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The Lived Experience of Being a Hundred Years and Over
The lived experience of being a hundred years and over By Ashwina Naiker-Ratan A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Health Research Victoria University of Wellington 2016 ABSTRACT The twentieth century has seen a decline in mortality after the age of eighty and an increase in survival rates of the oldest of the old. Centenarians (people over a hundred years of age) are the fastest growing group of this population in developed countries; however qualitative research on the oldest of the old is limited. The primary aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the essence of lived experiences and meanings of extended longevity as perceived by centenarians. It also aimed to explore the role of lifestyle characteristics, family, social, health and cultural factors in regards to their prolonged existence. The research was conducted with ten centenarians aged between 100 and 106 years living in the Lower North Island namely Wairarapa, Kapiti and Wellington of Aotearoa New Zealand. Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method of inquiry was used to guide the data collection through face-to-face interviews using unstructured open ended questions. Colazzi’s phenomenological framework was employed for data analysis. There were common patterns throughout the life stories related by the centenarians and resilience and acceptance of life was notable. The centenarians spoke nonchalantly about their experience of turning a hundred, describing their birthday as; “Just another day.” Positive personalities and resilient nature were prominent features of the participants who all expressed a sense of acceptance and satisfaction with life and contentment with living in the present. -
Biogerontology: a Novel Tool to Stay Healthy in Old Age
MoPAct Policy Brief: 5 Biogerontology: a novel tool to stay healthy in old age Policy priority Healthy lifestyle interventions in particular regarding nutrition and vaccination need to be implemented early in life with a lifecourse perspective. Summary: Key findings: • Accumulating evidence from experimental studies shows that aging is not inevitably linked with the development of chronic diseases. • Only 20-25% of healthy life expectancy (HLE) is predetermined by genes; lifestyle and environment play a major role. • Age-associated accumulation of molecular and cellular damage can be prevented or greatly delayed by lifestyle interventions e.g. dietary manipulations. • Classical strategies (e.g. nutrition, exercise, vaccination) require broad communication to public. • Novel strategies (e.g. dietary interventions, novel drugs, stem cells) need successful translation from the understanding of molecular mechanism to animal models to clinic. • To be successful interventions need to be started early Figure 1. Strategies to increase HLE. (1) Classical interventions include nutrition, exercise, vaccination, no smoking/alcohol/drugs. (2) Novel interventions include in life with a life-course perspective. dietary interventions, clearance of senescent and damaged cells, mitohormetics, stem cells, drugs against inflammation, rejuvenation factors from blood, telomeres, Background: epigenetic drugs, chaperons and proteolytic systems (novel interventions adapted from López-Otín et al., Cell 2013). Population aging is progressing fast in all developed countries. Aging is associated with the development of multiple serious chronic illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart Prevention disease, stroke, cancer, cognitive impairment and increased Prevention prior to the development of age-associated diseases morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. As people is key for successful aging. -
Disruptive Chemicals, Senescence and Immortality
Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality Carnero, A., Blanco-Aparicio, C., Kondoh, H., Lleonart, M. E., Martinez-Leal, J. F., Mondello, C., ... & Yasaei, H. (2015). Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality. Carcinogenesis, 36(Suppl 1), S19-S37. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv029 10.1093/carcin/bgv029 Oxford University Press Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Carcinogenesis, 2015, Vol. 36, Supplement 1, S19–S37 doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv029 Review review Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality Amancio Carnero*, Carmen Blanco-Aparicio1, Hiroshi Kondoh2, Matilde E. Lleonart3, Juan Fernando Martinez-Leal4, Chiara Mondello5, A.Ivana Scovassi5, William H.Bisson6, Amedeo Amedei7, Rabindra Roy8, Jordan Woodrick8, Annamaria Colacci9, Monica Vaccari9, Jayadev Raju10, Fahd Al-Mulla11, Rabeah Al- Downloaded from Temaimi11, Hosni K. Salem12, Lorenzo Memeo13, Stefano Forte13, Neetu Singh14, Roslida A. Hamid15, Elizabeth P. Ryan16, Dustin G. Brown16, John Pierce Wise Sr17, Sandra S.Wise17 and Hemad Yasaei18 http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/ Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CSIC/HUVR/Univ. Sevilla), Oncohematology and Genetics Department, Avda Manuel siurot sn, 41013 Sevilla, Spain, 1Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain, 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, 3Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119–129, -
"Anti-Aging Medicine" and "Successful Aging" Two Sides of the Same Coin? Views of Anti-Aging Practitioners
