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New Species and Additional Specimens of Giant Cicadas from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha: Palaeontinidae)

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New Species and Additional Specimens of Giant Cicadas from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha: Palaeontinidae) Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 6: 23-31, March 31, 2008 New species and additional specimens of giant cicadas from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha: Palaeontinidae) Kyoichiro UEDA Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-0071, Japan （Received October 1, 2007; accepted January 20, 2008） ABSTRACT ― Four new species of Mesozoic cicada family Palaeontinidae are described from the Lower Cretaceous of Araripe, Northeast Brazil: Parawonnacottella signifer n. sp., Colossocossus acutus n. sp., Baeocossus rotundatus n. sp., and Baeocossus muratai n. sp. Furthermore, a new complete adult specimen with wings is described for the species Parawonnacottella araripensis. During the curation of the fossil insects collection of and closely situated medially; medial region of head pointed in Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History dorsal view; a deep furrow present on pronotum; mesothorax (KMNH), five specimens of Palaeontinidae from Araripe (Lower large, 15 mm long x 20 mm wide, at its widest point, bearing a Cretaceous) of Brazil were found and are described here. On the distinct medial ridge; abdomen 12 mm long with six discernible wing venation system I follow WHALLEY & JARZEMBOWSKI (1985) segments; posterior margin of each segment ornamented with and the names by KUKALOVÁ-PECK (1991) and DWORAKOWSKA minute punctures; ornamented region broadened towards terminal (1988) are added in the parentheses on each figures. All the segment. Fore wing missing antero-basal region between costa previously described species of Palaeontinidae from the Crato and R; cross vein CuA2-CuP distinct; traces of wing patterns Formation have recently been reviewed by MENON, HEADS & present alongside each vein, especially remarkable on apical SZWEDO in MARTILL et al. (2007: 284-289). region beyond M2 and forming a narrow line curved inwardly. Hind wing narrow with distinct three veins; Rs branched from R For all specimens the locality and horizon is Nova Olinda, basally from midwing; M1 evenly curved. Araripe Basin, N. E. Brazil, Crato Formation, Upper Aptian to Lower Albian (MAISEY, 1990). All scales in the figures are 10 Almost complete adult specimen preserved in dorsal aspect. mm. Dimension. Fore wing length 48 mm, width 21 mm; hind wing length 25 mm; wing expanse 95 mm; pronotum length 16 mm, SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY width 21 mm; abdomen length 13 mm; total body length 30 mm. Superorder Hemiptera Depository. MURATA collection in KMNH. Order Auchenorrhyncha Suborder Cicadomorpha Remarks. This is the first record of P. araripensis in the almost Superfamily Cicadoidea complete condition. The small head and the closely situated eyes Family Palaeontinidae HANDLIRSCH, 1906 are remarkable. The venation of hind wing was not able to trace completely because of its direction in the fossilization. Genus Parawonnacottella UEDA, 1996 Diagnosis. Anterior margin smooth, where the nodal line reaches Parawonnacottella signifer n. sp. the margin; cell between Rs and M1 almost equally separated by (Figs. 2, 6B) the nodal line: CuA1 aligned with stem of CuA; CuA2 strongly curved towards CuP just after the branch with CuA1. Diagnosis. Wing markings and bands distinct. Name. After wing markings and bands present. Parawonnacottella araripensis UEDA, 1996 (Figs. 1, 6A) Description. Species known from single right fore wing, basally cut artificially. Antero-basal region of fore wing partly missing; Head small, 1/3 of the width of mesothorax; eyes small anterior margin of irregularly sinuous; other veins arranged as 24 Kyoichiro UEDA (CP) nodal line (ScP) AP AA R (RA) CuP CuA CuA M M M 4 3 M R 2 (MP 2 (MP 1 S (MP 1 (RP) (MA) 3/4 2 ) 1 ) ) Fig. 1. Parawonnacottella araripensis Ueda. Dorsal, complete adult specimen. those of Parawonnacottella; wing was wrinkled near distal margin Description. Species known from single left fore wing; most below Rs. of CP, basal portions of Rs, CuA1 and CuA2, apical portions of Wing markings; six dark grey patches beyond ScP present Rs, M1-4 and CuA1, and CuP are missing. Wing triangular with in the cell below costa and R; dark grey band broad, running apical region pointed; costa rather straight and not so indented at from R to M3 beyond nodal line, separated into two faint and nodus; CP only discernable at middle; ScP missing just from R irregular bands below M3 and reached to inner margin; pale but distinct to Costa; cell between Rs and M1 narrow and distal grey submarginal patch from R to M3 and apical patch faint region beyond nordal line 1/2 as long as basal region. R, Rs and and irregular; discal region from base of M pale grey basally; M divided trichotomously from