U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP MF-1877-A U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE TONOPAH 1° BY 2° QUADRANGLE, CENTRAL NEVADA

By

Donald H. Whitebread and David A. John

INTRODUCTION Qb Basalt of Lunar Crater area This map is part of a folio of maps of the (Quaternary) Lava flows and local Tonopah 1° by 2° quadrangle, Nevada, prepared cinders and dikes under the Conterminous United States Mineral Tba Basalt and andesite flows Assessment Program. (Tertiary) As mapped, probably includes some Quaternary lava flows in DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS Pancake Range. Includes trachyandesite of Red Mountain and trachyandesite of Thunder Mountain in San Antonio SURHCIAL DEPOSITS Mountains Qa Alluvial, lacustrine, and eolian Tr4 Rhyolitic rocks (Tertiary) Rhyolitic deposits (Quaternary) A s to dacitic flows, dikes, and small mapped, locally includes Tertiary gravel intrusive bodies. Includes Brougher QTIs Landslide deposits (Quaternary and Rhyolite of Bonham and Garside (1979) Tertiary) and Oddie Rhyolite 734 Andesitic rocks (Tertiary) Andesitic SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AND to latitic flows, volcanic breccia, and UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS dikes Includes Gilbert Andesite, Mizpah Trachyte, and volcanics of Lime Ts4 Sedimentary rocks and bedded tuff Mountain of Bonham and Garside (Tertiary) Tuffaceous siltstone and (1979) sandstone, bedded tuff, and diatomite. Tas Andesitic rocks (Tertiary) Andesitic Includes Esmeralda and Siebert to latitic flows, flow breccias, sills, Formations. K-Ar ages about 11-13 Ma dikes, and plugs (Evernden and James, 1964; Evernden Tfs Rhyolitic rocks (Tertiary) Rhyolitic and others, 1964) for Esmeralda to dacitic flows, dikes, sills, and Formation and 13-17 Ma (Bonham and irregular small intrusive bodies Garside, 1979) for Siebert Formation Ta2 Andesitic rocks (Tertiary) Andesitic Ts3 Sedimentary rocks and bedded tuff to latitic flows, flow breccias, dikes, (Tertiary) Sandstone and siltstone, sills, and minor intrusive bodies commonly tuffaceous. Some interbeds Tr2 Rhyolitic rocks (Tertiary) Rhyolitic and lenses of conglomerate and minor to dacitic flows and small intrusive tuff bodies. Commonly flow banded. Ts2 Sedimentary rocks and bedded tuff Includes some rhyolitic tuff in (Tertiary) Tuffaceous siltstone and Shoshone Mountains sandstone, limestone, minor Ta1 Andesitic rocks (Tertiary) Andesitic conglomerate, and bedded tuff. Includes to latitic flows. Locally, includes some Gilmore Gulch Formation bedded tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary Ts1 Sedimentary rocks and bedded tuff rocks (Tertiary) Tuffaceous siltstone and Tr-i Rhyolitic rocks (Tertiary) sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, Rhyolitic, quartz latitic, and rhyodacitic and bedded tuff lava flows, locally flow banded, and rhyolitic dikes. Includes some LAVA FLOWS AND SHALLOW INTRUSIVE ROCKS tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and bedded [K-Ar ages published before 1977 are corrected tuff using the constants recommended by IUGS Subcommission on Geochronology (Dalrymple, 1979)] ASH-FLOW TUFFS and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. [K-Ar ages published before 1977 are corrected Most of Darrough Felsite is Cretaceous using the constants recommended by IUGS and (or) older in age as described by Subcommission on Geochronology Brem and others (1991), but in the area (Dalrymple, 1979)] of this report, unit is considered to consist of rocks of both Mesozoic and Area 1 Tertiary age (G.F. Brem, written commun., 1986) Tt4 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Pumice-rich Mzt Ash-flow tuff (Mesozoic) Dacitic and and lithic-rich tuff. Locally, includes rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff and minor sedimentary rocks sandstone and conglomerate Tf Fraction Tuff (Tertiary) Nonwelded to densely