DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Equity and Diversity in Early Childhood Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Equity and Diversity in Early Childhood Education THE ROLE OF EQUITY AND DIVERSITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION An Open Educational Resources Publication by College of the Canyons Created by Krischa Esquivel, Emily Elam, Jennifer Paris, and Maricela Tafoya Peer Reviewed by Cindy Stephens and Antoinette Ricardo Editor: Alexa Johnson, Trudi Radtke, and Alex Gavilan Cover: Ian Joslin and Anthony Flores Version 1.0 2020 1 | The Role Of Equity And Diversity In Early Childhood Education Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Dianne G. Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office Have Feedback or Resources to Share? Catch a typo? Want to suggest a change to improve the book? Please send us your feedback in this survey. Did you use this book and make changes? Did you create supplementary resources (PowerPoints, activities, test/quiz banks, etc.)? Please put a creative commons license on those and share them back with us by joining and uploading them to the Google Group. If you are having issues, please contact [email protected]. Looking for resources? See what has been compiled in the Google Group. © 2018, California Community Colleges, Chancellor’s Office. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 2 | The Role Of Equity And Diversity In Early Childhood Education Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Section One: Introduction to Diversity, Equity, Culture, and Identity .................................................. 12 Chapter 1: Looking at Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ........................................................................ 13 Diversity .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in the U.S. and California ................................................................ 14 Equity ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Why Does Educational Equity Matter? .............................................................................................. 16 Inclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 17 Inclusion as it Relates to Children with Disabilities ............................................................................ 17 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2: The Importance of Culture ................................................................................................ 19 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 19 The Role of Culture in Development ....................................................................................................... 24 Myths About Culture ............................................................................................................................... 25 Responsiveness to Culture and Language Supports Children’s Learning ............................................... 26 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 3: The Development of Identity in Children ........................................................................... 27 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 27 How Children Develop Identity ............................................................................................................... 27 The Role of Early Childhood Education and Play ............................................................................... 28 Relationships with Peers .................................................................................................................... 28 Play ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Culture and Self-Identity ......................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 4: Teachers’ Professional Identity and Becoming Equity Minded ........................................... 34 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Development of Teachers’ Identity ......................................................................................................... 34 Becoming Equity Minded ................................................................................................................... 36 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 38 Section Two: Anti-bias and Equitable Education ................................................................................. 39 Chapter 5: Developmentally, Culturally, and Linguistically Appropriate Classroom Environments, Materials, and Approaches ................................................................................................................ 40 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Developmentally Appropriate Practices ................................................................................................. 40 Curriculum in Multicultural Classrooms .................................................................................................. 42 Classroom Materials ........................................................................................................................... 42 Children’s Books ................................................................................................................................. 44 3 | The Role Of Equity And Diversity In Early Childhood Education Approaches to the Environment and Culturally Responsiveness ............................................................ 48 Culture in the Classroom .................................................................................................................... 49 The Role of Diversity in Early Childhood Programs across the Globe ..................................................... 54 From Australia .................................................................................................................................... 54 New Zealand’s Te Whariki Curriculum ............................................................................................... 56 Suggestions for Your Program and Classrooms ...................................................................................... 57 1. Respect the Uniqueness of Each Family System ............................................................................ 57 2. Develop a Personalized Relationship with Families ....................................................................... 57 3. Communicate in Culturally Appropriate Ways ............................................................................... 58 4. Recruit Staff Who View Diversity as an Asset ................................................................................ 58 5. Create Alliances with Cultural Guides ............................................................................................ 59 6. Evaluate Process and Outcomes .................................................................................................... 59 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Chapter 6: Multiculturalism and Social Justice in the Classroom: Using Anti-Bias Curriculum ............. 62 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 62 Goals ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 The Role of the Early Childhood Educator .............................................................................................. 63 1. Personal commitment .................................................................................................................... 63 2. Knowledge of what makes a difference ......................................................................................... 63 3. Educational leadership ................................................................................................................... 63 Practices to Promote a Multicultural Classroom ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Educational Equity for All