Flail. M.A., Seuerslen. R. A. Jr. , Ponsaran. R., & Fis hman. J.R. (20 1] ). Are ··:mt i-aging medicine'' and ··successful aging'' IWO sides of I he same coin ? Views of an ti-aging practitioners. Jmmwls or Geromolog y, Series 8: Psychological Scie11ces and Social Sciences. 68(6 ). 944--95 5. do i: 10.1093/geronb/gbt086. Ad va nce Access publicati on Septembe r 10. 20 13 Are "Anti-Aging Medicine" and "Successful Aging" Two Sides of the Same Coin? Views of Anti-Aging Practitioners Michael A. Flatt, 1 Richard A. Settersten Jr., 2 Roselle Ponsaran, 1 and Jennifer R. Fishman' 'Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 2Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 3Biomedical Ethics Unit and the Department of the Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada. Objectives. This article analyzes data from interviews with anti-aging practitioners to evaluate how their descriptions of the work they do, their definitions of aging, and their goals for their patients intersect with gerontological views of "successful aging." Method. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of 3 I anti-aging practitioners drawn from the direc tory of the American Academy for Anti-Aging Medicine. Results. Qualitative analysis of the transcripts demonstrate that practitioners' descriptions of their goals, intentionall y or unintentionally, mimic the dominant models of "successful aging." These include lowered ri sk of disease and di sabil ity, maintenance of high levels of mental and physical function. and continuing social engagement. Yet, the means and modes of achieving·these goals differ markedly between the two groups, as do the messages that each group puts fo rth in defending their position s. -
Supercentenarians Landscape Overview
Supercentenarians Landscape Overview Top-100 Living Top-100 Longest-Lived Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active Executive and Infographic Summary GERONTOLOGY RESEARCH GROUP www.aginganalytics.com www.grg.org Supercentenarians Landscape Overview Foreword 3 Top-100 Living Supercentenarians Overview 44 Preface. How Long Can Humans Live and 4 Ages of Oldest Living Supercentenarians by Country 46 the Importance of Age Validation Top-100 Living Supercentenarians Continental Executive Summary 10 47 Distribution by Gender Introduction. 26 Top-100 Living Supercentenarians Distribution by Age 50 All Validated Supercentenarians Сhapter III. Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active All Supercentenarians Region Distribution by Gender 29 52 Living Centenarians Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active Centenarians All Supercentenarians Distribution by Nations 30 53 Overview Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active Centenarians Longest-Lived Supercentenarians Distribution by Country 31 54 Distribution by Nation Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active Centenarians All Supercentenarians Distribution by Gender and Age 32 55 Gender Distribution Top-25 Socially and Professionally Active Centenarians Сhapter I. Top-100 Longest-Lived Supercentenarians 35 56 Distribution by Type of Activity Chapter IV. Profiles of Top-100 Longest-Lived Top-100 Longest-Lived Supercentenarians Overview 36 57 Supercentenarians Top-100 Longest-Lived Supercentenarians Regional 38 Chapter V. Profiles of Top-100 Living Supercentenarians 158 Distribution by Gender Top-100 Longest-Lived Supercentenarians Distribution by Chapter VI. Profiles of Top-25 Socially and Professionally 40 259 Age Active Living Centenarians and Nonagenarians Сhapter II. Top-100 Living Supercentenarians 43 Disclaimer 285 Executive Summary There have always been human beings who have lived well beyond normal life expectancy, these ‘supercentenarians’ who lived past 110 years of age. -
The Emergence of Senescent Surface Biomarkers As Senotherapeutic Targets
cells Review The Emergence of Senescent Surface Biomarkers as Senotherapeutic Targets Martina Rossi and Kotb Abdelmohsen * Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, RNA Regulation Section, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Senescence is linked to a wide range of age-associated diseases and physiological declines. Thus, senotherapeutics are emerging to suppress the detrimental effects of senescence either by senomorphics or senolytics. Senomorphics suppress the traits associated with senescence phenotypes, while senolytics aim to clear senescent cells by suppressing their survival and enhancing the apoptotic pathways. The main goal of these approaches is to suppress the proinflammatory senescence- associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and to promote the immune recognition and elimination of senescent cells. One increasingly attractive approach is the targeting of molecules or proteins specifically present on the surface of senescent cells. These proteins may play roles in the maintenance and survival of senescent cells and hence can be targeted for senolysis. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge regarding senolysis with a focus on novel surface biomarkers of cellular senescence and discuss their emergence as senotherapeutic targets. Keywords: senescence; surface proteins; surfaceome; senolytics; senolysis; senostatic; senescent cell clearance; senotherapeutics; senotherapy Citation: Rossi, M.; Abdelmohsen, K. The Emergence of Senescent Surface Biomarkers as Senotherapeutic Targets. Cells 2021, 10, 1740. 1. Introduction https://doi.org/10.3390/cells Cellular senescence is a phenotype associated with limited replicative capacity and 10071740 irreversible growth arrest of primary cells first described by Leonard Hayflick in the early 1960s [1]. -
Does Senescence Promote Fitness in Caenorhabditis Elegans by Causing Death?