welded, crystal-poor, locally Area 2 lithic-rich quartz latitic to rhyolitic ash- flow tuff Tbm Bates Mountain Tuff (Tertiary) Tt3 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Crystal-rich Grayish- to pinkish-orange, moderately to crystal-poor rhyolitic ash-flow tuff. welded, crystal-poor rhyolitic ash-flow Includes tuffs of Goldyke and Sheep tuff Canyon in Paradise Range Tt2 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Rhyolitic to Ttt Tuff ofToiyabe (Tertiary) Densely rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. Includes tuffs welded, crystal-rich quartz latitic to of Meadow Canyon, Trail Canyon, and rhyolitic welded tuff. Equivalent in part Ryecroft Canyon to the now-abandoned Toiyabe Quartz Tpc Tuff of Peavine Creek (Tertiary) Latite as mapped by Ferguson and Buff to light-brown, nonwelded to Cathcart (1954) and Kleinhampl and densely welded, crystal-poor rhyolitic Ziony (1985) (see John, 1992) ash-flow and ash-fall tuff Tt2 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Rhyolitic to Trr Round Rock Formation (Tertiary) rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. Includes some Crystal-poor, latitic, quartz latitic, and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and rhyolitic, lithic-rich, ash-flow and ash- rhyolitic flows. In western part of fall tuff and subordinate interbedded quadrangle includes tuffs of Gabbs sandstone Valley, Davis Mine, Pactolus, Crow Tmj Tuff of Mount Jefferson (Tertiary) Springs, Castle Peak, and Summit Reddish-brown, poorly to densely Spring and Mission Spring Formation welded, moderately crystal-rich, of Vitaliano and Vitaliano (1972). In rhyolitic to rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff Toiyabe Range includes tuffs of Cloverdale, Rainier Mountain, North Area 3 Fork, and Mahogany Mountain Tad Tuff of Arc Dome (Tertiary) Gray to Tsw Tuff of Saulsbury Wash (Miocene) pale-red, densely welded, crystal-rich Reddish-brown to purple, crystal-rich rhyolitic ash-flow tuff. Contains rhyolitic welded ash-flow tuff conspicuous smoky quartz phenocrysts Tt2 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Rhyolitic to Tpc Tuff of Peavine Creek (Tertiary) rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. Includes some Buff to light-brown, nonwelded to tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and densely welded, crystal-poor rhyolitic rhyolitic flows. Includes tuffs of Black ash-flow and ash-fall tuff Beauty Mesa, Buckwheat Rim, Buckskin Trr Round Rock Formation (Tertiary) Point, Lunar Cuesta, Orange Lichen Crystal-poor, latitic, quartz latitic, and Creek, Pott Hole Valley, Crested Wheat rhyolitic lithic-rich ash-flow and ash- Ridge, Moores Station Buttes, The fall tuff. Subordinate interbedded Needles, Palisade Mesa, and Halligan sandstone Mesa T^ Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Rhyolitic Tsp Shingle Pass Tuff (Tertiary) ash-flow tuff and lava flows. Age Reddish-gray, pale-red, dark-red, and distinction from younger tuff units pale-red purple, nonwelded to densely based on more strongly altered welded crystal-poor rhyolitic ash-flow character. Consists of tuffs of Davis tuff mine and Pactolus in Paradise Range and Tkc Tuff of Kiln Canyon (Tertiary) Mission Spring Formation of Vitaliano Light-gray to grayish-orange to dark- and Vitaliano (1972) in Shoshone reddish-brown, nonwelded to densely Mountains welded, locally lithic-rich, pumiceous, TMzd Darrough Felsite (Tertiary and crystal-rich rhyolitic to quartz latitic Mesozoic) Locally silicified, ash-flow tuff crystal-rich to lithic-rich rhyolitic to Tbt Tuff of Big Ten Peak (Tertiary) quartz latitic or rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff Light-gray to buff to orange, lithic-rich rhyolitic ash-flow tuff. Locally includes PLUTONIC AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS air-fall tuff and laucustrine sedimentary [Plutonic rock names based on IUGS modal rocks classification (Streckeisen, 1976)]

