Winter •2009 $4.00

“In the latter days, the sun shall rise from the west” • Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be on him)

Holy Qur’an: Allah’s Words

11 Islamic Solution 13 The Qur’an 18 The Paradox of 23 Mercy: The to World Hunger on the Sins War and Most Divine Against Life Compassion Attribute in the Holy Qur’an The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

he Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is a religious organization, international in its scope, with branches in 189 countries in TAfrica, North America, South America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was established in 1889 by Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas (1835-1908) in Qadian, a small and remote village in the Punjabi province of India. He claimed to be the expected reformer of the latter days, the Awaited One of the world community of religions (The Mahdi and Messiah). The Movement he started is an embodiment of the benevolent message of Islam – peace, universal brotherhood, and submission to the Will of God – in its pristine purity. Hadhrat Ahmadas proclaimed Islam as the religion of man: “The religion of the people of the right path” (98:6).The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was created under divine guidance with the objective to rejuvenate Islamic moral and spiritual values. It encourages interfaith dialogue, diligently defends Islam and tries to correct misunderstandings about Islam in the West. It advocates peace, tolerance, love and understanding among followers of different faiths. It firmly believes in and acts upon the Qur’anic teaching: “There is no compulsion in religion” (2:257). It strongly rejects violence and terrorism in any form and for any reason.

After the passing of its founder, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has been headed by his elected successors. The present Head of the Community, Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, was elected in 2003. His official title is Khalifatul Masih V or Fifth Successor of the Promised Messiah.. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908)

Editor Editor's Notes: Falahud Din Shams The Muslim Sunrise is published by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, USA, 15000 Good Hope Road, Silver Spring, MD 20905, Phone 301.879.0110, Fax 301.879.0115, under the auspices of Dr. Ahsanullah Zafar, Ameer and National Editorial Board President. The views and opinions expressed by individual contributers in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Imam Mubasher Ahmad Community, USA. Dr. Shanaz Butt Hasan Hakeem The Muslim Sunrise welcomes letters to the editor, questions and submissions. Email Amjad Mahmood Khan, Esq. us at [email protected] or go online to www.MuslimSunrise.com. Naveed Malik Library of Congress Call Number BP195.A5 M8

Mailing Address: The Muslim Sunrise, 2 S 510 Route 53, Glen Ellyn, IL Staff Editors 60137, Phone: (630) 790-4100, ext. 206, Fax: (630) 793-4100. Maham Khan Atif Mir Muslims follow the name of God’s prophets with the prayer alaehis salaam or Naser Shams ‘may peace be upon him,’ and for the Holy Prophet Muhammad, sallallahu alaehi wasallam or ‘may peace and blessings of God be upon him.’ Companions of prophets and righteous personalities who have passed away are saluted by Staff Writers radhi-Allaho anhu/a or ‘may Allah be pleased with him/her.” While such salutations are not set out in the text for readability, we encourage readers to Lubna Malik offer these prayers as if set out in full. Sadar Anees Ahmad Dr. Zia H. Shah Dr. Mufti Muhammad Sadiq (1872-1957) was the first Ahmadiyya Muslim missionary Shazia Sohail to arrive in America. In 1921, he founded the Muslim Sunrise, which stands today as the longest running Muslim publication in America. The magazine seeks to open discussions on Islam and topics relating to religion in general. It highlights the role Hasan Hakeem, Design/Layout of Islam in an ever changing global society. It provides a platform for public Naveed Malik, Circulation opinion on contemporary issues and presenting their solutions from an Islamic Shuaib Shams, Circulation perspective. www.muslimsunrise.com

2 MuslimSunrise In This Issue

Features

6 A Message of Peace

11 Islamic Solution to World Hunger

13 The Qur’an on Sins against Life

18 The Paradox of War and Compassion Winter 2 0 0 9 • Volume 89 • Issue 3 20 War Verses of the Holy Qur’an

23 Mercy: The Most Divine Attribute News, Views and Reviews 26 Islam and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 31 Press Publications The Fort Hood betrayal and tragedy

Departments 32 Viewpoint Murder is not Jihad 5 Opening Commentary 33 Book Review 8 Editorial Secrets of the Koran

9 Friday Sermon 36 Perspectives God is our Friend The Mosque culture

28 Poetry Corner The Satellite

30 Questions & Answers The Pilgrimage and Eid-ul-Adha

34 From the Archives 1954 The Church’s role in responsible socieity

WINTER 2009 3 From the Holy Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah, 5:16-17

[5:16] O People of the Book! there has come to you Our Messenger who unfolds to you much of what you had kept hidden of the Book and passes over much. There has come to you indeed from Allah a Light and a clear Book.

[5:17] Thereby does Allah guide those who seek His pleasure on the paths of peace, and leads them out of every kind of darkness into light by His will, and guides them to the right path.

4 MuslimSunrise In the Words of the Promised Messiah

rective from Him, they listen to noth- od, in whose meeting ing else. They accept joyfully and ea- is man’s salvation and gerly every verity contained in it. In eternal happiness, the end it becomes the means of illu- cannot be found mination of the heart and lighting up Gwithout following the Holy Qur’an. the conscience and of wonderful dis- Would that people could see that closures. It leads everyone to the which I have seen and they could heights of progress according to their hear that which I have heard and give capacities. The righteous have always up following stories and run towards been in need of walking in the light of reality. the Holy Qur’an. Whenever Islam has The means of obtaining perfect been confronted with any other reli- knowledge through which one can gion in consequence of some new see God, and the cleansing water condition of the age, the sharp and effective instrument that has immedi- which removes all doubts, and the Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908) mirror through which one can behold ately come to hand is the Holy that High Being, is the converse with Qur’an. In the same way, whenever God which I have just mentioned. He [Islami Usul ki Philosophy, Now philosophic thought has been given pub- whose soul seeks the truth should arise printed in Ruhani Khazain (London, licity in opposition to it, the Holy Qur’an and search for it. I say truly that if souls 1984), Vol. 10, pp. 128-129]. has destroyed that poisonous plant and were inspired by true search and hearts The straight path and the principal has so humiliated it as to provide a mir- felt true thirst, people would look for means which is full of the lights of cer- ror to its students which shows up that this way and would search for it. I as- tainty, and is the perfect guide for our true philosophy which is contained in the sure the seekers that Islam alone gives spiritual welfare and our intellectual Holy Qur’an. In the modern age, when the good news of this way for other progress, is the Holy Qur’an which is Christian missionaries started their pro- people have since long sealed up the charged with the settlement of all the re- paganda and made an attempt to draw possibility of revelation. ligious contests of the world. It contains away unintelligent and ignorant people Be sure that this seal is not set by a large quantity of the water of life for from the Unity of God and to make them God, but as man has deprived himself us and comprises many rare and price- worship a humble creature and em- of this favor, he seeks excuses for its less jewels which are hidden in it and ployed every kind of sophistry for absence. As it is not possible that we are being displayed every day. It is an dressing up their doubtful ideas and thus should be able to see without eyes or excellent touchstone whereby we can created a storm in India, it was the Holy should be able to hear without ears or distinguish between truth and falsehood. Qur’an which repelled them so that they should be able to speak without a It is the one bright lamp which shows are not now able to face an intelligent tongue, in the same way, it is not pos- the way of truth. Without doubt the person and their extensive apologetics sible that we should be able to behold hearts of those who have a relationship have been folded up like a piece of pa- the countenance of the Beloved with- with the straight path are drawn to the per. out the Holy Qur’an. I was young and Holy Qur’an. God has so fashioned their [Izalah Auham, (Amritsar, Riyaz am now old, but I have found no one hearts that they lean towards their Be- Hind Press 1308 A.H.); Now pub- who might have drunk of this clear un- loved like a lover and find no rest else- lished in Ruhani Khazain (London, derstanding without this holy fountain where, and hearing a plain and clear di- 1984), Vol. 3, pp. 524-525].

WINTER 2009 5 A Message of Peace

and to prefer peace at all times except eyes of the world.” (Lecture Lahore, p.47) By Shahina Bashir when they are under attack by the en- Even before he made his claim of being emies. The best of such among the ser- the Messiah and the Mahdi, Hadhrat The son of Prophet Adamas, vants of God was none other than the Ahmadas wrote many articles refuting the founder of Islam, the Prophet attacks of Christians and Aryas (a Hindu Cain decided to kill his brother, Muhammadsaw. He brought the charter of sect) against Islam. He was a man given Abel because God had ac- peace to mankind 14 centuries ago. Who to solitude and although he became popu- can be a better proponent of peace than lar because of his writings, he rarely came cepted the offering of the latter the one who endured the extreme form of in public. He realized that peace was jeop- and not the former. But Abel injustice meted out to him and his com- ardized because of the religious differ- panions simply for the fact that they ences. But he was determined to end hos- did not retaliate against his claimed that there was no god but God? tilities not through sheer force but brother. Instead he said to him, If he resisted his enemies it was only in through reason. self defense and to protect the houses of Hadhrat Ahmadas wrote about 80 books “If thou stretch out thy hand worship, for God Himself gave him per- during his lifetime and spent endless hours against me to kill me, I am not mission to fight those who had wronged dialoguing with members of various faiths. He them and transgressed against them. was no doubt rejected by his own fellow Mus- going to stretch out my hand After the glorious time of the Holy lims as he claimed to have fulfilled the second against thee. I do fear Allah, Prophet Muhammadsaw and the period of coming of Hadhrat Jesusas and that he was the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, and the also the Mahdi and a prophet. He had a daunt- the Lord of the Universe.” various dynasties and caliphates, the ing task of not only defending the honor of (Holy Qur’an, 5:29) Muslims came to face a time of tribula- Islam and the Holy Prophet Muhammad but tion. There were vehement oppositions he also had to defend his own status as a bel did not mean that he from the Christians, Jews, and Hindus. messenger of God. A day before he passed should not even defend Vile accusations were made against the away (May 25, 1908) he put together a lecture himself but what he meant holy personage of the founder of Islam, titled A Message of Peace. This address was was that if he were forced Muhammadsaw. But the Muslim clerics did read out on his behalf at a conference held on toA stretch his hand towards his brother it not know how to defend the honor of the June 21, 1908 at the Punjab University, Lahore. would be for the purpose of self defense beloved servant of God. It was during this It was an appeal to the followers of the major and not in order to slay him. Thus, Abel dark time that God raised another prophet religions to come together and propagate reacted towards his hostile brother with in the footsteps of the Holy Prophet peace and harmony rather than hatred and dis- peace rather than aggression. Muhammadsaw in a little known place in cord. His belief was that peace can only be Throughout the ages men continued India, in the province of Punjab. The brought about if the followers of each religion to be aggressive against each other. In place was Qadian and the man who was recognize the authenticity of the others’ faiths. the pre-historic time, he was not able to raised to bring back the honor of the That is, a Christian should not think that his distinguish between right and wrong and founder of Islam was Hadhrat Mirza religion is the only true faith established by acted on his instincts. He was territorial Ghulam Ahmadas. He was the Promised God, neither should a Jew think likewise. He and lived only by the basic needs- to feed Messiah and the Reformer of the latter argued that it would be against the Wisdom and clothe himself. But God, the Creator, days. God had sent him to restore peace of the Almighty that He should favor only one did not plan to leave the best of His cre- through the true message of Islam. group of people while He should leave the ations faltering in darkness. It was His Hadhrat Ahmadas wrote, “Through the others groping in the dark trying to under- plan that righteous servants would be proclamation of truth I should bring stand their purpose on this earth. He wrote, chosen and sent to guide their own about peace by putting an end to reli- “Pure common sense cannot accept the propo- people. These servants of God taught gious wars and should manifest the veri- sition that God, the Lord of the Universe, Who men to live in harmony with each other ties which have become hidden from the illuminates the East and West alike with His

6 MuslimSunrise Hadhrat Ahmadas held a stance against any kind of violence. He believed deeply in the Quranic injunction that there is no compulsion in religion. He refuted the claims of many Orientalists that Islam was spread by the sword. radiant sun and quenches the thirst Hadhrat Ahmadas made it clear to of every land with the universal his followers that they should dis- bounty of His rain, should be so play compassion towards their fel- miserly (God forbid!) with regards low humans no matter what race, to the spiritual needs of man as to color, or creed they may belong to. become partial only to one coun- He instructed the members of his try, one people and one language.” community to spread peace on (pp. 36-37) So in other words, earth so that their own faith will Hadhrat Ahmadas clearly stated that spread in return. In his book, “The no religion should hold a monopoly British Government and Jihad,” over the other faiths. Hadhrat Ahmadas clarifies that what Hadhrat Ahmadas held a the Muslims call jihad by attack- stance against any kind of vio- ing the people of other religions is lence. He believed deeply in the not the jihad of Divine religious Quranic injunction that there is Law (Shari’ah), rather it is a grave no compulsion in religion. He sin and a transgression against the refuted the claims of many commandments of God and His Orientalists that Islam was Prophet. spread by the sword. He not It is clear beyond a shadow of only believed each and every doubt that the mission of Hadhrat word of the Qur’an, but he was Ahmadas, the Promised Messiah a devoted follower of Prophet and Mahdi, was to bring about Muhammad. He knew that it peace and harmony between would be beyond simple logic people of diverse backgrounds as that the Prophet of Islam should a single creation of the Almighty go directly against the com- God. This peace can be achieved mandment of his Lord and wield through utmost compassion to- swords over the heads of the wards all human beings. Just as disbelievers and give them a choice of example of the Christians who publish God showers His grace upon all of man- death or life through the acceptance of materials and they make every effort to kind - good and wicked alike - so should Islam. He declared that one of the signs give Islam a bad name and distance it from be the attitude of God’s best creation. of the truth of the Promised Messiah is the people. He said, “In these circum- The 4th Condition of Initiation as laid that he would not wage religious wars. stances, should we have recourse to the out by Hadhrat Ahmadas says, “That His statement is corroborated by the pen or the arrow? Who will be a greater under the impulse of any passions, he/ Hadith recorded in Sahih Bukhari accord- enemy of Islam and a bigger idiot than she shall cause no harm whatsoever to ing to which the Holy Prophetsaw had said the one who opts for the latter? What else the creatures of Allah in general, and that when the Messiah descends he will would it mean except to defame Islam? Muslims in particular, neither by his/ bring an end to religious wars. Hadhrat Our opponents are not in the right and her tongue nor by his/her hands nor by Ahmadas said that the reason is that the yet they do not resort to the use of the any other means”. opponents of Islam would also have sword, how sad and unfortunate it would It is a simple statement but pro- stopped religious wars. Instead he made be if we, being in the right, should think found. If a Muslim or any other follows the point that those who want to attack of taking up the sword.” (Lecture this condition to the letter, there can Islam do so with the pen. He gave the Ludhiana, pp. 36-37) be nothing but peace on this earth.‹

WINTER 2009 7 Editorial

he unfortunate them to live a life of peace, the teachings of mercifulness in incident at Fort Hood, tranquility and spiritually the Holy Quran and addressed TTX brought the name rewarding. briefly the topics of suicide of Islam to the news headlines bombings and related issues. again. A misguided, We must not and should not Specifically, we have misinformed and ignorant judge a faith by a few highlighted the message of person shot and killed innocent misguided people who claim to peace from the founder of the people, destroying the lives of be the followers of a certain Ahmadiyya Muslim Community many. What made it even more faith. We must not judge to all faiths and nations. heinous was the fact that the Christianity, for example, based person committing this act had on what took place in Ireland As part of the backlash against sworn to protect the lives of the among the Catholics and Islam some writers compile United States citizens. The very Protestants. We must not judge books bashing Islam and its people whose lives he was to Christianity by the actions of holy book. One such book is protect became his victims. the Serbs in Yugoslavia in the “The Secrets of The Koran” by What prompted him to perform recent times of Muslim Don Richardson. In the next this cruel and unjustified act cleansing of their country. We issue (Spring 2010) of Muslim remains to be seen. should judge Christianity by its Sunrise, Inshallah, we will overall teachings of mercy, address every issue brought up There are commentators who humility and the example of its by the writer in reference to the try to bring out Islam and its founder, Jesus son of Mary and teachings of the Holy Quran. It holy book, the Quran, as the his disciples. is essential in order to give the cause whenever this sort of appropriate information about incident takes place. Over the In the same manner, Islam and the teachings of Islam to the last 1400 years, billions of its book should not be judged general public. It is important human beings across the globe by the actions or so irresponsible reactions do have followed the teachings of misinterpretation of the not take place to the unfortunate the Holy Quran and the example misguided few. We have and irresponsible acts of a few of the Holy Prophet provided in this issue of the misguided people such as at Muhammadsaw. It has guided Muslim Sunrise some debate on Fort Hood, TX.

