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Built Environment and Architecture As a Resource Nordisk Arkitekturforskning The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Proceedings Series 2020-1 BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE Editors: Minna Chudoba, Ari Hynynen, Magnus Rönn, and Anne Elisabeth Toft Nordisk Arkitekturforskning The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Proceedings Series 2020-1 BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE Proceeding Series 2020-1 PUBLISHER Nordic Academic Press of Architectural Research Homepage: http://arkitekturforskning.net/ EDITORS Minna Chudoba, Ari Hynynen, Magnus Rönn, and Anne Elisabeth Toft GRAPHIC DESIGN Boden World COPY-EDITING Dawn Michelle d'Atri and Rabea Berghäuser © 2020 NAAR and authors All rights reserved The authors are responsible for copyrights for photographs, illustrations and images in their chapter. ISBN 978-91-983797-4-7 FINANCIAL SUPPORT Federation of Finnish Learned Societies and the Svensk-danska kulturfonden. CONTENT 5 FOREWORD Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn 7 INTRODUCTION Minna Chudoba, Ari Hynynen, Magnus Rönn, and Anne Elisabeth Toft 15 ARCHITECTURE FOR THE ANTHROPOCENE: HOW TO BUILD FOR A BETTER FUTURE? Matti Kuittinen 39 SALVAGE AND INTEGRITY Lionel Devlieger 55 BUILDING THE GREEN CITY FROM WOOD? POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES IN SWEDEN Ida Andersson 81 THE PAST IN THE FUTURE: INVESTIGATING VALUES OF CIRCULARITY Birgitte T. Eybye and Lars N. Bock 107 EXPLORING SECONDARY RESOURCES IN AN ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT Inge Vestergaard and Guillermo Martín Jiménez 131 CAMPUS IN TRANSITION: SUBURBAN TRANSFORMATION AND RESILIENT URBANITY Anna Kholina 153 PARK IN FLUX: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN THE PLANNING DISCOURSE OF KAISANIEMI PARK Ranja Hautamäki and Julia Donner 181 TEMPORARY USE OF VACANT AND ABANDONED URBAN SPACE IN LATIN AMERICA: AN EXPLORATION Dalia Milián Bernal BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE 3 211 MEDIATING ‘TEMPORARY USE’ OF URBAN SPACE: ACCOUNTS OF SELECTED PRACTITIONERS Hella Hernberg 241 CONTRIBUTORS 247 PEER REVIEWERS 4 NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING – THE NORDIC ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH FOREWORD Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn The Nordic Association of Architectural Research (NAF/NAAR) has existed since 1987. As an independent association of architectural researchers, it plays a key role in the discourse of architectural research in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The present book is the proceedings publication from the association’s 2018 symposium, which had the title ‘Built Environment and Architecture as a Resource’. The symposium was organized by NAF/NAAR in collaboration with re­­searchers from Tampere University of Technology in Finland, and it took place in Seinäjoki at the Seinäjoki University Centre ‘Frami’ from 31 May to 1 June 2018. NAF/NAAR symposia critically engage in discussing research and architectu- ral knowledge production as evolving practices. They are held once a year. To ensure their dynamic and democratic format, the events are conceptualized and organized in collaboration with various partners and hosted each year by a different university or school of architecture. Focusing its discussions on a research interest shared by NAF/NAAR and its collaborators, the 2018 NAF/NAAR symposium was dedicated to reflections on how cities, neighbourhoods, buildings, and citizens can become resilient and what role architects and urban planners may play in this process. During the symposium, twenty-two international researchers presented rese- arch papers dealing with different aspects of architecture and resilience. All nine articles in this publication were submitted to a double-blind peer-review process, based on a peer-review template developed by NAF/NAAR—except those by the invited keynote speakers: Matti Kuittinen, architect and senior specialist at the Ministry of the Environment in Finland; Lionel Devlieger, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE 5 architect and partner in the Brussels-based collective Rotor;1 and Ida Andersson, urbanist and human geographer in the Department of Human Geography at Stockholm University and at Örebro University. As President and Vice-President of NAF/NAAR, we extend our sincere thanks to all of the many colleagues who kindly contributed to the present book. We are very grateful to the individual authors who submitted articles to the publication and to the many peer reviewers who have supported NAF/NAAR and its work by offering their time and professional expertise in reviewing the articles. We would like to express our gratitude to all of these people. Equally, on behalf of the association, we wish to thank Ari Hynynen, Minna Chudoba, Markku Norvasuo, Satu Huuhka, Jaana