Index

Note: Page numbers in italics refer to photographs.

Adams, Neal, 4, 55, 182, 217 “bad boys,” 211–212, 213–214 Adler, Alfred, 51–52, 125–126, 192 “bad girls,” 212–213, 215 Ainsworth, Mary, 239 Bale, Christian, 20, 21, 28, 68, 243 al Ghul, Ra’s (character), 21, 24, 51, 102, Bandura, Albert, 96 112, 128, 189, 216, 220, 222, 226, 229, Bane (character), 24, 91, 107–109 242–243, 254–256 Batgirl (character), 19, 28, 166, 182, 186, al Ghul, Talia (character), 28, 69, 189, 188–189, 220, 224 201–202, 211, 216, 217, 220–224, Batman (character) 226, 228, 229, 242, 251, 256, assessment, 266–271 268–269 characteristics, 5–6, 259 altruism, 97, 166, 186, 188 depictions, 8–29, 258–265 amnesia, 29, 30 sexual orientation, 206–210 amygdala, 84, 99, 100 Batman (1943 serial), 10–11 Anima/Animus archetype, 173 Batman (1989 movie), 12–14, 19, 172, 221, antidepressant medication, 83 247, 263 antipsychotic medication, 23, 138 Batman (TV series), 8, 11–12, 29–32, 51, antisocial behavior, 98–99, 101–104, 144, 258–259 211, 233 Batman and Robin (1949 serial), 11 antisocial personality disorder, 101, 103, Batman Begins, 20–21, 33, 54, 71, 72, 91, 105–106, 110, 113, 114, 116, 152, 167, 170, 174, 238, 241, 243–248, 254, 203, 241 260, 261 archetypes, 170–174COPYRIGHTEDBatman MATERIAL Forever, 15–18, 19, 119, 178, 261 Arkham Asylum, xi, 12, 18, 23, 86, 99, Batman Beyond, 20, 253 101–102, 107, 115, 122, 125, 130–131, Batman Returns, 9, 14–15, 18–19, 114, 232, 132, 134–140, 141n, 145, 147, 152–154, 247, 261 177, 203 Batman & Robin, 18–19, 260, 261 attachment theory, 238–242 Batman: The Animated Series, 8–9, 13, attractiveness and appearance, 215–216 19–20, 28, 32, 145, 146, 148, 254 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, Batman: Year One, 20, 50, 99, 174, 232, 261 196–197 Batwoman (character), 117, 218–219, 220

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behavioral therapy for fears, 70–72 coping skills, 148–151, 165–167, 263 behaviorism, 96 counterphobic behavior, 42 belief perseverance, 89, 229 Crane, Jonathan. See Scarecrow biocentrist perspective, 128 crime biogenic amnesia, 30 celebrities of, 119 bipolar disorder, 153–154 serial, 78–79, 88, 91–92, 104, birth order effects, 51–52, 192–194 110–112, 133 Black Mask (character), 78, 115, 136, 187 theories on, 93–97 borderline personality disorder, 17, 205 criminal nature Bowlby, John, 239 juvenile delinquency, 97–101 Breyfogle, Norm, 267 overview of, 90–93 Brown, Stephanie (character), 28, 115, 169, personality disorders and, 112–116 186–189, 194, 198, 199 psychopathy and, 101–106 burglary, 234, 236 sensation seeking in, 116–118 Burton, Tim, 12–13, 14, 15, 20, 261, 263 Daniels, Bradley, 134 Calendar Man (character), 132–133 The Dark Knight, 8, 21–23, 78, 91, 95, 99, Campbell, Joseph, 173–174 111, 157, 246, 260 catecholamines, 82–83 The Dark Knight Returns, 12, 25, 169, 178, Catwoman (character), 14, 26, 69, 94, 184, 252, 263, 264 115, 118, 125, 129, 173, 210, 212–214, The Dark Knight Rises, 24–25, 221, 254, 260 217–218, 220, 224, 229, 231–236, 251, death instinct, 160 268. See also Kyle, Selina deception, 167–168 characters, narrative function of, 179 defense mechanisms, 16, 140, 149, 165–167, child molesters, 143–144 170, 176 Chill, Joe (character), 21, 36, 80, 95, 106–107, deindividuation, 63–64 243, 271 delusions, 18, 31–32, 101, 115, 132, 134, classical conditioning, 72–73, 96 136, 138, 141–143, 168, 170 Cleckley, Hervey, 104 Dent, Harvey. See Two-Face Cluemaster (character), 186, 188, 199 dependent personality disorder, 147–148 cognitive development, 56–58 development, stages of, 161–163 cognitive dissonance, 214–215, 246 diagnosis, definition of, 105 cognitive psychology, 96–97 DiDio, Dan, 64 collective unconscious, 171 Dini, Paul, 150, 153 Collins, Max Allan, 184 disinhibition, 63, 91 Comics Code Authority, 210, 218 dismissing-avoidant attachment, 240–241 commitment, criminal and civil, 133 disorganized attachment, 240 comorbid conditions, 105 displacement, 165 competence to stand trial, 133 dissociation and dissociative disorders, compulsions, 118 30–31, 38, 176–177 concrete operational stage, 57–58, 182 Dix, Dorothea, 131 conduct disorder, 98–99, 100–101, 202 Dixon, Chuck, 186, 188 conformity perspective on crime, 93–95 Drake, Tim (character), 28, 169, 185–186, Conroy, Kevin, 19, 28 187, 192, 193–194, 250 conservation, principle of, 57 duality, 16–17 control groups, 208 dual/multiple relationships in conventional morality, 60 psychotherapy, 135–136 Conway, Gerry, 183 Ducard, Henri (character), 51, 238, Coogan, Peter, 155–156, 174, 222–223 241–242, 243–244, 247–248

