodology of teaching & and microwave remote sensing for assessment and modelling and practical session, reading flood inundation mapping, Models for forest fire spread and materials & the hospitality of IIRS.

P23 WEATHER FORECASTING USING NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS

SHORT COURSES

Numerical Weather Prediction processes and most importantly In the last 10-years or so SAC (NWP) is the quantitative forecast availability of new observations ISRO has created a store of weather or climate based on a (terrestrial, airborne and space- house of Indian satellite model or a set of models derived based platforms). database from various ISROs from our BEST understanding of m e t e o r o l o g i c a l / e a r t h the physical processes that Large number of activities such as observation missions and are govern the atmosphere or the transportation, agriculture, climate. national planning, warning against operationally available in the extreme weather conditions, solar MOSDAC data centre. Today the skill of NWP forecast is and wind power sectors requires significantly improved, but still the weather prediction in advance. The Centre for Space Science science of NWP is constantly evolving Now-a-days 90% of the total and Technology Education in with innovations in computer data used in the operational A s i a a n d t h e P a c i f i c technology, improvement in our NWP models comes from space (CSSTEAP), affiliated to the understanding of physical borne observing systems. United Nations is imparting

Valedictory function at SAC Ahmedabad

P24 training in various disciplines researcher/professionals/aca c o v a r i a n c e , r a i n f a l l at different centres of ISRO. demicians on fundamentals of assimilation, radiance The third Short course on NWP and data assimilation. a s s i m i l a t i o n , A O D Weather Forecasting using assimilation, Dust storm Numerical Weather Prediction Exposure: The participants forecasting, assimilation of Models under the aegis of the were familiarized with the use land surface parameters. of state-of-art numerical model UN affiliated CSSTEAP, is being · Physical processes and We a t h e r Re s e a rc h a n d c o n d u c t e d a t S p a c e parameterization, Applications Centre (Bopal Forecasting (WRF) along with · Numerical methods to solve Campus), Ahmedabad during its assimilation systems. the weather prediction July 01, 2019 to July 12, 2019. Morning session: 2 theory equations, P a r t i c i p a n t s : To t a l 2 6 lectures of 1hr 30 min each, · Multi-model super ensembles participants forecast techniques, Topic covered: Twenty-six participants from Afternoon session: practical of · History of NWP, NWP model nine countries in Asia-Pacific 3hrs-30 min. Topic covered type, resolution and region have undergone this · Grid Analysis Display boundary conditions, course. They are mostly System (GrADS), operational forecasters, · Space based observations · Setting up and running WRF meteorologists, and researchers for weather and climate model, in their own country. Bangladesh (optical and microwave) · 3, India -12 (IAF-4 /Navy-2/ · Data Assimilation : Basic Setting up assimilation NRSC-3/ CUSAT-1/ IITBHU-1/ c o n c e p t s , O p t i m u m system, National Solar Institute-1), interpolation, variational · Assimilation of conventional Kazakhstan- 4, Kyrgyzstan -1, method, ensemble and data in WRF assimilation Maldives -1, Mongolia -2, hybrid data assimilation, system, Myanmar -1, Thailand -1, Nepal -1. forecasting processes, · Radiance data assimilation forecast verification, fo r t r o p i c a l c y c l o n e Objectives: The overall o b s e r v a t i o n p r e - forecasting, objectives of this training processing, modeling of · Assimilation of land surface c o u r s e i s t o g e n e r a t e o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d data in WRF model. awareness among users/ b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s

P25 8th SMALL SATELLITE MISSION (SSM)

SHORT COURSES

Small Satellite Mission, a two week short term course for participants from Asia Pacific Countries was conducted jointly by UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) Bangalore and Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) Dehradun at IIRS. This year the course commenced on 25th November 2019 at CSSTEAP, IIRS Dehradun and 26 participants from 7 countries of Asia pacific region attended the course. The Course was inaugurated on 25th November. The presentations Valedictory Function of 8th SSM course at IIRS, Dehradun were made by scientists and engineers in a structured time were delivered. For the demo Coordinator, CSSTEAP, all the table on following broad topics: sessions, with explanation participants, faculties along with (discussions) and relevant video the Course Director and Course Benefits of Space Technology  clippings were screened. These coordinator. The Certificates were  India's Space Capabilities lectures were supported by demos given away by the Director IIRS.  Technology involved in small and videos. A Quiz program on Course material was given to the satellites Space systems and space events participants by Dean Academics, was conducted for the more Programme Coordinator, CSSTEAP Various sub-systems of the  involvement of participants which and Course Director. With this the small satellites has given very good response. short course on Small Satellite  Orbit Dynamics and Determination Assignments related to orbits and Mission came to end successfully. of small satellites various sub-systems were given to  Applications of small satellites participants and it was well responded. At the end of the first Management of small satellites  weekend an educational tour was planned to Mussorie. The Apart from the related topics, Valedictory function was presided launch oppor tunities and by Director IIRS, Dr. Prakash technical part on procurement of Dr. Ashutosh Srivastava Dr. P. Murugan Chauhan, Dean Academics, Dr. satellite subsystems or system Course Coordinator Course Director S.K. Srivastav, Programme [email protected] [email protected]

P26 WEBINAR: APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS

SHORT COURSES

CSSTEAP supported by IIRS themes like Space Applications in were tailored to suit the needs of organized for the first time a D R R a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l a c a d e m i c i a n s , s c i e n t i s t s , webinar on “Application of Remote c o o p e r a t i o n , G e o - s p a t i a l researchers and professionals, Sensing in Hydro meteorological a p p l i c a t i o n s i n H y d r o - including CSSTEAP alumni, and Geological disasters” during meteorological Disaster and interested in application of remote 17th - 20th September 2019 for G e o l o g i c a l D i s a s t e r a n d sensing in hydro-meteorological in tern ational p ar ticip an ts Demonstration on Rapid damage and geological disasters. The (http://www.un-spider.org/news- assessment during disasters. The webinar was attended by 148 and-events/events/webinar- webinar was offered live at 0600 participants from 12 countries. application-remote-sensing-hydro- UTC and recording was played at The participants were also meteorological-and-geological). 1300 UTC to benefit participants awarded certificates for attending The webinar covered lectures on as per their time zones. Lectures the webinar.

P27

Project Abstracts of 23rd RS & GIS Course

1 Semi-automatic Landslide Feature Extraction in Siwalik Hills of Nepal from Sentinel-2 image

2 Assessing Biodiversity Patterns from very High Resolution Satellite Data

3 Remote sensing and Hydromet Data based Glacier Dynamics of Fedchenko Glacier

4 Investigation of Tropical Cyclogenesis using NWP Model Analysis and Forecasts over the Bay of Bengal

5 Soil Erosion Risk Assessment using RS and GIS

6 Forest Fire Vulnerability Modelling

Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System with Geophysical Techniques for 7 Groundwater Exploration-A Case Study of PYSD, Kimari and GNFC Area, Mussoorie, Dehradun

8 Monitoring Urban Change using LiDAR Data

Analyzing Urban Growth Pattern of Chiang Mai City, Thailand using Remote Sensing and Geographic 9 Information System

10 Rice Crop Inventory Using Temporal Sentinel SAR Data

11 Snowmelt Runoff Modeling in TUUL River Basin, Mongolia

12 Remote Sensing based Resrvoir Sedimentation-A Case Study of Bargi Reservoir

13 Hydrological Simulation for Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment

14 Characterization of Crater Morphology and Mineralogy of Chandrayaan 2 Landing Site and its Terrestrial Analogue

15 Soil Characterization and Capability Assessment for Land Use Planning using RS and GIS

16 Mapping Of Biomass Using Very High Resolution Data

17 Flood Hazard Mapping in Parbati Valley

18 Soil Salinity and Water Logging Assessment using Remote Sensing and Geographic Informationn System (GIS)

19 Sar Data Processing for Oil Spill Detection

20 Time Series Interferometry Analysis for Deformation Monitoring using Scatterer based Technique

21 Urban Flood Hazard Assessment in Parts of Ambala City using Geospatial Technology

22 Water Balance Estimation in Chirchik River Basin

23 Detection and Mapping of Sea-grass Meadows Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data at Ritchie's archipelago, South Andaman

24 Utilizing geo-social media as a proxy for improved flood monitoring: A case study on Chennai floods, 2015

P29 Semi-automatic Landslide Feature Extraction in Siwalik Hills of Nepal from Sentinel-2 image

Landslides in mountainous area parameters. Threshold value of are concern for many people as 0.3 of NDVI was used to select there occurs loss of lives and potential image objects that may livelihoods along with frequent be part of landslides but this hazard incidents. Locating selection also includes false landslides and determining its positives which were removed extent is vital to carry out for successively. Water bodies were estimating loss and damage and removed taking NDVI (<0.1), mean Fig. 1: Plot of objective function versus scale o (curved line) with plateau function carry out mitigation works. This slope (<15 ) and mean NIR (straight line) research aims to find out locations (>1000). River sand was and area of landslides in separated using NDVI (<0.2), Bheriganga and Lekhgau micro- mean slope (<15) and mean red watersheds in Surkhet District of (>1000). Geometrical properties Nepal, which lie in Siwaliks of image objects, length/width physiographic zone, using openly ratio, asymmetry and width, were accessible remote sensing considered for removal of roads. datasets (Landsat-8 and Sentinel- Similarly, vegetated shadow areas 2) and ALOS-PALSAR DEM. The were removed using criteria of method used in this process is mean brightness, hillshade and Object Based Image Analysis flow direction. Agriculture and (OBIA) where pixels in an image grasslands were removed using are grouped into objects by NDVI (>0.095), mean slope (<17) segmentation process and the and mean red (1500-2500). landslides features are extracted Image objects whose slope from those objects using rulesets. measured 30o-45o and >45o were

Multiresolution segmentation rocky areas and steep escarpment Fig. 2: Landslide inventory from OBIA and algorithm in eCognition software respectively. Remaining objects of reference landslide database was applied to segment the image 2 potential landslides were taken as m . 164 landslides out of 301 were which is dependent upon the scale true landslides. There were matching correctly with the (20 determined by plateau altogether 301 landslides reference landslide database (478 objective function), shape (0.3) detected in the study area with landslides). a n d c o m p a c t n e s s ( 0 . 5 ) size ranging from 750 m2 to 87750

Assessing Biodiversity Patterns from very High Resolution Satellite Data

Forests are the most diverse and tree species richness, can be The objective of the study is to terrestrial ecosystems and their applied in assessing biodiversity of assess characterise biodiversity biological diversity includes trees, a forest ecosystem. Remote patterns of a very heterogenous but also other plants, animals, and sensing offers complimentary tool and species rich forest ecosystem micro-organisms. Several forest for traditional field measurements with very high resolution image attrib utes, in cl udin g siz e in mapping and monitoring forest from Cartosat -2S. We applied variability, amount of dead wood, biodiversity. crown project area (CPA) approach

P30 in estimating biodiversity accuracy. A non-linear regression satellite with very high-resolution indicators. The relationship model was adopted to derive the images (0.6 m resolution) of the between CPA and biodiversity relationship between CPA and canopy properties. The correlation index was established and biodiversity index. This study coefficient of model obtained for validated using 29 trees showed that very high resolution CPA- with Species richness and recognized in the field. CPA was image of crown project area (CPA) Shannon diversity was 0.769 and obtained using object-based can be used to assess biodiversity 0.767. Generally, species richness image analysis and was compared of the study area. This approach is and Shannon diversity was the with the manually delineated made possible because we best response measure to assess reference polygon to assess the employed cutting-edge image biodiversity from image analysis.

