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Earthquakes 1935 W.Pdf U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Daniel C. Roper, Secretary COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY R. S. P.tton, Director Serial No. 600 UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKES 1935 BY FRANK NEUMANN Senior Mathematician UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1937 Icor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.---Price 15 cents CONTENTS Introduction Pag Noninstrumental results 1 Earthquake activity in the various States 5 Northeastern region 5 Eastern region 7 Central region 14 Western mountain region 15 California and western Nevada 17 Washington and Oregon 29 Alaska 38 Hawaiian Islands 38 Philippine Islands 39 Puerto Rico 3 Panama Canal Zone 40 Miscellaneous activities 4OE 41 The Helena, Mont., earthquakes of Octoberand November, 1935 Seismological observatory results 42 Strong-motion seismograph results 57 Introduction 60 60 List of shocks recorded and records obtainedon strong-motion seismo- graphs in 1935 6 The northern California earthquake of January2, 1935 62 The northern California earthquake of March3, 1935 62 The southern California earthquake of July 13,1935 62 The Imperial Valley earthquakes of September8, 1935 64 The southern California earthquake of October24, 1935 The Helena,, Mont., earthquakes of October 27, 66 21, and 2S, 1935 31, November 4, 5, 6, 67 The Imperial Valley earthquake of December19, 1935 80 Summary of strong-motion seismograph datafor the year 1935 83 Instrumental constants of strong-motion seismographsin 1935 8 Descriptions of strong-motion seismographstations List of strong-motion seismograph stations, 88 Tilt observations 1935 88 Additions and corrections to previous publications 90 9OE ILLUSTRATIONS Earthquake epicenters, 1935 6 Isoseismal map of the Timiskaming, Canada,earthquake of November 1, 1935, for United States only Facing 8 Isoseismal map of the Southern Appalachianearthquake of January 1, 1935, based on original map by G. W. Crickmayand L. MitchelL. 15 Area affected by the Nebraska earthquakeof March 1, 1935 16 Approximate area affected by the Helena, Mont.,earthquakes of Octo- ber 12, and November 28, 1935 19 Isoseismal map of the Helena, Mont., earthquakeof October 18, 1935 Facing 20 Isoseismal map of the Helena, Mont., earthquakeof October 31, 1935 Facing 26 Areas affected by the California earthquakesof January 2, June 19, 19, July 13, October 24, 25, and November 3, 1935 3 Faults in the region of Helena, Mont., fromH. W. Scott's report "The Montana Earthquakes of 1935" 44 Seismograph record of the Helena earthquake ofNovember 28, obtained at the Montana State College, Bozeman 46 South Main Street, looking east.Helena North wing of high school. 49 Helena 5OE III 1V CONTENTS Page Bryant school.Helena 50 County poor farm.Two miles north of Helena 50 Shrine Temple.Hnlsna 51 State Armory.Helena 51 Residence, Twelfth and Ewing Streets.Helena 52 National Biscuit Co.Helena 52 Crack which spouted water and sand.Five miles northeast of Helena 52 Daily frequency chart of earthquakes at Helena.Based on observa- tions by W. E. Maughan 56 Tracings of strong-motion seismograph records ofnorthern California earthquakes of January 2 and March 3 63 Tracings of strong-motion seismograph records of southernCalifornia earthquakes of July 13 and September 8 65 Tracings of strong-motion seismograph records of southernCalifornia earthquakes of September 8 and October 24 68 Tracings of Helena, Mont., accelerographrecords of October 27, 31, November 4 and 5 69 Accelerographrecord of the Helena, Mont., earthquake of October31. Section 1 70 Accelerograph record of the Helena, Mont., earthquakeof October 31. Section 2 71 Velocity curve computed from the Helena, Mont.,accelerograph record of October 31.North-south component 74 Velocity curve computed from the Helena,Mont., accelerograph record of October 31.East-west component 75 Velocity curve computed from the Helena, Mont.,accelerograph record of October 31.Vertical component-- 76 Displacement curves computed from the Helena, Mont.,accelerograph record of October 31.Adjustment "A" 77 Displacement curves computed from the Helena,Mont., accelerograph record of October 31.Adjustment "B" 78 Tracings of strong-motion seismograph records of theHelena, Mont., earthquakes of November 6 and 21, and thesouthern California earthquake of December 19 81 Accelerograph record of the Helena, Mont., earthquakesof Novem- ber 28 82 Tilt curves for 1935 Facing 90 UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKES, 1935 INTRODUCTION This publication is a summary of earthquake activity in the United States and the regions under its jurisdiction for the calendaryear 1935.The period up to 1927 for the United States is covered, for all except minor earthquakes, by Special Publication No. 149 of the Bureau, "Earthquake History of the United States Exclusive of the Pacific