    SPEAK TRUTH TO POWER RFK DEFENDERS VIDEO VIGNETTE ACTIVITY 2: MARIAN WRIGHT EDELMAN TOPIC EDUCATIONAL EQUITY FOR ALL KEY LEARNING OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES In this activity, students learn about Marian Wright Edelman’s advocacy for Students will be able to: high-quality education for all children. After discussing the lifelong benefits of • Identify key elements of a good education, students analyze various demographic and societal factors Marian Wright Edelman’s influencing the quality of education various groups are able to obtain. Then activism they research potential strategies for addressing inequality in education and consider steps they can take to advocate for educational equality for all. • Describe how poverty and race influence the quality of educational UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS opportunities • Article 1: Right to Equality • Outline several strategies • Article 2: Freedom from Discrimination for promoting equity in • Article 3: Right to Life, Liberty, and Personal Security education • Article 22: Right to Social Security • Article 26: Right to Education TARGET AUDIENCE Social Studies, Language Arts, Fine Arts, Grades 9–12 ACTIVITY DURATION Two 45–60 minute class periods ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS • High-quality education is a basic human right and is essential to every individual’s success in the modern world. • In theory, the United States Constitution guarantees all American children access to equally high-quality education. In practice, children attending schools in high-poverty areas often do not receive a high-quality
    [Show full text]
  • Equity and Excellence: a Guide to Educational Equity in Maryland
    EQUITY AND EXCELLENCE A Guide to Educational Equity in Maryland TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 | Message From the State Superintendent of Schools 2 | How to Use the Guide 3 | Why Educational Equity? 4 | Focus 1: Academic Achievement and Growth 8 | Focus 2: Leadership and Human Capital 10 | Focus 3: School Climate and Culture 13 | Focus 4: Educator and Staff Capacity 15 | Key Terms/Resources 16 | Maryland Network for Equity and Excellence in Education MARYLAND EDUCATIONAL EQUITY GUIDEBOOK 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dear Maryland Leaders: I believe that educational equity is a critical priority for Maryland, as well as a cornerstone in my work 1 | Message From the State Superintendent of Schools as Maryland State Superintendent of Schools. Although we have seen some progress in our State indicators, achievement and opportunity gaps still persist at all levels of our education system. I 2 | How to Use the Guide believe very strongly that all students deserve an education that prepares them for life long learning, success when they enter the workforce and participation in our representative government. There 3 | Why Educational Equity? are many students who are not receiving the high-quality educational experiences that are needed to reach these goals. Yes, we have admired the problem very frequently, but now it is time to work 4 | Focus 1: Academic Achievement and Growth actively towards resolving it. 8 | Focus 2: Leadership and Human Capital We must approach equity with urgency so that all children can realize the promise of public education. The importance of educational equity and its relationship to educational excellence is 10 | Focus 3: School Climate and Culture highlighted in the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) logo, but more importantly, it is, and must continue to be, evident in our work.
    [Show full text]
  • Equity Literacy Resources, Fall 2019
    1 National Life Drive, Davis 5 Montpelier, VT 05620-2501 Equity Literacy Resources, Fall 2019 The following list of resources, updated in the fall of 2019, is a small sample of possible opportunities for equity literacy learning that can be used to supplement the Spring 2019 resource list. We acknowledge that all groups and communities may not be represented by this list, but it provides a place to start, as you may adapt or reinterpret a resource to fit your local needs or community. Act 173 A Vermont legislative act relating to enhancing the effectiveness, availability and equity of services provided to students who require additional support. GLSEN Lesson plans, resources and educator guides from an organization that believes that every student, in every school, (should) be valued and treated with respect, regardless of their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. Implicit Bias Module Series: Kirwin Institute at Ohio State University This module series provides insight into how our minds operate to help us understand the origins of implicit bias and learn strategies to address individual implicit biases. Scene on Radio A mix of stand-alone and multi-episode series podcasts that tell stories exploring human experience and American society. The Seeing White series explores the history and meaning of whiteness. Vermont Commission on Native American Affairs This site has information on Vermont's Abenaki Bands. Each of Vermont’s Abenaki communities hosts a rich website full of interesting information on the tribe’s history, traditions, language, stories, governance, education, powwows and other events, and much more. Welcoming Schools Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s program providing resources for elementary school educators to help prevent bias-based bullying and create a safe, supportive and inclusive atmosphere for all students.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fundamentals of Educational Equity
    Equity Digest APRIL, 2019 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATIONAL EQUITY Welcome to Equity Digest! This newsletter is for education Get Informed The fundamental belief driving the pursuit of ed- stakeholders (e.g. community members, caregivers) who have The Pursuit Of Educational Equity Is Essential For ucational equity is that all students can succeed an interest in supporting educational equity in their school The Success Of All Students under the right conditions. When discussing communities. What is educational equity? Educational equity historically underserved students, we are can be defined as beliefs, actions, and policies that enable all Within the March issue of the Equity Digest, the MAP talking about those students who have been Center re-issued the first Equity Dispatch debuted in underserved by their schools—and the overall students to have access to and participate in quality learning January 2012. The Equity Dispatch provides a place public educational system--due to a variety of environments and experience successful outcomes. Each to begin for education stakeholders as we review the social factors. These social factors can include Equity Digest explains the concepts and findings of the latest fundamentals of educational equity and why it is so one or more of the following identifiers: race, academic research surrounding a particular equity-focused important in ensuring the success of all students. In gender, gender identity, class, ability, religious topic. The intent of this periodical is to relay equity concepts addition, we explore the history of this regional Equity affiliation, sexual orientation, and native and supporting research, “digesting” key findings so you can Assistance Center (EAC) and provide a few of our language.