Remote sensing and Hydromet Data based Glacier Dynamics of Fedchenko Glacier

The mass balance of a glacier is a concept which is critical to all theories of glacier flow and behavior. In the year of 1910- 1913, Fedchenko glacier has been separated into many parts and advanced outwards by 800-1000 m. In 1914, the glacier having 50 m thickness had blocked the valley of the river Balyandkiyk and rested against its right rocky slope. As a result, the river started flowing with high velocity under the ice. Once the glacier started melting, rivers overflowed and flooded the understand the velocity of the effect. In this study, Landsat 4, 5, 7 surrounding areas causes glacier in respect to its mass and 8 images, Sentinel 1, hydromet damage to the human life and balance to safe guard the property data from 2000 to 2016 have been properties. It is imperative to and loss of life from its devastating used for the analysis of Glacier

P31 Fe d c h e n ko , h av i n g a n a r e a approximate to 952 km2. Surface velocities were calculated using sub- pixel correlation of the acquired images, using the freely available software Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI- Corr), which is downloadable from http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/. In this algorithm, two images are iteratively cross-correlated in the phase plane on sliding windows, to find the best possible correlation. A detailed description of the algorithm is given by Leprince et al. (2007). A f t e r p e r f o r m i n g s u b - p i x e l correlation, taking a sliding window of 64x32 pixels and a step size of two pixels we obtained three output images: a north/south displacement image, an east/west displacement image and a signal to-noise ratio (SNR) image that describes the quality of correlation. All pixels that have SNR < 0.9 and displacements >85m are discarded. According to Hydromet, here we see that in the winter season, the average and m a x i m u m t e m p e r a t u r e h a s increased during the study period, and in the same period the amount of precipitation has decreased along with the reduction in glacier as well.

Investigation of Tropical Cyclogenesis using NWP Model Analysis and Forecasts over the Bay of Bengal

A tropical cyclone (TC) is a warm- socioeconomic conditions. So, Global Forecast System (GFS) high core intense low-pressure system accurate predictions of genesis, resolution (0.250×0.250) data is around which air circulates in anti- intensity, track and landfall can used to detect the genesis of clockwise direction in the northern reduce the loss of lives and tropical cyclone before classified hemisphere and in clock-wise property. as a tropical cyclone (intensity ≥ direction in the southern 34 kt.) by the India Meteorological In the present study, Genesis hemisphere. TCs are one of the Department (IMD). In order to Potential Parameter (GPP) has most devastating hazardous identify the genesis, a threshold been used to predict the tropical weather events in the world. value of the above discussed cyclogenesis using the Numerical Formation of TCs over Bay of parameter is determined by Weather Prediction (NWP) model Bengal (BoB) is significant due to maximizing the probability of analysis as well as forecasts (up to long and low line coast and highly detection (POD) and minimizing 96-hour). The National Centers for dense populated area with poor the false alarm ratio (FAR). The Environmental Prediction (NCEP)

P32 threshold value has been 2018. The threshold value 60 is the scatterometer SCATSAT-1 wind computed using the data during found as an optimum threshold to fields also. The result analysis the period 2015-17 and it applied predict the cyclogenesis using GFS s h o w s t h a t t h e t r o p i c a l to predict the tropical cyclogenesis forecasts fields. To ensure that the cyclogenesis can be predicted of 4 tropical cyclones which model wind fields are realistic, the prior 24 to 60-hour of tropical formed over the BoB in the year GFS wind fields is compared with cyclone formation.

Fig. 1: Maximum GPP at 48-hour forecast on 09 NOV Fig. 2: The 850 hPa wind fields at 00 UTC of Fig. 3: The SCATSAT-1 surface wind fields at 2018 for Cyclone GAJA. 09 NOV 2018 for Cyclone GAJA. 02:05 UTC of 09 NOV 2018 for Cyclone GAJA. Source: https://mosdac.gov.in/ scorpio

Soil Erosion Risk Assessment using RS and GIS

S o i l e r o s i o n i s a g l o b a l P ) i n r a s t e r b a s e d G I S environmental crisis in the world environment. RUSLE model today that threatens natural factors maps were generated environment and agriculture. The using remote sensing satellite soil erosion risk assessment can data (IRS LISS IV and LANDSAT-8) be helpful for land evaluation in and Digital Elevation Model. Visual regions where soil erosion is the land use land cover analysis main threat for sustainable revealed that Agriculture (59%) agriculture. Spatial distribution of was the dominant land use system soil erosion risk in the watershed followed by Scrub land (18%) in the was estimated by integrating study area. Nearly 70% of the various RUSLE factors (R, K, LS, C, watershed is having steep to

P33 moderately steep slope (>40%). moderate, 30% in moderate high, predicted soil erosion rates were Soil erosion risk analysis showed 24% in high and 1% area in very found to vary from 3.01 t/ha/yr in that 15% of the total study area high erosion risk class. The dense mixed forest cover to 38.69 belonged to very low soil erosion average annual erosion rate was t/ha/yr in open scrub land. risk class, 9% in low, 21% in predicted to be 26.13 t/ha/yr. The

Forest Fire Vulnerability Modelling

Forest fire is regarded as one of forest fire and develop a forest fire the major disaster in many vulnerability map by using RS & countries worldwide. It affect GIS technique. forest ecosystem by damaging the biodiversity, environment and A forest fire vulnerability map was wildlife. Forest fire, either natural generated considering the land or human induced, damage the cover type, terrain geomorphology f r a g i l e e c o l o g i c a l a n d (aspect, slope and elevation), environmental stability of a region. anthropogenic factors, thermal It is difficult to predict forest fire, regime and moisture regime. especially when forest fire is Different thermal (LST) and human induced, thus identifying moisture indices such as NDWI, the forest fire vulnerable area can NDMI and NBRI derived from help in effective planning of various sensor such as Landsat-8 precautionary measure. Remote OLI, Sentinel-2, MODIS and VIIRS sensing due to its synoptic and were also tested during the study. high temporal coverage, RS & GIS Prepared forest fire vulnerability technique has become an map were classified into five effective tool for mapping forest vulnerable zones viz. very low, low, fire vulnerable areas. Human- moderate, high, and very high. The made forest fires in the Himalayan result of the study showed 35% of state of Uttarakhand have been a the Dehradun district under high regular and historic feature. and highly vulnerable area. The Therefore, Dehradun district of r e s u l t o f t h i s s t u d y wa s Uttarakhand has been taken up for corroborated with the fire this study. This project probes to incidence data from MODIS and characterize the thermal, moisture VIIRS and showed appreciable and fuel type regime influencing reliability. Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System with Geophysical Techniques for Groundwater Exploration-A Case Study of PYSD, Kimari and GNFC Area, Mussoorie, Dehradun

Remote Sensing and Geographic inferring, observing, accessing theme namely; geomorphology, Information System plays an and safeguarding groundwater geology, slope gradient, drainage important role in hydrogeological resources. The existence of density, lineament, land use science, which provide aid in groundwater depends on various landcover, vegetation index and

P34 topography. The selected themes fall under very low category, 36% dipole-dipole and pole-dipole and were assigned weightage and rank under low category, 55% under 1D VES with Schlumberger b a s e d o n t h e i r e f fe c t i ve moderate zone, 7.6% under e l e c t r o d e s c o n f i g u r a t i o n contribution toward occurrences moderately high zone and 0.04% technique were deployed. The of groundwater. The potential area under high prospect zone of survey is conducted in moderately for prospecting groundwater was groundwater. high potential area based on generated using Weighted Index topography and geological setting Overlay (WIO) algorithm. In general, PYSD, Kimari and GNFC of the study area to ascertain the area falls under low to moderately existence of groundwater as The potential area in the region is high zone of groundwater with suggested using remote sensing further categorized into five GWPI of 4 to 6. To ascertain and to and GIS techniques. PYSD, Kimari distinct zone; very low, low, validate remote sensing and GIS, area occurs aquifers in shallow moderate, moderately high and the follow up geophysical depth and GNFC area under high potential zone. Out of 19.7 investigation using 2D ERT deeper depth of groundwater sq.km of total basin area, 1.65% geoelectrical technique with under same potential zone.

Model Resistivity with Topography Iteration 21 Abs. error= 4.1 & 1.8

(a) Pole-Dipole Electrode Configuration

(B) (C) (A) (b) Dipole-Dipole Electrode Configuration

Fig. (1a): Hill shade (1b): PYSD potential area & (1c): 2D ERT section

Monitoring Urban Change using LiDAR Data

Building Density Information and environmental studies. The In this method, the data are first Building change detection is current project proposes an preprocessed to identify and fundamentally important for urban automatic LiDAR reclassification remove the noise points from two- d e s i g n , i l l e g a l b u i l d i n g method from Light Detection And year point cloud data (2011 and identification, urban growth Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data 2013). Automatic Non-Ground m on itorin g , p l a n n in g a n d within the spatial limits of Willard Point reclassification technique m a n a g e m e n t f o r u r b a n City, Box Elder County, Utah in USA. were used thereaf ter for

P35 identifying building parameter The classification result was of demolishing, thus increasing the such as height, size, area and assessed in term of accuracy by BCR and FAR from 2011 to 2013. elevation. The manual classification using confusion matrix in ArcGIS The change detection has been was further used for identification platform and obtained 99.5% carried out in term of number of of right objects (building) to right accuracy with kappa coefficient of new buildings in the year 2013 with class (building class). Here the 0.92 and above. The BCR in year 2011 buildings as a stable building m o s t c o m m o n i n d i c e s o r 2011 is 0.034 and 0.036 in year and 27 new buildings are observed parameter for building density 2013. The FAR in the year 2011 is to be constructed in 2013 determination namely Building 0.00012 and 0.00037 in year 2013 additional to the base year 2011 Coverage Ratio (BCR) and Floor respectively. The rate of construction and 8 number of buildings were Area Ratio (FAR) was used. of new buildings is higher than rate demolished in the year 2013. Analyzing Urban Growth Pattern of Chiang Mai City, Thailand using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

Urbanization is the gradual shift in a r e a . T h e m o s t a d v a n c e relative population from rural to techniques of classification were urban areas. Urban growth reflects adopted in the current study using a general increase in either land eCognition software, i.e. OBIA. The area or the population size of an classification result was further urban area. Urban growth can be assessed with 90 % accuracy with achieved through small scale the kappa coefficient of 0.88. development in a city or the To analyzed the maximum urban expansion of a city through urban growth, the Center Business sprawl. The main sources of urban District (CBD) and road were growth are due to rural urban considered. Shannon's and migration and due to natural Relative Entropy algorithm were increases in population which are used to determine how densely the already residing in the urban area. urban is within the buffer zone of certain distance from either Therefore, remote sensing and GIS Center Business District (CBD) and help in delineating the urban road. The current study used how growth providing large extent densely the built-up are occur coverage which is impossible in nearby CBD and road periphery. conventional method like The graphical representation surveying, etc. Landsat 8 OLI and shows both the Shannon and Landsat 5 TM were used to relative entropy are nearly to 0 in mapped and to determine the zone I (1km buffer) and increasing urban growth pattern in the study further which shows that the

P36 buildup are mostly occurs within (Chiangmai), is a largest province culture and tourist attraction. The Zone I followed by Zone II (2km in Thailand having total area of rate of urbanization is increased buffer) and etc. study area 5297.11 sq.km. The from 2.73% to 5.19% from 1998 to main cause of urbanization is due 2018 and non-urban decrease T h e c u r r e n t s t u d y a r e a to abundant natural resources, from 97.27% to 94.81% respectively.

Rice Crop Inventory Using Temporal Sentinel SAR Data

Identification of crop types is the the monsoon time of Bangladesh extracting the temporal signature first step of satellite remote and covered by cloud. Microwave of rice types and classification of sensing based crop mapping, r e m o t e s e n s i n g h a s t h e various rice types based on unique monitoring and yield forecasting. advantages to penetrate clouds temporal signature in Jashore Bangladesh is an agro-based and to some extent rain. Multi- district of Bangladesh. Six dates country and rice is the main temporal SAR data can be used to and twelve dates interval Sentinel- agricultural product. There are retrieve the rice growing cycle 1A data were downloaded from the three rice seasons in Bangladesh, based on the temporal variations European Space Agency (ESA) for viz Aus, Aman and Boro. Aman rice in the SAR backscatter (σ◦(dB)) Kharif seasons from 17 July 2018 is Kharif season crop, that time is signal. Prime focus of the study are to 15 September 2018.