Area 4 TMzg Granitic rocks (Tertiary or Mesozoic) Granite, granodiorite, Tbm Bates Mountain Tuff (Tertiary) granodiorite porphyry, and quartz Grayish- to pinkish-orange, moderately diorite welded, crystal-poor rhyolitic ash-flow TKg Granitic rocks (Tertiary or tuff Cretaceous) Mostly fine-grained Tgw Granite-weathering tuff (Tertiary) granodiorite Reddish-gray and reddish-brown, Tg Granitic rocks (Tertiary) Granite, partially to densely welded, crystal-rich granodiorite, and quartz diorite. Unit rhyolitic welded tuff includes dike swarm near Round T\2 Ash-flow tuff (Tertiary) Rhyolitic to Mountain rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. Includes some K/bd Dioritic rocks (Mesozoic) Mostly tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and diorite and quartz diorite. Field relations rhyolitic flows. Includes tuffs of Black do not permit age assignment other than Beauty Mesa, Buckwheat Rim, Buckskin Mesozoic Point, Lunar Cuesta, Orange Lichen MiQ Granitic rocks (Mesozoic) Granite, Creek, Pott Hole Valley, Crested Wheat granodiorite, quartz monzonite, quartz Ridge, Moores Station Buttes, The monzodiorite, and quartz diorite. Field Needles, Palisade Mesa, and Halligan relations do not permit age assignment Mesa other than Mesozoic, but most plutons Tsp Shingle Pass Tuff (Tertiary) presumably are of Late Cretaceous age Reddish-gray, pale-red, dark-red, and Kd Dioritic rocks (Cretaceous) Diorite pale-red purple, nonwelded to densely and gabbro. Ages determined welded crystal-poor rhyolitic ash-flow isotopically or by field relations with tuff rocks whose ages have been determined Tkc Tuff of Kiln Canyon (Tertiary) isotopically Light-gray to grayish-orange to dark- Kg Granitic rocks (Cretaceous) Mostly reddish-brown, nonwelded to densely granite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, welded, locally lithic-rich, pumiceous, and quartz monzodiorite. Ages crystal-rich rhyolitic to quartz latitic determined isotopically or by field ash-flow tuff relations with rocks whose ages have Tm Monotony Tuff (Tertiary) Purplish- been determined isotopically gray to brown, partially to densely J"fig Granitic rocks (Jurassic or welded, crystal-rich rhyodacitic and Triassic) Granodiorite to quartz quartz latitic ash-flow tuff containing monzodiorite of Crow Springs pluton conspicuous biotite and quartz Jg Granitic rocks (Jurassic) Granite and phenocrysts granodiorite The Tuff of Hot Creek Canyon "Kg Granitic rocks (Triassic) (Tertiary) Light-gray to grayish- Granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite of purple, partially to densely, crystal-rich Fraziers Well pluton quartz latitic and rhyolitic ash-flow tuff containing prominent quartz SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC ROCKS phenocrysts Twm Tuff of Williams Ridge and Morey Area 1 Peak (Tertiary) Gray to dusky purple, partially to densely welded, Jd Duniap Formation and crystal-rich rhyodacitic and quartz latitic lithologically equivalent rocks welded tuff that contains prominent (Middle? and Early Jurassic) phenocrysts of biotite and quartz Breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, Twb Windous Butte Formation volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, (Tertiary) Brownish-gray to pale- limestone, dolomite, andesitic flows, brown, moderately to densely welded, and pyroclastic rocks. Duniap crystal-rich quartz latitic to rhyolitic Formation is considered to be Early and ash-flow tuff Middle(?) Jurassic in age on basis of Tsc Stone Cabin Formation (Tertiary) fossil evidence (Oldow and Bartel, Light-gray to pinkish-gray, locally 1987; Silberling, 1984) lithic-rich, crystal-rich rhyolitic ash- J~fiv Volcano Peak Group of Taylor and flow tuff others (1983) (Jurassic and Triassic) Limestone, siltstone, and argillite. Consists of Sunrise and Gabbs Area 2 Formations of Taylor and others (1983) MzPz g Greenstone (Mesozoic or MzPzs Serpentinite (Mesozoic c* Paleozoic) Includes some Paleozoic) Tectonically interleavfd volcaniclastic rocks and limestone with Paleozoic oceanic sedimentary ard "fil Luning Formation and mafic volcanic rocks lithologically equivalent rocks "RPcd Candelaria Formation (Triassic) air*! (Triassic) Limestone, dolomite, Diablo Formation (Permian), shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. As undivided mapped may locally include some rocks PMh Havallah sequence of Silberling aid of Permian age Roberts (1962) (Permian, "figv Grantsville Formation (Triassic) Pennsylvanian, and