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Die Multiple Identität Der Technik

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Die Multiple Identität Der Technik Kirstin Lenzen Die multiple Identität der Technik | Band 9 Editorial Moderne Gesellschaften sind nur zu begreifen, wenn Technik und Körper konzeptu- ell einbezogen werden. Erst in diesen Materialitäten haben Handlungen einen fes- ten Ort, gewinnen soziale Praktiken und Interaktionen an Dauer und Ausdehnung. Techniken und Körper hingegen ohne gesellschaftliche Praktiken zu beschreiben – seien es diejenigen des experimentellen Herstellens, des instrumentellen Handelns oder des spielerischen Umgangs –, bedeutete den Verzicht auf das sozialtheoreti- sche Erbe von Marx bis Plessner und von Mead bis Foucault sowie den Verlust der kritischen Distanz zu Strategien der Kontrolle und Strukturen der Macht. Die biowissenschaftliche Technisierung des Körpers und die Computer-, Nano- und Netzrevolutionen des Technischen führen diese beiden materiellen Dimensionen des Sozialen nunmehr so eng zusammen, dass Körper und Technik als »sozio-orga- nisch-technische« Hybrid-Konstellationen analysierbar werden. Damit gewinnt aber auch die Frage nach der modernen Gesellschaft an Kompliziertheit: die Grenzen des Sozialen ziehen sich quer durch die Trias Mensch – Tier – Maschine und müssen neu vermessen werden. Die Reihe Technik | Körper | Gesellschaft stellt Studien vor, die sich dieser Frage nach den neuen Grenzziehungen und Interaktionsgeflechten des Sozialen annä- hern. Sie machen dabei den technischen Wandel und die Wirkung hybrider Kon- stellationen, die Prozesse der Innovation und die Inszenierung der Beziehungen zwischen Technik und Gesellschaft und/oder Körper und Gesellschaft zum Thema und denken soziale Praktiken und die Materialitäten von Techniken und Körpern konsequent zusammen. Die Reihe wird herausgegeben von Gesa Lindemann und Werner Rammert. Kirstin Lenzen (Dr.), geb. 1972, forschte als Arbeitswissenschaftlerin am Lehrstuhl und Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft (IAW) der RWTH Aachen sowie als Technik- soziologin an den Instituten für Soziologie der RWTH Aachen und der TU Berlin, wo sie bei Werner Rammert promovierte. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen im Bereich Technik- und Innovationssoziologie. Sie arbeitet in selbständiger Tätigkeit als Beraterin und Coach. Kirstin Lenzen Die multiple Identität der Technik Eine Innovationsbiographie der Augmented Reality-Technologie Für Jochen Zugl.: Berlin, Technische Universität, Diss., 2019 Diese Publikation wurde aus dem Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Technischen Universität Berlin unterstützt. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Lizenz (BY-SA). Diese Lizenz erlaubt unter Voraussetzung der Namensnennung des Urhebers die Bearbeitung, Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung des Materials in jedem Format oder Medium für beliebige Zwecke, auch kommerziell, sofern der neu entstandene Text unter derselben Lizenz wie das Original verbreitet wird. (Lizenz-Text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de) Die Bedingungen der Creative-Commons-Lizenz gelten nur für Originalmaterial. Die Wie- derverwendung von Material aus anderen Quellen (gekennzeichnet mit Quellenangabe) wie z.B. Schaubilder, Abbildungen, Fotos und Textauszüge erfordert ggf. weitere Nutzungsge- nehmigungen durch den jeweiligen Rechteinhaber. Erschienen 2020 im transcript Verlag, Bielefeld © Kirstin Lenzen Umschlaggestaltung: Maria Arndt nach einem Konzept von Kordula Röckenhaus, Bielefeld Umschlagabbildung: rashadashurov / Adobe Stock Druck: Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar Print-ISBN 978-3-8376-5185-0 PDF-ISBN 978-3-8394-5185-4 https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839451854 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier mit chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff. Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: https://www.transcript-verlag.de Unsere aktuelle Vorschau finden Sie unter www.transcript-verlag.de/vorschau-download Inhalt Geleitwort .................................................................................... 9 1. Einleitung................................................................................ 17 1.1. Problemaufriss: Die Frage nach der Identität der Technik.............................................. 18 1.2. Aufbau der Arbeit..................................................................................................24 2. Vom›WesenderTechnik‹............................................................... 27 2.1. Die Bestimmung des Technischen – Eine Bestandsaufnahme.........................................27 2.2. Das Soziale steckt in der Technik, aber wie kommt es dort wieder heraus? – Von der Idee der Vergegenständlichung zur Widerständigkeit der Dinge..................................... 