8 MuslimSunrise God is our Wali (Friend) Manifestation of God being Wali (Friend) of the pious and devout followers of Prophets of God

Summary of Friday Sermon Delivered by Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (at), the Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (respectfully and affection- ately known as “Huzur.) The sermon was delivered November 27 th, 2009.

uzur gave a discourse on the manifestation of God being Wali H of the pious and devout followers of Prophets of God in his Friday Sermon today. Huzur said that in his past few sermons he has been giving discourse on the subject of Al Wali in light of Quranic verses, explaining how God manifests being a Friend and Maula (Protector) and how indeed should a person try and become God’s friend. The highest sta- tus of a friend of God was of course granted to the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him). ‘We are your friends in this life and the Hereafter. Therein you will have all that your souls will desire, and therein you will have all that you will ask for – .’ (41:32) Huzur said the foremost recipient of this statement is the Holy ‘We are your friends in this life and the Hereafter. Therein Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on you will have all that your souls will desire, and therein him), God’s greatest beloved, the one for whom the world was created and for whom God mani- you will have all that you will ask for – .’ (41:32) Huzur fested as Al Wali from his birth to his passing said the foremost recipient of this statement is the Holy away. God thus assured him: ‘…And Allah will protect thee from men…’ (5:68) and pro- Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him), God’s tected him from all harm. During his migration greatest beloved, the one for whom the world was created to Medina while he hid in a cave with Hadhrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) he and for whom God manifested as Al Wali from his birth thus assured his companion, ‘…Grieve not, to his passing away. God thus assured him: ‘…And Allah for Allah is with us…’(9:40). Due to the power of the holiness of the will protect thee from men…’ (5:68) Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) the manifestation of God being a Wali of the debt, he should seek help of his Maula was Ahsan bin Thabit. After taking the life of believers could be seen among his followers. (Protector). Abdullah bin Zubair asked who Ahsan the enemy tried to get hold of his head When God sent the Promised Messiah (on was his Maula? The father replied, Allah. It is because a woman of the enemy had vowed to whom be peace) he too witnessed many in- related that whenever the son faced any diffi- drink alcohol in his skull because he had killed stances of God being his Wali. culty in paying off the debt, he would pray ‘O her two sons at the Battle of Uhad. However, Hadhrat Zubair’s son Abdullah bin Zubair Maula of Zubair, pay off his debt’ and the situ- a swarm of bees came in between the enemy relates that his father told him at the time of a ation would be resolved. and where Ahsan’s body lay. The enemy de- battle that his life would be taken during the Once some Companions of the Holy cided to return at night to take his body. Heavy event. He advised his son to pay off his debts Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on rain fell during night and there was flooding by selling his property and also gave specific him) were deceptively asked by people of a which swept Ahsan’s body away. After ac- other instructions. He told his son that if at tribe to provide them with religious training, cepting Islam Ahsan had pledged that he any time he would face problem in paying off but instead martyred them. One of the martyrs would never touch an idolater and also would

WINTER 2009 9 not allow an idolater to touch him. When world had completely cooled off from the heart lage had heard of his acceptance of prayer Hadhrat Umer (may Allah be pleased with him) of Hadhrat Maulana Nur-ud-din. and came to him to pray for their family mem- was informed of this incident, he said ‘God Chaudhary Allah Daad sahib once some- ber who was suffering from tuberculosis. protects believers’. Thus God protected one asked Maulana Rajiki whether it was true Maulana Rajiki’s father told him to go to the Ahsan even after death. that certain prayers bring about monetary village and pray. Immediately after Maulana Once, the Holy Prophet (peace and bless- help? He replied that yes a specific instant of Rajiki offered Salat the patient felt better. Al- ings of Allah be on him) sent some of his Com- particular spirituality can make this possible. though these people had good faith in panions on an expedition with just one bag of He said if he experienced such an instant he Ahmadiyyat they did not accept it. God in- dates for food. During the expedition the Com- would tell Chaudhary Allah Daad sahib of a formed Maulana Rajiki that the person had panions would just eat one date daily and specific prayer. Maulana Rajiki experienced been granted healing as a proof of the truth- would suck on it as they had nothing else to such a moment and wrote down the prayer fulness of Ahmadiyyat, however, if they did eat. They would soak tree leaves and eat them. that came to him and gave it to Chaudhary not accept it the person would die on a spe- They found a huge fish by the sea, as it was Allah Daad sahib advising him to always keep cific date. God so willed that the patient got carrion they decided not to eat it. They then it on his person, who promptly put it in the better but the disease attacked him again and thought that they had been sent by the Holy folds of his turban. God accepted the prayer on exactly the date foretold, he passed away. Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on in a way that he benefited from it for an entire Astonishingly his family still did not accept him), and were in a vulnerable state so they year. Somehow, he then lost the prayer and Ahmadiyyat. would eat it. The fish was so big that it lasted the sequence of the blessing came to an end. Once a man came to Hadhrat Maulana Nur- them a month. They also utilised its oil. God Hakeem Muhammad Ismail sahib relates ud-din and gave him Rupee 200 to keep as his had made this arrangement for them. After that during the circumcision of his son mis- trust for a while. Soon after another man came their return they told the Prophet (peace and takenly a blood vessel was cut and the baby and asked Hadhrat Maulana Nur-ud-din for a blessings of Allah be on him) and he said they became extremely ill. Panicking he rushed to loan of Rupee 100. He gave the man the money had done the correct thing. Huzur said thus get some medicine. Maulwi Sher Ali sahib hap- from the amount given to him earlier and put was God’s way of helping the Companions. pened to pass by. Hakeem Muhammad Ismail the receipt in the bag which contained the rest God states to those who have perfect belief in sahib told him the incident and asked for of the money and sent the bag home. Shortly, Him, abide by His taqwa and put their trust in prayers who promptly raised his hands to pray. the man who had left the money returned and Him, ‘And will provide for him from where he When the father returned home he suggested said he had changed his mind, he wanted the expects not…’ (65:4). Huzur said God fulfils that the child be given milk. The child took money back. He said he would return in an His promises to the believers in this world and milk like a healthy baby. hour to get it. When he returned Hadhrat strengthens their faith that he will indeed ful- Muhammad Hussain Jhelumi sahib relates Maulana Nur-ud-din said to him it is wrong to fil the promises made in the Hereafter as well. that when a child-less non-Ahmadi woman rely on people, I did wrong but God look how In fulfilment of His promise of ‘And among who had been married for many years heard my Maula helps. By the time the man returned others from among them who have not yet that Maulwi Sher Ali sahib was visiting he Hadhrat Maulana Nur-ud-din had got Rupee joined them…’ (62:4) God sent the Promised asked if he could get her an amulet. 100 from somewhere which he returned to the Messiah (on whom be peace) and blessed his Muhammad Hussain Jhelumi sahib said there man. followers with manifestations of Him being would be no amulet but Maulwi sahib could The Promised Messiah (on whom be their Wali. definitely be asked for prayers. A year after peace) said that God declares that whoever Dr. Idr Deen Sahib heard from someone the prayers were made the woman was blessed bears animosity with His wali is tantamount that if one wished to become a friend of God with a son. to preparing war against God. He said that (wali’ullah) one should go to Qadian. Dr. Idr Maulana Rajiki related that due to Tabligh friends of God have the tenor of children of Deen sahib wrote a letter of bai’at to the Prom- work he had been granted a spiritual condi- God. When a person opposes them God’s ised Messiah (on whom be peace). Maulana tion that his prayers gained acceptance imme- sense of honour is aroused. Friends of God Rajiki sahib relates that he would often talk diately. Once, Chaudhary Allah Daad sahib, are people who negate their self in God’s way with his friend Chaudhary Nawab Khan about who had not yet accepted Ahmadiyyat and and who forsake all personal desires and only the spiritual glories of the Promised Messiah suffered from chronic asthma spoke of his follow what is God’s will. When one opposes (on whom be peace). They once discussed helplessness over the disease. He said he had a believer such as this how could he be called that when Hadhrat Maulana Nur-ud-din was tried every possible cure but the doctors had a believer. Hurting one commissioned by God asked that he was already quite an exceptional deemed his condition incurable. Maulana can never bear good fruit. Huzur said God has person what had he gained from the bai’at of Rajiki told him that despair and belief could always manifested a sense of honour for the the Promised Messiah (on whom be peace)? not go together. He asked for some water and Promised Messiah and continues to do so but The reply was that there were many gains but seeking inspiration from the Divine quality of those who do not wish to understand this, one was that while previously he could have Al Shafi (the Healer) he prayed on the water will not. God’s connection with the Promised the blessed sighting of the Holy Prophet with deep concentration. Chaudhary Allah Messiah, with the Community prevails to this (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) in Daad sahib was perfectly cured and did not day. God demonstrates to those who turn to his sleep, after bai’at he could also experience ever suffer with asthma again. Him in complete sincerity that anyone can it while awake. He said one tremendous ben- Huzur related another incident of the ac- partake of nearness of God and become His efit of the company of the Promised Messiah ceptance of the prayers of Maulana Rajiki wali. One who sincerely looks for God is never (on whom be peace) was that the love of the where non-Ahmadi people from a nearby vil- deprived.‹

10 MuslimSunrise The Islamic Solution to World Hunger

By Shazia Sohail

hile there are many factors that contribute to poverty in the Third World the major ones food as a basic human right: one that takes creed for thee that thou shalt not hunger are easy to spot. Firstly, supremacy over all other economic and trade- therein nor shalt thou be naked. And that Wwealth is concentrated, mostly in the form of related concerns. Secondly, a mechanism for thou shalt not thirst therein, nor shalt thou land, in a few hands. Therefore efforts to voluntary and equitable re-distribution of be exposed to the sun (20:119-120).” increase agricultural production primarily wealth needs to be devised so everyone can benefit the already wealthy. Secondly, under- afford to buy the food that even now is abun- Equitable Distribution of Wealth developed countries prefer to export their dantly available in the Third World nations. While land reform and taxation are repeat- agricultural products since their own citizens Thirdly, international trade has to be managed edly suggested as solutions, no remedy is cannot afford to buy them. This is why we so the poor nations can protect the economic offered to induce the rich and the powerful to generally find that the countries where people and agricultural interests of their own popula- formulate laws to their own apparent detri- are dying of hunger are net exporters of food. tions. And finally, a comprehensive economic ment. Once again Islam provides the answer. And thirdly, the Third World landowners are blueprint needs to be devised for the uplift of The Islamic economic system is such that it moving away from producing food to the Third World populace. brings about a wide distribution of wealth commodities like coffee, tea, cotton, lumber, through admonitions, to be carried out volun- and food for livestock, that are in demand in Recognition of Food tarily, pertaining to taxation, law of inheritance, developed countries. They are stripping their as a Human Right loans, and commercial practices, along with own land of its natural resources to provide The Third World countries have for years moral exhortation. Zakat is a levy, imposed cheap raw materials to the First World. been trying to get mandatory language added upon the rich, which is spent on the welfare of on the Right to Food issue in the declarations the poorer sections of society. Inheritance, in One cannot look towards developed na- of the World Food Summit and have always Islam, must be divided in specified propor- tions to solve these problems since they are been defeated in their efforts by the devel- tion, among prescribed heirs. Each heir can incapable of asking their own citizens to lower oped nations due to the supremacy of Free only take his or her share and no heir can be their standard of living by paying higher prices Trade, a market concept that benefits the deprived of the whole or part of his or her for commodities; anyone who tries doing that wealthy. One, therefore, has to look towards share. This distribution of inheritance is em- would not get re-elected. So the Third World religion to find validation for this most natural blematic of the preference for more people countries will have to solve their problems on law. Fortunately, Islam does offer a solution. having some portion of wealth to some hav- their own. The solution would therefore com- The Holy Qur’an has unequivocally declared ing a large share. Islam prohibits collecting prise, first and foremost, the recognition of food as a human right in the words “It is de- interest on loans. Great moral excellence is

WINTER 2009 11 attributed to advancing interest-free guaranteeing here that refraining from foul ‘Trade also is like interest;’ whereas Allah loans. If the debtor is unable to comply economic practices will not make anyone has made trade lawful and made interest at the time of repayment, it is suggested poor. On the contrary, production will unlawful (2:276).” Interest is prohibited that he be granted an extension until his increase manifold when the farmers are highly because the flow of money is only in the circumstances improve, or if you remit it motivated. direction of wealth. “If you give alms openly, it is well and “Allah will abolish interest and will altogether as charity, that shall be bet- good; but if you conceal them and give cause charity to increase (2:277).” These ter for you, if only you knew (2:281). It them to the poor, it is better for you (2:272).” words encompass a prophecy that the world would help the poor countries greatly if The second component to economic uplift will one day come to realize the harm inherent aid from developed nations could be di- of a society is abundance of voluntary in interest based economics and the benefits verted to debt relief so they could break almsgiving. Giving secretly is more likely to of giving charity voluntarily. free of their prior commitments and focus preserve the dignity of the recipient, a most “Surely, those who believe and do good on making appropriate changes for their critical element in people’s emotional and deeds, and observe Prayer and pay the future. moral well being. Zakat, shall have their reward from their “And whatever of wealth you spend, it is Lord, and no fear shall come on them, nor Protecting the Interests of for yourselves, while you spend not but to shall they grieve (2:278).” Zakat is a 2.5% seek the favor of Allah. And whatever of tax set aside for social welfare, and is payable Under-Developed Nations in wealth you spend, it shall be paid back to on uninvested capital. It is one of the five International Trade you in full and you shall not be wronged pillars of Islam and is distinct from optional In the spirit of Cooperate with one (2:273).” The voluntary nature of spending almsgiving in terms of obligation. This another in good works (5:3), the Third for the good of society is reiterated. The verse, however, draws attention to the fact World nations need to assist each other promise here that their wealth will not that all the modes of worship go hand in in attaining self-sufficiency so they can diminish is the most amazing feature of this hand and the urge to pay the Zakat is rid themselves of the harmful effects of economic blueprint. enhanced by strong faith, doing of good foreign aid. However, it is imperative “These alms are for the poor who are deeds, and prayer. A society comprising of that they resolve their regional disputes detained in the cause of Allah and are such individuals would never face hunger. first. This will also reduce their unable to move about in the land. The expenditure on defense and the savings ignorant man thinks them to be free from Conclusion could be diverted to economic growth. want because of their abstaining from Aid or sporadic donations do not address The rich Muslim countries should help begging. Thou shalt know them by their the underlying causes of extreme and the poor Third World countries, appearance; they do not beg of men with debilitating poverty inflicting large irrespective of their religion, remove the importunity (2:274).” Alms are only for populations in South Asia and Sub-Saharan scourge of starvation; they could pay those who, for some reason, are confined to Africa; it is attacking the symptoms of the required 2.5% Zakat towards this a place where they cannot earn a living, like poverty only and not the root cause. Just end. This would break down barriers caregivers, teachers, or missionaries, in as the problem is caused by greed and between Muslim and non-Muslim harsh environments; or the sick, disabled, injustice at many different levels the solution countries and open further avenues for or issueless elderly. It can be extrapolated will also encompass a comprehensive, albeit mutual cooperation. from this that healthcare, disability benefits, simple, set of principles to be adhered to by and social security for the elderly could be people at all levels of society in the Third A Comprehensive paid by the state out of the charity collected World. Although aid can play some part in from its citizens. Admonition against relieving hunger in the short term, complete Economic Blueprint begging is to be found here as well; The Holy Qur’an suggests the following and permanent eradication can only be honorable mention is made of those who do brought about by a moral awakening of the principles to be observed for a healthy not beg. Thus, asking others for aid lowers economy: elite in those countries. One has to look one’s moral standing. towards religion to provide that incentive “O ye who believe! Spend of the good “Those who spend their wealth by night things that you have earned, and of what and Islam provides the most comprehensive and day, secretly and openly, have their plan in this regard.‹ We produce for you from the earth; and reward with their Lord; on them shall come seek not what is bad to spend out of it no fear, nor shall they grieve (2:275).” when you would not take it yourselves References Such moral exhortations not only foster the 1.Global Issues: Social, Political, Economic and except that you connive at it (2:268).” will to comply with the minimum legal Environmental Issues That Affect Us All http:// requirements of dissemination of resources www.globalissues.org/issue/6/world-hunger- Landowners are being admonished that but also to bring about one’s own spiritual and-poverty it is Allah Who causes the earth to and moral growth through generous and 2.World Food Summit http://www.fao.org/WFS/ produce, and they should give a good, or index_en.htm equitable spending practices based on the 3.The Gulf Crisis: The New World Order, by sizeable, portion of it to the hardworking premise that it is God Alone Who is Self- Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad farmers, as their rightful share, as opposed Sufficient and the Source of all prosperity; 4.The Holy Quran http://www.alislam.org/quran/ to pittance or alms – something they would it is men who are in need, and can achieve search2/index.php themselves be averse to accepting without prosperity, not through miserliness and compromising their dignity. holding back, but through beneficent Personal Background “Satan threatens you with poverty and spending in the service of His creatures. Shazia Sohail holds an MBA, with a concentration enjoins upon you what is foul, whereas “Those who devour interest do not rise in finance, and resides in Hillsborough, California Allah promises you forgiveness from except as rises one whom Satan has smitten with her husband and four children. She is a Himself and bounty (2:269).” God is with insanity. That is because they say: staff writer for The Muslim Sunrise.