    [Show full text]
  • Useful Definitions for Exploring Gender Equity Excerpted from A
    Useful Definitions for Exploring Educational Equity © developed by Barbara A. Bitters, Equity Mission Team Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Useful Definitions for Exploring Gender Equity Excerpted from a Larger Document Developed September, 1993 Revised August 1999 by Barbara A. Bitters, Director Equity Mission Team 1990-2003 Adapted January 2007 by Barbara A. Bitters Assistant Director, Career and Technical Education Team- The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, creed, sexual orientation, pregnancy, marital or parental status, or physical, mental, emotional or learning disability. 1 Useful Definitions for Exploring Educational Equity © developed by Barbara A. Bitters, Equity Mission Team Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Accumulation of Advantage Accumulation of Advantage (or disadvantage) means that very small differences in treatment can as they pile up result in large disparities or substantial long term effects. (Valian, 1999) Ally One (a non-target group member) who is united with another (a target group or member) to actively intervene, interrupt, challenge and counter personal andinstitutional attitudes and behaviors that perpetuate oppression. Androcentric An attitude, belief, action, or institutional policy that is male-centered. (Iowa Department of Education, 1989) Anti-Bias Education An active/activist approach to challenging prejudice, stereotyping and bias, and the “isms.” In a society in which institutional structures create and maintain sexism, racism, ableism, etc., it is not sufficient to be non- biased (and also highly unlikely), nor is it sufficient to be an observer. It is necessary for each individual to actively intervene, to challenge and counter the personal and institutional behaviors that perpetuate oppression.
    [Show full text]
  • Equity and Inclusion in Education in World Bank Projects: Persons with Disabilities, Indigenous Peoples, and Sexual and Gender Minorities | 45 Appendix 1
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EQUITY AND INCLUSION IN EDUCATION Public Disclosure Authorized IN WORLD BANK PROJECTS: Persons with Disabilities, Indigenous Peoples, and Sexual and Gender Minorities May 2019 This report was prepared by World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the authors. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, color, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions: The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to the work is given. The material in this work is subject to copyright. PHOTO CREDITS FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: Dominic Chavez/World Bank, Corinna Kern, wavebreakmedia / Shutterstock, Movilh Chile, Curt Carnemark / World Bank, Simone D. McCourtie / World Bank, Mohamad Al-Arief / World Bank, Jenny Matthews/Leonard Cheshire Disability, GPE/Sarah Beeching, Dominic Chavez/World Bank, Trevor
    [Show full text]
  • Six Goals of Educational Equity and School Reform (PDF)
    Intercultural Development Research Association South Central Collaborative for Equity Six Goals of Educational Equity and School Reform Developed by Bradley Scott, Ph.D. The Equity Ranking Scale 1 – Nothing has occurred in that area and no effort exists for responding positively to the question. 2 – Nothing has occurred in response to the question, but extensive efforts exist for being able to respond to the question positively. 3 – The question can be answered positively and some efforts to uphold and exceed that positive response exist. 4 – The question can be answered positively and extensive efforts to uphold and exceed that positive response exist. Six Goals of Educational Equity and School Reform Goals Issue Questions Goal 1: Comparably High 1. Are there comparably high achievement outcomes for all ________ Achievement and other Student learners? Outcomes 2. Are there comparably high social outcomes for all learners, such as responsible citizenship development, cross-cultural As data on academic achievement and competence, conflict resolution and life skills development? ________ other students outcomes are disaggregated and analyzed, one sees 3. Are school promotion and completion rates consistently high comparable performance for all high for all diverse learners? ________ identifiable groups of learners, and achievement/performance gaps are 4. How are data disaggregated? virtually non-existent. ________ 5. What is the district using as indicators of success? ________ 6. Are there high literacy, numeracy and technological competence for all diverse learners? ________ 7. Are the assessment measures fair, equitable and appropriate? ________ 8. What is the role of alternative assessment procedures? ________ 9. Are there comparably high rates of participation in college and/or post secondary preparation or is there competent preparation for school-to-work transition for all learners? ________ 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Comprehensive Educational Equity: Legal and Legislative Perspectives