Vanhatalo, and Anne-Mar- jo Panu for successfully co-organizing the symposium and for providing NAF/NAAR with a significant platform for its critical discussions. We would also like to express our profound gratitude to the invited keynote speakers: Michaël Ghyoot, Ida Andersson, and Matti Kuittinen, whose interesting keynote lectures contextualized the discussions of the event. Finally, in this context, we would like to direct our thanks to our financial benefactors. The publication of the present book was made possible thanks to the generous support of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies and the Svensk-danska kulturfonden. Anne Elisabeth Toft Magnus Rönn President of NAF/NAAR Vice-President of NAF/NAAR NOTES 1At the symposium, it was the architect Michaël Ghyoot who represented Rotor. 6 NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING – THE NORDIC ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Minna Chudoba, Ari Hynynen, Magnus Rönn and Anne Elisabeth Toft With the focus on the Anthropocene in recent years, proposed by many scientists as being our new geologic age—where man’s impact on the planet has led to critical climate changes, a shortage of natural resources, and collap- sed ecosystems—questions of sustainability and resilience are crucial to the work and theories of architects and urban designers all over the word. For NAF/NAAR and its collaborators from Tampere University of Technology in Finland, the aim of the symposium ‘Built Environment and Architecture as a Resource’ was to create a platform for discussion on how cities, neighbour- hoods, buildings, and citizens can become resilient, and what role architects and urban planners may play in this process. Many cities worldwide are already in the process of developing resilient stra- tegic frameworks for the future to adapt their physical structures to the chal- lenges of tomorrow. However, the built environment with its infrastructures, buildings, spaces, and landscapes is a sociotechnical assemblage that is transforming relatively slowly. The concept of resilience originates from the natural sciences, but in the 2010s it was applied to multiple disciplines, inclu- ding architecture and urban planning. It is noteworthy that some definitions of the term ‘resilience’ suggest that the built environment not only bounces back to its original state after changes, but actually reaches a renewed state, which is even more resilient than the original. According to this idea, the new state should open up new possibilities for better resource efficiency, better economic profitability, better technical resistance, and, most particularly, new opportunities for social regeneration and evolving lifestyles, as well as new cultural values. All of this raises a bundle of questions. First, what kind of theorizing is needed to meet the future challenges? In order to embrace the built environment and architecture as a resource in society, this issue should be addressed as widely as possible. Traditionally, the city and its built environment are usually understood as users of resour- BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHITECTURE AS A RESOURCE 7 ces, but they should also be seen as the producers of new ones. Every site has potential resources—values and qualities—that can be investigated and developed by design. Aside from the economic and material resources, we should include the social ones too. The qualities of the built environment and architecture, as well as people’s everyday life, must be identified as important assets in this discussion. Consequently, in what ways are the possibilities for social interaction chang- ing in today’s urban environments? In recent decades, various types of urban activism have brought new life to city cores. Spontaneous pop-up events have sometimes evolved into more organized, regularly occurring happenings. At the same time, citizen participation has reached a level where individual groups may come up with urban planning scenarios that offer an alternative to the official versions developed by professionals. In addition, co-creation has increasingly become a part of the official planning process, with collabo- rative charrettes and new GIS platforms offering citizens a possibility to voice their opinions. Discussions are continued in the social media, which is thus complementing the traditional urban spaces as a scene of social interaction. Augmented reality is bringing its own layer to this interaction and to the experience of the urban environment. The city is everybody’s business, and the ways of participation are constantly developing. However, is there a peaceful path to the urban reform of our time? The early modernists wanted to break away from the burdens of history and begin a new era of architecture. The transformation of cities in the twentieth century was radical and visible. Since then, architecture has created
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