antero-basal edge of discal cell; postnodal region pale grey; four small patches discernable in cell stem of M distinct; M-CuA indistinct but only traceable from below CuP. M; M1-2 branched dichotomously but stem of M3-4 very short and almost from nodal line. Cross vein r-m short. CuA branched Holotype. Right fore wing. KMNH IP 000,007 dichotomously; CuA1 evenly curved anteriorly; CuA2 strongly Dimension. Length 52 mm (from the cut-off basal margin to curved apically toward tornus; CuP untraceable; AA and AP apex), width 28 mm. almost parallel and straight to inner margin. Remarks. Grey bands and markings are well preserved. This is Holotype. Left fore wing. KMNH IP 000,008 the third species of Parawonnacottella and the first record with Dimension. Length 63 mm, width 23 mm. distinct wing markings. Remarks. This specimen is similar to Colossocossus rugosa MENON et al., but apparently different from it by the following Genus Colossocossus MENON, HEADS & MARTILL, 2005 character-states: Colossocossus acutus n. sp. 1) costa not so indented at the nodus, (Figs. 3, 6C) 2) R, Rs and M from antero-basal edge of discal cell, 3) fore wing length longer than rugosa (57 mm). Diagnosis. Wing length 63 mm. Nodus not so indented. R, Rs, M divided from the antero-basal edge of discal cell. Unfortunately the genus Colossocossus was established Name. After apical region of the wing pointed. based on rather poor specimens (MENON et al., 2005), i. e., the basal wing regions of the species in this genus are not well preserved. The stem of M (crossvein of MENON & HEADS, 2005) New and additional palaeontinid species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil 25 R (RA) Rs (RP) M1 (MA) M2 (MP1) nodal line M3 (MP2) (ScP) M4 (MP3/4) CuA1 (CP) ? CuA2 M stem CuP AA AP Fig. 2. Parawonnacottella signifer n. sp. Holotype, right fore wing. was not found in C. loveridgei and C. rugosa (l. c., Figs. 2A-B, 3), from the nodal line (Sc present) and Rs and M not bifurcated but it was observed in C. bechlyi (l. c., Fig. 4), and the generic in C. bechlyi. These conditions clearly suggest that the generic diagnosis was changed from “ triangular antenodal discal region diagnosis of Colossocossus should be revised at least on its basal reaching wing base” to “ reaching wing base or with proximal wing region. The wrinkled texture on the posterior margin of end close to wing base, free of crossveins or with one crossvein” the fore wing is probably the natural condition of large winged (MENON & HEADS, 2005: 7). The basal branching patterns on Palaeontinidae (see Parawonnacottella signifer). R, Rs and M are different on each species, i. e., Rs and M are So, here I tentatively placed this new species into the genus bifurcated in C. loveridgei (the basal region of R indistinct), R Colossocossus mainly from the shape of postnodal discal region and M bifurcated then R and Rs bifurcated in C. rugosa, and R and the arrangement of M3-4. 26 Kyoichiro UEDA R (RA) Rs (RP) M1 (MA) (ScP) M2 (MP1) nodal line (CP) M3 (MP2) M stem M4 (MP3/4) M4-CuA CuA1 CuA2 postnodal discal region CuP AA AP Fig. 3. Colossocossus acutus n. sp. Holotype, left fore wing. below CP; distal region of cell between Rs and M beyond nodal line shorter than basal region; cross vein r-m short; M branched Genus Baeocossus MENON, HEADS & MARTILL, 2005 dichotomously; M3 and M4 abruptly branched at antero-distal Baeocossus rotundatus n. sp. edge of postnodal discal region; CuA branched dichotomously; (Figs. 4, 6D) CuA1 slightly shifted posteriorly but almost aligned with stem of CuA; CuA2 moderately curved towards CuP after postero-distal Diagnosis. Small species; fore wing length 26 mm with round edge of postnodal discal region; CuP, AA and AP almost straight apex; M3 and M4 branched at antero-distal edge of postnodal to inner margin. discal region. Name. After round apex of fore wing. Holotype. Almost complete specimen, KMNH IP 000,009 Dimension. Fore wing length 26 mm, width 10 mm. Pronotum Description. Almost complete specimen in dorsal aspect; the 11 mm wide. basal region of both fore wings slightly missing; hind wings present; each vein of hind wing not clearly traced; terminal Remarks. This new species differs from the known Baeocossus region of abdomen missing; wing markings and bands present species by the following characher-states: but indistinct. 1) small size (fore wing length 26 mm), Fore wing narrow, triangular with round apex; nodus slightly 2) apex of fore wing round, indented; CP present and parallel with costa to nodal line; R(RA) 3) M3 and M4 abruptly branched at antero-distal edge of and Rs(RP) from the base of wing; R(RA) below Rs(RP) near the postnodal discal region. base but not anastomosing each other and running almost parallel 4) markings and bands present below costa and on whole fore New and additional palaeontinid species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil 27 M stem R(RA) (CP) Rs(RP) nodal line (ScP) AP AA R (RA) CuP CuA CuA M M 4 (MP 1 2 3 M (MP Rs (RP) M 2 (MP 3/4 1 (MA) ) 2 ) 1 ) Fig.
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