    IMPLEMENTING COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE PERSPECTIVES MICHAEL A. REBELL Draft:11-12-08 NOT FOR CIRCULATION OR QUOTATION © Michael A. Rebell All rights reserved. This is a working draft of a Paper prepared for the 2008 Equity Symposium, “Comprehensive Educational Equity: Overcoming the Socioeconomic Barriers to School Success,” Teachers College, Columbia University, Nov. 17-18, 2008. IMPLEMENTING COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE PERSPECTIVES MICHAEL A. REBELL America’s prime educational policy, at both the state and federal levels, is to raise academic standards and to prepare all students to be proficient in meeting them. The state standards reform movement of the past 15 years is premised on the conviction that if provided proper resources and supports, “[a]ll children can learn…at world class levels,”1 and the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) holds states and school districts accountable for making sure that all children attain “proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards” by the 2013-2014 school year.2 This policy reflects a bipartisan consensus of presidents, governors, corporate leaders, and educators that has been forged over the past two decades. It responds to fundamental economic, national security, and civic concerns that unless our schools dramatically improve, America’s ability to compete in the global marketplace and the continued vitality of our democratic institutions will be at risk.3 Elimination of the large achievement gaps between 1 NEW YORK STATE BOARD OF REGENTS, ALL CHILDREN CAN LEARN: A PLAN FOR REFORM OF STATE AID TO SCHOOLS (1993); see also NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE , FROM NEURON TO NEIGHBORHOODS: THE SCIENCE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (Jack P.
    [Show full text]
  • • the Equity Literacy Approach: Becoming a Threat to Inequity In
    VERMONT www.vthec.org HIGHER EDUCATION 802-498-3350 COLLABORATIVE • The Equity Literacy Approach: Becoming a Threat to Inequity in Classrooms and Schools • Presenter: Paul Gorski, Ph.D. Audience: Teams comprised of education leaders and general educators including superintendents, assistant superintendents, curriculum coordinators, principals, directors of special education, teachers, special educators, interventionists, coaches, counselors, etc.; as well as educators in higher education and community members representing organizations that work with children and youth across the state of VT. What are the knowledge and skills we need to establish greater equity in our classrooms and schools? In these workshop days we explore the equity literacy framework — an approach for strengthening our literacy related to educational equity. We will begin by deepening our understandings of why inequities and educational outcome disparities persist across race, class, and other factors. Then, through interactive activities, case studies, and other exercises, we will apply these deeper understandings to classroom and school policy and practice. We will take an intersectional approach, discussing equity concerns including race, class, gender, sexual orientation, religion, (dis)ability, and language, among others. Paul and his colleagues will also offer three topic specific workshops in spring 2019 for participants who want to grow their understanding of poverty, racism, and gender (see other side). Paul Gorski is the founder of the Equity Literacy Institute and EdChange. He has 20 years of experience helping educators strengthen their equity efforts in classrooms, schools, and districts. Paul is the author of many books and articles, as well as of Multicultural Pavilion, an online compendium of free resources for teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning to Advocate for Educational Equity in a Teacher Credential Program
