History of the Diocese of Syracuse
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HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF SYRACUSE ESTABLISHED 1886 WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE llT. llEV. MGll. J. S. M. LYNCH, S. T. D., M. R. STORY OF THE PARISHES 1615----1909 Edited by WILLIAM P.H. HEWITT 1909 Set Up and Printed at the CATHOLIC SUN PRESS. SYRACUSE. N. Y. WM. P. H. HEWITT. Publisher. COPYRIGHTSD. I 909. BY WM. P. H. HEWITT INTRODUCTION BY RIGHT REVEREND MGR. JAMES s. M. LYNCH, s. T. D., M. R. N the following pages an att~mpt is made to place on record . for the future historian, a few facts touching the origin I and. growth of the various parishes in the Diocese of Syra- . cuse. This diocese, although the last, chronologically considered, of the seven dioceses into which the State is divided, covers a ter-.. ritory where the Catholic Church in the State of New York and even in the United States saw its :first beginnin~ Geographically it occupies the very center of the Empire State., and the Epis copal See is located in what is called the Central City. Frequent efforts, indeed, have been made from time to time to transfer the. capital from Albany to Syracuse, as the most natural and co~~ venient location, on account of itS' c.entral position. At the east e~ end of the diocese ends that magnificent l\lohawk Valley, which stretches out from Schenectady for a distance of seventy or eighty miles-a valley hallowed by religious and historical traditions and presenting such a charming and picturesque p~o-. ram.a as to make it celebrated throughout the whole country, if. not throughout the world. At its northern boundary sta~ds the gate of the famous. Adirondack Wilderness, or North Woods, which illustrious physicians look upon as the future sanit.arium of the world. In its northwest cor~er. flows Ontario, bearing on its bosom the mighty waters of_ all the Great Lakes, -washing the shores of the diocese for a little ways, and then emptying into the magnificent St. Lawrence and ~ircling through the famous Thou-_ . sa,;n_d Islands, and dashing in rapids after rapids on its way to the sea. The Erie Canal1 .that great artery of commerce, pierces the diocese from one end to the other and the thousand-ton b~ge_" 6 DIOCESE OF SYRACUSE. canal, which is now ™ing built, will link its beautiful inland l~kes, Oneida and Onondaga, with the artificial trench and facili tate the means of communication between the different parts of the diocese. Its network of railroads binds still more closely the seven counties into which the diocese is divided. From a patriotic standpoint· the diocese glories in the fact that the millions of travelers that p~ year· by year from the metropo lis of the country to the great West, have pointed out to them within its territory -~ .they speed by, the memorial shaft that marks the site of the Battle of Oriskany-that decisive conflict in our Revolutionary War. A little farther on is the site of Fort Stanwix, almost on the very spot where $t. Peter's Church, Rome, now stands and there they see the tablet ·which keeps in memory the place where the Stars and Stripes were for the first _time, in our revolutionary struggle, flaunted in the face of the enemy. Oswego, too, is replete with interest to the student of Ameri can history. Always coveted as a v~ntage ground, it played a most import.ant part, especially in the French and Indian war and King George's war, and its capture by General Montcalm in the· former, and 3.ocrain by the British in ·the War of 1812 were events of no ordinary importance. Its good harbor was always an attraction to the combatants, and the peaceful lake that flows so harmlessly by the Flour City to-day was the theater of most decisive and important naval maneouvers a century ago. At the southern extremity of the diocese, through the beautiful Parlor City, flows the historic Su~uehanna, and ·further on along its banks lies that fertile valley,· the scene of the dreadful mas sacre of Wyoming in 1778-tbe crowning infamy of British rule in America-a ·tragedy which ,vas so 'terribly avenged a year later by General Sullivan ·upon t~e Six Nations, who, with some Eng lish soldiers, had committed the atrocity. · The lovers -of fiction, too, must come to the Diocese of Syracuse to '' find the Path'' traced out by our great American novelist, in what literary critics place at the head of the '' Leather Stocking Series,'' and what -he himself looked upon as the best of all his works. Here they may visit those shady nooks and quiet spots · made famous by Cooper, albeit "the light ·has broken into the wildemess and the rays of the sun have penetrated to tens of INTRODUCTION. 