12 MuslimSunrise Sins Against Life The Qur’an confirms the Judeo-Christian sanctions against killing of an innocent person, and states that whosoever unjustly kills a single person, it shall be as if he has slaughtered all mankind; and whosoever saves a life, it shall be as if he had protected the life of all mankind (5:32).

Mubasher Ahmad, M.A., LL.B.

“Thou shalt not kill!”. This is a fundamental commandment among the Divine laws of all the three Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Bible repeatedly reinforces the moral precept that sanctity of life cannot be desecrated. The Qur’an confirms the Judeo- Christian sanctions against killing of an innocent person, and states that whosoever unjustly kills a single person, it shall be as if he has slaugh- tered all mankind; and whosoever saves a life, it shall be as if he had protected the life of all mankind (5:32). In Hinduism and Sikhism, the same rules apply: to commit murder is a munmukh — one of the most grievous sins. According to the teachings of the Jains and the Buddhists, life is sacrosanct, not to be taken away from any, even animals and insects.

WINTER 2009 13 his servants were buried with him so that music would be played to subdue the wails they may continue to serve him in the next of the tormented parents. The famous story God’s Wrath and world. As a personal penitence, the Aztecs of Abraham’sas readiness to sacrifice his Death as Punishment offered their blood to gods by inflicting cuts own son is preserved in the Bible and the on their earlobes, lips, tongue, chest or Qur’an, but at the end, he was forbidden to However, according to some religious calves. The Maya kings would pierce even make the sacrifice, God asking him to kill an their own genitals, to safeguard their dy- animal instead. It is believed that, among scriptures, an unhappy God (or goddess) nastic rule. Other motives for such an other reasons, one of the reasons why God does not hesitate to inflict death as a offering were to avert a threatening famine stopped Abrahamas from sacrificing his son, punishment upon the rebellious. In or epidemic, to achieve victory against an was to end the heinous ritual of child kill- Hinduism, the ferocious goddess Kali is insidious enemy, or to avert the death of a ing prevalent in ancient cultures. Today, depicted trampling upon her vanquished popular leader. The methods used for hu- none of the present day religions allow the victims. The Bible and the Qur’an set man sacrifice were manifold. To count a few: gruesome practice of child sacrifice. hanging, strangling, drowning, burning, examples of the past generations that were stabbing, throat cutting, shooting with ar- Killing the Faithful destroyed by God Almighty because of their rows, and plucking the heart out of body. sinfulness. The entire earth was engulfed in The sacrificial victim could be a man or a Over the course of history, innumerable a devastating flood with the only exception woman, a slave or a free man, a priest, or men and women have been killed due to of Noahas, his family and some animals that even a new born child. In Hinduism, among their unwillingness to change their reli- could be saved on his ark. Mosesas brought some Brahman and royal castes such as the gious beliefs. Individuals, families and mi- Rajputs, the burning of a widow in the fu- nority groups have been murdered by their nine dreadful plagues upon the Egyptians, neral pyre of her husband was deemed a religious opponents; and furious battles as God’s judgment on them, for they would meritorious act. This human sacrificial rite, waged only on the basis of religious differ- not allow the Israelites to search for their known as suttee, can be traced back to the ences. Many times a staunch believer would Promised Land. The pharaoh and his army fourth century BC. Religious justification choose to die rather than to agree to con- were drowned in the Red Sea. The tribes of for this abhorrent act is not clear. Indica- vert under compulsion. Making the ultimate ‘Ad and Thamud, and the towns of Sodom tions are that most probably it was not a sacrifice for a higher and nobler cause, of- voluntary self-sacrifice on the part of the fering one’s own life willingly, especially and Gomorrah are only a few examples of Hindu widowed woman; there could be an for one’s faith, has always won tremendous complete annihilation incurred by God’s element of greed on the part of the family of respect from their co-religionists. Almost all wrath. the deceased as the prevalent inheritance religious traditions hold martyrdom to be law made her the sole beneficiary. It is also an act of courage, and as such an esteemed Human Sacrifice possible that the widow preferred to die virtue. Sincere love for beliefs, gives with her husband to avoid living an insuf- strength to a devotee to remain unwaver- In the remote past, however, humans ferable life with the family of her deceased ing, even at the cost of one’s life, property were killed by religious authorities to please husband. Whatever the cause might be, and honor. A martyr is called a ‘witness’, ( the gods, or to repay their debts. For ex- historically the practice of suttee continued martys in Greek, shaheed in Arabic), be- ample, the legends about the Aztec rituals among Indian Hindus for a very long time. cause he or she renders a testimony with describe, that their gods sacrificed them- Many Hindu thinkers and religious leaders his or her own blood for the truth. The Jews, selves to provide sustenance to the uni- spoke out passionately against this inhu- the Christians and the Muslims have had verse, and thus by self-immolation, they man tradition. The Sikh Gurus emphatically countless martyrs, men and women who helped mankind to survive and enjoy the forbade their followers to peform the sut- laid down their lives for their faith: The Jews pleasures of life. The stars, the moon, the tee, encouraging the widows to remarry. for worshipping One God alone, the Chris- earth and the crops were all sustained be- Islam also considers the suttee as a griev- tians for their faith in Christ, and the Mus- cause gods were sacrificing their own flesh ous sin. Therefore, some of the Muslim lims for making the confession of faith and blood continuously for the sake of hu- Mughal kings of India, tried to abolish this (shahada), ‘There is none to be worshipped man nourishment. Thus, it was believed custom. It was finally under the British Raj, but Allah, and Muhammadsaw is His mes- that humans owed to gods a debt-payment that the then Governor-General Lord Will- senger’. For the followers of these three called nextlahualli; and, therefore, expen- iam Bentinck, finally abolished the suttee, religions, there is a common belief, that their sive items such as grain, gold and animals declaring it illegal in India in 1829. In the patriarch Abrahamas was severely perse- were offered to gods. But no oblation could Middle East, to avert extreme hardships, the cuted by the pagans, and was thrown in a be higher in value than human blood. Of- Carthaginians practiced child sacrifice at lime kiln to be burnt to death, but was mi- fering human blood was a ritual to appease the temple of Tophet, as an offering to their raculously saved by God. The Jews take an angry god, or to give special thanks to chief god Baal Hammon and his consort, pride in their relentless spirit of martyrdom. an obliging deity. Ritual killings were prac- the chief goddess Tanit. Usually it was the For the Children of Abrahamas, life is a gift ticed in North Africa, Mesopotamia, Europe, first born child to be sacrificed on a moon- of God, not to be denied. But in Jewish his- Japan, China and the Americas. In ancient lit night. The body would roll down from tory, there have been times when mass sui- Egypt, at the death of a pharaoh, some of the arms of the god into the fire pit. Loud cide was committed under extreme circum-

14 MuslimSunrise stances. Almost a thousand Zealot Jews Vietnam’s Diem administration, by dous- is estimated that the kamikazes sank more killed themselves in the first century C.E. ing himself with gasoline and setting than 40 Allied ships, killing approximately to save themselves from falling in the himself afire at a busy Saigon road inter- 5,000 sailors. The willingness for self- hands of Roman troops at the fort of section. The Jains do not believe in sacrifice is deeply rooted in the spirit of Masada near the Dead Sea. The shock- such dramatic acts of suicide, but fast- patriotism and the desire for martyrdom. ing decision was made under the fear that ing to death is not disallowed because it However, when these patriotic and reli- captured men would be sold off as slaves is not considered as a rash or impulsive gious aspirations get blended with a and women would be compelled to be- practice. It is inviting death slowly with burning passion of personal vengeance, come prostitutes. Similarly, towards the full determination. Starving unto death in someone who has lost a close friend, end of twelfth century C.E., many Jews is condoned religiously only by the relative, or co-religionist, then such a killed themselves in York Castle in north- Terapantha, a branch of Jainism in India. person can easily be manipulated against ern England instead of being killed by the One of its spiritual leaders and scholar the real or perceived enemy to hurt oth- frenzied Christian mob of citizens of York. named Jinendra Varni, in his early eight- ers, including civilians. This tragic mix The Christian history starts with the ies, took a vow of terminal fast by opting of emotions, coupled with a promise for events related to the crucifixion of Jesusas for a slow but painless death by gradu- honor in this world, and a spiritual re- and martyrdom, of Peter and Paul. Many ally reducing his food intake. He started ward in the next life, is behind the rapid companions of Prophet Muhammadsaw his fast on April 12, 1983, and on May growth in the heinous acts of suicide were killed by the non-believers. How- 24th he passed away in peace, without any bombers. This extreme form of self-sacri- ever, it would be incorrect to assume that pangs of death. However, some politi- fice seems to be the last resort for those, death was inflicted upon the believers by cians, including Mahatama Gandhi who who become desperate by failure in the pagans alone. The Jews have killed was a Hindu by faith, practiced fasting achieving what they perceive, to be a just Christians and Muslims; the Christians as a tool of non-violent protests against cause. For instance, the Hindu Tamil mi- have slaughtered the Jews and the Mus- the injustice by the British, against the nority in Sri Lanka aspired to have their lims; and the Muslims have waged wars lower caste of Untouchables. In 1932, own separate homeland, and rebelled against the Jews and the Christians. while imprisoned by the British, he en- against the majority ethnic group of Bud- Moreover, the Catholics and the Protes- tered in his famous “fast unto death,” dhist Sinhalese. In 1983 they began the tants, and the Sunnis and the Shiites have which proved an effective measure to fight for their independence. After years also bitterly persecuted each others. Simi- achieve political gains, because the fear of desperate attempts to gain freedom, larly, the Hindu-Muslim, Hindu-Sikh and was that his death would cause a bloody the Hindu Tamil rebels started suicidal Sikh-Muslim violent conflicts are not un- revolution in India. bombings, many times conducted by common. Sikh Gurus were killed by the women. It is comparatively easy for a Muslim Mughal kings. Suicidal Killings by the Faithful woman to hide the explosives by strap- ping them around her abdomen, pretend- Self-immolation Towards the end of World War II, out ing to be pregnant with a child. It is also of sheer frustration and fear of defeat, possible that some women wanted to re- Usually a person is honored as a mar- the Japanese kamikaze pilots started de- deem themselves from the consequences tyr, when killed by some oppressive reli- liberate suicidal attacks by crashing their of a sin committed in the past. In 1991, gious antagonist. But there are occasions fighter airplanes directly into the Allied when it was feared that India was ready when self-immolation brings the distinc- ships. This tactic was used to stop or to invade Sri Lanka, a Tamil Hindu woman tive honor of martyrdom to the faithful. slow down the Allied advance towards by the name of Dhanu, killed the Indian To kill oneself in protest against a repres- Japan. The suicidal pilots flew their Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and many sive force is deemed as a demonstration aircrafts laden with bombs, explosives others by blowing herself up in a public of commendable bravery. For Buddhists, and full fuel tanks. Every hit was a loss meeting. A day prior to committing sui- for example, destruction of life, includ- of one life, but it played havoc in the cide, Dhanu and her co-conspirators had ing one’s own, is prohibited, yet honor enemy ranks. Hundreds of crewmembers prayed at a temple for the success of their suicide is practiced at times. Some Bud- were killed and injured, along with expen- plan to kill Rajiv Gandhi; as her sacrifice dhist monks have burned themselves to sive warships that were sunk or crippled was to serve the cause of her people, she death to protest the Buddhists’ persecu- by the attacks, and the kamikazes became must be fully convinced that gods were tion by tyrannical regimes. To protest instant heroes. One Japanese air-force on her side, and after her death her worth against the mistreatment of the Buddhists captain, Masafumi Arima, is credited with would increase. Another Tamil woman by the communists in China, a Buddhist inventing the suicidal attack when his killed nine persons by blowing herself up monk killed himself in 1948, by sitting in fighter plane hit the aircraft carrier USS in a bomb explosion on February 7, 1998. a lotus position on a mixture of sawdust Franklin, on October 15, 1944. He was Next year, again a woman blasted four men and soybean oil and setting it on flames. posthumously promoted to the rank of by detonating explosives wrapped Another such incident was the well-pub- Admiral by the Japanese High Command. around her body. Similarly, some Kurdish licized self-immolation of Monk Thich Another kamikaze was young Ensign women have carried out suicide bomb- Quang Duc. In 1963 he committed suicide Kiyoshi Ogawa who hit USS Banker Hill ings against Turkish soldiers. Such acts to protest against the policies of South on May 11, 1945, killing 372 crewmen. It are seen and propagated as “heroic” by

WINTER 2009 15 The Prophet of Islam condemned suicide in the strongest terms possible by saying: “Whoever kills himself with an iron tool, then his tool will be in his hand and he will be stabbing himself with it in the Fire of Hell, forever and ever.” And, “Whoever kills himself with poison, then his poison will be in his hand and he will keep taking it in the Fire of Hell, forever and ever. Whoever kills himself by jumping off a cliff, will keep falling in the Fire of Hell, forever and ever.” (Bukhari and Muslim)

others, and to enlist willing volunteers, and Pakistan, Muslims are killing Mus- without going through the due process becomes easy for the organizations lims by blowing themselves up. The as- of law is a murder, an abomination. In that encourage and prepare them to die sassination on December 27, 2007, of Islam, any one who commits suicide for their cause. Muslim women who Pakistan’s former Prime Minister, Ms. does not deserve a ritual funeral carry out suicidal bombings are most Benazir Bhutto, was apparently for po- prayer. The Prophet of Islam con- certainly made to believe that their litical reasons, and internationally demned suicide in the strongest terms death would instantly bestow upon condemned. Initially the details of the possible by saying: “Whoever kills them the status of a shaheed, a martyr, attack were not clear, but later a Scot- himself with an iron tool, then his tool and they would be in the company of land Yard investigation report stated will be in his hand and he will be stab- the saints and the prophets of Allah. that she died, when the attacker deto- bing himself with it in the Fire of Hell, The first Muslim woman to carry out a nated a powerful suicide bomb while forever and ever.” And, “Whoever kills suicide attack was Sana’a Mehaidli, she was waving to her supporters, and himself with poison, then his poison who killed 2 Israeli soldiers and injured its force slammed her head against an will be in his hand and he will keep tak- two more in Lebanon by killing herself escape hatch on her SUV. She was vo- ing it in the Fire of Hell, forever and through a vehicle explosion on April cal against the terrorist activities of ever. Whoever kills himself by jump- 9, 1985. Another Muslim woman was the extremist groups. Pakistan’s gov- ing off a cliff, will keep falling in the Hanadi Jaradat, who killed 21 people ernment suspected that the assassina- Fire of Hell, forever and ever”, in Haifa in October 2004, by blowing tion was carried out by the function- (Bukhari and Muslim). Thus, sui- herself up in a family restaurant. Her aries of Waziristan’s Baitullah cidal murder is sin upon sin. Commit- brother and her fiancé, were both killed Mehsood, who supported the Taliban ting two grave sins together cannot be by the Israeli forces, therefore, to and al-Qa’eda. The Taliban and al- considered an act of religious merit. In- avenge their deaths by killing Israeli Qa’eda leadership claims to be staunch deed the Qur’an says, “And kill not civilians might have appeared justified Muslims, but their involvement in sui- yourselves. Surely, Allah is Merciful in her mind. Suicidal killings among cidal bombings and killing innocent ci- towards you; but whosoever does that Muslims have reached the extremes; vilians, is a complete perversion of by way of transgression and injustice, the mayhem has become almost an ev- Islam’s teachings. Suicide in Islam is We shall cast him into Fire, and that is eryday occurring. In Iraq, Afghanistan an unforgivable sin, and to kill anyone easy for Allah”, (4:29-30).‹