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@CalPoly Learning to advocate for educational equity in a teacher credential program a,� b Steven Z. Athanases , Kathleen J. Martin aSchool of Education, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8579, USA bEthnic Studies Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA Abstract Drawing on a 5-year program-wide investigation of ways preservice teachers learn to teach to diversity, this study uses focus groups of graduates to illuminate survey results of their feeling well prepared to advocate for equity in classrooms and schools. Offering suggestions for improvement, graduates nonetheless reported two broad categories of program strength. The first was the value of infusion of culture, language, and equity content in coursework. Themes in strong coursework included focus on culturally responsive, equity-focused pedagogy; preparation to teach English language learners; developing cultural knowledge and sensitivity; and learning advocacy beyond the classroom. Faculty taught and modeled these concerns through many means. The second, which extended coursework, was sustained and scaffolded apprenticeships in teaching for equity, including student teaching supervisors as equity mentors, placements that support teaching for equity, and ongoing cohort discussions of equity teaching. Keywords: Educational equity; Teacher education; Teacher credential program; Cultural and linguistic diversity; Social
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Educational Equity in Romania
    No.4 Improving Educational Equity in Romania Romania has made significant progress in recent decades to modernise its education system and improve student learning outcomes. However, while the system enables some students to excel, too many progress through school without mastering basic competencies and a large share leave education before completing upper secondary education (Kitchen et al., 2017[1]; Eurostat, 2019[2]). In 2016, the Educated Romania project began a multi-year national consultation led by the President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, to discuss key challenges for education in the country and identify objectives for 2030. The Educated Romania report puts forward a set of goals to increase access to quality education for all social groups, and in particular students from disadvantaged and under-represented groups. The report recommends that Romania: • Improve access to high-quality education for all children (also see policy brief on early childhood education and care). • Help struggling students early on in their education career. • Help motivate students by creating a nurturing environment and holding high expectations for all students, with support targeted to those who are struggling. • Distribute resources more equitably across schools and encourage social diversity. • Give schools more freedom to decide what to teach and how to assess student progress. • Involve parents, local communities, and offer special programmes to support children with vulnerable backgrounds, including students in rural areas, those from socio-economically disadvantaged families and those with disabilities. The mission of the Structural Reform Support Service (SRSS) of the European Commission is to provide support for the preparation and implementation of growth-enhancing administrative and structural reforms by mobilising EU funds and technical expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Early Learning: Educational Equity for Young Latinos
    Transforming Early Learning: Educational Equity for Young Latinos March 2009 Acknowledgements Latino Policy Forum would like to thank the agencies and individuals listed below for their guidance, expertise, insight, and contributions to this report. All in their own way were key in identifying many of the relevant issues discussed in this report: David Alexander, Illinois Action for Children Barbara Bowman, Chicago Public Schools Miriam Calderon, National Council of La Raza Ellen Chavez, Casa Central Ric Estrada, Erie Neighborhood House Maricela Garcia, National Council of La Raza, former Executive Director of the Latino Policy Forum Judy Iturriago, Northeastern Illinois University Clara Lopez, El Valor Maria Esther Lopez, El Valor Erika Okezie-Phillips, McCormick Foundation Sheena Panoor, Voices for Illinois Children Aisha Ray, Erickson Institute Diana Rauner, Ounce of Prevention Fund Celena Roldan, Erie Neighborhood House Nancy Shier, Ounce of Prevention Fund Jerry Stermer, Voices for Illinois Children Josie Yanguas, Illinois Resource Center Erika Beltran, NCLR Technical Assistance Barbara Buell, Review and Comment Maria Cardenas, Copy Editor Harriette Herrera, Consultant Ellen Hunt, Editor Roger Knight, Data Support Reyna Hernandez, Staff Researcher/Writer Michelle Kaplan, Staff, Interviews Bernice Alejo, Staff Ruben Feliciano, Staff Latino Policy Forum Early Childhood Education Working Group Casa Central Erie Neighborhood House El Valor Illinois Early Learning Council (IELC) IELC Linguistic and Cultural Diversity Committee National Council of La Raza, Technical Assistance Quality Alliance Member Organizations Birth-To-Five Policy Alliance, Funding The McCormick Foundation, Funding Transforming Early Learning: Educational Equity for Young Latinos Mission To build the power, influence, and leadership of the Latino community through collective action to transform public policies that ensure the well being of our community and society as a whole.
    [Show full text]