The pre-processing of Sentinel-1A data includes five main steps: Orbit file correction, speckle noise filtering, radiometric calibration, terrain correction and data conversion from sigma nought (σ°) values to dB values. These scenes were then stacked into a multi- temporal composite scene. Then temporal signature of various types of rice and others were extracted. SAR 3 dates composite image and temporal signatures of rice by VH polarization are shown in the figure. Then with the temporal signature, classified map ware prepared. Three types of rice were found, these are early transplanted rice i.e. transplanted mid July to end July, late transplanted rice i.e. transplanted early August and very late transplanted rice i.e. transplanted late August to early September, among them early transplanted rice covers the large area and very late transplanted rice covers very few areas. Classification map of rice area are shown in the figure.

P37 Snowmelt Runoff Modeling in TUUL River Basin, Mongolia

The TUUL River originates in the hydrological simulation of Tuul snowmelt is a major runoff Khan-Khentein-mountain Nature River with emphasis on snowmelt contributor. The period 20112016 Reserve, in the Erdene sum of Töv was carried out using the Variable was used for calibration and province, pass through central and Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. validation of VIC. After calibration northern Mongolia. It is 898 km The model has been setup with the value of R 2 between long and the watershed area is data SRTM DEM, FAO soil texture, s i m u l a t e d a n d o b s e r v e d 57,764 sq. km. The basin annual MODIS LULC, MODIS snow cover discharge was 0.75 for Tuul- average precipitation amounts to a r e a , g r o u n d o b s e r v e d Ulaanbaatar and 0.71 for Tuul- 246.7 mm (in the vicinity of hydrological data of 02 and Altanbulag station. Average Ulaanbaatar city). It is estimated meteorological data of 10 measured runoff is 16.5 (m3/s), that 48.4% of annual average stations. The general elevation of average computed runoff is 13.9 p r e c i p i t a t i o n b e c o m e s the land surface of the study area (m3/s); and maximum measured evapotranspiration and 51.6% ranges from 776 m to 2793 m runoff is 206.0 (m3/s), maximum becomes surface water and above mean sea level. The computed runoff is 237.5 (m3/s) groundwater recharge. The lowest snowmelt runoff during time in Tuul-Ulaanbaatar station. temperature of -48.0 °C is between April and June. Between Average measured runoff is 12.7 recorded in the month of January. 2004 and 2016, the range of long (m3/s), average computed runoff The highest temperature of 43 °C term snow cover ranges between 5 is 19.2 (m3/s); and maximum is recorded in the month of August. and 95% between October and measured runoff is 124.2 (m3/s), T h e a n n u a l m e a n d a i l y April. The model simulates daily maximum computed runoff is temperature lies between -48°C stream flow in mountainous and 290.3 (m3/s) in Tuul-Altanbulag to 43°C. In the present study, the other types of basins where station.

Fig. 1: Dem, Soil, Slope, Annual Precipitation, LULC and Long Term Snow Fig. 2: Measurement and computed discharge in TUUL River basin (2011- Cover Maps 2016)

P38 Remote Sensing based Resrvoir Sedimentation- A Case Study of Bargi Reservoir

A reservoir is an important part of a By use of remote sensing techniques 24.12 and 26.11 Mm3/year by the end water resources system. Temporal in conjunction with a geographic of 2005 and 2017, respectively. It was analysis of the sediment deposition information system, the spatial and observed that rate of sedimentation is pattern and evaluation of available non-spatial attributes can be increasing between the years of storage capacity of reservoirs is an integrated to evaluate the water analysis. On the other hand, the integral aspect of water resources spread and sediment deposition hydrological model can be used to m a n a g e m e n t . T h e c o m m o n pattern in a reservoir. simulate the sediment inflow in the techniques of quantification of reservoir. The SWAT hydrological sediment deposition in a reservoir, Temporal analysis of data can be used model has been realized for such as hydrographic surveys and the for assessment of reser voir catchment upstream Bargi Dam. The inflow-outflow methods, are time and sedimentation rates along with Area- model inputs have been derived from cost consuming. Further, modelling of Elevation-Capacity Curve using simple various sources such as LULC, Soil sediment deposition profiles using trapezoidal formula. For the and DEM. The meteorological data to empirical and numerical methods assessment of Bargi reservoir force the model has been taken from requires a large amount of input data. sedimentation in present study multi- India Meteorological Department for Due to sedimentation, the water- date Landsat satellite data is used for the period of 1951-2017. It was spread area of a reservoir at various two periods i.e. 2005-2006 and observed that the sediment inflow to elevations keeps on decreasing. 2016-2018. It was found that the the reservoir by the end of 2005 was reservoir has lost its capacity by 410 3 3 Remote sensing, through its synoptic 554.4 Mm and 788.5 Mm by the end 3 attributes, provides a bird's view Mm by the end of water year 2005 of 2017. The analysis showed that the 3 spatial and repetitive information on and 783.4 Mm by 2017. The rate of trapping efficiency of the reservoir is the water-spread area of a reservoir. sedimentation was estimated as very high.

Fig. A: Water Spread Area Map from 2016 to 2018 Fig. B: Narmada River Basin Fig. D: Hydrological Model

Hydrological Simulation for Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment

Reservoirs are vital elements of important aspects of water and time-consuming. Further, the hydrological cycles, utilized for resources management. The modelling of sediment transport in water supply, irrigation and flood conventional techniques of reservoirs using empirical and control. Periodic evaluation of the r e s e r v o i r s e d i m e n t a t i o n numerical methods requires a sediment deposition in reservoirs assessment, such as inflow- large amount of input data. and the assessment of available o u t f l o w m e t h o d s a n d Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) storage capacity of reservoirs are hydrographic surveys are costly provides synoptic, timely and

P39 repetitive information on water- Reservoir at different elevations model with input data including spread area of a reservoir at for the periods of 2005-2006 and DEM, meteorological data, land different elevations. By applying 2017-2018 was extracted from use-land cover and soil map used RS in combination with GIS, the multi-date Landsat data. The to estimate sediment transport to temporal change in water-spread revised capacity of Tawa Reservoir Tawa Reservoir from 1978 to 2017. area can be analyzed to evaluate b e t w e e n t w o s u c c e s s i v e However, sedimentation rate of the sediment deposition in a elevations was computed using Tawa Reservoir using RS approach reservoir. In this study, a RS the Trapezoidal formula using are quite different with the result approach and distributed calculated water-spread area and of estimation from SWAT model. hydrological model (SWAT) have the availability of observed The results gave the idea of using been used for asssessing reservoir water level data. The RS technique and hydrological sedimentation in Tawa Reservoir, Elevation-Capacity curves and model for reservoir sedimentation Madhya Pradesh State, Central tables are derived for estimating assessment but needs further India. Water-spread area of Tawa reservoir sedimentation. SWAT study to validate.

Fig: Water spread area for Tawa reservoir for 2005-2006 (left), Elevation-Capacity Curves (middle), Tawa catchment delineation from SWAT model (right)

Characterization of Crater Morphology and Mineralogy of Chandrayaan 2 Landing Site and its Terrestrial Analogue

The advancement in planetary composition on the surface of the volcanic plug/dome located near remote sensing has opened new moon. In this research we have Nani Aral village, in Kutch District, areas for lunar exploration. The evaluated the utility of imaging Gujarat. Moon Mineralogical imaging spectroscopy technique spectrometry to study the spatial Mapper (M3) sensor onboard offers an opportunity to map and distribution of minerals around Chandrayaan 1 satellite with 85 discriminate different minerals on Moretus, Boguslawsky, and b a n d s a n d 14 0 m s p a t i a l the lunar surface which further Manzinus craters located near the resolution was used for lunar helps to understand the origin, South Pole region of the moon and craters whereas Landsat 8 and evolution process, and the crustal terrestrial analogue viz. Dhinodhar ALOS PALSAR DEM were used to

Fig. (a): Olivine/Pyroxene, Fig. (b): Secondary Crater detection Fig. (c): Morphological Outline Fig. (d): Field Spectra of Distribution, Moretus crater inside Boguslawsky floor of an impact crater basalts, dinodhar Plug area

P40 map structure and geology of away from the center indicating analysis of the collected rock and Dhinodhar plug. data was used to low concentration of fresh ejecta soil samples depict 2.2 Al-O/OH or analyze the surface mineral and materials along with matured Mg-O/OH feature and possible geochemical composition based soil/debris. In areas away from the pyroxene absorption feature near upon the diagnostic absorption crater center, and materials are 1 micrometer implying basaltic bands of ferrous elements in interpreted as highly optically materials and their weathering crater materials. The crater matured anorthositic debris derivative. These ground-based centers were found to be richly dominated by plagioclase spectra were correlated with the concentrated by low Ca pyroxene feldspar. Based on the application spectra of the Moretus central minerals, concentration of which of Hough transformation (Paul peak, formed as a result of decreased away from the center. Hough,1962), we were able to cratering. The extraction of Therefore, it is a manifestation of detect secondary craters within surface mineral information from high concentration of FeO near the t h e p r i m a r y c r a te r s . T h e earth analogues using imaging, crater center due to the morphometry, age, size and spectroscopy is more difficult than characteristic ferrous absorption dimensions of the craters were of lunar craters due to influence of indicating less matured optical calculated subequently. Field atmosphere vegetation cover materials at the center with survey was carried out to degree of weathering and human gradual decrease of the same, dhinodhar plug in Kutch. Spectral activities.

Soil Characterization and Capability Assessment for Land Use Planning using RS and GIS

Land evaluation is aimed at assessment of land performance and its production potential for a specific purpose and land suitability is the systematic grouping of different kinds of land to sustain their productivity. To reduce the human influence on natural resources and to identify an appropriate land use, it is essential to carry out scientific land evaluations. Such kind of analysis allows identifying the main limiting factors for the agricultural production and nominated land uses. The present Different land quality parameters, enables decision makers to study assessed land Suitability for viz. soil texture, depth, erosion, develop crop managements able maize, wheat, and paddy crops slope, flooding and coarse to increase the land productivity. using FAO frame-work of land fragments under various land Objectives of this study was to evaluation in Maniyaar Watershed units were evaluated for the crops. develop a RS and GIS based of Tehri Garwal District, Visually Land Use Land Cover approach for land use suitability Uttrakhand, India. IRS LISS IV and analysis revels that 58% area is assessment which will assist land two season Landsat 8 OLI data under Agriculture, 15% under managers and land use planners were used to prepare land forest and scrub 21 %, settlement to identify areas with physical use/land cover and Physiographic 3% and Stream 3%. The parameter constraints for a range of soil map of the watershed. wise suitability was assigned to

P41 physiographic unit slight suitable not suitable (N2) and accordingly i.e., C-III (19%), C-IV (56%), C-VI (16%), (S1), moderate suitable (S2), the map was generated and also and C-VII (9%) based on criteria for marginal suitable (S3), currently the physiographic units of watershed land capability classification for not suitable (N1), and permanently were assigned to different classes (C) land use planning in hilly area.