16 MuslimSunrise Does Islam condone suicide bombing? Sadar Anees Ahmad The Washington Times recently reported that the Taliban are buying children, as young as 7 years of age and at prices ranging from $7,000 - $14,000, to serve as suicide bombers. Suicide attacks, as shocking and horrifying as they are, become an even more warped phenomenon when religion is used for their justifi- cation. How can Islam, a religion which literally bears the name ‘peace,’ condone suicide terrorism? Still, however few, Muslims are guilty respected conservative mouthpiece First, suicide bombing is not solely, of too many suicide attacks. The argument Policy Review, an enlightening piece en- nor predominantly, a Muslim phenom- that Muslim suicide terrorists are unedu- titled “Religion and Economic Develop- enon. In the modern era, suicide bomb- cated is a myth – the majority is well edu- ment” argues that economic instability ing gained prominence with efforts of cated. Pape notes that religion, while not provides fertile ground for the birth of the predominantly Hindu ‘Tamil Tiger’ the primary factor in motivating terrorism, suicide terrorists. Today, despite its grip Liberation movement in Sri Lanka. Prof. is still a factor. The occupied party on oil, the Muslim world’s combined GDP Robert Pape of University of Chicago, oftentimes exploits religious differences is less than that of Germany. Coupled with an authority on terrorism, considers the with that of the occupier to legitimize its a largely non-existent political process, Tigers the “leading instigator” of sui- cause. suicide terrorism is the last resort to anni- cide terrorism. In his book “Dying to So does Islam condone suicide terror- hilate a system the terrorist feels alien- Win,” Pape notes that Muslims are ism? No. ated from. guilty for less than half of all suicide at- The Qur’an clearly states, “And cast not But if Islam condemns suicide terror- tacks. Furthermore, 30% of Muslim sui- yourselves into ruin with your own hands” ism, how can terrorists carry out suicide cide attacks are secularly motivated. (2:196); “And kill not your own selves” attacks in the name of Islam? The inspira- Pape concludes that it is not religion, (4:30). Prophet Muhammad declared that in- tion for the modern day suicide terrorist but nationalism which spurs this last tentionally killing oneself is tantamount to is Ayman al-Zawahiri, the #2 man for Al- resort effort to liberate one’s country: damnation and ordered his followers to Qaeda. As Lawrence Wright notes, “Every suicide terrorist campaign since never long for death (Bukhari). Once, fol- Zawahiri argues that the Muslim world’s 1980 has had as its central objective to lowing a battle, a Muslim was lauding the situation is so precarious that exceptions compel a democratic state to withdraw efforts of a man who had fought most regarding suicide must be made. Zawahiri combat forces from territory that the ter- bravely for the Muslims. On hearing this, has also misquoted and distorted certain rorists prize … Absent (foreign occupa- Muhammad replied, “Indeed, he is amongst instances of early Muslims in battle to tion), we rarely see suicide terrorism.” the people of the (Hell) Fire.” It was later validate suicide attacks. With misguided Indeed, the Tamil Tigers are a national- discovered that the brave man was dreams of rewards that await martyrs in ist, not a religious, terrorist outfit. wounded in battle and drove his sword into the afterlife, Wright observes that the sui- Lawrence Wright, author of the Pulitzer his chest, taking his own life (Bukhari). cide terrorist’s mentality is not to kill, but Prize winning book on 9/11 “The Loom- Still, why do well educated, affluent to die. It is as Friedrich Nietzsche ob- ing Tower,” agrees with Pape’s core ar- Muslims become suicide bombers if Islam served, “Madness is the exception in in- gument. categorically forbids such behavior? In the dividuals but the rule in groups.”

WINTER 2009 17 The Paradox of War: Compassion of the Holy ProphetSAW Aisha Husain Ahmad “War” invokes images of guns, bloodshed, and the inseparable sense of fear and terror it so casually casts upon its victims. The shattered environment is shrouded with hostility and an instinctual drive for self-preservation that chokes out kindness and compassion, especially at the frontlines. However, in Islam, compassion is Even when he was fighting in his own defense, given life as one of the Holy ProphetSAW was always sensitive to the the most central and enemy’s side. He stated that the enemy should basic principles. sustain the least possible losses. The Holy Qur’an states, matter, there is no better example than that of Baqarah, verse 190, the Holy Qur’an states, the Holy ProphetSAW. “And fight in the cause of Allah against those “And we pointed out the two who fight against you, but do not transgress. highways of good and evil. But he A hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr Surely, Allah loves not the transgessors.” The attempted not the steep ascent. And ibn al-AsRA says, “The Merciful One has verses continue on to state that fighting is what should make thee know what compassion on those who are compassionate. only allowed between parties of combatants; the steep ascent is? It is the freeing of If you show compassion to those who are on no assaults on individuals are allowed. If the a slave, or feeding on a day of hunger, earth, He Who is in Heaven will show enemy desists, then you must desist as well, compassion to you” (Abu Dawud). and then forgive and forget. The Holy an orphan near of kin, or a poor man If the purpose of all humans is to acquire ProphetSAW always followed these directives, lying in the dust. Then, he should the attributes of Allah, then humans must and he himself laid down very specific have been one of those who believe show compassion and mercy to others. Time instructions regarding rules of engagement and exhort one another to and time again we are reminded of how merciful, during war. perseverance and exhort one another compassionate, and forgiving Allah is. The The greatest beauty in these practices was Holy ProphetSAW was the immaculate human that peace was always kept in view. The per- to mercy.” Chapter 90: 11-18 manifestation of these attributes in times of secution that the Holy ProphetSAW faced in both, peace and war. It is easy to be kind and his time is well known to all, Muslims and non- uslims are not allowed to put compassionate in times of peace. In turbulent Muslims alike. Even when he was fighting in this principle on hold in times of circumstances, these traits are harder to his own defense, the Holy ProphetSAW was al- war and strife. Even in times of exhibit. War itself is not an ideal solution ways sensitive to the enemy’s side. He stated war, we must exercise restraint according to Islam. The word “jihad” literally that the enemy should sustain the least pos- Mand compassion to everyone around us, means “struggle.” This could entail a myriad sible losses. He also stated that there should including our enemies. For guidance on this of things, not just brutal warfare. In Surah Al- be no mutilation of the enemy’s dead, which

18 MuslimSunrise was a practice to humiliate the opposition in non-believers. It does not give a license to kill the pre-Islamic period known as Jahiliyyah, and maim senselessly. Blind are they to the or Ignorance. Children, women, the sick and Today’s so-called Muslims reasons behind these directives; blind are they the elderly should be spared hostilities and who are fighting a “jihad” to the fact that the Holy Qur’an states that war the civilian population should not be op- should be avoided. However, Islam is an orga- pressed. If prisoners are taken, they should be are blatantly going against nized and brilliant religion that has guidelines kept in comfort, not tortured. These are only a these directives laid down by for every situation. If the situation for war few of the practices that were outlined by the arises, then Islam has strict instructions that SAW Holy ProphetSAW, but they were all designed to the Holy Prophet . They insure the least amount of damage to both par- reduce the inherent evil nature of war. The Holy have turned their back on the ties. The condition for war is severe persecu- ProphetSAW believed so strongly in these con- tion to the point that practicing one’s faith is ditions that he stated that if anyone was not true and pure teachings and impossible. Only then are Muslims allowed to willing to honor them, then he would be fight- have forgotten what the con- take up arms, and lay them down when the ing solely for himself, and not for Allah.2 enemy desists and freedom of religion is re- Compassion demands patience, and cept of true jihad really is. It stored.4 more so in times of war. Acting in fury and is a struggle to bring the word When these extremists are kidnapping and temper is not conducive to acts of compas- beheading innocent people, how could they sion and kindness. That is one reason that of Allah to the non-believers. possibly be walking in the path of the Holy anger is forbidden in Islam; it clouds the sense It does not give a license to ProphetSAW? Critics of Islam state that Mus- and warps thinking to the point that regret- lims are commanded to fight infidels at any table actions are committed. The Promised kill and maim senselessly. cost. However, history bears out that both, MessiahAS, in his book The British Govern- Judaism and Christianity, have had their share ment and Jihad, states, “Despite being brave of senseless slaughters – sometimes against warriors of stout heart, and despite being per- each other. As Muslims, we understand that secuted, bloodied with spears and seeing their tured and made to beg for food and essentials. we cannot blame Judaism and Christianity for children killed, they [, the companions of the The Holy ProphetSAW changed this. A hadith the misconduct of various Jews and Christians Holy ProphetSAW,] did not retaliate.” The Holy states that Muslims should care more for the at various times of history. We would not want ProphetSAW urged his companions to be pa- comfort of their prisoners than their own com- to be guilty of the same ignorance that has tient and “anyone begging to retaliate was fort. Prisoners must be fed and clothed. He been imposed against us. This is a time for stopped and told: ‘I have been commanded to also stated that closely related prisoners must righteous Muslims to express compassion and be patient.’ Until the commandment to retali- be placed together. Provision is also made in patience to those who simply do not under- ate descended from Heaven, the Holy case a prisoner is mistreated; that prisoner must stand Islam. ProphetSAW always preached forbearance and be released without any ransom required. Islam is the only religion that mandates tolerance.”3 After the Battle of Badr, some prisoners compassion and kindness even in times of war. Just think what could have happened if were executed for crimes they had previously War typically involves a no-holds barred men- patience had not been exercised! It would have committed in Mecca. The others were given tality. But Islam offers so many conditions that made an already dire situation worse. When the option of either converting to Islam or buy- must be met in order to minimize the evil im- one fights for revenge rather than self-defense, ing their freedom by paying their ransom. The pact of war. It is well-documented that com- innocent people tend to pay the price. It is act of freeing prisoners was in itself a righ- batants offered themselves up for capture be- unfortunate that today’s world portrays Islam teous act, a way to absolve one’s sins. If dur- cause of the Holy Prophet’sSAW compassion as a war-hungry religion, with all Muslims ea- ing fighting, the enemy wants to make a study and mercy towards prisoners, rather than die gerly awaiting opportune moments to wage of Islam, the Holy Qur’an states that, “And if on the battlefield in accordance with the Arab jihad. Nothing is further from the truth. any of the idolaters ask protection of thee, grant customs of chivalry. May Allah grant us all the Muslims are commanded in the Qur’an to him protection so that he may hear the word of capacity for this level of compassion, so that adopt the path of peace even when it appears Allah: then convey him to his place of secu- the hearts of our enemies may soften and the against their interests. They are directed to ac- rity. That is because they are a people who truth and light of Islam and the Holy ProphetSAW cept any peace offer, even when they suspect have no knowledge.” (Chapter 9: Verse 6). As prevail.‹ it to be a ruse. They are directed to make their stated earlier, a prisoner could become free by enemy see the fallacies of war. If there must be paying his own ransom. If, however, this was war, then it is only to be fought to the extent of not possible, then the prisoner could work and References bringing about peace, not for the sole purpose thus earn the money for his ransom, if he of killing. Unfortunately, if enemy lives are un- proves his competency.2 1. The Holy Qur’an with English Short necessarily taken, so are the opportunities for Today’s so-called Muslims who are Commentary those souls to have been exposed to the beau- fighting a “jihad” are blatantly going against 2. Life of Muhammad by Hadhrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad ties of Islam and the possibility that they might these directives laid down by the Holy 3. The British Government and Jihad by have been guided onto the Right Path in the ProphetSAW. They have turned their back on Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad future.2 Islam does not take this lightly. the true and pure teachings and have forgot- 4. The Holy Prophet of Islam: Hadrat In the pre-Islamic era, those prison- ten what the concept of true jihad really is. It is Muhammad Mustafa by Dr. Karimullah ers that were not killed upon capture were tor- a struggle to bring the word of Allah to the Zirvi

WINTER 2009 19 at the same time? The answer might be an Muslim sovereign who deals with them with affirmative from those scholars and journalists justice and equity, should take up arms against who possess only a partial knowledge of the him as rebels”. After permitting Muslims to War Holy Qur’an and have a limited understanding fight a defensive war, Allah commands them to of Islam’s early history. The same question keep their response proportional to injustices will be answered with a resounding ‘no’ from committed against them as said in the Qur’an, those who possess a holistic understanding “And fight in the cause of Allah against those of the Holy Qur’an and are aware of the who fight against you, but do not transgress. Verses historical circumstances in which it was Surely, Allah loves not the transgressors”, revealed. (2: 191). The next couple of verses of the Holy The Holy Qur’an does not permit violence. Qur’an permit Muslims to kill the enemy when However, it does permit a just war. What is a the war has broken out; but once the enemy just war? Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas has been subdued or freedom of conscience defines a just war as follows: War undertaken has been restored, then war must come to an of the in self defense,(1). War undertaken as end. In other words, when Muslims are in the chastisement for aggression and,(2). War position to dictate the terms of war, they must undertaken for the establishment of freedom choose peace.”And kill them wherever you of conscience (3). In addition to laying down meet them and drive them out from where they the principles of a just war, the Holy Qur’an have driven you out; for persecution is worse Holy describes the responsibilities of Muslims in than killing. And fight them not in, and near, the time of war and the reward they deserve for the Sacred Mosque until they fight you therein. endangering and sacrificing their lives for a But if they fight you, then fight them: such is just cause. For example, some verses of the the requital for the disbelievers”, (2: Holy Qur’an, (1). implore Muslims not to be 192).”But if they desist, then surely Allah is coward & fight with conviction and (2). promise Most Forgiving, Merciful”, (2:193). Qur’an them a reward for fighting with bravery. Again, “And fight them until there is no not taken in true context, such verses of the persecution, and religion is freely professed Holy Qur’an might appear to present Islam in for Allah. But if they desist, then remember Does the Holy Qur’an a negative light. that no hostility is allowed except against the contradict itself by aggressors”, (2: 194). In another place, the Holy Qur’an & the Permission of Holy Qur’an also instructs Muslims as to how preaching peace and they must treat prisoners of war. They must Defensive Wars not be humiliated or killed; instead they should condoning “violence” be released as a good gesture or for ransom at the same time? Following are the first two verses which after the aggressor has been defeated. “And gave Muslims the permission to take up arms when you meet in regular battle those who By Atif Munawar Mir in self-defense.”Permission to fight is given disbelieve, smite their necks; and, when you to those against whom war is made, because have overcome them, bind fast the fetters — he Holy Qur’an promotes peace, they have been wronged — and Allah indeed then afterwards either release them as a favour condemns violence and considers has power to help them — Those who have or by taking ransom — until the war lays all forms of life sacred. It been driven out from their homes unjustly down its burdens. That is the ordinance. And T emphasizes: “…and that you kill only because they said, ‘Our Lord is Allah’ — if Allah had so pleased, He could have not the life which Allah has made sacred, And if Allah did not repel some men by means punished them Himself, but He has willed that save by right. That is what He has enjoined of others, there would surely have been pulled He may try some of you by others. And those upon you, that you may understand”, down cloisters and churches and synagogues who are killed in the way of Allah — He will (6:152). The Holy Qur’an also states:”We and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft never render their works vain”, (47:5). prescribed for the children of Israel that commemorated. And Allah will surely help whosoever killed a person – unless it be for one who helps Him. Allah is indeed Powerful, Holy Qur’an & Waging of War for killing a person or for creating disorder in Mighty”, (22:40-41). These verses were the land – it shall be as if he killed all revealed before the Battle of Badr, when the Sake of Freedom of mankind,” (5:33). Muslims were numerically inferior to Meccans Conscience If the Holy Qur’an declares human life and had fewer horses, camels and weapons. sacred, then why do some verses of the Holy According to these verses, Muslims are The protection of human life and freedom Qur’an permit “violence?” For example, the permitted to wage a defensive war if they have of belief is absolutely essential to human Holy Qur’an says:”Therefore, when ye meet been wronged or driven out of their homes dignity in Islam. According to the Holy Qur’an: the unbelievers (in fight), smite at their unjustly, on account of their belief. Hadhrat “There should be no compulsion in religion. necks. At length, when ye have thoroughly Mirza Ghulam Ahmadas explains: “It should Surely, right has become distinct from subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): also be remembered that Islam permits the wrong…” (2:257).The following verse thereafter, (is time for) either generosity or taking up of the sword only in opposition to clearly establishes that freedom of conscience ransom, until the war lays down its people who themselves take it up first and it is granted to all religions. Burning of churches burdens...” (47:5). permits the slaughter only of those who embark or synagogues is not condoned by the Holy Does the Holy Qur’an contradict itself by upon slaughter first. It does not lay down that Qur’an. On the contrary, the next verse makes preaching peace and condoning “violence” Muslims, while they are the subjects of a non- it incumbent upon Muslim states to protect