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eco-terrorism, 127, 128 Freud, Anna, 195 ego, 160–161 Freud, Sigmund Ego Integrity vs. Despair, 252–253 career of, 158–159 eidetic memory, 268 defense mechanisms of, 165–167, 176 Electra complex, 162 Hamlet and, 163–164 Englehart, Steve, 12, 156, 221, 267 Robin and, 169–170 Erikson, Erik, 61, 159, 195–200, 224, theories of, 61, 95, 159–163 237–238, 252–254, 255 Wertham and, 207 Erikson, Joan, 255 Friedman, Cary A., 64 evil, 101–104 existentialist psychology, 95 gelatophobia, 262 extinction, 72 gender roles, 212–213 extraversion, 91–92 Generativity vs. Stagnation stage, 252 Goldsman, Akiva, 15, 16, 260 false confessions, 76 Gordon, Barbara (character), 28, 155, 186, father figures 188–189, 200, 219, 220, 241, 268 al Ghul, 254–256 Gordon, James (character), 7, 12, 21–23, Batman as, 250–253 24, 51, 72, 99–101, 121, 152, 155, 167, failed, 242–244 244–245 overview of, 51 Gordon, James, Jr. (character), 99–101 successful, 244–248 graduated exposure technique, 71 fear Grant, Alan, 206 counterphobic behavior, 42 Grayson, Dick (character), 15–16, 26, 28, criminal nature and, 91 45, 100, 162, 169–170, 180–186, facing, 68–71 192–200, 201, 205, 209, 242, 250, 258 gelatophobia, 262 Great White Shark (character), 70, 131 intimidation and, 74–79 grief, 33, 39, 240 as recurring element, 20–21 growth, posttraumatic, 47 responses to, 80 roots of, 71–74 hallucinations, 168 Scarecrow and, 80–85 Hamlet, 163–169 Strange and, 85–89 Hamm, Sam, 12, 247 xenophobia, 10 Hero’s Journey, 173–174, 248 Feige, Kevin, 260 hierarchy of needs, 93–95 Festinger, Leon, 214 highway hypnosis, 30–31 fetishism, 143 histrionic personality disorder, 114–115 fight-or-flight response, 83 homosexuality, 191, 206–207, 208–210, 222 Finger, Bill Horney, Karen, 159 Batman foes and, 111 humanistic psychology, 93–95 as co-creator of Batman, 2, 4, 6, 35, 36 humor, 258–261, 262 on Robin, 179, 181 hypervigilance, 44 Fingeroth, Danny, 44, 188, 248 hypothetico-deductive reasoning, 58 flooding technique, 70–71 folie à deux, 148 iatrogenesis, 177 forensic psychiatrists, 86–87 id, 160, 161 formal operations, 58, 182 identification, 179–180, 191–192 Fox, Lucius (character), 43, 51, 225, 237, Identity Achievement vs. Role Confusion 244, 245–246 stage, 198–199 freedom versus security, 264 identity crisis, 199