Mapping Of Biomass Using Very High Resolution Data

Forest biomass is one of the key aboveground biomass was measurement for accounting calculated using the volumetric carbon budget, monitoring carbon equation for sal and teak, which flux, and to study the climate was then converted to Biomass. change. The aboveground The non-linear CPA- biomass biomass (AGB) is the bio-physical model was developed for biomass parameter which is used to mapping by correlation analysis Fig. : ESP Estimation quantify the carbon content. between CPA and biomass. Forest agencies also requires AGB According to ESP tool, scale information time to time for Parameter-18 was used for continuous monitoring of forest multiresolution segmentation. The and future planning purpose. overall accuracy of segmentation

Remote sensing is proved to be a was achieved as 74.6%. Object- Fig. : Segmentation Accuracy more proficient tool in AGB based classification was done on assessment. Hence, it is essential t h e s e g m e n te d i m a g e by different classes was 86.12%, to develop a credible approach to developing the ruleset based on which was found significant. The estimate forest biomass and NDVI, EVI, Red, and brightness lowest biomass value ranged from carbon stocks. This study applied values. Classification accuracy for 0.61- 3.81 ton per tree. Cartosat-2S satellite imagery combined with field-measured biomass using non-linear regression equation to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) in Barkot reser ve forest, Uttrakhand, India. The various parameters like Diameter at Breast Height (dbh), Tree height and Crown Projection Area (CPA) were taken from the field. The accurate CPA was extracted by multiresolution segmentation. The Fig. : Classified Map Fig. : Biomass Map

P42 Flood Hazard Mapping in Parbati Valley

Flood is a natural disaster and causes loss of life and property destruction. The objective of this study was to analyze flood inundation area mapping at Parbati River in Himachal Pradesh area. The flooded areas along the main Parbati catchment area have been mapped based on the flow rates for different return periods using the HEC-RAS model, GIS for spatial data processing and HEC- GeoRAS for interfacing between HECRAS and GIS. The areas along the main Parbati in the study area either in quantitative or qualitative Kasol got indudated for all the were simulated to be inundated for ways. The flood inundation maps extreme flood event scenarios. 30, 50 and 100 years return for 30, 50 and 100 years return T h e r e f o r e , p r o p e r f l o o d periods. An inundation map periods were prepared using management can be adopted to displays the spatial extent of ArcGIS. The major findings in the reduce the adverse effects of probable flooding for different study revealed that low lying areas flooding particularly in the low- scenarios and can be present near Mankikarna, Bhuntar and lying flood prone areas.

Soil Salinity and Water Logging Assessment using Remote Sensing and Geographic Informationn System (GIS)

Soil salinization is far from being a uniform process. Salinity can develop both naturally and from human interventions in the water c y c l e t h r o u g h i r r i g a t i o n . Salinization means the excess amount of salt present in the soil. Salt only moves through the movement of soil moisture. Thus the time-depth behavior of salt is highly dynamic. Large number of measurements over a time period is necessary to diagnose salinity as it is hazardous to crop production.

Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded Fig. 1: Waterlogged area Fig. 2: Salinity Map 2017-2018

P43 as waterlogged when it is nearly Remote sensing and Geographic for the current study is salinity saturated with water much of the Information System can be used to index (SI) and Normalized time such that its air phase is generate waterlogging and salinity Differences Water Index (NDWI). restricted and anaerobic conditions affected area using different type The salinity and waterlogging of 2 prevail. Waterlogging occurs in all of indices. The current study used successive years from 2017 to or part of the soil profile saturated Landsat 8 OLI multispectral data 2018 were mapped and derived with water. The degree to which a acquired from space for deriving the changes. soil becomes waterlogged soil salinity and waterlogging depends on how much water enters af fected area using band Out of 16845 hectares, 15.4% the soil and how quickly it leaves it, 3(Green), band 4 (Red) and Band were affected due to salinization in either by deep percolation, lateral 5 (NIR), respectively. The most 2017 and 12.4% in 2018. seepage or evapotranspiration. common indices that were used

Sar Data Processing for Oil Spill Detection

Manual mapping of the aerial while the VV mode had shown the and Minimum Cluster Size = 1km2 extent of the oil slick is a difficult capability to detect oil spilled area. were utilized to detect oil spill. The and cumbersome exercise. As an oil spill is physically a low drawback of the first two methods Remote sensing offers an ideal backscatter area and appears as a was indistinguishable from oil spill and efficient way to map the oil dark area in SAR images, allows to and look-alike features. In the last spill and monitor its spread some extent to estimate the size, approach, the oil slick was through multi-temporal datasets. location and dispersal of the oil detected and distinguished from The aim of this study was to detect spill. In the first oil spill detection the look-alike by contextual the oil spill area in the coast of approach, oil slick was assigned by information, such as collision Chennai where two ships MT Dawn pixels which their backscattering location, ships location, wind Kanchipuram and MT BW Maple cofficient value is smaller than - direction, current direction. The collided on 28th January 2017. A 22.0dB. In the second oil spill final result was validated by field dual polarization (VH, VV) Sentinel- detection approach, three data collected near shoreline and 1 SAR satellite data acquired at parameters: Background Window oil streaks which were extracted 6.00 hours on 29th January 2017 Size = 500, Threshold Shift = 3.5dB from Sentinel-2 optical data. was used to map the extent of spill. The radiometric normalization/ calibration, split, debrust, multilooking, filter and ellipsoid correction were implemented on the dual-polarized SAR data. After pre-processing of the data, oil spill area was detected using three approaches: Simple threshold, Oil spill detection tools in SNAP software and Object-based classification by contextual information. The study showed t h a t t h e V H p o l a r i m e t r i c combination has capability to detect bright targets like vessels, Sentinel-1 SAR data (VV polarisation) Oil Spill Map on 29/01/2019

P44 Time Series Interferometry Analysis for Deformation Monitoring using Scatterer based Technique

Surface deformation is very of India i.e. Jharia coal field, common phenomena in and situated in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, around mining areas and space India. The main objective of this based SAR technique is one of the work is to analyse time series promising tool to monitor the land interferometric SAR data to detect deformation. Monitoring of land surface deformation in and subsidence is required to prevent around Jharia coal field. The aim of further damage to the mine this research is to present a Fig. 1: Cumulative displacement map of Jharia surrounding built-up areas and cumulative displacement map Coalfield using ALOS-2 PALSAR data other vulnerable structures and using number of interferometric (Oct.2016 - Mar. 2018). landforms. This will further help for datasets and assess the area. It was also observed from the providing information for improved geohazard activity in the study time series analysis that L band future mine layout designs and for area. The data used in this study outper formed C band for subsidence mitigation. This study are Sentinel 1-A C-band (Aug. monitoring deformation rate in the involves time series SAR data 2017 to Feb. 2018) and ALOS-2 mining areas. processing using C and L band PALSAR L-band (Oct. 2016 to Mar. datasets for monitoring land 2019) to perform interferometric In the study area, land subsidence deformation using advanced data processing and comparative rates in different mining sites was Differential Interferometric Synthetic analysis. A high rate of land obtained from cumulative A p e r t u r e R a d a r ( D I n S A R ) deformation was observed in and displacement map. As per the results algorithm referred as Persistent around mining area and land the rate of subsidence observed in Scatterer (PS) InSAR technique. deformation rate was observed different mining sites varies from a The advantage of using PSInSAR is almost ± 30 mm/year in this study few mm to tens of mm per year. that, it deals with both the decorrelation and atmospheric delay errors of conventional InSAR and provide the deformation history with subcentimeter accuracy. The study was carried out in one of the most popular and largest coal producing mining area Fig. 2: Subsidense rate, deformotion time series plot in localities.

Urban Flood Hazard Assessment in Parts of Ambala City using Geospatial Technology

Urban flooding is one among the extreme or prolonged rainfall event flooding due to increase in intensity prominent hazard being faced by gives rise to urban flooding and as well as the frequency of flood many cities across the world. These water logging in urban areas when events and their effects on human events are rising due to increase in the storm water drainage facilities h e a l t h , l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s , impervious surfaces caused by can no longer sustain the volume of infrastructure damage and the rapid urbanization as well as due to runoff. It is therefore important to economy as a whole. Ambala city, variations in rainfall events. The study various aspects of urban Haryana state, India is drained by

P45 tributaries of Ghaggar river, zones for the Ambala city and potential for the detailed study particularly the Tangri and its surroundings. The Ground Control using Storm Water Management tributaries and it has witnessed Points (GCPs) were collected by Model (SWMM). The high- floods with varying magnitude with carrying out Differential Global resolution DEM and drainage different rainfall events for the past Positioning System survey (DGPS) network map for identified high couple of decades. The present at various locations in the city. The runoff zone within the city was used study is an endeavour to assess the WorldView-3 stereo data was used in the SWMM to setup the model. urban flood hazard in identified to generate DEM (spatial Through SWMM, the peak flow, micro-watersheds in Ambala city. resolution, 0.6 m) and later to intensity and extent of flooding, T h e w a t e r s h e d b o u n d a r y delineate micro-watersheds in the runoff depth is estimated using the encompassing the Ambala city city. The drainage map was DEM, LULC, rainfall data and other along with its river system was procured from Public Health field data. The study is useful in delineated using ALOS PALSAR Engineering Department, Ambala. understanding the use of (spatial resolution, 12.5m) digital This high-resolution DEM is overlaid geospatial technologies in studying elevation model (DEM) with HEC- over runoff map to identify the t h e u r b a n f l o o d h a z a r d GeoHMS plug-in and ArcGIS 10.3 micro-watersheds with high runoff assessment. environment. The land use/ land cover (LULC) map was generated from Sentinel-2A data with s u p e r v i s e d c l a s s i f i c a t i o n technique. Using the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Curve Number technique, the runoff potential map was generated which signifies the areas with high and low runoff potential

Water Balance Estimation in Chirchik River Basin

Accurate and detailed information quantities of parameters. Soil and of water balance, and its dynamic Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) nature is needed to develop model was used to study the water strategies for sustainable use and balance of the Chirchik River management of water resources. Basin, Uzbekistan. In this concern, studying of effect of land-use and climatic condition The Soil and Water Assessment on stream hydrology can be Tool (SWAT) was tested on daily addressed by the application of and monthly basis for estimating spatially distributed hydrologic water balance components as models. One of the models that surface runoff, precipitation, have been regularly used at the evapotranspiration and water watershed scale is Soil and Water available water yield watershed. All Assessment Tool (SWAT). Which the input data for the SWAT model produce hydrographs in addition to was extracted using the standard water yields can be operated at procedures. The Sequential various time steps and changing Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2)

P46 method within SWAT Calibration methods of tests revealed that the The result shows a good agreement and Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT- observed and simulated monthly between the observed and CUP) was used to identify the most surface runoff for the calibration simulated flow. Both NSE and R2 sensitive streamflow parameters. and validation period matched were found to be greater than 0.7 Parameters in the model were quite good. Statistical model for the calibration and validation calibrated and simulated results performance measures, the period. The results show that were validated for two time periods: coefficient of determination (R2) surface runoff and water yield at first 2009-2011 and 2012-2013, and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) the watershed outlet will second 2013-2015 and 2016- were used to evaluate the significantly increase by converting 2017 in term of observed discharge correlation between the observed bare land and grassland to data. Graphical and statistical and simulated monthly streamflow. impervious surfaces.

Detection and Mapping of Sea-grass Meadows Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data at Ritchie's archipelago, South Andaman

S e a g r a s s e s a r e m a r i n e extent of potential seagrass beds used after efficient atmospheric monocotyledonous plants, growing off Ritchie's archipelagos, part of correction to obtain water leaving in shallow coastal environments Andaman group of islands in radiance. Water column correction usually on soft sediments collaboration with Wildlife Institute was applied to enhance the substratum. An essential of India (WII) which are primary reflectance from the shallow ecological niche, supporting very feeding grounds of a threatened benthic environment to help in specific and ecologically important species Dugong dugon. Very High- characterization of seagrasses organisms in the marine food chain Resolution satellite imageries from from various benthic features. and regulating the health of the Sentinel-2A and Cartosat-2E were Supervised classification was ocean as well as the coast, they have been considered under goal no.14 “Life under water” under United Nations Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs). Substratum Mapping of these coastal habitats using remote sensing techniques provides significant support towards the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the benthic community structure resourceful towards their conservation. This study is an attempt to detect and map the

Depth Invariant Index Regression between blue and green band of Cartosat-2E

P47 performed with three different accuracy, successfully detecting plan of Rani Jhansi National Park models i.e. Random Forest, the seagrasses at locations used as which encompasses the Ritchie's Support Vector Machine and K- test sites up to the depth of 20m, Archipelago. Mapping the extent of Nearest Neighbor, with support of which has been validated with seagrasses around these islands field data collected by WII team, as respect to NHO bathymetry charts. using remote sensing is one of the training sets. Random Forest The classified output maps have initial studies carried out over these method of supervised classification been shared with WII which is to be islands which has been useful in showed most reliable results with validated in the upcoming season estimating the extent of the feeding 0.98 (Sentinel-2A) and 0.86 of field survey and to be grounds of D. dugon aiding to the (Cartosat-2E) training data incorporated in the management conservation efforts of this monotypic species.