20 MuslimSunrise The Holy Qur’an permits Muslims to wage war in order to chastise aggressors. It seems to identify three types of aggressors: Parties that transgress, Parties that are hostile and constantly plan the extermination of Muslims and, Parties that don’t abide by any covenant. the religious minorities living in their Allah. But if they desist, then surely Allah aggressors: (1). Parties that transgress, (2). jurisdictions: “Those who have been driven is Watchful of what they do”, (8: 40). Parties that are hostile and constantly plan out from their homes unjustly only because Elsewhere it says, “And fight them until the extermination of Muslims and, (3). they said, ‘Our Lord is Allah’ — And if there is no persecution, and religion is Parties that don’t abide by any Allah did not repel some men by means of freely professed for Allah. But if they desist, covenant.The first type of aggressors are others, there would surely have been then remember that no hostility is allowed parties which endanger peace. “And if two pulled down cloisters and churches and except against the aggressors”, (2: 194). parties of believers fight against each other, synagogues and mosques, wherein the make peace between them; then if after name of Allah is oft commemorated. And Holy Qur’an & the Waging of that one of them transgresses against the Allah will surely help one who helps Him. other, fight the party that transgresses Allah is indeed Powerful, Mighty”,(22:41). War to Chastise An Aggressor until it returns to the command of Allah. Once war has broken out, Allah commands Then if it returns, make peace between Muslims to fight until the freedom of The Holy Qur’an permits Muslims to them with equity, and act justly. Verily, conscience has been restored as the Holy wage war in order to chastise aggressors. Allah loves the just”, (49: 10). This verse, Qur’an says: “And fight them until there is It seems to identify three types of along with the ones discussed above, no persecution and religion is wholly for clearly establishes that Allah dislikes

WINTER 2009 21 aggression whatever the faith of the believers.”, (9: 13). According to Hazrat Holy Qur’an & Reward for Those perpetrator or the victim. Khalifatul Masih Khalifatul Masih II, these three verses who Fight II acknowledges that while this verse clearly explain as to why Muslims were primarily “deals with the settlement of commanded to wage war against the disputes between Muslim parties, it Meccan idolaters. The reasons for waging Armies reward soldiers who have fought equally embodies a sound basis on which war against them are as follows: (1) They bravely in war with medals. Allah, of course, a really effective League of Nations or a were treacherous and perfidious; they doesn’t issue medals but promises a great reward United Nations Organization can be built. professed to be friendly to Muslims, but to those who die in a war of just cause. “Let those The verse lays down a sound principle for as soon as they found an opportunity to then fight in the cause of Allah who would sell the the maintenance of international peace.” injure them, they broke their oaths. (2) present life for the Hereafter. And whoso fights in The second type of aggressor refers to They disregarded even the ties of the cause of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, those parties which are hostile to the relationship and slew their own kinsmen We shall soon give him a great reward”, (4: Muslim state and are constantly plotting merely because the latter had embraced 75).”Surely, Allah has purchased of the believers against it for its extermination. According Islam. (3) Their object in making war was their persons and their property in return for the to Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II the Holy Qur’an to prevent men from embracing Islam. (4) Garden they shall have; they fight in the cause of is discussing such a party in its following They attacked Muslims first. Allah, and they slay and are slain — a promise that He has made incumbent on Himself in the verse:”Fight those from among the People Holy Qu’ran & Fight for Just of the Book who believe not in Allah, nor Torah, and the Gospel, and the Qur’an. And who in the Last Day, nor hold as unlawful Cause with Conviction is more faithful to his promise than Allah? Rejoice, then, in your bargain which you have made with what Allah and His Messenger have It is clear that a war of just cause must Him; and that it is which is the supreme triumph”, declared to be unlawful, nor follow the be waged and thus such a war becomes (9: 111). true religion, until they pay the tax with incumbent upon every Muslim to fight with their own hand and acknowledge their conviction, bravery and valor, as the existence It is true that more than a few Muslims have subjection”, (9: 29). He comments that, of Muslim community, its freedom of justified their terrorist actions by invoking the “The verse refers to those people of Book conscience and/or international justice are at “violent” verses of the Holy Qur’an. But as who lived in Arabia. Like the idolaters, stake. That is why the Holy Qur’an makes the discussed above, these verses are anything but they too had been actively hostile to Islam participation in a just war mandatory and violent when understood in their textual and and had planned and plotted to exterminate calls upon all Muslims to carry out their historical context. The murderous actions of a it. Muslims were, therefore, ordered to duties with bravery, unless they have good terrorist are often driven by utter despair, complete fight them unless they agreed to live as reason to do otherwise. The Holy Qur’an hatred and/or political aims; all this baggage is loyal and peaceful subjects. The Jizyah states:”And what is the matter with you that often cloaked under the verses of the Holy Qur’an. was a tax which these non-Muslims had to you fight not in the cause of Allah and of the The Qur’an cites “the past to show that those who pay as free subjects of the Muslim state in weak — men, women and children — who perpetuate brutality in religion’s name are either return for protection they enjoyed under say, ‘Our Lord, take us out of this town, anti-religious or people whose religion has been it. It may be noted that as against Jizyah whose people are oppressors, and make for corrupted. There are also religious leaders who which was imposed on non-Muslims, a us some friend from Thyself, and make for us have no warmth, compassion, mercy or much heavier tax – Zakat was levied on from Thyself some helper?”, (4: 76).”If you piety…they are hypocrites with a lust for power the Muslims and in addition to Zakat they do not go forth to fight, He will punish you – cruelty is their ruling passion. It would be a great had to perform military service from which with a painful punishment, and will choose mistake to associate religion with the misdeeds of non-Muslims were exempt. Thus the latter in your stead a people other than you, and such men.” The Holy Qur’an does not preach war. in a way fared better, for they had to pay you shall do Him no harm at all. And Allah It discourages it but acknowledges that war is a a lighter tax and were also free from military has full power over all things”, (9: part of human condition and therefore prescribes duty…” . The third type of aggressor is 39).”Verily, Allah loves those who fight in rules and regulations of war. The Qur’anic verses that party which breaks a treaty or His cause arrayed in solid ranks, as though that deal with war and “violence” are guidelines covenant. About such an aggressor, the they were a strong structure cemented with against which Muslims are to determine what a Holy Qur’an says,”They observe not any molten lead”, (61: 5).”O ye who believe! just war is and, are strengthening verses that urge tie of relationship or covenant in respect fight such of the disbelievers as are near to Muslims to fight courageously, once war becomes of anyone who trusts them. And it is they you and let them find hardness in you; and inevitable, and promises them a reward for who are transgressors”, (9:10). It know that Allah is with the righteous”, (9: sacrificing and endangering their lives to protect continues to say: “And if they break their 123).”There is no blame on the blind, nor is their faith and to punish the aggressor. oaths after their covenant, and attack there blame on the lame, nor is there blame your religion, then fight these leaders of on the sick, if they go not forth for fight. And disbelief — surely, they have no regard whoso obeys Allah and His Messenger, He Ahmad, Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam, “Jihad with the Sword” for their oaths — that they may desist”, will make him enter the Gardens beneath Essence of Islam, Volume II, 2004 Edition p. 328 Ibid, (9: 12). Furthermore: “Will you not fight which streams flow; but whoso turns his p. 324 The Holy Quran, English Translation and a people who have broken their oaths, back, him will He punish with a grievous Commentary, Edited by Malik Ghulam Farid, First and who plotted to turn out the punishment”, (48: 18). One of the Edition, 1969., p. 1104 Ibid, p. 402 Ibid, p. 397 Ahmad, Messenger, and they were the first to purposes of these verses of the Holy Mirza Tahir, “Religion Drips with Blood” in Murder in commence hostilities against you? Do Qur’an, is the same as Winston Churchill’s the Name of Allah, 2001 Edition, p. 2 you fear them? Nay, Allah is most worthy speeches in World War II: to inspire that you should fear Him, if you are soldiers to fight aggressive forces.

22 MuslimSunrise faculties, that fill his heart with mercy for the people around him. In order for one to devote one’s life to the good of mankind, it is imperative that one is motivated to do so. One attains this state through worship. Mercy: The As one draws closer to God, He directs his attention back to the people around him. This process continues to get more and more intense with repetition till a state is achieved regarding which the Qur’an says, Most Divine ‘Then he drew nearer to God, then he came down to mankind’, (53:9).’ Drawing nearer to God is a journey that is facilitated by the Merciful God Himself. When a person starts his path towards God with a clean Attribute in heart, God overlooks and forgives his faults, and guides him toward greater opportuni- ties for doing good. Nothing attracts His forgiveness and mercy faster than an act of kindness and forgiveness on the part of the Holy man. ‘And if you overlook and forgive and pardon, then surely, Allah is Most Forgiv- ing, Merciful’, (64:15). Man is helped along Mercy for Mankind the path of kindness and mercy by God Him- self who encourages him as He says, Qur’an The Holy Qur’an is unequivocal in its ‘Whoso does a good deed shall have ten assertion, that a nation can claim superiority times as much; but he who does an evil over others so long as it can claim to be a deed, shall have only a like reward; and By Shazia Sohail source of continuous and abundant benefit they shall not be wronged’, (6:161). One to them, as is said in, ‘You are the best receives greater ability to do good by dis- hen a Muslim people raised for the good of mankind ciplining oneself through the various decides to live his (3:111 ).’ This doing of good progresses modes of worship. Besides receiving suc- life according to outwards in concentric circles, with the cor from God Almighty, one starts to enjoy Islamic teachings, individual being in the center. The closest more benefits that nature, as created by God, the mosaic of his circle is that of close family members, next rewards him for his efforts. The five daily lifeWW starts to reflect daily decisions based are the extended family, then one’s prayers, when performed in exact accor- on the Will of Allah, as described in the neighbors and associates, the dance with Divine direction, impart personal Holy Qur’an. This is made possible by its disenfranchised, complete strangers, and assets like cleanliness, good mental and daily recitation, followed by deep then anyone that one has the ability to help. physical health, punctuality and orderli- reflection upon the various verses Thus the Holy Qur’an states: ness. Fasting improves and regulates one’s contained in it. These verses have ‘Worship Allah and associate naught eating habits and facilitates weight control. been referred to, time and again, as the with Him, and be benevolent towards par- Charity improves the quality of the envi- Signs of Allah. They are so and multi- ents, and kindred, and orphans, and the ronment and society one lives in. There- faceted in meaning, that the person who needy, and the neighbor who is near and fore, God’s rewards are attracted in accor- is in tune to God’s presence in his life, the neighbor who is far, and your associ- dance with one’s wishes, as the Qur’an will find guidance in them for his daily ates, and the wayfarer, and those who are says, ‘And whoever desires the reward of affairs and concerns. In this way God under your control’, (4:37). the present world, We will give him thereof; Almighty, out of His attribute of This verse is so comprehensive that in and whoever desires the reward of the life infinite Mercy, guides the spiritual and effect, a Muslim has been enjoined to in- to come, We will give him thereof ‘,(3:146). physical growth of man, so he can be a clude the entire mankind in the scope of his Some of the moral values mentioned in the source of mercy to people around him. mercy. Holy Qur’an, are chastity, honesty, humil- When a man exhibits this growth to ity, refraining from inflicting pain, courtesy, perfection, he becomes a source of Mercy for Self forbearance, equity, benevolence, gracious- mercy to all. Thus God Almighty ness as between kindred, truthfulness, addresses Prophet Muhammad (peace The first part of verse 4:37, ‘Worship steadfastness, and sympathy for mankind. be upon him) in these words: ‘And We Allah and associate naught with Him’, lib- Even though their practice directly affects have sent thee not but as a Mercy for erates man from all worldly considerations, fellow beings, it just as directly serves to all peoples’, (21:108). so he is free to develop those parts of his enhance one’s spirituality i.e. his relation-

WINTER 2009 23 ship with God, and becomes a source of share in inheritance.2 One cannot deprive religions. The guiding principle is, ‘Verily, peace and contentment for oneself. This is the rightful heirs of more than one third of Allah enjoins justice, and the doing of good how peace travels outwards from the cen- one’s wealth by will.3 Where there is abun- to others; and giving like kindred’, ter of a social circle. dant wealth it is suggested that one should (16:91). Justice is the minimum level of recognize the share of deserving relatives goodness, one owes to a fellow human. It Mercy for Family and the poor as well, (51:20). This system behoves a seeker after Allah’s Mercy, to go of equitable distribution of wealth, com- a step further and return an act with one The primary area of operation of a Mus- bined with Zakat, a mandatory tax on wealth that is better; but the highest moral con- lim is his home where he defines his hu- for social welfare4, and prohibition of inter- duct is to treat others with the same gra- manity by virtue of the various roles he est5, is a powerful mechanism to ensure ciousness as a mother would treat her own social justice and economic stability. child.

Mercy for the Orphan Mercy for the Associate and the Needy A ‘companion by your side’ could be Everyday children are left orphans due one’s spouse, colleague, trade partner, or to accidents, murders, disease, or natural comrade on a journey. God enjoins a Mus- disasters. Such children find themselves lim to be kind and forbearing towards one’s at the mercy of guardians who become re- associates and appreciate whatever good sponsible for safeguarding their property. qualities he finds in them. Even when he is God enjoins, ‘And come not near the prop- wont to judge them harshly, he should re- erty of the orphan, except in the best way, member that there may be some good in them until he attains his maturity, and fulfill the that is hidden from his eyes and God sees covenant; for the covenant shall be ques- even those actions and thoughts of man tioned about’, (17:35). The Holy Qur’an that are completely hidden from others – is unique in giving detailed instructions to the similitude of which is given as ‘And protect the property of minors, who cannot there falls not a leaf but He knows it; nor call their guardians to account for fraudu- is there a grain in the deep darkness of the lence. Here the Merciful God has given the earth, nor anything green or dry, but is plays. This is where he enjoys, in a manner charge of orphans the status of a divine recorded in a clear Book’, (6:60). Thus of speaking, sovereignty, since he spends covenant, the breach of which, would be only He has the right to judge people. The of his wealth on those living under his care. severely punished. The wider significance guiding principle of a Muslim’s life should How he uses that power in his limited do- of the word ‘covenant’ is that, it may refer be ‘Repel evil with that which is best. And main, will determine the extent to which he to any powerful individual or nation that lo, he between whom and thyself was en- has molded himself in the image of the Mer- takes under its protection, a weaker indi- mity will become as though he were a ciful God. In the simplest of words God vidual or nation. God considers all good warm friend’, (41:35). Almighty, asks him to treat his parents bet- deeds performed by man as a loan to Him- ter than they treated him, and never show self, to be returned manifold, as is written Mercy for the Traveler any sign of displeasure to them, once they in the Qur’an, ‘Who is it that will lend Al- have attained old age. This alone is a feat lah a goodly loan that He may multiply it It is out of His infinite mercy that ‘Allah that would require a lifetime of service and for him manifold? And Allah receives and disdains not to give an illustration as self-control. The Arabic word for ‘mercy’ enlarges’, (2:246). This includes all acts small as a gnat or even smaller’, (2:27). is rehm, which is also the word for ‘womb’. of charity and kindness, even towards pris- Anyone who has ever undertaken a jour- Thus the attribute Rahman, or Merciful, of oners, as is said in, ‘And they feed, for love ney, knows the value of kindness shown to God, emanates from the same element as of Him, the poor, the orphan, and the pris- one by complete strangers. Tourists, for- the womb of a mother, and all relationships oner’, (76:9). eigners, guests, or anyone who is far away emanating from the womb are called rehmi from home, come under the all-encompass- ties, about which God admonishes, ‘And Mercy for the Neighbor who is ing umbrella of God’s mercy by finding re- fear Him particularly respecting ties of re- Near (kindred) and the peated mention as ‘wayfarer’ in the Holy lationship’, (4:2). This underscores the Qur’an. fact that anyone who strengthens ties with Neighbor who is Far rehmi relations, draws from the fountain of (stranger) Mercy for Those Under God’s mercy, and whoever severs ties with One’s Control close relations, severs himself from Allah’s The wide definition of ‘neighbor’ here, mercy, such that his prayers are not heard.1 points to community members, be it a tribe, There are numerous injunctions, span- Thus a person’s parents, children, and a religious community, a school or college ning the widest possible range, that pro- spouse have a claim on his mercy and campus community, or just a neighborhood hibit the abuse of power. Time and again, wealth during his life and a predetermined with people of diverse backgrounds and God Almighty reminds people in authority,