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identity foreclosure, 190 limbic system, 83–84 Immortality vs. Extinction stage, 256 locus of control, 175 impulse-control disorder, 233 love, triangular theory of, 227–229 individuation, 169, 188 Lytle, Paul, 130 Industry vs. Inferiority stage, 198 Initiative vs. Guilt stage, 197 Mad Hatter (character), 69, 92, 101, 139, insanity, as legal standard, 122, 132–134 141–145, 268 Integrity vs. Despair stage, 255–256 Marston, William Moulton, 76 interactionist perspective, 97 masks, wearing of, 54–55, 62–66 interrogation, models of, 75–76, 77–78 Maslow, Abraham, 93–94 Intimacy vs. Isolation stage, 199–200, 224 maturational grief, 39 introversion, 91, 92–93 maturation hypothesis of personality, 116 meaning, search for, 46–48 Joker (character), 7, 8, 12–15, 20–23, 24, 28, Medhurst, Andy, 209 44, 69, 78–80, 88, 91, 92, 95, 99, 100, medication, psychiatric, 23, 137–138 102, 104, 111, 117, 119, 124, 125, 134, Meltzer, Brad, 199, 226 135, 138–140, 146–157, 171–173, 201, mental illness, depictions of, 11–12, 204–205, 241, 244, 257, 261, 267, 271 22–23 Jourard, Sidney, 225 Meriwether, Lee, 214 Jung, Carl, 108, 159, 169–174 metacognition, 179 just-world phenomenon, 46–47 midlife crisis, 252 juvenile delinquency, 97–101, 207, 208 Miller, Frank, 150, 185, 206–207. See also Batman: Year One; The Dark Knight Kambam, Praveen R., 45 Returns Kane, Bob M’Naghten Rule, 132 on Catwoman, 218 Moore, Alan, 184, 263, 264 as creator of Batman, 2, 4, 6, 35, 36 moral development, 59–62 Robin and, 179–180 Morrison, Grant, 189, 267 Vale and, 220–221 mother figures, 248–249 women and, 210 motivation Karney, Benjamin R., 228 for burglary, 234 Keaton, Michael, 13, 28 extrinsic and intrinsic, 115 King Tut (character), 12, 29–32, 69, 268 fear and, 75 kleptomania, 233 needs in, 107–108 Kohlberg, Lawrence, 59, 61, 62 Mr. Freeze (character), 20, 32–34 Kramer, Jeffrey, 45 Murray, Henry, 108 Kyle, Selina (character) mythomania, 114–115 in movies, 14–15, 18–19, 24 as love interest, 223–224, 226, 229, 269 narcissistic personality disorder, 113–114, as orphan, 101 123 See also Catwoman nature versus nurture debate, 95–97 needs and motivation, 93–95, 107–108 Langley, Travis, xii, 7, 65, 267 neurotransmitters, 82–83 learning perspective on crime, 96 Newton, Don, 183 Ledger, Heath, 24, 157 Nocturna (character), 223–224 Lerner, Melvin, 46–47 Nolan, Christopher, 20, 24, 49, 244, Levitz, Paul, 64 261, 264 libido, 160 nonconformist perspective on crime, 95 Lightner, Candace, 48 nonsocialized offenders, 97–98

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objectification, 33 psychoactive substances, 82 obsessions, 17, 118–119, 269 psychodynamic approach, 95, 158–163 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 118, psychogenic amnesia, 30 122, 233 psychologists, 137 Oedipus complex, 162 psychopathology, 99 O’Neil, Dennis, 4, 12, 162, 182, 201, 254, psychopathy, 13, 77, 80, 91, 94, 99–106, 267–268, 269 110, 113, 115, 117, 123, 139, 152, 172, operant conditioning, 73 224, 229 oppositional defiant disorder, 203 psychosis, 101–102, 168 origin stories, 35–37 psychosocial stages of development, 194–200, 224, 237–238, 252–254, paranoid schizophrenia, 23, 136, 141–142 255–256 paraphilias, 142–143 psychotic disorders, 31 parenting styles, 246–248 punishment, 73–74 parents attachment theory, 238–242 Quinn, Harley (character), 145–151 loss of, 35–40, 51–53, 237–238 Parikh, Rakul K., 122 reaction formation, 176 Pavlov, Ivan, 72–73 Red Hood (character), 200–205 pedophilia, 143–144, 181, 191 reinforcement, 73–74 Penguin (character), 14, 69, 92, 94, 113– repression, 16, 121, 165 115, 119, 124–127, 131, 139, 218, 241 resilience, 50–51 Pennyworth, Alfred (character), 10–11, 15, Riddler (character), 17–18, 119–124 21, 26, 50–51, 66, 68, 79, 161, 166, 178, Robin (character) 183, 187, 191, 200, 203, 209, 219, 221, Birth order effects and, 192–194 228, 237, 244–248, 249–250, 261 Brown as, 186–189 Persona archetype, 172–173 in comic books, 28 personality disorders, 103, 105–106, creation of character of, 178–180 112–116, 147–148 death by vote, 1–2, 45–46, 264 personality types, 91–93 Drake as, 185–186 phallic stage fixation, 162–163 Grayson as, 180–183 pheromones, 129 as inner child of Batman, 169–170 phobias, 68–74, 262 relationships with, 250–253 physical training, 55 role of, 190–192 Piaget, Jean, 57–58, 61 stages of development of, 194–200 Pinel, Philippe, 131 Todd as, 183–185, 200–205 Poison Ivy, 94, 127–129 D. Wayne as, 189–190 polygraphs, 76–77 Robinson, Jerry, xii, 149, 151–152, 172, 180 postconventional morality, 60–61 Roosevelt, Theodore, 49 postindustrial mythology, 2, 4 Rosenberg, Robin, xii, 64, 156–157, 215, 269 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Rush, Benjamin, 131 40–46, 203 preconventional morality, 59–60 sadistic personality disorder, 115 Prisoner’s Dilemma, 80 Scarecrow (character), 72, 80–85 preoperational stage, 57, 182 schizophrenia, 23, 83, 97, 101, 136, 138, profiling, offender or criminal, 87–89 141–142, 148 prognosis, definition of, 105 Schumacher, Joel, 15, 260, 261 protection-motivation theory, 74–75 Schwartz, Julius, 219 pseudomemory, 121 screen history, 10–25. See also the respective psychiatrists, 137 films and series