Utilizing geo-social media as a proxy for improved flood monitoring: A case study on Chennai floods, 2015

Social media plays an important 22,424 tweets were collected for Kancheepuram, Thiruvallur and role in disseminating spontaneous selected dates during the month of contain messages asking for help, information during natural November and December, 2015 relief measures and expressing disasters/ emergencies. It is a using Twitter Python Libraries. gratitude. A point density map is source of Volunteered Geographic generated from the tweets for Information (VGI) that can The collected tweets contains identifying flood hotspots. The complement and supplement messages asking for help, relief entire process has been made Remote Sensing data for mapping measures and expressing automated using python script for during disaster events. Continual gratitude. VADER algorithm which collecting, filtering and generating and proximate monitoring of is a lexicon and rule-based hotspots. The prototype model disasters such as floods from pre- sentiment analysis tool is used for developed and tested for Chennai stage to post stage is essential removing the more positive tweets can be used for any disaster which can be attained by Geo- (positive polarity score > 6.0) events in real time to get social media. Social sites such as which is considered to be noise. information and can be integrated Tw i t t e r h a s A p p l i c a t i o n Among the filtered data the Non- with other geospatial inputs for Programming Interface (API) for georeferenced tweets are quick relief and rescue operations. collecting data from web as JSON geoparsed using TomTom place (JavaScript Object Notation). In the APIs that resulted in 191 final present study, a model is tested on Tweets and are published in an the Tweets of Chennai floods in interactive Web portal developed 2015 using the techniques such using GeoExt open libraries for as Natural Language Processing visualisation and information (NLP), Valence Aware Dictionary dissemination. Tweet map shows for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER), that the majority of the tweets are Naive Bayes classification. Around from the regions of Chennai,

P48 Project Abstracts of SATMET 11

1 Tropical cyclone structure analysis using satellite observations

2 High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Data Assimilation of DWR Observation for extreme weather events.

Demonstrating GNSS-R scalar wind product potential through comprehensive validation with 3 scatterometers and available data

4 Night time fog detection usingMODIS data over Kyrgyzstan

5 Radiative Forcing by different cloud regimes 6 Now casting using satellite data

7 IMSRA Rainfall estimation and validation over Indian region

8 Estimating surface soil moisture/wetness over agriculture landscape in Mongolia

9 Aerosol Simulation over Mongolia using WRF-Chem model: Source Analysis and Impact

10 Study of tilted convective systems using microwave brightness temperature observations

Atmospheric profiles from hyperspectral sounders AIRS / IASI / CrIS and Geostationary INSAT-3D Sounder: 11 Validation and Application over Myanmar

12 Impact of the assimilation of conventional observations on heavy rainfall forecasts over southeast Asian region

13 Validation of Microwave sounder observations over central Asia with Radiosonde data

P49 Tropical Cyclone Structure Analysis using Satellite Observations

The accurate estimation of wind the best track data obtained 2 (two) cases out of 25 cases. structure of tropical cyclones is from India Meteorological However, For SMAP 3 (three) highly important as they are used Department (IMD) and Joint cases out of 15 were over as input in various cyclone Typhoon warning Centre estimated and 2 (two) cases out prediction models. The satellite (JTWC). of 15 were under-estimated. observations play an important role The SMAP was able to capture in the estimation of these The cyclone wind structural the high winds upto 45 m/s parameters. In the present study, parameters from the 40 wind wind products obtained from passes over six NIO (North which can not be estimated by SCATSAT-1 and SMAP (Soil Indian Ocean) cyclones SCATSAT-1 satellite. M o i s t u r e A c t i v e P a s s i v e (Marutha, Mora, Ockhi, Titli, The INSAT-3D TIR-1 data over Radiometer) satellites over the Gaja & Phetai) obtained from the TCs have also been tropical cyclones formed in the SCATSAT-1 and SMAP were analysed. The relationship North Indian Ocean (40°-100°E analysed and compared w.r.t. b e t w e e n b r i g h t n e s s and 0°-30°N) during the period best track data. The maximum temperature (BT) values 2017-2018 have been analysed. wind speed values measured estimated by INSAT-3D TIR-1 The structural parameter of by SCATSAT-1 were found to be channel and wind speed cyclones (center, Rmax, Vmax over-estimated for 10 (ten) measured by SCATSAT-1, SMAP and critical wind radius) were cases and under-estimated for and RAPIDSCAT were analysed. computed and compared with

Fig. 1: Wind passes over tropical cyclone OCKHI obtained from (a) SMAP and (b) SCATSAT-1. (c) Comparison of maximum wind speed estimated by SCATSAT-1 and SMAP w.r.t. IMD and JTWC best track for TC OCKHI.

High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Data Assimilation of DWR Observation for Extreme Weather Event

The Numerical Weather Prediction advent of the NWP models, of normal life and loss of vital (NWP) has been recognised as the reliable and accurate weather national assets due to extreme front-runner in the operational predictions are possible with weather events over Indian weather forecasting. With the high confidence. The disruption region are well known. The

P50 precise initial condition and its error distribution in the NWP m o d e l a r e f e w m a j o r constraints to improve accuracy of the weather predictions. The utilization of high frequency a n d r e s o l u t i o n g r o u n d observations from Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) are still limited to improve the skill of the NWP model. In this project, (WRF) model to improve model observations for extreme high temporal frequency Sulur initial conditions for forecasting weather event. With the D W R o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e heavy rainfall event. The role of a s s i m i l a t i o n o f D W R a s s i m i l a te d u s i n g H i g h o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r a n d observations, the WRF model is Resolution Rapid Refresh background error have been able to predict selected rainfall (HRRR) method in the Weather studied to demonstrate event with less temporal, Research and Forecasting e f f i c i e n t u s e o f D W R spatial and intensity error.

Demonstrating CYGNSS Scalar wind Product Potential through Comprehensive Validation with Scatterometer and in-situ Buoy Data

Ocean winds play a vital role in the changes in the climate. The s u r f a c e s p e e d w i n d Ocean-Atmosphere System. They Cyclone Global Navigation measurements in all precipitating are the largest source of Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a conditions in particular during momentum which transport heat, part of NASA's Earth System tropical cyclones. aerosols and moisture through the Science Pathfinder mission, In the validation process quality- system. This, in-turn, affects the consisting of constellation of eight controlled data of CYGNSS wind constantly changing weather small satellites at LEO with speed (WS) obtained from pattern and the relative slow objective to take frequent ocean different algorithms ie. using

Fig. 1: (a) Density Scatter Plot of CYGNSS and INCOIS buoy collocated at 25 km and 30 min. window size for the year 2017. (b) Monthly error trend analyses of CYGNSS Wind Speed against INCOIS buoy WS for the year 2017.

P51 Minimum Variance estimator addition to this, biases and 2.16 m/s (maximum, June) (fig. (MVE), Normalised Bistatic Radar standard deviations (SDEV.) were 1b). Cross Section and Leading Edge calculated. Fig.1a shows density F o r a s s e s s i n g C Y G N S S Slope Method in different sea scatter plot along with the bias performance during high wind Conditions-fully developed sea (0.389 m/s) and SDEV. (1.847 conditions, comparison is being and young sea (during cyclone), m/s) of CYGNSS MVE WS w.r.t. done of the CYGNSS WS from the were validated with collocated in- buoy WS. Similarly, density scatter above-mentioned dif ferent situ INCOIS buoy and SCATSAT plots of the CYGNSS WS against algorithms against IMD best track winds speeds. The period of study SCATSAT have been analyzed. data of cyclones- Marutha, Ockhi was year 2017. Monthly error trend analyses of and Mora, and analyzed alongside The analyses were done month- CYGNSS MVE WS show SDEV. of independent comparison of wise as well as annually; in 1.38 m/s (minimum, March) and SCATSAT WS during these cyclones.

Night Time Fog Detection using MODIS Data Over Kyrgyzstan

F o g i s a m e t e o r o l o g i c a l monitoring and forecasting. Onset temporally and spatially over large phenomenon which reduces the of fog takes place in winter time area. In the pilot project, MODIS ground level visibility to less than due to decrease in surface AQUA and TERRA night time data 1000 meters. Apart from the temperature, increase in pollution for Thermal InfraRed (TIR) and hazardous effect on aviation as level, low wind condition and Mid-InfraRed (MIR) Channel with well as land/water transportation surface level inversion. Because of spatial resolution of 1km, has system due to low visibility, it is the low density of surface been used for fog detection over having lots of socio-economic obser vations for dif ferent Kyrgyzstan. The bi-spectral impact. In recent past, the meteorological parameters like temperature difference (BTD) crashing of aircraft and vehicular visibility, relative humidity and method has been used to detect accidents in Kyrgyzstan leading to surface wind etc. remote sensing fog and low clouds detection for large number of causalities due to techniques has been used to January 2018 , December 2018 heavy fog has created lot of detect fog and low clouds and and January 2019 and validated impetus for its regular detection, monitoring its evolution both with in-situ visibility data.

Fig. 1: The TIR BT, BTD and fog map over 02 January 2018 at 2055UTC

P52 Radiative Forcing by Different Cloud Regimes

Clouds play a major role in the radiation balance of the Earth Atmosphere system. Cloud physical properties such as cloud cover amount, cloud top height, cloud optical depth, cloud droplet size and cloud phase (liquid/solid) affect the radiation balance of the Eight year (2000-2007) average top of Eight year (2000-2007) average rainfall (mm) ear th-atmosphere system. atmosphere Net Cloud Radiative Forcing (Wm-2) from GPCP during June to August months. from CERES during June to August months Tropical belt is well known for different cloud regimes such as atmospheric data is used to find clouds exert a net warming effects low level marine stratus over Cold out the possible reasons behind to the earth-atmosphere system. Ocean upwelling regions, deep the formation of these unique The shortwave cooling and convective clouds over the Inter clouds over these regions. The longwave warming effects of the Tropical Convergence regions, etc. CERES top of atmosphere tropical deep convective clouds Four typical regions with the shortwave, longwave and net cancels out on average sense. presence of different cloud types cloud radiative forcing data are Clouds over the Indian summer are identified during June to used to study the radiative forcing monsoon regions exerts a net August months over the tropics of the clouds over these unique radiative cooling which is in using 8-year (2000-2007) regions. Results suggests that the contrast to the other deep International Satellite Cloud low level marine stratus clouds convective clouds of the tropical Climatology (ISCCP) monthly cloud exert a net radiative cooling where belt. data. The NCEP reanalysis as high level optically thin cirrus

Nowcasting Heavy Rainfall events using satellite data

In recent years, flash flood events resolution. Satellite-based premise that the updrafts have become one of the biggest analysis shows that in comparison characterizing orographic lifting issues in the world. Nowcasting, to cloud top temperature, cloud bear a strong relationship to the which refers to forecasting for a top cooling rate (CTCR) is a better spatial distribution of CTCR pixels. very short time range (up to 6 indicator for extreme rain In the present study NETRA has hours) is useful for predicting the producing events over this region. been applied for predicting heavy development and dissipation of CTCR can be very useful for rainfall events over Mongolian flash floods and heavy rainfall identifying vigorous cloud growth if region using INSAT-3D satellite events. Satellite data, acquired cloud-top parcels are much sequence of images. NETRA from geostationary satellites warmer than the environment. comprises of three major provide valuable inputs for Thus, a model for Nowcasting of components: first is computation nowcasting of heavy rainfall due to Extreme orographic Rain (NETRA) of CTCR from half-hourly satellite their high spatio-temporal has been developed based on the data, second is calculation of

P53 thresholds, and third is the Mongolian region on 12th August number of alerts bears a good process of choosing those pixels 2018. The figures below show that match with the rainfall recorded which have a potential for causing the CTCR is very high (1K/min) for at 9 stations. This model shows flash floods. The result of this the area surrounding AIRAG good potential for very short study is demonstrated for a very station, which reported more than term prediction over Mongolian heavy rainfall over South 100mm of rainfall. Also, the region.