24 MuslimSunrise about the immensity of His power over mity incite you to act otherwise than with agriculture, economy, and health care. The them6 and that they should strive to wield justice. Be always just, that is nearer to democratic mode of governance is sought to it as judiciously as He does. All of us sub- righteousness’, (5:9). The witness has be ensured by ‘consult them in matters of ad- liminally enjoy some degree of supremacy been enjoined as such:‘O ye who believe! ministration’, (3:160). The right of a ruler to over the disabled and the sick; in pre-Is- Be strict in observing justice, and be wit- assign positions of authority has been termed lamic culture people were averse to eating nesses for Allah, even though it be against as a divine trust and God advises him to‘make with them. The Merciful God put an end to yourselves or against parents and kindred. over the trusts to those entitled to them’, it by revealing, ‘There is no harm for the Whether he be rich or poor, Allah is more (4:59); meaning, he should delegate author- blind and there is no harm for the lame, regardful of them both than you are…. And ity to only those who are qualified and no and there is no harm for the sick and none if you conceal the truth or evade it, then other consideration should affect his decision. for yourselves, that you eat …. together or remember that Allah is well aware of what He should ‘be strict in observing justice’, separately’, (24:62). He seeks to protect you do’, (4:136). When a contract is be- (4:136). For example, the Holy Prophet (peace the dignity of the poor by the enjoining of ing ratified it must be written down, as pre- be upon him) refused to say the funeral giving alms secretly (2:272) and, at the time scribed, ‘And no scribe should refuse to prayers of a person whose debts were likely of division of inheritance, if distant rela- write, because Allah has taught him’, to remain unpaid by his heirs.10 We read in tives, orphans, or the poor are present, to (2:283) and, the Merciful God, ever watch- the Holy Qur’an, that every prophet of God give them something from it as well and ful of the interest of the weak, enjoins, ‘But experienced the magnificence of His Mercy speak words of kindness to them (4:9). He if the person incurring the liability be of and urged people to act in a manner that reminds us to be mindful of the fact that low understanding or be weak or be un- would bring them closer to the Merciful God. there are many animals that depend on Him able himself to dictate, then let someone We find a beautiful depiction of the reality of for their sustenance, just like humans do who can watch his interest dictate with Allah’s Mercy when King Solomon (peace be (29:61); feeding them is akin to doing God’s justice. And call two witnesses from among on him) has a palace built with glass slabs on work. In our wealth He has placed a share your men’, (2:283). With amazing attention the floor, with water running beneath them, to of the needy, even if they cannot bring them- to detail, He further enjoins, ‘And let no illustrate His understanding of God’s role in selves to ask for it (51:20). This definition harm be done to the scribe or the witness’, his life (27:45). This illustration has been left of the needy requires us to be vigilant to- (2:283). Furthermore, the witness has been open to interpretation; but the humble prayer wards the needs of all living creatures in enjoined to ‘conceal not testimony; and of this great king was, our environment. Slavery was rampant at whoever conceals it, his heart is certainly ‘My Lord, grant me the will and power the time of the revelation of the Holy Qur’an sinful. And Allah is well aware of what you to be grateful for Thy favour which Thou and continued to exist in non-Muslim soci- do’, (2:284). hast bestowed upon me and upon my par- eties for centuries afterwards. Even today, ents, and to do such good works as would it exists in one form or another in many parts Responsibilities of Those in please Thee, and admit me, by Thy mercy, of the world. But no religion has assigned a Authority among Thy righteous servants’, (27:20) loftier status to the one who frees a slave One might safely conclude, that King as than Islam has (90:13-14). The picture of a benevolent ruler, who is Solomon might have been trying to tell us also democratic in nature, emerges from read- that this life is like water and we walk on the Responsibilities in One’s ing the Qur’an. He is bound by Divine law to invisible slab of Allah’s Mercy. If we let this Professional Capacity try to provide the primary necessities of life, slab shatter through neglect, then we can be- like food, clothing, water, and shelter, to his come a victim of natural causes and life can The overriding principle in one’s pro- subjects, as is stipulated: ‘It is decreed for simply drown us.‹ fessional conduct is to deliver the quality thee that thou shall not hunger therein nor References Address of Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul and quantity of goods and services prom- shall thou be naked. And that thou shall not Masih IV, to ladies, on July 28, 1992. Published in Daughters of Eve, by Lajna Imaillah USA. Page 33.4:12; 4:13; 4:177 Bukhari HYPERLINK ised for the remuneration being received; thirst therein, nor shall thou be exposed to “http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/ in a nutshell, the Holy Qur’an commands the sun’, (20:119-120). The Qur’an identifies ?page=234®ion=E1&CR=EN,E2”http://www.alislam.org/quran/ tafseer/?page=234®ion=E1&CR=EN,E22:44, 84, 111, 178; 4:163; to,‘give full measure and full weight, and and criticizes any abusive ruler by stating, 5:56; 9:11; 21:74; 23:5 2:276; 3:131; 30:402:108; 3:190; 5:41; 7:159; 9:116; 43:86; 57:6Farid, Malik Ghulam, The Holy Quran, With English diminish not unto people their things’, ‘When he is in authority, he runs about in the Translation and Short Commentary (Islamabad, UK: Islam Interna- (7:86). Conducting fraudulent enterprise is land to create disorder in it and destroys the tional Publications Ltd., 1994). Page 85Ahmad, Mirza Tahir. Some Distinctive Features of Islam (Islamabad, UK: Islam International Pub- forbidden (11:86); and honesty is urged as tilth and the progeny of man; and Allah loves lications Ltd., 1992)Khan, Muhammad Zafrullah. Gardens of the Righ- teous (Islamabad, UK: Islam International Publications Ltd., 1996). said in, ‘And confound not truth with false- not disorder’, (2:206). The Arabic word em- Page 69 HYPERLINK “http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/ hood nor hide the truth, knowingly’, ployed for ‘tilth’ in this context, refers to agri- ?page=504®ion=E1&CR=EN,E2” http://www.alislam.org/quran/ tafseer/?page=504®ion=E1&CR=EN,E2 (2:43). Certain individuals carry a high culture, economy, and health of women,7 and burden of culpability. Foremost among the tilth and the progeny of man refer to gen- them, are those involved in the process of eral health care.8 Thus, the expectations of the dispensing justice. The judge has been Merciful God from a statesman are that, in the admonished:‘When you judge between spirit of ‘a ruler is a steward and is account- men, you judge with justice’, (4:59) and, able for his charge9’ he will strive to restore seeking to ensure justice for minorities, the the basic amenities of life to his people, and Qur’an stipulates: ‘let not a people’s en- establish peace and prosperity by regulating

WINTER 2009 25 a more cultured Westerner may know what “If God and the ultimate moral law are The Wikipedia mentions, under the heading all denied, there can be no absolute argument men are created equal, “Many of the ideas against slavery, against ‘might makes right’ in the Declaration were borrowed from the and man’s greedy exploitation of man. If hu- English liberal political philosopher John man beings have no absolute intrinsic value, Universal Locke.” But that is where Western no absolute intrinsic freedom of decision, scholarship ends. Locke lived in the no absolute liberty, no absolute duties, they seventeenth and eighteenth century. Such possess only extrinsic value and may be Declaration is the dissociation of the Western writers used as chattels, slaves or serfs by those in terms of ignoring the beauties of Islam, who have the intelligence and power.” 2 that they can attribute all such liberal ideas It took the catalyst of World War II, af- of Human with a straight face to Western ter millions of casualties, to propel human philosophers, despite the fact the Muslim rights onto the global stage and into the literature has been replete with mention of global conscience. On December 10, 1948, the Holy Prophet Muhammad saying to a the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Rights and crowd of more than a hundred thousand was adopted by the 56 members of the people, at the time of the final pilgrimage, United Nations. The vote was unanimous, an event that itself symbolizes human although eight nations chose to abstain. Islam equality, “All of you are equal. All men, Articles one and two could be considered whatever nation or tribe they may belong paraphrasing, in contemporary legal termi- By Zia H Shah MD to, and whatever station in life they may nology, of what the Prophet Muhammad hold, are equal. Allah has made you had said in his address at the time of last ith the brethren one to another, so be not divided. pilgrimage, or what President Thomas election of An Arab has no preference over a non-Arab, Jefferson wrote more than a millennium a son of a nor a non-Arab over an Arab; nor is a white later. Article one states, “All human beings Kenyan one to be preferred to a dark one, nor a dark are born free and equal in dignity and rights. man to the one to a white one.” The whole of his They are endowed with reason and con- highest sermon is recorded in history and has been science and should act towards one another Woffice in USA we see gradual perfection of the more famous and cherished than the in a spirit of brotherhood.” As the Prophet vision expressed in the words, “We hold these Gettysburg address in the Muslim world delivered his farewell speech in the eighth truths to be self-evident, that all men are over the centuries. This is where human year after migration to Medina, to an un- created equal.” But at the same time, suicidal equality began, not only for the Muslims precedented large gathering, standing on bombings by terrorist, the outrageous but for the whole of humanity! the back of his camel Qaswa, he raised his violations of human rights in Guantanamo Fast forward to World War II. Dr. An- hands and joined the fingers of the one and Abu Ghraib, the indifference to the so drew Conway Ivy was appointed by the hand with the fingers of the other and then called collateral damage in air bombings, American Medical Association as its repre- said, “Even as the fingers of the two hands have again rekindled the question as to what sentative at the 1946 Nuremberg Medical are equal, so are human beings equal to one are the human rights and where do they Trial for Nazi doctors. By 1945 he was prob- another. No one has any right, any superi- come from. The events since September ably ‘the most famous doctor in the coun- ority to claim over another. You are as broth- 11, 2001 have jolted every citizen of the try.’ He wrote, “Only in a moral world, a ers.”3 4 5 planet earth with renewed quaking and put world of responsibility, can man be free and Article two of the universal declaration them on a quest to look for answers. Is life live as a human being should. Men are truly announces, “Everyone is entitled to all the of an American more sacred than a non- equal and free only as creatures of God, rights and freedoms set forth in this Decla- American? What if he or she is a Muslim? because only as the children of God and ration, without distinction of any kind, such Are all humans truly created equal? only in the sight of God and ultimate moral as race, color, sex, language, religion, po- Where did the words, ‘We hold these truths law are men truly equal.”1 In the Nuremberg litical or other opinion, national or social to be self-evident, that all men are created trial he struggled with the question that if origin, property, birth or other status.” In equal;’ come from? To one exposed to man-made law is the sole source of basic the contemporary world the letter of the law Western propaganda only, these words human rights, why condemn the Nazi as- exists but the spirit is missing. Prophet came from the pen of President Thomas sault on Jews, Gypsies, Poles, and politi-cal Muhammad linked the sanctity of human Jefferson, as he authored United States enemies; and having been shaken by this rights to the human appreciation of sacred- Declaration of Independence in 1776. But perplexing trial he concluded: ness; as he addressed a sobbing and spell

26 MuslimSunrise bound crowd of pilgrims, to the very first but, generally speaking, he is not aware of masses, to implement these ideals in real house ever built for remembrance of one any debt to classical Islam. The very idea life situations. This is where the role of God, “Even as this month is sacred, this may cause him to smile indulgently, or to religion comes to play. Let me conclude in land inviolate, and this day holy, so has dismiss the suggestion as unworthy of his the words of the famous historian Arnold God made the lives, property and honor of attention some legacy from Islam.”7 8 In an Toynbee pertaining to racial equality in Is- every man sacred. To take any man’s life or article published in the Journal of the Ameri- lam, “On two historic occasions in the past, his property, or attack his honor, is as un- can Oriental Society, he argues that schol- Islam has been the sign in which an Orien- just and wrong as to violate the sacredness arship and learning that made the founda- tal society has risen up victoriously against of this day, this month, and this territory.” tion of Italian Renaissance can be ad- an Occidental intruder. ... If the present situ- The echoes of the words would reverber- equately explained only on purely Islamic- ation of mankind were to precipitate a ‘race ate, with deep emotional conviction, for Arabic grounds.9 war,’ Islam might be moved to play her his- centuries to come in the known world. As regards the religious equality, Islam toric role once again.”12 For a more exten- Encyclopedia Britannica describes one is the only religion that recognizes all the sive review for Islamic teachings about Uni- of the Presidents of the UN General Assem- other religions including Christianity, Ju- versal Brotherhood see November, 2009 bly Sir Zafrulla Khan in these words, “He daism, Hinduism and Buddhism and states Alislam – eGazette: became the new country’s minister of for- that founders of all these religions were eign affairs and served concurrently as prophets of God. The approach of other http://www.alislam.org/egazette/ leader of Pakistan’s delegation to the UN religions is in mark contradiction to this. (1947–54). From 1954 to 1961 he served as a For example, the official position of Juda- (Endnotes) member of the International Court of Jus- ism would be that Christianity is a false re- 1 The Evidence of God in an Expanding Universe. tice at The Hague. He again represented Pa- ligion as they do not believe in Jesus Christ Edited by John Clover Monsma. GP Putnam’s kistan at the UN in 1961–64 and served as at all. In other words followers of most re- sons, New York, published in 1958. Page 240. president of the UN General Assembly in ligions consider the other religions as in- 2 The Evidence of God in an Expanding Universe. 1962–63. Returning to the International herently fake except for Islam. So, it would Edited by John Clover Monsma. GP Putnam’s Court of Justice in 1964, he served as the be fair to say that whereas Islam is fully in sons, New York, published in 1958. Page 240. court’s president from 1970 to 1973.”6 He compliance with the spirit of the Universal 3 http://www.alislam.org/egazette/eGazette- wrote an excellent small book that compares Declaration of Human Rights as it pertains Dec2007.pdf 4 all the articles of the Universal Declaration to religion; the other religions do not rec- http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Life- of-Muhammad.pdf with the Quranic teachings. The book is ognize each other, sufficiently, so there is 5 http://www.alislam.org/library/books/ titled Islam and Human Rights and is avail- always potential for conflict when stakes muhammad_seal_of_the_prophets/ able for a free download from Alislam.org. are high. 6 “Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan.” Author’s deep appreciation of the law and In sphere of ethnic human equality, four- Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. insight into the religion of Islam and its holy teen hundred years after the Holy Prophet Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21 Oct. scripture the Holy Quran make it a must read Muhammad declared that the white have 2009 . 7 over a non-Arab; Western science was George Makdisi. Scholasticism and struggling with Polygenetic theory of hu- Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West. Journal of the American man origin to prove the superiority of the http://www.alislam.org/library/books/ Oriental Society, Vol. 109, No. 2. (Apr. - Caucasian race over the other races. The Islam-HR.pdf Jun., 1989), pp. 175-182. Holy Quran declares, “O mankind, We have 8 http://www.jstor.org created you from a male and a female; and 9 It will not be unfair to challenge apolo- George Makdisi. Scholasticism and We have made you into tribes and sub- Humanism in Classical Islam and the gists of other religions especially those who tribes that you may know one another.”10 Christian West. Journal of the American are vitriolic against Islam, like Don No wonder, Arnold Joseph Toynbee had to Oriental Society, Vol. 109, No. 2. (Apr. - Richardson, to show such correlation be- confess, “The extinction of race conscious- Jun., 1989), pp. 175-182. tween human rights and their respective 10 ness as between Muslims is one of the out- Al Quran 49:14. scriptures. They may have tall claims to 11 Arnold Joseph Toynbee. Civilization on standing moral achievements of Islam, and make but those need to be substantiated trial: Essays. Published by Oxford University in the contemporary world there is, as it from their scriptures and the history of re- Press, 1948. Chapter: Islam the West and the happens, a crying need for the propagation spective scriptures; otherwise it only Future. Page 205. of this Islamic virtue.”11 12 amounts to hollow Monday morning Arnold Joseph Toynbee. Civilization on trial: Essays. Published by Oxford University quarterbacking. EPILOGUE Press, 1948. Last page of the chapter: Islam George A. Makdisi (1920-2002), Profes- the West and the Future. sor Emeritus of Arabic & Islamic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, writes World peace cannot be secured if we about lack of general information about Is- only pay lip service to the ideals expressed lam, “The cultured Christian layman is aware in the Universal Declaration of Human of his religious debt to Judaism, and of his Rights. Something has to inspire the pas- intellectual debt to Greco-Roman antiquity; sions of not only the leaders but also the

WINTER 2009 27 Poetry Corner THE SATELLITE By Micah Taair

Satellite Defined: 1.A body that revolves around a larger planet. 2.A follower or attendant attached to a prince or other person of importance.. 3.A device designed to be launched from the earth into orbit around a Satellite O Satellite black hole planet or the sun. (Webster’s Dictionary) First star from a And I know cause the Satellite O Satellite Surah verse I’ve Satellite scanned the I scoped you from my earthly place seen in this life surface of man Circling the moon in the outer regions I wish I may I wish I might And sent back images of space Bask as you bask in light upon light Evidence that water flows underneath Circling the sun in the outer regions of Light upon light upon light upon light Living proof that a human soul could space The height and width or your spiritual soak Circling the One in the outer regions girth was worth Forty thousand leagues under a sea of of space Much more than a manned mission to divine wisdom And time has passed since you passed Mars A kingdom comes by way of the from this place Your transmission was ours to receive Satellites The place you were created and and we believe The Satellite launched up from In the continual existence of the soul Absorbed its light through three solar Satellite O Satellite of the Satellite O Satellite panels Ears, eyes and heart Do you remember the earth where Into the depths of the universe you did It’s not 500 channels but from One all you began deep-rooted probe things start To broadcast live from And sprouted unpolluted unclouded in Brought knowledge and truth London It’s late night with a gift to the light of the sun Funneled through your frontal lobe mankind Programmed and computed Transmitted around the globe You can even get online to view the Once in the womb by a scientist spirit Left my head spinning like a strobelite sublime but Then once again by that same scien- In the darkness trying to reflect From the telly my vision views pure tific spirit whatever light revelation A surge of Arabic in words I could capture from you and send From the telly my vision views pure al Spoke over static that switched you to back out into the darkness Nur automatic Of a universal black agnostic void and Trouble with your reception? You Piloting of your piety even that’s need to bang on the box Quantity plus quality manufactures a Written on a scroll wrapped up in a Wrap the tin foil of Islam around