Conglomerate, argillite, and limestone Mississippian) Argillite, chert, "fic Candelaria Formation (Triassic) greenstone, and minor sandstona, Argillite, siltstone, quartzite, conglomerate, and limestone conglomerate, and limestone. IPwp Wildcat Peak Formation Volcanogenic debris in upper part (Pennsylvanian) Limestone, Pm Mina Formation of Speed (1977) sandy limestone, and chert- arToquima Range, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Tonopah 1° x 2° quadrangle, central Nevada: Geological Survey Bulletin 1775-A, p. Al- U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field A8. Studies Map MF-1877-K, scale 1:250,000. Shawe, D.R., Marvin, R.F., Andriessen, P.A.M., Mills, B.A., Boden, D.R., and Sander, M.V., 1988, Mehnert, H.H., and Merritt, V.M., 1986, Alteration and precious metal mineralization Ages of igneous and hydrothermal events in associated with the Toquima caldera the Round Mountain and Manhattan gold complex, Nye County, Nevada, in Schafer, districts, Nye County, Nevada: Economic R.W., Cooper, J.J., and Vikre, P.G., eds., Geology, v. 81, no. 2, p. 388-407. Bulk mineable precious metal deposits of the Silberling, N.J., 1959, Pre-Tertiary stratigraphy Taylor, D.G., Smith, P.L., Laws, R.A., and Gu^x, and Upper Triassic paleontology of the Jean, 1983, The stratigraphy and biofac;«?s Union district, Shoshone Mountains, trends of the Lower Mesozoic Gabbs and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Sunrise Formations, west-central Nevada: Paper 322, 67 p. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 1984, Map showing localities and 1598-1608. correlations of age-diagnostic lower Vitaliano, C.J. and Vitaliano, D.B., 1972, Mesozoic megafossils, Walker Lake 1° x 2° Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the southern quadrangle, Nevada and California: U.S. Shoshone Mountains and Paradise Ran^e, Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Nevada: Geological Society of Amer'ca Studies Map MF-1382-O, scale 1:250,000. Bulletin, v. 83, p. 3269-3280. Silberling, N.J., and John, D.A., 1989, Geologic Whitebread, D.H., Brem, G.F., Andrews, T.D., end map of pre-Tertiary rocks of the Paradise Silberling, N.J., 1988, Preliminary geologic Range and southern Lodi Hills, west-central map of the eastern half of the lone Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2065, Geological Survey Open-File Report, 88-48, scale 1:24,000. scale 1:62,500. Silberling, N.J., and Roberts, R.J., 1962, Pre- Whitebread, D.H., and Hardyman, R.F., 1987, Tertiary stratigraphy and structure of Preliminary geologic map of part of the northwestern Nevada: Geological Society of Cedar Mountains and Royston Hills, America Special Paper 72, 58 p. Esmeralda and Nye Counties, Nevada: U.S. Silberman, M.L., Bonham, H.F., Jr., Garside, L.J., Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-613, and Osbome, D.H., 1975, New K-Ar ages of scale 1:62,500. volcanic and plutonic rocks and ore deposits in western Nevada: Isochron/West, no. 13, p. 13-21. Silberman, M.L., and McKee, E.H., 1971, K-Ar ages of granitic plutons in north-central Nevada: Isochron/West, no. 71-1, p. 15-32. 1972, A summary of radiometric age determinations on Tertiary volcanic rocks from Nevada and eastern California: Part TJ, western Nevada: Isochron/West, no. 4, p. 7- 28. Snyder, R.P., Ekren, E.B., and Dixon, G.L., 1972, Geologic map of the Lunar Crater quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1-700, scale 1:48,000. Speed, R.C., 1977, An appraisal of the Pablo Formation of presumed Late Paleozoic age, central Nevada, in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C. H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 1, p. 315-324. Speed, R.C., and Armstrong, R.L., 1971, Potassium-argon ages of some minerals from igneous rocks of western Nevada: Isochron/West, no. 1, p. 1-8. Speed, R.C., and McKee, E.H., 1976, Age and origin of the Darrough Felsite, southern Toiyabe Range, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 4, p. 75-81. Steiger, R.H., and Jager, E., 1977, Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmo- chronology: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, v. 36, p. 359-362. Streckeisen, A.L., 1976, Plutonic rocks-­ classification and nomenclature: Geotimes, v. 18, no. 10, p. 26-30. Table 1. Summary of isotopic age data in the Tonopah quadrangle [K-Ar ages published before 1977 are corrected using the constants recommended by IUGS Subcommission on Geochronology (Steiger and lager, 1977)]