Fig. 1: Cloud top cooling rate over study region

Fig. 2: Cloud top cooling rate in Airag station (3D plot) Fig. 3: Comparison of Heavy Rainfall Alert with in-situ data

IMSRA Rainfall estimation, validation and variability over Indian region during GAJA Cyclone

Accurate rainfall estimation is very important for many applications, s u c h a s w a t e r r e s o u r c e management for agriculture and power, and flood and drought monitoring. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of satellite-based rainfall retrieval using INSAT-3D Multispectral Rainfall Algorithm (IMSRA) rainfall Figure shows the estimated rainfall from IMSRA-Merged (a) and its scatter plot with IMD station products over Indian region (Tamil (b) over Tamil Nadu on 16 November 2018. Nadu) during GAJA cyclone in cyclone moved to Tamil Nadu on to relief camps. IMSRA retrieved November 2018. Severe Cyclonic 16th of November, 2018. At least rainfall products has been Storm GAJA was the fifth named 45 people were killed and about developed by the Indian Space cyclone of the 2018 North Indian 250,000 people were evacuated Research Organization (ISRO) Ocean cyclone season. GAJA

P54 (Gairola et al. 2015). Thermal IR Global Satellite Mapping of 24.37 on 16 November 2018. (TIR1) channel from INSAT-3D Precipitation (GSMAP) products, Also, the comparison of IMSRA- satellite data is used for rainfall and their validation is performed Merged with GSMAP-Gauge estimation. The IMSRA estimated with conventional rain gauge showed a correlation of 0.68 and rainfall is also merged with the observations. The comparison an RMSD of 17.37. The statistical daily accumulated rainfall between IMSRA-Merged and IMD results showed good correlations obtained from 32 IMD ground station data gave a correlation between merged IMSRA, IMERG stations in Tamil Nadu on daily coefficient of 0.95 with a bias of - and GSMAP-Gauge product, while basis. The results are compared 0.67 and a root mean square error the merged IMSRA gave much with two independent global multi- (RMSE) of 9.15, while between better correlation than IMERG and satellite rainfall products, namely GSMAP-Gauge and IMD station GSMAP on comparison with the Integrated Multi-satellite data gave a correlation of 0.55 ground-based measurements Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and with a bias of 0.33 and a RMSE of during GAJA cyclone.

Estimating surface soil wetness over agriculture landscape in Mongolia

Terrestrial surface exhibits Normalized Difference Vegetation the lower limit of LST is obtained extreme spatio-temporal moisture Index (NDVI) have been used. The from 'wet' edge for the study region variations which controls 'triangle' based model has been as shown in Figure 1a. The dry and f u n d a m e n t a l hy d ro l o g i c a l used to estimate surface Soil wet edges may not be fully processes and limits crop Wetness Index (SWI) based on determined if the area of interest productivity. Remote sensing (RS) coupling of optical RS and thermal does not include a full range of provides exceedingly powerful observations. Two-dimensional land surface types and conditions means for estimation of surface scatters between NDVI and LST (e.g. dry bare soil, saturated bare soil moisture at spatial scale were generated to obtain a SWI soil, water stressed vegetation and especially rainfall deficit country from time series of MODIS Terra well-watered vegetation). Hence in like Mongolia for water security (Figure 1a) and LANDSAT-8 over this study agricultural dominated and guided irrigation. In the study region in Mongolia. In 2-D Darkhan-Uul province of Mongolia present study to estimate surface scatter dry and wet edges was selected that includes all soil moisture indicator at represent low and high surface soil types of land cover types. The moderate and high spatial wetness at different NDVI classes estimated SWI varied between 0.2 r e s o l u t i o n , L a n d S u r fa c e respectively. The upper limit of LST to 0.4 for May to June and T e m p e r a t u r e ( L S T ) a n d is obtained from 'dry edge' while gradually increases up to 0.7 for

(a) (b) (c) Fig. 1: (a) Scatter between NDVI & LST (b) Spatial distribution of SWI (c) Temporal variation of SWI with in situ soil moisture over study area at Mongolia

P55 August month followed by gradual the technique of using surface Mongolia. This study showed that decrease in the month of September. temperature vegetation index the validity of surface moisture The estimated temporal SWI triangular space to derive a soil indicator estimates largely depends during agricultural season is able wetness index as surrogate for on dynamic ranges of LST and NDVI, to pick surface soil moisture volumetric surface moisture which often may not be sufficient variability as measured in ground content in cropped soils at field as a result of restricted sampling from May to September (Figure 1c). and landscape scales over window size due to low swath in The present study demonstrated selected agricultural regions of case of finer resolution sensors.

Aerosol simulation over Mongolia using WRF-Chem model: Source Analysis and Impact

Dust storms frequently occur g k g u / throughout the desert regions of

n (b) o i s s the world, especially during i m E

t s

springtime, injecting large u D amounts of mineral dust aerosols into the atmosphere. Dust (c)

aerosols have a wide range of D O potential consequences for A ambient air quality, global climate and atmospheric chemistry. The (a) purpose of this study is to simulate meteorological fields are obtained (AOD) forecast and MODIS Daily aerosols over Mongolia during a from the National Center for Global AOD product averaged dust storm event using numerical Environmental Predictions (NCEP) before (29Apr-1May) and during model. A very severe dust storm Final Analysis (FNL) fields at a dust storm (2May-4May) show that affected China and Mongolia spatial resolution of 1º×1º. The similar spatial distribution with during May 2017 is analyzed. The chemical fields are initialized from model overestimating slightly Weather Research and Forecasting the Model for Ozone and Related (figure-a,b). The difference plot model coupled with Chemistry Chemical Tracers (MOZART-4) shows that the origin of dust storm (WRF-Chem) is used to simulate analysis. During this event, hot was over the south-west Gobi the meteorological and chemical and dry conditions with strong Desert in China, and it eventually conditions over Mongolia. The nor thwesterly winds were transported to southern and model domain extends from 77º E predominant over the Gobi Desert. eastern Mongolia. The comparison to 131º E (200 grid points) and There was also formation of a very of model forecasted AOD with from 26º N to 62º N (200 grid strong low-pressure system over AERONET observations gives a good points) at a horizontal spatial the Central Mongolia during 2-4 correlation of ~0.73 and an error of resolution of 30×30 km2. The May 2017, which caused the dust ~0.21 over Dalanzadgad (43º34'N model simulation is run for 15 days particles to get transported from 104º26'E) during the study period starting from 25 April 2017 at the Gobi Desert to Mongolia and (figure-c). Overall, the WRF-Chem 00:00 UTC. The initial and Northern China. The model model is able to simulate the spatial boundary conditions for the simulated Aerosol Optical Depth distribution of dust storm over Mongolia.

P56 Study of Tilted Clouds using Microwave Brightness Temperature Observations

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's core observatory is equipped with two key precipitation measuring sensors (i) Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and (ii) GPM

Microwave Imager (GMI). DPR is a Fig. 1: An example of tilted structure of cloud (a) vertical profile of DPR reflectivity and (b) surface rain. dual frequency Ku (13.6 GHz) and Ka (35.5 GHz) band precipitation radar. Both Ka and Ku radar beams provide measurement at spatial and vertical resolutions of 5km and 250km respectively. Whereas, GMI is a 13 channels conically scanning microwave imager, which measures vertical a n d h o r i z o n t a l p o l a r i z e d Fig. 2: The spatial distribution of GMI 18.7 GHz and 89 GHz frequencies brightness temperature observation during tilted cloud. brightness temperature in frequency range from 10GHz to precipitation at ground, validation corresponding surface rain in 1 8 3 G H z . T h e c o i n c i d i n g of precipitation from GMI and DPR Figure 1(b). GMI 18.7GHz observations of precipitation and and in improving the precipitation brightness temperature that vertical structure of clouds from e s t i m a t i o n a c c u r a c y. T h e primarily responds to the surface the GMI and the DPR respectively signatures of vertically tilted rainfall found displaced from are utilized to identify and analyse clouds are prominently noticed in 89GHz brightness temperature the ver tically tilted cloud the vertical profile of reflectivity that responds to the cloud ice structures. The identification and from DPR. The reflectivity profile of (Figure 2) because of the tilted analysis of such clouds are the tilted cloud observed by DPR is structure of cloud. i m p o r t a n t i n e s t i m a t i n g shown Figure 1(a) and the Hyperspectral Sounders AIRS / IASI / CrIS and Geostationary INSAT-3D Sounder: Validation and Applications over Myanmar

India launched the INSAT-3D 3D sounder provides a unique atmospheric structure with high satellite on 26th July 2013 to opportunity to have hourly te m p o r a l r e s o l u t i o n . T h e become the second country in the measurement of temperature and atmospheric structure available in world after USA carrying onboard moisture profiles over clear terms of temperature and an atmospheric sounder in regions of India and a few moisture profile helps in geostationary orbit. INSAT-3D has neighbouring countries. understanding and predicting six channels Imager and 18 INSAT-3D sounder provides atmospheric stability. The state of infrared channels Sounder. INSAT- invaluable information of atmospheric stability is studied by

P57 using parameters such as Total / L ay e r P r e c i p i t a b l e Wa te r (TPW/LPW), Convective Available P o t e n t i a l E n e r g y ( C A P E ) , Convective Inhibition (CIN), along with various stability indices such as Lifted Index (LI), K Index (KI), Total Total Index (TTI) and Theta-e etc. In addition, hyperspectral sounder like Atmospheric Infrared Sounders (AIRS), onboard EOS- Aqua, Infrared Atmospheric microwave sounder. Hence for the forecasting application over Sounding Interferometer (IASI) present study we used a various locations of Myanmar. onboard MetOp, Cross-Track combination of both, INSAT-3D INSAT-3D data will be validated Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on board sounder as well as hyperspectral with AIRS, IASI and CrIs over JPSS satellites provide fine- sounder. The product from these Myanmar as no Radiosonde resolution data even during cloudy sounders are used with an aim to s t a t i o n i s ava i l a b l e ove r conditions in combination with enhance sufficient lead time in Myanmar.

Impact of Data Assimilation of Conventional Observations on Heavy Rainfall Forecasts Over Southeast Asian Region

This study examines the impact of observations in the the assimilation of conventional model's initial conditions observations on the prediction of using the 3DVAR scheme. heavy rainfall events over The observations from Southeast Asia using Weather surface weather stations, Research and Forecasting (WRF) buoy, ship, radiosonde, model and its three dimensional and satellite winds and variational data assimilation oceanic surface winds (3DVAR) system. Six heavy rainfall are assimilated in the events over the region of interest EXP experiments. After are considered for this study. For the successful inclusion each event, two numerical o f a d d i t i o n a l experiments were performed, observational data using namely the CNTL and EXP. In the t h e 3 D V A R d a t a first experiment, namely the assimilation technique, control simulation (CNTL), the GFS the resulting reanalysis analyses are used as the initial was able to successfully W R F m o d e l u s i n g 3 DVA R and boundary conditions of the reproduce the structure of enhanced the location and model. In the second experiment convective organization. The amount of rainfall over the (EXP), the model integration was results demonstrate that the Southeast Asian region as shown carried out by inserting additional improved initial conditions of the in figure 1.