7 thousands of beautiful valleys and plains; that then lay in· grat~ ful ·shade.. '' THE CHURCH AMONG THE INDiANS. ,_,here are two distinct periods in tl)e growtl!. ~~ the _Church within the territory comprised within the limJ~ o·f tJ;ie present Diocese of Syracuse. The first is the Mi~ionary period among the Indians. It is a n1atter of history. that this. portion. of the State was first occupied by certain tribe$ of the. ~orth American Indians. It is very probable that these Indians· originally cam~ · from Asia and Tartary a.er~ Bering Straits to America. In the region extending from Albany to the western portion of the State were located five distinct nations, that went ·by the generic name of the Iroquois.. The country of the Iroquois, with its lakes and rivers and forests and plains, was most delightful and attrac tive and well adapted for hunting-grounds f~~ this nomadic race. These five tribes were joined together in what was called by the~ selves and the French '' A Long House,''• and by the English the League of the Five Nations, viz. : The Mohawks, the. Oneid~, the Onondagas, the Senecas and the Cayugas, and. they occupied lands in the order named along the Mohawk River and the four lakes from· which they took their names, tµus holding the water ways connecting the Hudson and the Ohio with the Great Lakes. The Iroquois were the craftiest~ most daring and most intelli gent-the• bravest, fiercest and most warlike of •all- the North· American Indians. They were called the ''Romans of the New World,'' and though still in the savage .hunter state, they were the terror of every native band east of the Missi~ippi, before the coming of the whites, who· iµ · turn learned to dread their fero cious_ power. What is remarkable is that the population of. the entire group wa.~ not over 25,000 ( of whom one-tenth o~ly .were· ,varriors), a comparatively small number eo~idering the active part they played in American history and the control which they exercised through wide tracts of wildern~. Lossµig thus beau tifulJy describes this remarkable people : '' The mighty fraction . of. ~he great Republic of the W est-thjs populous, wealthy and . • *The Five Nations proper, eaJled "cabin builders" because of their singular skill in framing houses. gave to the stretch of land oeeupied by them in New York State. the name "long house." the eastern door of whieh was guarded by· the fieree and warlike Mohawks. where the river of the same name empties into the Hudson. while the western door was guarde41- by: the- Senecas.· the most · numerous and skilful .of them all. located on Lake Erie. DIOCESE OF SYRA·cusE. j>o\\•erful State-had its birth two· centuries· and· three-quarters ago on the little island of Mannahatta or Manhattan, lying where the fresh waters of the Hudson River- lovingly commingle with the brine of the Atlantic Ocean. Aronnd the cradle in which the infant empire was rocked stood in ·"1onder· and .awe repre!;ee~ta tives of an ancient race, d~ky ~d. b~rbarous in aspect,· whose early history is invoived in hopeless o~urity· of myth and fable. At .the same time the~ was a ba,rbari~ ~public in· the wi:Jde~ess, simple, pure and powerful; its: capital seated a hundred leagues from the sea, among the beautiful hills and shadowy forests and sunny savannas, within the present domain of. the State of New York. The existence of this republic was unknown to the nations beyond :the Atlantic and unsuspected by them 1µ1til Cartier sailed up . the" St. _Lawrence Riye1:9,. until Champlain penetrated the wil.den;iess of Northern-·New York, and Hudson voyaged up the beautiful river that bears his name, and touched the eastern bor der of this marvelous. ampbictyonic league, known in history as 'The Iroquois Confederacy.' : '"'The polity of the lroquois•League was as purely democratic as possible in spirit, but it took the· representative or ·republican form for· convenience. · Each. canton or nation "~as a distinct re pnblic1 independent of all others in relation to its domestic af fairs, but each was bound to· the others of the league by ties of honor and general interest. The league· had a president, clothed with powers similar to those conferred on the Chief Magistrate of the United States. He had authority to· assemble a. congress of representatives ·ot the league. He had a cabinet ·of six advi~rs, and in the Grand Council he was moderator.'' _Here it should be reeorde<fthat the first chosen president of the ' . league was th~ veµerable Ato-tao-ho, a .famous Onondaga chief. Th~ "in~ienable rights.