Map unit Age (Ma) Area Reference

Ts4 H-12 Cedar Mtns. Evemden and others, 1964.

13 Monte Cristo Range Evernden and James, 1964.

16-17 San Antonio Mtns. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

Qb 0.1-1 Pancake Range Dohrenwend and others, 1987.

Tba 20-12 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987; John and others, 1989.

7 Monte Cristo Range McKee and John, 1987.

15-16 San Antonio Mtns. Bonham and Garside, 1979; Armstrong and others, 1972.

16 Thunder Mm. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

10 Squaw Hills Ekren and others, 1973a.

4-6 Reveille Range Ekren and others, 1973b; Dohrenwend and others, 1985.

20 Toiyabe Range McKee and John, 1987.

Ta4 17-19 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987.

20 Royston Hills McKee and John, 1987.

12-20 Monte Cristo Range McKee and John, 1987; Silberman and others, 1975; Silberman and McKee, 1972.

17 Indian Valley McKee and John, 1987.

21 San Antonio Mtns. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

Tr4 16-19 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987.

7-19 Monte Cristo Range Silberman and others, 1975; McKee and John, 1987. 20 Toiyabe Range McKee and John, 1987.

15-19 San Antonio Mtns. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

19 Reveille Range Ekren and others, 1973b.

Ta3 22 Monte Cristo Range Hambrick, 1984.

23 Toquima Range Shawe and others, 1986.

Tr3 22 Lone Mtn. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

Ta2 24-26 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987; John and others, 1989.

26-27 Monitor Range D.R. Shawe, written commun., 1986.

Tr2 24-28 Toquima Range D.R. Shawe, written commun., 1986; McKee and John, 1987.

26-30 Monitor Range McKee and John, 1987.

Tr, 38 Park Range Dixon and others, 1972.

Tt4 17 Monte Cristo Range McKee and John, 1987.