P58 Validation of INSAT-3D/3DR Sounder profiles over Central Asia and nearby regions

To date, several satellites altitude coverage, besides other temperature retrievals exhibited measurements are available parameters. With the launch of the small systematic errors (Biases) at which can provide profiles of INSAT-3DR, the frequency on the almost all the levels. It is observed temperature and water vapour weather monitoring of the that temperature data from INSAT- with reasonable accuracies. atmosphere through the sounding 3DR are of high quality and can be However, the temporal resolution system doubled. The study directly assimilated for better has remained poor, particularly compared the INSAT-3D and forecasts over India. Moreover, over the tropics, as most of them INSAT-3DR data with radiosonde these profiles are available round are polar orbiting. Hence, the soundings over three stations the clock and can be effectively launch of INSAT-3D (Indian (Kabul, Srinagar and Patiala. utilised by the meteorological National Satellite System) by the section over Central Asia towards Good correlation in temperature I n d i a n S p a c e R e s e a r c h their day to day forecasting in real between INSAT-3D/3DR and in Organization (ISRO) on 26 July time with a frequency of sounder situ measurements is noticed up 2013 carrying an atmospheric data available at 30 minutes' to lower stratospheric regions sounder along with it made it interval from INSAT staggered (bias of 1-2°K). There is a mean possible to obtain profiles of mode. INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR bias of 1020% in the humidity temperature and water vapour have significant value in providing profile, outside the Indian over India with higher temporal accurate weather forecast over monsoon months. The overall and vertical resolutions and India and neighbouring regions.

P59 Project Abstracts of 11th Post Graduate Course in Space and Atmospheric Science

Solar Cycle and seasonal variations of the critical frequency and height of maximum ionization of 1 F2-layer over Ahmedabad

2 Remote Sensing of the Moon

3 Analytical modelling of the solar coronal magnetic field

4 Long term trends of temperature and pressure data in Mongolia

5 Long term trends of precipitation in Mongolia

6 Surface ozone in an urban atmosphere

7 Asteroids and Comets

8 Space debris and their impacts

9 Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Lunar Analogues by Laboratory Measurements

10 GEANT4 simulation for the Silicon detectors in DE-E Mode

11 Modal and structural analysis of quadrupole mass spectrometer

12 Study of the solar origin of low-frequency radio bursts observed by the e-CALLISTO network

13 Classifying Supernovae using their optical spectra

P60 Solar Cycle and seasonal variations of the critical frequency and height of maximum ionization of

F2-layer over Ahmedabad

Ionosphere primarily formed by Solar cycle and seasonal daily and seasonal variations in

the solar radiation shows regular variations of foF2 (critical frequency the parameters. Plots of the time

daily, seasonal, solar cycle and of F2 layer related to the maximum variations of foF2, hpF2 for midday

latitudinal variations in the electron density) and hpF2, an (mean of 11-13 hour local time)

electron density. F2 region is, in indicator of the height of maximum and Rz for the period 1955-96 addition, greatly controlled by the ionization for Ahmedabad, have s h o w g o o d c o r r e l a t i o n . transport of ionization. Large been studied earlier for a solar Correlation coefficient values electromagnetic vertical uplift of cycle. Here we analyse data for the and linear fits have been plasma from the F region near the period 1955-96 to examine the obtained for each month 2 describing the dependence of f F magnetic equator and subsequent seasonal and solar cycle o 2 dependence of f F and hpF . a n d h p F w i t h R z o v e r diffusion along the geomagnetic o 2 2 2 Ahmedabad. Contour plots of the field lines result in peak ionization To study solar cycle variations, f F and hpF in the grid of months at locations ±20 O magnetic analyses are made for a fixed solar o 2 2 and years show both the seasonal latitude, known as Equatorial hour and for each month and solar cycle variations. Ionization Anomaly. separately. This eliminates the

Remote Sensing of the Moon

The Moon is an astronomical body vo l c a n i s m t h ro u g h o u t i t s located near the western limb of that orbits planet Earth and is the geological history, which has the Moon in the immediate vicinity Earth's only permanent natural resulted in the highly cratered of the Grimaldi basin. We have satellite. It is the fifth-largest surface and formation of vast lava identified the various geological natural satellite in the Solar plains. In this study, we have units of the Riccioli crater and System. The Moon is thought to investigated the geology of an mapped them using ArcGIS have formed about 4.5 billion impact crater on the Moon known software. Subsequently, Crater years ago, not long after Earth. The as Riccioli crater using LROC WAC Chronology technique has been most widely accepted explanation data from Lunar Reconnaissance used to determine the age of the is that the Moon formed from the Orbiter (LRO) mission of NASA, Riccioli crater and the mare basalt debris left over after a giant impact which is currently orbiting the unit partially covering its crater between the Earth and a Mars- Moon. Riccioli crater, centred at floor. It has been found that the sized body called Theia. Since its (3.00 S and 74.30 W), is a large Riccioli crater formed ~3.7 Ga ago formation, the Moon has lunar impact crater of diameter and the volcanism occurred inside experienced impact cratering and 146 km and depth 2.3 km. It is the crater up to ~3.3 Ga.

Analytical modelling of the solar coronal magnetic field

Study of the magnetic field in the studying transient events like involves catapulting plasma from solar corona is of significance as it Coronal mass ejections, Solar s o l a r c o r o n a i n t o t h e becomes an integral part of flares etc. Coronal mass ejection Interplanetary medium at very

P61 high velocities. Solar flares are which enables them to satisfy considerations, the Lorentz force brightening of regions of solar disk Alfven's Flux Freezing theorem, in (force due to magnetic interaction) resulting in Electromagnetic which the identity of the magnetic is negligible which infers that the emissions in all possible field lines are preserved along the volume current density and wavelengths. All such events are motion of the plasma as it evolves Magnetic field are parallel to each a c c o u n t e d a s d i f f e r e n t over time. This indicates that the other. manifestations of processes which dynamics of the plasma can be In this project, the equilibrium of fundamentally involves a change inferred from the dynamics of the coronal plasma is analytically in the magnetic morphology of the magnetic field lines. modelled in 2D and 3D using sun. In the solar corona, the plasma β appropriate equations. The The fundamental difference parameter (ratio of plasma magnetic field lines are obtained between laboratory plasma and pressure to magnetic pressure) is using Interactive Data Language astrophysical plasma is that the small, indicating that plasma (IDL) and Visualization and Analysis Magnetic Reynolds Number is very pressure can be neglected in the Platform for Ocean, Atmosphere high for astrophysical plasma corona. Thus, under equilibrium and Solar Researchers (VAPOR).

Long-term trends of temperature and pressure data in Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country different stations of Mongolia from important use of analyzing time in Central Asia and East Asia, the year 1974 to 2015. The time- series data is that it helps us to located between China and series of air temperature predict the future behaviour of the Russia. The climate of Mongolia measured at 16 stations was v a r i a b l e b a s e d o n p a s t can be described to be severe and analyzed. The highest annual experience. The short term with strong regional and temporal temperature (+7.7ºC) was changes in data are due to variations. As part of this project, I measured at Khovd stations in the seasonal factors. A detailed have been doing an analysis of a year 2014, while the lowest analysis of both temperature and l o n g - t e r m r e c o r d o f a i r temperature (-4.6ºC) was pressure data will be completed temperature and atmospheric measured at Omnogovi station in during the project. pressure data measured at 16 the year 1984. The most

Long-term trends of precipitation in Mongolia

Mongolia is situated in the central the precipitations occur in the 200 millimetres (3.9 to 7.9 in). The part of the Asian continent summer season. About 85-90% of southern Mongolia which is close to bounded on the north by Russia annual precipitations fall as rain in the Gobi desert receives very little or and on the east, south, and west by the summer season. Precipitation no precipitation during most of the China. Mongolia has a high is highest in the north, which months. As part of the project, the elevation with extreme continental averages 200 to 350 millimetres precipitation data recorded at 16 climate conditions with a long cold (7.9 to 13.8 in) per year, and lowest different stations in Mongolia during winter and a short summer. Most of in the south, which receives 100 to 1960-2017 have been analyzed.

P62 Surface Ozone in an urban atmosphere

Ozone is a necessity for the reaction for ozone production is The diurnal variation has the survival of living being as well as a given by: following few distinct features pollutant with adverse effects, typical of an urban atmosphere: CO/CH4/NMOC +NO + hν--> O + depending upon its amount and x 3 other pollutants a) N o o n - t i m e m a x i m u m - altitudinal placement in the anthropogenic production from atmosphere. In the troposphere, where: NMOC=non-methane pollutants. ozone is a greenhouse gas and its organic compound, NOx=NO + NO2 b) Low values in the night time- higher levels can even have The ozone analyser works on the the absence of sunlight which deleterious effects on human basic principle of UV absorption (at inhibits the ozone production health and plants. Ozone in the 254 nm) and is given by Beer and loss from chemical troposphere is mostly due to Lambert's law. The data used in reactions and dry deposition. a n t h r o p o g e n i c a c t i v i t y . this work is for the period January Tropospheric ozone budget is 15-25, 2019 from Ahmedabad, an c) Low values just after the governed by photochemical urban region in western India. The sunrise- the destruction of production and loss, transport data gives the diurnal variation of ozone by sunlight. from the stratosphere, and ozone during this period. surface deposition. The overall

Asteroids and Comets

The formation and evolution of the explore these bodies. There are observations, both ground and Solar System can be understood differences between comets and space-based. There are many by studying the remnants of the asteroids on their composition and dedicated missions that have early Solar system. The remnants physical appearance. Apart from been launched to understand could be comets, asteroids, Kuiper these bodies, there are other these cometary and asteroid belt objects etc. The basic smaller bodies such as Trojan bodies. Details of physical understanding of these smaller bodies corresponding to the c o n d i t i o n s a n d c h e m i c a l bodies in our Solar system, Lagrangian points, that are evolutions of a few of the asteroids physical conditions of these present in the Solar System. These and comets such as Ceres, Vesta, bodies, chemical composition and smaller bodies are studied Eros etc. and comet 67P etc. have the evolutions are the key to t h r o u g h t h e t e l e s c o p i c been carried out.

Space debris and their impacts

On Earth's orbit, other than few centimetre particles, which pieces of debris smaller than 1 cm controlled satellites several pieces can degrade sensitive spacecraft (0.39 in) as of January 2019. of debris are orbiting, and they are surfaces, solar panels, mirrors, There are approximately 900,000 travelling at over 27,000 km/h. optical sensors and thermal pieces from one to ten cm. This Such space debris size from sub- control surfaces. There are space debris can collide with and micron/micron-sized particles to estimated to be over 128 million destroy essential satellites,

P63 knocking out communications and complete break-up and result in material are fragmented or in turn creating even more debris. melting of the projectile, and vaporized. For impacts with Such debris impact over any of the ejection of crater material to a velocities up to about 5 km/s most spacecraft surface area result in depth of typically 2-5 times the of the ejected material are solid an impact crater. These sizes are diameter of the projectile. These fragments, above 2025 km/s the 1-100μm. This project is aimed to impacts create a shock wave in the ejecta is completely vaporised, understand the effects of space target material and lead to very ejecta from impacts in the velocity debris using the Matlab software. high pressures (>100 GPa) and range 5 20 km/s are a mixture of temperatures (>10,000 K). The solid fragments and molten Beyond 4 km/s (depending on the impacting object and the target droplets. materials), an impact will lead to a

Investigation of thermophysical properties of Lunar Analogues by laboratory measurements

The thermophysical behaviour of of various parameters such as measurement setup based on the uppermost layer of the lunar pressure, grain size, density/ transient line heat source method, surface is highly complex and is porosity, stratigraphy, composition the thermal conductivity and not well understood. The principal etc. In the present work, an thermal diffusivity of the soil reason for this is the inter- attempt has been made to s a m p l e s a r e o b t a i n e d . dependence of various physical investigate the thermophysical Experiments were conducted for properties and the extreme properties of certain lunar different grain sizes of both basalt temperatures and vacuum analogous soils under laboratory and anorthosite samples. Results conditions of the Moon. The conditions. The soil samples used show a significant dependence of thermophysical properties of the for this work were terrestrial grain size on both thermal lunar sur face layer show analogues of lunar basalt and c o n d u c t i v i t y a n d t h e r m a l significant variation as a function a n o r t h o s i t e s . U s i n g a diffusivity values.