Institute of Healthy Ageing Preprint 1st Nov 2018 Essay Does senescence promote fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans by causing death? Jennifer N. Lohr1, Evgeniy R. Galimov1 and David Gems* Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. 1These authors contributed equally. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Gems). 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing Preprint 1st Nov 2018 Abstract A widely appreciated conclusion from evolutionary theory is that senescence (aging) is of no adaptive value to the individual that it afflicts. Yet studies of C. elegans and S. cerevisiae are increasingly revealing the presence of processes which actively cause senescence and death, leading some biogerontologists to wonder about the established theory. Here we argue that programmed death that increases fitness could occur in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae, and that this is consistent with the classic evolutionary theory of aging. This is because of the special conditions under which these organisms have evolved, particularly the existence of clonal populations with limited dispersal and, in the case of C. elegans, the brevity of the reproductive period caused by protandry. Under these conditions, death-promoting mechanisms could promote worm fitness by enhancing inclusive fitness, or worm colony fitness through group selection. Such altruistic, adaptive death is not expected to evolve in organisms with outbred, dispersed populations. The plausibility of adaptive death in C. elegans is supported by computer modelling studies, and new knowledge about the ecology of this species. To support these arguments we also review the biology of adaptive death, and distinguish three forms: consumer sacrifice, biomass sacrifice and defensive sacrifice. -
From Here to Immortality: Anti-Aging Medicine
FromFrom HereHere toto Immortality:Immortaalitty: AAnti-AgingAnnntti-AAgging MMedicineedicine Anti-aging medicine is a $5 billion industry. Despite its critics, researchers are discovering that inter ventions designed to turn back time may prove to be more science than fiction. By Trudie Mitschang 14 BioSupply Trends Quarterly • October 2013 he symptoms are disturbing. Weight gain, muscle Shifting Attitudes Fuel a Booming Industry aches, fatigue and joint stiffness. Some experience The notion that aging requires treatment is based on a belief Thear ing loss and diminished eyesight. In time, both that becoming old is both undesirable and unattractive. In the memory and libido will lapse, while sagging skin and inconti - last several decades, aging has become synonymous with nence may also become problematic. It is a malady that begins dete rioration, while youth is increasingly revered and in one’s late 40 s, and currently 100 percent of baby boomers admired. Anti-aging medicine is a relatively new but thriving suffer from it. No one is immune and left untreated ; it always field driven by a baby- boomer generation fighting to preserve leads to death. A frightening new disease, virus or plague? No , its “forever young” façade. According to the market research it’s simply a fact of life , and it’s called aging. firm Global Industry Analysts, the boomer-fueled consumer The mythical fountain of youth has long been the subject of base will push the U.S. market for anti-aging products from folklore, and although it is both natural and inevitable, human about $80 billion now to more than $114 billion by 2015. -
Shared Ageing Research Models (Sharm): a New Facility to Support Ageing Research
Biogerontology (2013) 14:789–794 DOI 10.1007/s10522-013-9457-0 METHOD Shared Ageing Research Models (ShARM): a new facility to support ageing research Adele L. Duran • Paul Potter • Sara Wells • Tom Kirkwood • Thomas von Zglinicki • Anne McArdle • Cheryl Scudamore • Qing-Jun Meng • Gerald de Haan • Anne Corcoran • Ilaria Bellantuono Received: 5 July 2013 / Accepted: 16 August 2013 / Published online: 2 October 2013 Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract In order to manage the rise in life expec- Wellcome Trust, open to all investigators. It collects, tancy and the concomitant increased occurrence of stores and distributes flash frozen tissues from aged age-related diseases, research into ageing has become murine models through its biorepository and provides a strategic priority. Mouse models are commonly a database of live ageing mouse colonies available in utilised as they share high homology with humans and the UK and abroad. It also has an online environment show many similar signs and diseases of ageing. (MICEspace) for collation and analysis of data from However, the time and cost needed to rear aged communal models and discussion boards on subjects cohorts can limit research opportunities. Sharing of such as the welfare of ageing animals and common resources can provide an ethically and economically endpoints for intervention studies. Since launching in superior framework to overcome some of these issues July 2012, thanks to the generosity of researchers in but requires dedicated infrastructure. Shared Ageing UK and Europe, ShARM has collected more than Research Models (ShARM) (www.ShARMUK.org) 2,500 tissues and has in excess of 2,000 mice regis- is a new, not-for-profit organisation funded by tered in live ageing colonies. -