Tf 18-21 San Antonio Mtns. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

Tt, 22-24 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987; John and others, 1989.

22 Shoshone Mtns. McKee and John, 1987.

Tsw 20-22 Monitor Range Kleinhampl and Ziony, 1985; McKee and John, 1987.

Ttt 21-23 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987.

22 Toiyabe Range McKee and John, 1987; Silberman and McKee, 1972.

22 Shoshone Mountains McKee and John, 1987.

10 Tgw 23-24 Pancake Range Snyder and others, 1972.

Tbm 23 Crested Wheat Ridge Sargent and McKee, 1969.

25 Hot Creek Range Deino, 1989.

Tt2 26-30 Cedar Mtns. McKee and John, 1987.

26-29 Royston Hills McKee and John, 1987.

30 Shoshone Mtns. McKee and John, 1987.

24-32 Toquima Range Boden, 1986; McKee and John, 1987; Mills and others, 1988.

24-27 Monitor Range McKee and John, 1987.

28-29 Crested Wheat Ridge Dixon and others, 1972; Marvin and others, 1973.

31 Squaw Hills Ekren and others, 1973 a.

31 Halligan Mesa Ekren and others, 1973a.

26 Pancake Range Ekren and others, 1973b.

Tad 25 Paradise Range McKee and John, 1987.

24.5 Shoshone Mountains Armstrong, 1970.

Tpc 25 Toquima Range Shawe and others, 1986; Shawe, 1986.

Tsp 25-28 Crested Wheat Ridge Sargent and McKee, 1969;

22-28 Pancake Range Marvin and others, 1973.

Trr 25 Toquima Range Shawe and others, 1986.

Tkc 25-26 Hot Creek Range Quinlivan and Rogers, 1974.

Tmj 25-27 Toquima Range D.R. Shawe, written commun., 1986; Boden, 1986; McKee and John, 1987; Marvin and others, 1973; Mills and others, 1988.

11 Tbt 25-27 Monitor Range D.R. Shawe, written commun., 1986; McKee and John, 1987.

Tm 28 Heart Hills Ekren and others, 1973a.

28 Palisade Mesa Marvin and others, 1973.

27-29 Hot Creek Range Quinlivan and Rogers, 1974.

The 30-32 Hot Creek Range Marvin and others, 1973;

30-31 Squaw Hills Ekren and others, 1973a.

Twb 31-32 Park Range Gromme and others, 1972; Marvin and others, 1973.

Twm 32-33 Halligan Mesa Ekren and others, 1973a.

32 Squaw Hills Ekren and others, 1973a.

Tg 31 Toiyabe Range Speed and McKee, 1976.

36-37 Toquima Range Shawe and others, 1986.

26 Monitor Range John, 1987b.

TKg 56 Toiyabe Range Speed and McKee, 1976.

Kg 102 Lodi Hills John, 1987b; John and Robinson, 1989.

74 Paradise Range John and McKee, 1987.

83 Pilot Mtns. Grabber, 1984.

80 Rock Hill area Silberman and others, 1975.

66-79 San Antonio Mtns. Silberman and others, 1975; Shaver, 1984.

67-86 Lone Mtn. Silberman and others, 1975; John and Robinson, 1989.

12 68-100 Toiyabe Range John and McKee, 1987; John, 1987b; John and Robinson, 1989; Marvin and Dobson, 1979.

75-95 Toquima Range Shawe and others, 1986; Silberman and McKee, 1971; Ervine, 1972; Edwards and McLaughlin, 1972; John and Robinson, 1989.

Kd 113 Lone Mtn. Bonham and Garside, 1979.

157 Toquima Range Silberman and McKee, 1971.

198 Monte Cristo Range Silberman and others, 1975.

199-206 Royston Hills Speed and Armstrong, 1971; John, 1987b; John and Robinson, 1989.

221 San Antonio Mtns. John and McKee, 1987.

13