GEANT4 simulation for the Silicon detectors in ΔE-E mode

GEANT4 is a Monte Carlo based A charged particle loses its detector, which is kept behind the toolkit to simulate the interaction energy in the detector by first detector. Energy deposited in of particles through matter. ionization at a rate determined in the detector of a given thickness Geant4 incorporates various part by its velocity. The energy lost depends on the mass of the physical interactions, user-defined per unit distance is called as particle. Thus, measuring the geometries, event-tracking system dE/dx. The DE-E technique for signal from both the detectors etc. GEANT4 covers a wide range identifying the incident particle can provide information on the of interaction energies (eV to TeV and measure its total energy particle type and its energy. range) from optical to -rays and involves a stack of two detectors The aim of the project is the data charged particles. It allows the of different thicknesses. The analysis of the energy loss in user to define the experimental basic idea is that the incident Silicon detector using Geant4 geometry, sample composition, particle deposits only a fraction of Simulation. Silicon detectors are incident beam type and its energy its energy in the first thinner very compact, demand low power, with direction and also to include detector whereas it is fully have high quantum efficiency and the fundamental physical processes. absorbed in the second thick are insensitive to magnetic fields.

P64 The project focuses on the 100 MeV. Silicon detector the cut-off energy of the particles detection of energy on the Silicon thickness is varied from 10 vs detector thicknesses. detector in the range of 10 keV and Microns to 1500 Microns to see

Modal and structural analysis of Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Simulation modelling is the is a powerful tool to identify the Design of quadrupole mass process of creating and analyzing dynamic characteristics of spectrometers (QMS) requires of a physical model to predict its structures. Every structure precise alignment of the various performance in the real world. It vibrates with high amplitude of mechanical parts like ionizer, analyses by applying the vibration at its resonant frequency. ceramic spacers, quadrupole simulation software. Using It is imperative to know the modal rods, detectors etc. QMS operates simulation software, we can parameters- resonant frequency, inside Vacuum, at the level of < 10- optimize geometry for weight & mode shape and damping 5 Torr. Any misalignment in the strength and accordingly select characteristics of the structure at assembly may result in the wrong materials for further improvement. its varying operating conditions interpretation of the results. The The part failure analysis, load for improving its strength and QMS assembly has been designed analysis can be simulated which is reliability at the design stage. The in the Open-Inventor software and very difficult to test in a real goal of a modal analysis is to structural analysis is being carried scenario. The structural modal determine the natural mode out. In order to understand the analysis uses the overall mass and shapes and frequencies of an structural analysis, one cantilever stiffness of a structure to find the object or structure during free was designed and analysis was various periods at which it will vibration. obtained. naturally resonate. Modal analysis

Study of the solar origin of low-frequency radio bursts observed by the e-CALLISTO

The radio emission during a solar 2013 to December 2014 which resolution solar dynamical spectra flare is often called radio burst. corresponds to the maximum of selected time and frequency During such burst, Sun's radio phase of the solar cycle 24. We ranges using Solar Software (SSW) emission can increase up to first examined quick-look data and Interactive Data Language millions of times the normal available at e-CALLISTO website (IDL). We have compared the radio intensity so they can outshine the and found several radio bursts of data with soft X-ray observations entire Sun at radio wavelength. different types during this period. from GOES satellite. To investigate The solar radio bursts are very For the piolet project, we have the solar source origin of the radio effective probes of the physical selected 10 radio bursts that show bursts, analyses of solar images in state of the magnetized solar complex structures, i.e., more than white light, magnetogram, and atmosphere where flares and one type of radio burst occurred EUV have been carried out. The eruptions initiate and evolve. s i m u l t a n e o u s l y . T h e s e comparisons of multi-wavelength representative events are found to measurements yield insights Our study mainly focusses on the be associated with GOES flares of about processes responsible for identification of different types of classes C to X. For a detailed the energy release and magnetic radio bursts observed by the e- analysis, we constructed the high- restructuring. CALLISTO network from January

P65 Classifying Supernovae using their optical spectra

A supernova is an event that trigger the formation of new stars. are more complex than these two occurs when certain types of stars Theoretical studies indicate that s i m p l i f i e d t h e o r i e s , t h e die. Supernovae may expel most of the basic trigger mechanisms for astrophysical collapse mechanics the material away from a star at supernova events are barely two: have been established and velocities of the order of few accepted by most astronomers for 1. The sudden re-ignition of thousands to 10s of thousands of some time. nuclear fusion in a degenerate km/s driving an expanding and star: a degenerate white dwarf Astronomers have classified fast-moving shock wave into the may accumulate sufficient Supernovae into two main classes, surrounding interstellar medium. material from a binar y type I and type II, according to their This shock sweeps up an companion, either through optical spectra. If a supernova's expanding shell of gas and dust, accretion or via a merger, to spectrum contains hydrogen lines which is observed as a supernova raise its core temperature it is classified Type II; otherwise, it r e m n a n t . A s t r o p h y s i c a l enough to trigger runaway is Type I. In each of these two types consequences of these Supernova nuclear fusion, completely there are sub-classes according to events impact significantly on disrupting the star. the presence of lines from other nearby surroundings and the elements or the shape of the light interstellar medium. Supernovae 2. The sudden gravitational curve. create, fuse and eject the bulk of collapse of a massive star's the chemical elements produced core: the core of a massive star In this project, the student will by nucleosynthesis. Supernovae m a y u n d e r g o s u d d e n learn to classify supernovae using play a significant role in enriching g r av i t a t i o n a l c o l l a p s e , their optical spectra. GELATO, a the interstellar medium with the r e l e a s i n g g r av i t a t i o n a l template comparison software, heavier atomic mass chemical p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y a s a have been used to compare elements. The expanding shock supernova. optical spectra of supernovae with various template spectra of waves from supernovae can While some observed supernovae supernovae of known classes.

P66 Meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board

The 24th meeting of the Centre for Space Science and Gopal, Mr. Ashish Kumar Gupta & Mr. Harish Pandey Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific from India. (CSSTEAP) Governing Board (GB) was held at ISRO Hqrs, Bengaluru on December 02, 2019. The meeting Dr. A. Senthil Kumar, Director, CSSTEAP welcomed the was chaired by Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman CSSTEAP GB members and special invitees to the 24th meeting of and Secretary, Department of Space, Govt. of India. the CSSTEAP-GB. He mentioned that CSSTEAP is The meeting was attended by the GB members and performing extremely well and established itself as a special invitees. The GB members included Mr. Dr. Centre of excellence with the support and guidance Amir Hossein Mirabadi (Iran), Prof. Abdykalykov from GB members. Akymbek Abdykalykovich (Kyrgyz Republic), Mr. Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman, CSSTEAP-GB welcomed all the Ulugbeg Begaliev (Kyrgyz Republic), H.E Dato Hidayat GB members, observers and special invitees to the Abdul Hamid (Malaysia), Mr. Nor'Azam Mohd ldrus GB meeting. He expressed that the Centre has (Malaysia), Mr. Hari Odari (Nepal), Mr. Charan Kamal completed 24 years since its establishment in 1995 Singh Bhalla (Nauru), Mr. Arvin R. de Leon and appreciated the commendable growth in all the (Philippines), Mr. Joon Lee (South Korea) Eng. Mr. domains of its capacity building activities in Asia Sanath Panawennage (Sri Lanka) Dr. Shirish Ravan Pacific region, under the able guidance of learned GB (UNOOSA, Vienna), Dr. A Senthil Kumar (India). Other members. The Chairman also commended the Centre Participants included Mr. Umaaheshwaran, Dr. Nilesh for the different short and long term courses in the Desai, Dr. P.G. Diwakar, Dr. Prakash Chauhan, Shri different fields of space sciences and also for Shantanu Bhatawdekar, Mrs. Shankari Murali, Dr. D. conducting a Global Webinar series on Space Gowrisankar, Dr. S.P. Aggarwal, Dr. K.R. Manjunath, Applications in Disasters first of its kind amongst all Dr. J. Banerji, Mr. Sanjib Kumar Deb, Mr. C.M. Bhatt, Regional Centres affiliated to UNOOSA. Noting that Mr. Vipul N Parekh, Mr Rajender Katariya, Mr. Krishan the Centre has conducted 58 PG courses 61 short

P67 courses and trained more than 2300 participants supported off campus training program in Myanmar from 36 countries from Asia-pacific region and 20 upon request of UNOOSA/UN-SPIDER. He requested countries from outside Asia-Pacific region. similar contribution to other activities as the UN- SPIDER programme is planning to visit Afghanistan, Chairman, CSSTEAP GB further highlighted the Lao PDR, Mongolia, Nepal and Sri Lanka, and conduct achievements of ISRO in the last one year, ISRO has regional events in South Asia, ASEAN and the Pacific carried out 13 missions comprising of 6 launch region. vehicle missions and 7 satellite missions. Besides this, India's PSLV has launched 41 satellites of 4 Dr. Amir Hossein Mirabadi (Iran), Prof. Abdykalykov countries (Lithunia, Spain, Switzerland and USA). Akymbek Abdykalykovich (Kyrgyz Republic), Mr. GSLV Mk-II, with indigenous cryogenic upper stage, Ulugbeg Begaliev (Kyrgyz Republic), H.E Dato Hidayat witnessed its 6th consecutive successful flight. Abdul Hamid (Malaysia), Mr. Nor'Azam Mohd ldrus India's heavy lift launch vehicle GSLV Mk-III with (Malaysia), Mr. Hari Odari (Nepal), Mr. Charan Kamal indigenous cryogenic engine has joined the elite Singh Bhalla (Nauru), Mr. Arvin R. de Leon group of operational launch vehicles. (Philippines), Mr. Joon Lee (South Korea) appreciated the efforts made by CSSTEAP in recent years. India's totally indigenous mission “Chandrayaan-2” (comprising of an Orbiter, Lander & Rover) was Eng. Mr. Sanath Panawennage (Sri Lanka) successfully launched on July 22, 2019. Subsequent appreciated that the alumni of CSSTEAP are doing to completion of 5 earth bound orbit raising great job and holding important positions related to maneuvers and Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver, space technology in their respective countries. He Chandrayaan-2 was successfully inserted into a Lunar also emphasized the role of space technology for orbit on August 20, 2019. All the payloads, on-board achieving agenda 2030 on SDGs. H. E. Dato Hidayat orbiter are providing valuable data for science Abdul Hamid, High Commissioner of Malaysia experiments. expressed his thanks to the Indian government and ISRO especially on the use of space technology and He informed the GB about UNNATI (UNispace applications for peaceful purposes. Nanosatellite Assembly & Training by ISRO) programme, which is providing an excellent CSSTEAP GB approved the proposal of Dr. Prakash opportunity for the participant countries to Chauhan as new director of CSSTEAP for the period of strengthen their capabilities in Assembling, 3 years with effect from April 1, 2020. Integrating and Testing Nano satellites. 1st Batch of UNNATI programme have benefitted 29 Participants The meeting was closed by Chairman, CSSTEAP-GB from 17 Countries. who thanked all the GB members for their active participation and involvement in improving the overall Dr. Shirish Ravan, Head, UN-SPIDER Beijing Office activities of CSSTEAP. He mentioned that CSSTEAP and observer from the United Nations Office for Outer would continue to provide services in Asia-Pacific Space Affairs acknowledged the participation of all region and requested for all the countries to actively GB members in the 24th Meeting of the Governing participate and send their scholars / professionals/ Board of CSSTEAP. He apprised that CSSTEAP also students.

P68 Glimpses of student activities at CSSTEAP

P69 170 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Editor : Dr. S. P. Aggarwal Associate Editor : Sh. C.M. Bhatt Members : Dr. Sanjib K Deb Dr. Rajat Acharya Dr. Jay Banerji Dr. P. Murugan Sh. Hari Shankar Advisors : Director, CSSTEAP Director, SAC Director, PRL Director, URSC Director, IIRS

CSSTEAP Headquarter, IIRS Campus, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, INDIA. Ph: 91-135 2740737, 2740787, Fax:+91-135-2740785 E-Mail: [email protected], Website: www.cssteap.org E-mail: [email protected] Ph: 91-135- 2740737,2740787, Fax: +91-1352740785 IIRS Campus,4,Kalidas Road,Dehr CSSTEAP Headquarters v .in, W ebsite: www adun-248 001,INDIA .cssteap,or g

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