28 MuslimSunrise your antenna In cursing fits haters hoped you the night So you can get a clear picture of the would fall to earth Nevertheless we all moth together sun and moon and stars Leave a crater of dirt and spurt hate towards this light Abubakarian stars, Bilalian stars, like them Which you inherited from way back Salmanian stars They was hating on him this reflec- when Stars like these but portrayed today tion of Rasoolah You sat by the light of another Live on the screen the likeness of Made the mullahs shake and the Satellite their image sheiks spend more moolla Who sat by the light of another Reflects in a young Punjabis eyes Trying to take out the Satellite Satellite In a young Nigerians eyes O Satellite Who sat by the light of another In a young Chicagoans eyes With the blessed face and the Satellite And whether viewed on screen or in blessed smile Who sat by the light of the moon a dream With the blessed voice and the Which reflected the sun A portion of heavenly light is blessed style Created by One unseen All Powerful beamed Of conversation that left many tribes being And bounced back off of the Satel- and many nations blessed It seems you living that Moham- lite Blessed, blessed like moments when medan dream My Satellite you entered a room And in the Dream State we die to Dishes out ‘bout forty blessings a Blessed even was the way you see you day would stress your kums Cause in this life we cannot tune in Its heart beeped tabligh in rhythmic When responding melodically to view you live sessions of Q&A Asalaamalaikum For you are with us no more on Lessons for you and me and even To your loyal subjects earth the Non-Ahmadis Who existed as small tiny insignifi- As it is in heaven we adore your Debated on how to capture the cant particles memory through televised lore masses Who were lost in space and time And the spirit of Hazur lives on While you effortlessly radiated Until the time of divine mercy came inside the G4 through magnified glasses And your bestowed divine gravity Satellite O Satellite Strategically placed by angels pulled them close I scoped you from my earthly place around your aura Close enough to spiritually touch Circling the moon in the outer Surrounded by and ocean like Bora Blessed we were, yes, blessed even regions of space Bora as dust to orbit Circling the sun in the outer regions But the water was a blessing - and The Satellite, that top of the line of space you wasn’t letting satellite Circling the One in the outer regions That water remain stored up That hope for mankind satellite of space Nor was you some sorta donkey That updated for the times satellite And time has passed since you hauling a Torah Based on the original designed passed from this place You were rehearsing it and then prototype The place you were created and dispersing it For sure it’s bright perhaps due to launched up from

WINTER 2009 29 Although not part of the prescribed pil- Imam. The pilgrims stay in the Plain of Arafat How does one fulfill the grimage, many pilgrims carry on to Medinah only till sunset. This is the same plain where Pilgrimage or Hajj? and visit Masjid al Nabvi or the Prophet’s the Prophet Muhammad delivered his farewell Mosque. It was in the compound of this sermon. The fifth act of Islamic worship is the Mosque that Prophet Muhammad was bur- 7. After sunset the pilgrims leave Arafat performing of the Hajj or the pilgrimage to ied. and come to a place called Muzdalifah. In the Mecca. A Muslim must perform this pilgrimage While the Hajj may only be performed dur- at least once in his lifetime if economic and Holy Quran, this place is referred to as al ing the prescribed dates of the month of Dhul political conditions are favorable. The focal Mash’ar al Haram, the Sacred Monument. On Hijjah, a Lesser Pilgrimage called Umrah may point of this pilgrimage is the Ka’ba, which reaching Muzdalifah, the pilgrims say their be made individually at any time during the was rebuilt by Prophet Abraham some 4,000 combined Maghrib and Isha Prayers and year. years ago. Today, the Ka’ba stands in the spend the night there. In the morning, after middle of a large courtyard of Masjid al Haram saying the Fajr Prayer, the pilgrims return to or the Sacred Mosque. The courtyard of Masjid Mina once again. What is the purpose al Haram contains, besides Ka’ba, the Maqam 8. The pilgrims reach Mina on the tenth of Eid ul Adha? a Ibrahim and the fountain of Zamzam. The Hajj is performed during the Muslim day of Dhul Hijjah. This is the busiest day of month of Dhul Hijjah which comes two months the pilgrimage. The first ceremony that is per- Eid-ul-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice) is a fes- after the festival of Eid al Fitr. The various formed at Mina is the throwing of small stones tival comes about ten weeks after Eid-ul-Fitr, ceremonies of the Hajj include: or ramy al jimar. In this ceremony the pilgrims and marks the completion of Hajj (Holy pil- 1.Entering into the state of ihram by wearing throw stones at three pillars in a symbolic act grimage to Mecca). It is the festival of Sacri- only two seamless white sheets. This is done of striking the devil. fice that commemorates the obedience of by the pilgrims when they reach certain 9. The tenth day of Dhul Hijjah is also Abraham and his son Ishmael to the command- designated places close to Mecca. the day when pilgrims sacrifice their animals. ment of Allah. 2.Saying of talbiyah starting at the place This day is also celebrated all over the Mus- Abraham had a series of dreams in which where the ihram is worn. Talbiyah consists of lim world as the festive day of Eid al Adha. he saw himself sacrificing his eldest son saying aloud the following: 10. After performing the sacrifice the pil- Ishmael. He inferred that it was perhaps the Here we come, O God, here we come No partner have You, here we come grims have their heads shaved or their hair will of God that he should sacrifice the life of Indeed, praise and blessings are Yours, clipped. After this they emerge from the state his son. Abraham, being most obedient to God, and the Kingdom too No partner have You, of ihram by wearing their everyday clothes. was about to sacrifice the life of his son here we come 11. Clad in their everyday clothes the Ishmael, when God commanded him to stop 3.On entering Mecca, the pilgrims perform pilgrims perform another tawaf of the Ka’ba. and gave him the good news that he had in- the first tawaf which consists of going around This tawaf is called tawaf e ziarat. deed fulfilled His command. the Ka’ba seven times in an anticlockwise 12. Before the tenth day of Dhul Hijjah God was so pleased with Abraham’s spirit direction. ends, the pilgrims perform another sa’ yy be- of sacrifice and obedience that He multiplied 4.After completing the tawaf, the pilgrims tween the hills of Safa and Marwa. his progeny into billions. He was also given perform the sa’ yy which consists of running 13. After this the pilgrims return once the great honor of being the forefather of the between the two little hills of Safa and Marwa again to Mina where they stay until the twelfth Holy Prophet of Islam. On the day of Eid those located near the Ka’ba. These are the two hills where Hajirah ran in search of water when or thirteenth day of Dhul Hijjah. During these Muslims who can afford to sacrifice an animal Prophet Abraham had to leave her there on two or three days the pilgrims continue to are enjoined to do so after Eid Prayer. Divine command. perform the ceremony of ramy al jimar or throw- In his Eid Sermon of 1983, Hadhrat Mirza 5.After performing the sa’ yy, the pilgrims ing of stones. Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV, asked the move to Mina, a plain located about four miles 14. On the afternoon of the twelfth Dhul wealthy Ahmadis to go to the homes of their east of Mecca, and spend the night there. Hijjah (or of the thirteenth) the pilgrims return poor brethren to wish them happy Eid and 6. Next morning, the pilgrims leave for to Mecca for the last ceremony of the pilgrim- offer them gifts. In compliance of this direc- the Plain of Arafat located nine miles south- age. This ceremony consists of the farewell tive, the delectation of Eid in Ahmadi society east of Mecca. They arrive there in the early tawaf of the Ka’ba after which the entire pil- has escalated significantly and this is the very afternoon, say the combined Zuhr and Asr grimage is completed and the pilgrims are free substance and philosophy of Islamic festival Prayers and listen to a sermon given by the to go wherever they wish. of Eid.

30 MuslimSunrise News, Views and Reviews Press Publications Originally printed in the 11/13/09 edition of the That the accused Love For Los Angeles Times gunman’s intentions “Pleas for Tolerance” have been tied to his All. faith is Hatred By Ahsan Mahmood Khan, disappointing. It For None. Yorba Linda, California would be a dire Dear Editor: mistake to believe his motivation had anything to do with Originally printed in the 11/17/09 Physicians take an oath to do no harm. edition of the USA Today Soldiers swear to protect their nation. the teachings of True Muslims who follow the sacred Islam. “U.S.-Muslim Community” teachings of the Koran love their fellow human beings and profess their faith forced to protect our nation from a By Sohail Husain, New Haven, Connecticut with peace, not bloodshed. domestic attack. As we mourn the passing of 13 of our departed, we Dear Editor: The alleged Ft. Hood shooter, sadly, celebrate the soldiers and civilians who My heart goes out to the victims of violated all three covenants. took action to resolve this crisis. the Fort Hood shooting and their families. Although we await more May God bless the fallen and wounded That the accused gunman’s intentions details of the investigation, most and grant strength and resolve to their have been tied to his faith is troubling to me was that the alleged families. disappointing. It would be a dire shooter, Maj. Nidal Hasan, was a mistake to believe his motivation had physician and a Muslim. Originally printed in the 11/10/09 edition of the Washington Post anything to do with the teachings of I am also a physician and a Muslim, Islam. Just as Timothy J. McVeigh had “Faith and the Fort Hood belonging to the Ahmadiyya Muslim nothing to do with Christianity, so does Shootings” Community. More than 100 years Nidal Malik Hasan have nothing to do ago, our founder condemned any By Qasim Rashid, with Islam. violence in the name of Islam. Richmond, Virginia Decades before 9/11, we proudly Dear Editor: Rather than pointing the finger at any displayed our motto: Love for all, religion for the actions of a disturbed hatred for none. We continue to Every soldier in our military takes a individual, I prefer to take the moment display it. This American-Muslim solemn oath to protect our nation and sincerely thank those heroes of physician mourns the tragedy at Fort against attacks, foreign and domestic. Fort Hood who readily put their lives in Hood and stands with his nation Nov. 5, 2009, will be remembered as harm’s way so that I and my children against the insanity. a day when, sadly, our military was can live in safety.

WINTER 2009 31 News, Views and Reviews Viewpoint “Murder is Not What Jihad Is” Originally published in The Finger Lakes Times (New York), November 20, 2009

By Sardar Anees Ahmad

The Fort Hood shootings have sent shockwaves throughout the country. In a letter to The Boston The Qur’an declares, “whosoever killed a person — unless it Globe, I urged everyone to sup- be for killing a person or for creating disorder in the land — port the victims and their families it shall be as if he had killed all mankind” (5:33) and felt investigating other topics were inappropriate. Discussion Jihad can be waged against an enemy, message are the oppressed, not the oppres- but who is an enemy? Is every non-Mus- sors.” has, however, begun over the lim, every American soldier, or every Ameri- During the Fort Hood memorial service, motives of the culprit, Major can an enemy? No, nothing could be far- President Obama declared, “no faith justi- ther from the truth. In the previous article fies these murderous and craven acts … the Nidal Hassan. So it is with the discussing jihad, I cited various Quranic same extremists who killed nearly 3,000 aim of addressing questions verses and examples of Muhammad’s con- Americans continue to endanger America, duct to prove that Islam in no way defines our allies, and innocent Afghans and Paki- others have raised, fully aware of jihad as extremists do. An enemy against stanis.” This statement was meaningful to the situation’s seriousness, that I whom jihad can be waged is one who threat- me. My grandfather, a history professor, ens society’s religious freedom. Jihad was murdered, his chest found riddled with address allegations of Islam, in against an enemy, as the Qur’an (22:40-42) bullets, in 1974 simply because extremists particular the philosophy of jihad, and Muhammad defined it, is waged to es- considered his beliefs un-Islamic. In 1985, tablish religious freedom, not to harm inno- his brother, an eye surgeon who often per- playing any role in this tragedy. cent people. Far from being an agent of ex- formed procedures at low cost or free of tremism jihad as Islam, not extremists, de- charge, died from repeated stabs to the neck. As I explained in a 9/19/08 editorial for fines it cannot even be considered a dirty Again, extremists considered his beliefs un- the Finger Lakes Times, jihad must be un- word. Islamic. I cite these examples so the reader derstood from its source – how does the That extremists could even think their doesn’t feel as though I am urging under- Qur’an define jihad and what was Prophet warped worldview legitimate and thereafter standing while I myself have not tasted the Muhammad’s understanding of jihad? Jihad threaten anyone who disagrees exposes consequences of extremism. is derived from the root juhd, meaning to their arrogance and complete disagreement So I urge the reader to examine this trag- “strive to the utmost in a noble way.” Per with past prophets’ examples. The Qur’an edy with a thoughtful eye. The Fort Hood the Qur’an’s directives, jihad can be under- declares, “whosoever killed a person — tragedy coincided with Scott Roeder, who taken against oneself, society, or a visible unless it be for killing a person or for creat- killed Dr. George Tiller in church, confess- enemy. The jihad against oneself and soci- ing disorder in the land — it shall be as if ing he did so because Tiller was an abor- ety is the process of continuously refining he had killed all mankind” (5:33). Mirza Tahir tion provider. This summer, Sgt. John M. one’s character and being a model for soci- Ahmad, the 4th Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Russell killed five comrades at a clinic on a ety to emulate. Socrates advocated a simi- Muslim Community, observed that thou- U.S. base in Iraq. Their faith, or lack thereof, lar principle when he stated that an exam- sands of years of religious history has es- justified their heinous acts as much as ined life is alone worth living. tablished, “that the bearers of the divine Hassan’s did his.