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secure attachment, 239, 240 loss of parents in childhood, 36–40 Seduction of the Innocent, 206–210 PTSD, 40–46, 203 self-actualization, 94 search for meaning, 46–48 sensation seeking, 116–118 treatment for mental illness, 137–140 sensorimotor stage, 57 Trickster archetype, 171 Shadow archetype, 171–172 Trust vs. Mistrust stage, 195–196 shaping, 140 Turvey, Brent, 88 shared psychotic disorder, 148 Two-Face (character), 16–17, 19–20, 22, 70, Shuster, Joe, 6 79, 92, 99, 119, 125, 132, 134, 139–141, sidekicks, 181–182, 190. See also Robin 172, 174–177, 201, 261 Siegel, Jerry, 6 two-factor theory, 84 Skinner, B. F., 73 Smith, Jennifer, 49 Unabomber, 78–79 socialized offenders, 97, 98 Uslan, Michael, xii, 7, 12, 35, 64, 221, sociopathy, 102 259–260, 261 Spider-Man (character), 1, 36–37, 205, 261 Spoiler. See Brown, Stephanie Vale, Vicki (character), 15, 18–19, 210, 219, St. Cloud, Silver (character), 221–222 220–222 Sternberg, Robert, 227 Von Erck, Xavier, 50 Strange, Hugo (character), 85–89 stress and trauma, 37–38 Waid, Mark, 265 styles of humor, 262 Walsh, John, 48 superego, 161 Ward, Burt, 258 Super Friends (TV series), 8 Watson, John B., 96 superheroes Wayne, Damian (character), 28, 169, after 9/11, 264–265 189–190, 251 comic book, history of, 3 Wertham, Fredric, 11, 181, 191, social, 48–50 206–210, 222 superiority complex, 125–126 West, Adam, xii, 5, 7, 8, 11, 28, 29, 149–150, Superman (character), 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 18, 20, 220, 258–259, 261, 267 25–26, 36–38, 107, 171, 172, 174, 205, Wiesel, Elie, 49 208, 214, 245, 253, 258 wish fulfillment, 191 survivor guilt, 37 Wolfman, Marv, 185–186, 206 systematic desensitization, 70 Wonder Woman (character), 8, 25, 76, 208, 209, 224 tardive dyskinesia, 23 women terrorism, 78–79 intimacy issues with, 224–226 theatricality, 167–168 triangular theory of love, 228–229 theory of mind, 179 who love Batman, 217–222 Thompkins, Leslie (character), 50, 187–188, whom Batman loves, 222–224 235, 249 Thorndike, Edward, 73 xenophobia, 10 Timm, Bruce, 19, 20, 28–29, 150 Todd, Jason (character), 28, 44, 45–46, 101, Zehr, E. Paul, 55 153, 155, 169, 183–185, 186, 193–194, Zeus, Maxie (character), 69–70, 101–102, 198, 199, 200–205, 223, 250, 264 134, 139 torture interrogation, 77–78 Zimbardo, Phil, 63, 64–65 trauma Zsazs, Victor (character), 70, 111 bouncing back after, 50–51 Zuckerman, Marvin, 117

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