(AFI) Baseline Report
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Accelerating Farm Incomes (AFI) Baseline Report BUILDING SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH, MARKETS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TELANGANA STATE, INDIA April 2020 INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT CENTER PO BOX 2040 | MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 | USA Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Context ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Approach ................................................................................................................................... 2 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................. 2 I Background ............................................................................................................................. 6 The Walmart Foundation Initiative ........................................................................................... 7 Baseline Survey ........................................................................................................................ 8 II Approach ................................................................................................................................. 9 Sample Survey and Methodology ............................................................................................. 9 Scrutiny and Analysis ............................................................................................................. 13 III Profile of the Sample Villages .............................................................................................. 14 Rural and Peri-Urban .............................................................................................................. 14 Natural Resources ................................................................................................................... 15 Livestock ................................................................................................................................. 17 Agricultural Input Use ............................................................................................................ 18 Access to Markets ................................................................................................................... 20 IV Anatomy of Agriculture: Dynamics and Drivers ............................................................... 21 Crop Profiles ........................................................................................................................... 23 Land Preparation and Sowing ................................................................................................. 25 Input Use ................................................................................................................................. 26 Seed ................................................................................................................................... 26 Water ................................................................................................................................. 28 Fertilizers .......................................................................................................................... 29 Pesticides........................................................................................................................... 31 Labor ................................................................................................................................. 33 Credit................................................................................................................................. 35 Produce Marketing .................................................................................................................. 37 Crop Production Costs and Returns ........................................................................................ 39 Livestock Composition and Income ....................................................................................... 46 V Accelerating Farm Incomes: Potential and Constraints ................................................... 48 Yield Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................. 48 Factors Influencing Yield Variations ...................................................................................... 51 VI Summary and Way Forward ............................................................................................... 53 References .................................................................................................................................... 57 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 59 Questionnaire .......................................................................................................................... 79 AFI Baseline Report i Acronyms % AI Area Under Irrigation AFI Accelerating Farm Income AFS Average Farm Size CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DAP Diammonium Phosphate FGDs Focus Groups Discussions FPO Farmer Producer Organization FYM Farmyard Manure GAPs Good Agricultural Practices GoI Government of India HH Household HYV High-Yielding Variety IFDC International Fertilizer Development Center KII Key Informant Interview LNRMI Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management Institute MANAGE National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management PUA Peri-Urban Agriculture SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences SSP Single Superphosphate STW Shallow Tubewell TSP Triple Superphosphate VIF Variance Inflation Factor AFI Baseline Report ii Abstract The baseline assessment of Accelerating Farm Incomes aims to understand existing socio- economic conditions of the farm families, crop practices, cropping systems, access to resources, and market systems. This assessment provides insights into the potential to enhance farm incomes and the constraints that need to be dealt with in the selected districts. Apart from providing some insights to facilitate appropriate interventions, it provides a good set of indicators which form the basis for monitoring and evaluation in future. AFI Baseline Report iii Accelerating Farm Incomes (AFI) Baseline Report Building Sustainable Soil Health, Markets, and Productivity In Telangana State, India Executive Summary Context The Government of India (GoI) aims to double farmers’ income during the next five years through various policies and strategies along with innovative technologies. A number of strategies are identified to promote sustainable intensification in terms of improving soil quality, applying integrated nutrient management, strengthening extension network, improving quality of livestock, promoting horticulture, etc. While most of these strategies are directed toward sustainable intensification, they are also likely to improve viability of agriculture. Apart from the government, private sector, private-public partnerships, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are being encouraged in this direction. The Walmart Foundation awarded the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) a development project titled “Accelerating Farm Incomes (AFI): Building Sustainable Soil Health, Markets, and Productivity in Telangana State, India. This AFI project has a 34-month intervention strategy starting in October 1, 2019. It is designed to strengthen and reorient agricultural production systems in the peri-urban agriculture (PUA) and rural areas of the Telangana State, India. The AFI project is being implemented in three districts of Telangana State – Mahabubnagar, Medak, and Rangareddy. The project aims to directly and indirectly enhance the productivity of 90,000 farmers by 25% and income by U.S. $200 per year. Directly the project would cover 30,000 farming households. It will contribute substantially to technology diffusion, capacity building, and micro-enterprise development. The project is expected to achieve an immediate impact on improved yields and increased farmer income through improved resource use efficiency and linking farmers with markets. Emphasis is on dissemination of good agricultural practices (GAPs), including improved technologies, to PUA farmers. The diffusion of improved technologies requires attention to both demand- and supply-side issues – to create farmer awareness and improve knowledge of the use and benefits of GAPs and technology (a precursor to demand growth) and concurrently to stimulate entrepreneurial investment in agro-input and quality product supply. A baseline survey is required to understand the current demographic situation and socio-economic conditions of the farm families, including current agriculture production and soil fertility management practices, and cropping systems, as well as market requirements and existing gaps. AFI Baseline Report 1 The baseline assessment will help identify appropriate interventions and forms the basis for monitoring and evaluation. The baseline data will be used to measure project impacts as defined by the results indicators, such as increased yields of selected crops, gross/net margins of farmers, increasing area under GAPs (use of