Region", and by several publications for the Pacific region. These include the Holden and MeAdie catalogs,1 Special Publication No. 191 of the Bureau, "Destructive and Near-Destructive Earth- quakes in California and Western Nevada, 1769-1933", anda forth- coming publication of the Seismological Society of America.The period from 1928 on is covered by the series to which the present publication belongs. Earthquakes of volcanic origin in the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands are not included, and only severe shocks are included in the case of the Philippine Islands as complete reportsare published by the Manila Central Observatory.Earthquakes adjacent to the United States and felt within its borders are described only ina general way when detailed descriptions are published elsewhere. Cooperation oJ irivestiqators solicited.In order that these publi- cations may be as complete as possible in the more important details of earthquakes and in references, itis desired that investigators cooperate to the fullest extent, as such cooperation will be to the mutual advantage of everyone concerned.The Bureau is willing to furnish investigators all information at its disposai consisting prin- cipally of seismographic records and post-card questionne ires ob- tained in many instances through special canvassing of affected areas.In return it is requested that preferably advance notices be furnished of results obtained so that abstracts and referencis may be inserted with due credit given thesources.An advance notice of a planned investigation might save considerable overlapçing of effort and would give wider publicity to the work of the investigator. The noninstruinental information lias been furnished bya large number of individuals and organizations whose voluntary cooperation has made it possible to prepare descriptions of the earthquakes of this country with a completeness and accuracy never before attained. Lack of space prohibits giving individual credit to ttll of thecoop- erators.The principal sources of information are as follows: United States Weather Eureau. Central office of the Jesuit Seismological Association of St. Louis, Mo. i Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1089. A catalog of Earthquakes on the Pacific Coast, 1769- 1897.Edward S. Holden. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1721.Catalog of Earthquakes on the Pacific Coast, 1897-1901.Alexander G. MeAdie. i 2 COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY The Seismological Field Survey of the Bureau at San Francisco, cooperating with the Seismological Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution and California Institute of Technology (H O. Wood, research associate, in charge), University of California (Perry Byerly in charge of the seismological station), and Stanford University. Among the commercial agencies on the West coast rendering val- uable services are telephone, power, oil, railroad, and especially insurance com- panies.Certain concerns interested in the earthquake-resistant qualities of their products are also active, together with various organizations of structural engineers and architects. The reports from Alaska are due largely to the efforts of Dr. C. E. Bunnell, president of the University of Alaska. Press dispatches received through the courtesy of Georgetown University. Telegraphic reports collected by Science Service, Washington. Bulletins of the Seismological Society of America. Interested individuals in various parts of the country. In addition to the above sources of information, the Coast and Geo- detic Survey, or its seismological field survey at San Francisco, can- vasses areas affected by shocks of unusual intensity.In this way the extent and the maximum intensities of all heavy slìocks are deter- mined and the data are usually sufficient to construct isoseismal maps or, at least, maps of the affected areas.The seismological station of the University of California, Berkeley, and the seismological labora- tory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the California Institute of Technology, at Pasadena, cooperate actively in the can- vassing program arranged especially for the Pacific coast region. Notes on theregional earthquake tabulations.The destructive features of all shocks are enumerated in the abstracts, but otherwise the descriptive matter is reduced to a minimum. The original reports are open for inspection by anyone interested in unpublished details. More detailed descriptions of earthquakes on the West coast will be found in mimeographed reports available at the San Francisco field station. Beginning with the 1931 number of this series, Serial No. 553, the Coast and Geodetic Survey has used and will continue to use the modified Mercalli intensity scale of 1931, in place of the Rossi- Forel scale, to designate the intensity of earthquake activity.All intensity
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