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Article Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis Graphical abstract Authors Christopher D. Wiley, Rishi Sharma, Sonnet S. Davis, ..., Marco Demaria, Arvind Ramanathan, Judith Campisi Correspondence [email protected] (C.D.W.), [email protected] (A.R.), [email protected] (J.C.) In brief Senolytics, transgenic, and pharmacological interventions that selectively kill senescent cells are currently in clinical trials aiming to treat age-related degenerative pathologies. Here, Wiley et al. discover that senescent cells produce multiple signaling lipids known as oxylipins. One oxylipin, dihomo-15d-PGJ2, promotes features of senescence by activating RAS and is released from cells during senolysis, serving as the first biomarker of the Highlights process in culture and in vivo. d Senescent cells make several oxylipins, dihomo- prostaglandins, and leukotrienes d Dihomo-15d-PGJ2 is intracellular during senescence and released during senolysis d Dihomo-15d-PGJ2 activates RAS, promoting senescence and the SASP d Positive feedback between prostaglandins, RAS, and p53 maintains senescence Wiley et al., 2021, Cell Metabolism 33, 1–13 June 1, 2021 ª 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.008 ll Please cite this article in press as: Wiley et al., Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis, Cell Metabolism (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.008 ll Article Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis Christopher D. Wiley,1,2,* Rishi Sharma,1 Sonnet S. Davis,1 Jose Alberto Lopez-Dominguez,1 Kylie P. Mitchell,1 Samantha Wiley,1 Fatouma Alimirah,1 Dong Eun Kim,1 Therese Payne,1 Andrew Rosko,1 Eliezer Aimontche,1 Sharvari M. -
Read Our New Annual Report
The seeds of a concept. The roots of an idea. The potential of a world free of age-related disease. Photo: Sherry Loeser Photography SENS Research Foundation Board of Directors Barbara Logan, Chair Bill Liao, Secretary Kevin Perrott, Treasurer Michael Boocher Jonathan Cain Kevin Dewalt Michael Kope Jim O’Neill Frank Schüler Sherry Loeser Photography 2 Contents CEO Letter (Jim O’Neill) 4 Finances 5 Donors 6 - 7 Fundraising & Conferences 8 - 9 Around the World with Aubrey de Grey 10 Outreach 11 Founding CEO Tribute & Underdog Pharmaceuticals 12 - 13 Investments 14 Welcome New Team Members 15 Education 16 - 17 Publications & Research Advisory Board 18 Research Summaries 19 - 22 Ways to Donate 23 The SRF Team Front row: Anne Corwin (Engineer/Editor), Amutha Boominathan (MitoSENS Group Lead), Alexandra Stolzing (VP of Research), Aubrey de Grey (Chief Science Officer), Jim O’Neill (CEO), Bhavna Dixit (Research Associate). Center row: Caitlin Lewis (Research Associate), Lisa Fabiny-Kiser (VP of Operations), Gary Abramson (Graphics), Maria Entraigues-Abramson (Global Outreach Coordinator), Jessica Lubke (Administrative Assistant). Back row: Tesfahun Dessale Admasu (Research Fellow), Amit Sharma (ImmunoSENS Group Lead), Michael Rae (Science Writer), Kelly Protzman (Executive Assistant). Not Pictured: Greg Chin (Director, SRF Education), Ben Zealley (Website/Research Assistant/ Deputy Editor) Photo: Sherry Loeser Photography, 2019 3 From the CEO At our 2013 conference at Queens College, Cambridge, I closed my talk by saying, “We should not rest until we make aging an absurdity.” We are now in a very different place. After a lot of patient explanation, publication of scientific results, conferences, and time, our community persuaded enough scientists of the feasibility of the damage repair approach to move SENS and SENS Research Foundation from the fringes of scientific respectability to the vanguard of a mainstream community of scientists developing medical therapies to tackle human aging. -
HCB 524 — Transhumanism
HCB 524 Special Topic in Bioethics Fall Semester, 2019. Tuesdays 6-8:30pm. Instructor of Record: Adam Sepe, MA, MLS(ASCP)cm [email protected] Course Description: Transhumanism and [Human?] Dignity. Throughout human history — and prehistory for that matter — technological advancement has drastically altered every aspect of human life. Most of us will say that many advents — such as cooking and the wheel — have been largely, if not entirely, beneficial. Would we say the same of all technology? Surely each of us can list technologies that have, in the very least, some considerable downsides. So while history and experience can tell us that some technologies are beneficial and that some other technologies are harmful, how can we know what kind of impact future technology will have? For now we can’t, and so all we can do is try, to the best of our ability, to imagine such futures and develop our technology with these considerations in mind. ‘Transhumanism’ refers a diverse collection of ideas that have one at least thing in common: through future technology, humanity will be fundamentally altered to an unprecedented degree. Some even believe there will come a time when, through our own action, the word ‘human’ will be obsolete; that we will be succeeded by entities (or an entity) for which ‘human’ does not apply. Most people who identify as transhumanists are, to varying degrees, proponents of such technology. They are in favor of such alterations and they argue that these will be beneficial. In this course, we will take a critical look at transhumanist claims.