32 MuslimSunrise News, Views and Reviews Book Review Don Richardson’s Secrets of the Koran

(i) this author hates Muslims and wants to By Lubna Malik eradicate this world of Muslims, so I am going slamophobia is irrational to defend my faith, or (ii) this author hates discrimination against Muslims Muslims and wants to eradicate this world of based on a mistaken hatred or dread Muslims, so I am going to try even harder to of Islam. It exists in Islamophobics blend in with this society so no one comes seekingII to exclude Muslims from economic, after me owing to the evil this author has al- social, and public life. Secrets of the Koran is leged on my faith. Alas, it is no surprise that an account of Islam by an Islamophobic. The most people are not advocates and would 252-page biased attempt by Mr. Don probably choose the latter. In fact, the trend Richardson, a pastor, sarcastically, since the horrific events of 9/11 seem to accu- offensively, and prejudicially elucidates select rately portray that many Muslims prefer to verses of the Holy Qur’an and the sayings shrink into the shadows and hide their faith saw and practice of the Prophet Muhammad. gaze and dress modestly. Similarly, in dis- out of fear that the society around them will cussing some of the war verses of the Holy wrongfully judge their truly beautiful—and Ironically, the very hatred that Mr. Qur’an, Mr. Richardson separates verses similar to Judeo-Christian—teachings. The Richardson alleges Islam endorses against all 2:190-91 and 2:193 as if they exist indepen- non-Muslim, similarly has two options: (i) ad- non-Muslims, is exactly what Mr. Richardson dently, although any reader , when reading here to Mr. Richardson’s allegations and ini- wholeheartedly promotes himself, against these verses as laid out in the Holy Qur’an, tiate a crusade against Muslims, or (ii) study Muslims. In Secrets of the Koran, Mr. would very easily realize that the injunctions on their own and realize Mr. Richardson’s book Richardson—without any training in the Ara- in 2:190-91, serve as preconditions to the com- is full of inconsistencies. Which is easier? If bic language or any non-Islamophobic under- mandment in 2:193. Clearly, Mr. Richardson is true tolerance of religion is what Western so- standing of Islam—teaches the reader the engaging in slanderous reconstruction. “Any ciety is based on—as Mr. Richardson claims “true” message of Islam and the Holy Qur’an time Mohammed wanted to add spice to his it is—then Mr. Richardson’s very own actions and sheds light on the “essence” of Prophet sex life, all he had to do was raid another town strive to eradicate toleration of any faith; (yes, Muhammad’ssaw teachings and practice. Some or caravan for female slaves, or buy some, and Mr. Richardson lumps Hinduism and Bud- of the topics Mr. Richardson “expertly” ad- his God would approve,” (Richardson, 77). dhism as equally incompatible with Western dresses, which he himself admits are not cor- This sentence is probably most characteristic ideals as Islam, and states that true salvation roborated by most of the world’s eminent Is- of Mr. Richardson’s book. Mr. The book fol- is through Jesusas, thus putting Jews at a loss), lamic scholars—both Muslims and non-Mus- lows no clear structure or line of reasoning; it except Christianity. And somehow Islam is the lims—and educational and intellectual peri- is more his personal frustrations with a faith scary religion? odicals, include Prophet Jesusas, Muslim treat- he does not—nor strives to—understand. It truly is a travesty. When Timothy ment of non-Muslims, warfare in the Holy Upon a very elementary cross-reference of Mr. McVeigh blew up the Oklahoma City Build- Qur’an, polygamy, and Muslims in Western Richardson’s quotations from some of the ing, no one said it was due to his being Chris- society and politics. very translations he allegedly uses, his por- tian. Even Mr. Richardson asserts that the In an effort to seem unbiased, Mr. trayed translations are de facto incorrect. Christian leadership that led the Crusades Richardson asserts to have cross-referenced Through the separation of verses, as stated were not fighting because of religion, they just seven different English translations of the above, and heavy usage of ellipsis, Mr. happened to be Christian. Yet, individuals who Holy Qur’an. Interestingly, however, rather Richardson has reconstructed the message of self-identify as Muslims must be fighting be- than also cross-referencing seven different several verses to fit his prejudicial hypoth- cause Islam says so. Mr. Richardson may want commentaries or exegeses on the Holy Qur’an, eses about Islam, that will assist him in his to study the story of Prophet Jesusas to hear Mr. Richardson offers his own “sound” infer- world domination of Christianity. It will be in- just how his persecutors took his words out ences and explanations on countless verses. teresting to read an argument by argument of context to accuse him of endorsing all kinds Perhaps one of the most obvious examples of reaction to Mr. Richardson’s book. After read- of heretical activities. Fanatical Muslims and Mr. Richardson’s ignorance of Islam is on ing this wholly biased analysis of Islam as politically-minded Muslims use the Holy page 42, where he insists that Muslim men are nothing more than a war-mongering faith that Qur’an out of context to further their own agen- not responsible for any kind of modesty, and endorses pedophiles and encourages po- das. Now, Mr. Richardson—self-assertingly only women must cover themselves from head lygamy, the real victims of this attack on the seeing an opening for Christianity to eradi- to toe. Unsurprisingly, Mr. Richardson’s “ex- world’s fastest growing religion are the neu- cate Islam—is embracing Osama bin Laden’s pertise” on Islam does not include the Qur’anic tral people—both Muslim and non-Muslim. Islam and agreeing with him. It would be a commandment and sayings of Prophet After reading this “study” of Islam, the neu- pleasure to meet the many Muslim friends Mr. Muhammadsaw for believing men to lower their tral Muslim is left with two possible feelings: Richardson claims to have.

WINTER 2009 33 From the Archives 1954

Muslim Sunrise 1954 Therefore it is with great Fourth Quarter pleasure that we observe the awakening of the What is the Christian church to its responsibilities in the Church’s field of social progress. role in the World Council of Churches discussion of the Christian church’s role in a responsible responsible society: “Probably the high light of this Assembly’s message on these subjects, carefully formu- society? lated next week, will be its emphasis on spe- cifics. Past church gatherings have laid the e consider that one of groundwork; ‘Stockholm, 1925’ broke three the superiority of centuries of tradition for the main stream of Islam is that it is a churches to state formally that the church has complete and perfect a role in the world other than piety.” Wlaw, including every phase of life—both “Oxford, 1937”, according to D.C.L. Patjin, worldly and spiritual. As the soul is irrefutably director of International Organizations in the bound to the body during the life of this world, Netherlands Foreign Ministry, stated that in therefore any religious system to be entirely no uncertain terms that economic activities adequate to fulfill the many and diverse needs under judgment of Christ.” of man must contain within itself a complete The Monitor goes on to say that the Chris- code for matters, temporal and spiritual, tian church until well into the 20th Century has individual and social, national and not only avoided such issues but all too often international. Here lies the beauty of Islam. It has allied itself with out-dated and corrupted not only contains detailed rules, governing systems along with which it has fought any the actions of men in all these various fields and administered program that extends into tendency of progress that has shown itself in of activity, but through the life of the Holy practically all the phases of man’s various ac- human society. Prophet Muhammad we are afforded an tivities. Today this is no doubt true but what How different has been the case in Islam! inspired example of the interpretation and we would like to point out is that this is a From the very beginning the social side of enactment of these rules of conduct. From the relatively new trend in Christianity. Up until man’s life has been adequately looked after. Holy Quran and from the teachings of the Holy quite recent times the Christian church at- Therefore it is with great pleasure that we ob- Prophet it is forcefully brought to us that the tempted to avoid becoming entangled in tem- serve the awakening of the Christian church way to heaven is not found in the neglect of poral affairs, in fact it even went so far as to to its responsibilities in the field of social things worldly. Everything in the universe has forbid its clergymen and to discourage the progress. We only hope that it has not en- its divinely allotted use. Nothing is to be layety from such action. tered the field too late. The alarming rapidity gained by stressing one at the expense of In an article entitled “Antidote to Commu- with which the godless Communists were able another. nism” or “Churches Scan Africa Role” (Au- to take over several Christian countries has Now a Christian might very well reply to gust 19, 1954) Christian Science Monitor been a point of concern for all men, who be- this that the Church has a very well planned writes concerning the Second Assembly of lieve in God and the salvation of mankind.

34 MuslimSunrise AHADITH Saying of the Holy Prophet Muhammadsaw (Translation from: Gardens of the Righteous)

“A man set out to visit a brother in another town. Allah appointed an angel to safe- guard him on his way. When the man approached the angel he was asked: Whither are you bent? He answered: I intend to visit a brother of mine in yonder town. The angel asked: have you committed some valuables to him which you desire to take care of? The man answered: No. I have no desire except to visit him because I love him for the sake of Allah. The angel said to him: I am a messenger of Allah sent to tell you that Allah loves you as you love your brother for His sake.” (Muslim)

“The case of a righteous companion and that of an evil companion is like that of one who carries perfume and of one who blows into a furnace. The carrier of perfume might give you some as a gift, or you might buy it from him, or at least you might smell its fragrance. As for the other, he might set your clothes on fire, and at the very least you will breathe the foul air issuing from the furnace.” (Bukhari & Muslim)

“Be not envious of each other, do not make fictitious bids at an auction, bear no grudge, do not turn away from each other, do not make an offer during a pending transaction and become servants of Allah, brothers to each other. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim; he does not wrong him, or looks down upon him or humiliate him. Righteousness is a matter of the heart. Righteousness is a matter of the heart. Righteousness is a matter of the heart. It is enough evil for a person that he should look down upon his Muslim brother. Everything of a Muslim is forbidden to a Muslim; his blood, his property, his honor.” (Muslim)

WINTER 2009 35 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Perspectives○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Mosque Culture

When I first departed for America As it turned out, I did return to Pakistan other side of a wall. We knew they were in 1966, I was seen off by my after about three years, but he wouldn’t be there from the noise that came from that there to receive me. He had passed away side but it was left to our imagination what entire family at the Pakistani three months after I left him at the airport. they all looked like. airport. In those days there were That was my last memory of my father. I At this mosque, men were referred to as never got that hug. ‘brothers’ and all the ladies were ‘sisters’ about 15 relatives and friends for That feeling of awkwardness is now one even the Pakistani ones. I could even see each departing passenger. I said of regret. I wonder if he ever realized how the faces of Pakistani sisters. much I appreciated him and the sacrifices Talking to the sisters was an awkward my good byes to my mother and he made for us – his family. The frustration process. I was not accustomed to talking other relatives, but there was a and helplessness of not being able to hug with women. I never knew what to say to him for the last time or hearing what was on them or what would get me in trouble. Like bigger hurdle – my Dad. his mind manages to squeeze tears from my my father at the airport, I smiled, looked hen it came time to eyes. embarrassed and blushed but did not ex- finally say good bye to I arrived in Chicago and a few days later press myself. This embarrassment was mul- my father, we said the went to the local mosques for the first time. tiplied by the handicap of speaking in a usual formalities and It was a strange experience for me. I was new language. wordsW of salaam. I could see his eyes full used to going to the mosque where every- Talking to the African American broth- of love, affection and prayers for me but I one spoke the same language, was from the ers was also awkward because I couldn’t sensed an uneasiness about him, as if he same area and was brought up in the same speak English that fluently and I had to learn was holding something back. Although I culture. The mosques here were different their unique accents and phrases. So most knew he was shy and reserved, I thought in many ways. of the time we simply said salaam to each he might hug me. It didn’t happen. Public There were only about five Pakistanis other and the usual how are you expres- displays of affection were a bit awkward and one member from India. The majority of sions and smiled. Then I would turn to the for my Dad. the congregation were black. Yes, back then Pakistani members and talk in Urdu or While I was walking up the stairs of the we referred to African Americans as blacks. Punjabi about what was happening. We dis- airplane, I looked back at him still standing There were blacks, whites and I guess we cussed world problems and how the Paki- in clear view. His eyes still fixed on me full were somewhere in between, plus or minus. stani government lacked the aptitude to of love, affection and prayers, holding back It was an era which proudly produced the solve its problems. Forty years later, we the pain of losing a son and the fear that black is beautiful slogan. They spoke En- still discuss it. Obviously, the Pakistani the words he didn’t say might always re- glish and obviously were from a different government still hasn’t listened to us and we’re main unsaid. I thought I would come back culture than the one I knew in Pakistan. not wise enough to give up. in two or three years and I would give him I saw faces of ladies at the mosque, My lack of interaction with the African that hug, knowing full well that if I didn’t whereas back in Pakistani mosques, women American Muslims was not the result of feel- initiate it, it wasn’t going to happen. could not be seen. They used to be on the ing superior to them. That never entered my mind.

36 MuslimSunrise fact it’ll confuse the heck out of your audience. Islam is a multi-cultural religion. It has adopted and adjusted to many cultures in the world. A wedding ceremony of a Muslim family in the Middle East is altogether different than one in Pakistan, Indonesia or Nigeria. Islam will also accommodate the American culture as it has done with others. It will take time. Our next generation will see some changes but I speculate that the generation after them will see Islam adapting to the American culture in a dramatic way. African Americans will be comfortable as will Pakistanis. In the physical world we see some substances that naturally do not interact with others. There are other substances called emulsifiers which enable the others to mix. Islam is the emulsifier for My lack of interaction with the African American Muslims humanity. It allows interaction while preserving identity. was not the result of feeling superior to them. That never People who join Islam should not expect to entered my mind. Similarly, I never felt any inclination that change a whole culture. They should make an effort to interact and appreciate the members they were in any way inferior to white people. My hesitation they share the mosque with. They need to live up to the religion they have accepted because was because of the language and culture. there is much to learn. They would not be able to reach the spiritual heights if they get hung up on issues like someone else not saying Similarly, I never felt any inclination that they were dies are cordial and say salaam to the African salaam to them or talking to them in English. in any way inferior to white people. My hesita- American sisters but then move on to the com- Initiate the hug instead of waiting for someone else to do so. Take it from me, you might be tion was because of the language and culture. fortable arena in the mosque where they can speak saving yourself from a lifetime of regret. Among all my closest friends, I don’t know of in Urdu, Punjabi or Pashto. Over the years, I have become close friends There is a lot to learn yet. The prayers in anyone who believes whites are superior to any Arabic, understanding of the Holy Qur’an, other race. It’s simply absurd thinking. with many of the African American brothers. We can sit together without speaking a word and wisdom from the ah-hadith of the Holy Prophet It is true that people in the sub-continent of SAW neither one would complain about one not saying Muhammad , the proper relationship with India generally admire lighter complexion, but this something to the other. I have invited several to the Khalifa of the time and the Islamic is strictly a legacy from the British Empire. People my home for dinner parties and have taken them upbringing of the children. Pakistanis are the tend to mimic those in power. Beauty is a physical to lunch or dinner at the restaurants as well. I have ones who brought the treasure of Islam to manifestation of socially desired values. For ex- noticed, though, that in all these years none of African Americans. Now it is up to them to take ample, those who have wealth in India and Paki- them has ever invited me to their homes. I never it to the next level and possibly bring it to the stan tend to not have to work the fields, so their took it serious enough that I would stop inviting Caucasians or Latino Americans. It is a way of life to be adopted and not just some Sufi skin is lighter. There, lighter skin is considered a them…but it got me to start thinking. It is like the hug I never got from my father. I don’t profess to rants and slogans. trait of beauty. On the contrary, those who have I imagine some of my African American wealth in the West tend to have more time for be a psychiatrist so I can’t perform a self-diagnosis, but I would have been thrilled even if I was invited brothers who are close are going to try to leisure in the sun and enjoy getting tans. The invite me out after reading this perspective. If West sees people with dark tans as a trait of for hot dogs and coffee. Yes, I am one of the few Pakistanis who would boast of eating hot dogs that’s what you’re thinking…forget it! It’s beauty. However, those deeply rooted in Islam and drinking black coffee. It is just the gesture of already too late. But seriously, that isn’t the see righteousness as the socially desired value the invitation that would have been significant. I point…besides, my wife wouldn’t eat hot dogs and therefore, cannot associate that with any know it is not because they don’t like me or have or drink coffee. Basically put, we all have physical attribute. Islamic beauty is seen as a no affection for me, we are otherwise a family. cultural differences in our homes. We just spiritual light that emanates from a person, re- As is the case with most families, we complain. don’t let that distract us from the lofty gardless of size, shape or color. Our African American brothers complain about aspirations of Islam. It is for this reason that we are a family. Our female Pakistani members also have cul- Pakistani brothers who speak in their own languages in the mosque and not English. Now It sounds redundant but brothers and tural barriers communicating and socializing with sisters are expected to be family.‹‹‹ the African American sisters. Many Pakistani la- that immigration has driven the number of Pakistani dies are not fluent in English because they choose members to be much higher, isolation of English not to work. When they see fellow Pakistani speakers is more visible. It is a cultural Falahud Din Shams phenomenon. women they like to talk about clothes and jewelry. After speaking the whole week in English at a African American sisters don’t wear the same job, you see your friends in the mosque and you clothes or the same jewelry. Shoes are probably want to converse and crack jokes in your native the only common element but that simply can’t tongue. In Pakistan the Punjabi jokes are absolutely sustain much of a conversation, although I’m sure hilarious, but translating them into English is a some women will prove me wrong. Pakistani la- sure way to kill the punch line, not to mention the

WINTER 2009 37

In the next issue (Spring 2010) of Muslim Sunrise, Inshallah, we will address every issue brought up by the writer in reference to the teachings of the Holy Quran.

„ RATIONALE BEHIND THE NAMES OF THE INDIVIDUAL CHAPTERS OF THE HOLY QUR'AN

„ ISLAMIC INJUNCTION TO FOLLOW THE LAW OF THE LAND

„ THE CONCEPT OF ABROGATION IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

„ THE SIGNIFICANCE OF JUMA IN ISLAM

„ TREATMENT OF JEWS AND CHRISTIANS BY THE HOLY PROPHET (SAWS)

„ FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION AND MALE CIRCUMCISION

„ APOSTASY IN ISLAM

„ COMPILATION OF THE HOLY QUR'AN INTO A TEXT

„ TRUE SEERAT OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAWS) IN MEDINA

„ THE HOLY QUR'AN AS THE MIRACLE OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAWS)

„ HOLY QUR'AN'S ACCOUNT OF A DAM AND EVE

„ POLYGAMY AND CONCUBINES IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

„ POLYGAMY AND CONCUBINES IN THE LIFE OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAWS)

„ ISLAMIC PURDAH AS COMPARED TO MODEST INJUNCTIONS IN THE PRECEDING FAITHS

„ BATTLE OF BADR

„ CONTEXT AND IMPLICATION OF THE WAR VERSES IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

„ ISLAM AND MADRASSAS

„ HADHRAT AISHA (RA) AND HER MARRIAGE TO THE HOLY PROPHET (SAWS)

„ OLD & NEW TESTAMENT REFERENCES AS RELATED TO JESUS' ASCENSION

„ DHIMMIS AND JIZYA

„ ETYMOLOGY OF "ALLAH" Love For All. Hatred For None. Four quarterly issues of the Muslim Sunrise for just $15 subscribe now muslimsunrise.com For information on Islam: www.alislam.org

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