40 2.3. Zwischenfazit I.................................................................................................... 56 3. Technische Identitäten als Gegenstand innovationsbiographischer Forschung .......... 61 3.1. Facetten einer Identität der Technik........................................................................ 62 3.2. Zwischenfazit II................................................................................................... 121 4. Die narrative Herstellung technischer Identitäten ......................................125 4.1. Eine kurze Geschichte der Narration....................................................................... 126 4.2. Narration – Facetten eines vielseitigen Begriffs ........................................................ 133 4.3. Narrationen in der Identitätsforschung – die Narrative Identität....................................142 4.4. Technik erzählen – Narrationen in der Technik- und Innovationsforschung..................... 159 4.5. Konzept einer narrativen Identität der Technik ......................................................... 169 4.6. Zwischenfazit III ................................................................................................. 190 5. Fallstudie ...............................................................................195 5.1. Fragestellung, Untersuchungsgegenstand und methodisches Vorgehen ......................... 195 5.2. What’s the story? – Die Geschichte der Augmented Reality-Technologie und ihrer technischen Identität ..........................................................................................217 5.3. Die Innovationsbiographie der Augmented Reality-Technologie ....................................286 6. Zusammenfassende Betrachtungen..................................................... 291 6.1. Die Identität der Technik – Knowing that and knowing how............................................291 6.2. Lessons Learned – Von der Instandhaltung zum Monsterjäger ...................................... 295 6.3. Quo Vadis?.........................................................................................................299 Literaturverzeichnis ......................................................................... 303 Abbildungs-��und Tabellenverzeichnis ....................................................339 Danksagung ................................................................................. 341 »Wenn Euer Geist leer ist, ist er stets für alles bereit; er ist offen für alles. Im Anfänger- Geist gibt es viele Möglichkeiten, im Geist des Experten nur wenige.« (Suzuki 1999: 23) Geleitwort Die Frage nach der Identität von Menschen hat eine lange sozialwissenschaftliche For- schungsgeschichte. Sie hat unter anderem gezeigt: Was alltäglich als einheitliche Ich- Identität erlebt wird, ist das Ergebnis der Interaktion mit multiplen identitätsprägen- den Instanzen. Was als konstante Identität dargestellt wird, erweist sich als Moment- aufnahme in einem wechselhaften Lebenslauf, der in eine kohärente Biographie umin- terpretiert wird. Die Frage nach der Identität von Techniken, wie sie in diesem Buch aufgeworfen wird, ist ganz neu und überraschend: Techniken gelten in der Regel als fixierte und funktio- nierende Sachen, hätten damit per definitionem eine feste Identität. Und wie die Tech- niken selbst – analog zu den Menschen – im Verlauf ihrer Identitätsentwicklung daran mitwirken könnten, wäre nach geläufigen handlungstheoretischen Konzepten schwer vorstellbar. Sind folglich das Konzept einer »multiplen Identität der Technik« und die Metho- de einer »Innovationsbiographie« nur eine modische oder metaphorische Redeweise? Oder hat die Verfasserin mit dieser Anlage ihrer Dissertationsschrift einen mutigen und höchst originellen Beitrag zur Technik- und Innovationsforschung geleistet? In diesem Buch unterbreitet Kirstin Lenzen einen Vorschlag, auf welche Weise Iden- tität in Bezug auf Technik analytisch differenziert gefasst werden kann. Hierbei stützt sich die Autorin auf Annahmen zur Identität aus der Biographieforschung. Sie fragt nicht nur, was unter einer Identität von Technik verstanden werden kann, sondern auch mit welchen Mechanismen diese zu Stande kommt, und unter welchen Bedin- gungen sie aufrechterhalten und angepasst wird. Mit anderen Worten soll in einem Atemzug sowohl die Wandlungsfähigkeit als auch die Kohärenz von Technik unter- sucht werden. Das gewählte Beispiel der Augmented Reality-Technologie scheint hier- für besonders geeignet und herausfordernd zu sein, da diese kombinierte Künstliche Intelligenz-Technik mehrere Identitätsveränderungen in ihrem jahrzehntelangen Ent- wicklungsverlauf durchgemacht hat. Ausgegangen ist
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