Polygala Myrtifolia

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Polygala myrtifolia COMMON NAME Sweet pea shrub FAMILY Polygalaceae FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE POLMYR HABITAT Terrestrial. Susceptible to frost. Coastal areas, forest margins, open land, islands, inland scrub. FEATURES Polygala myrtifolia. Photographer: Richard Perennial much-branched shrub up to 2m high. Young stems with short Hursthouse curly hairs, glabrous when older. Leaves all alternate, glabrous or very sparsely hairy, elliptic to obovate, obtuse or rarely slightly retuse, entire, 15~30mm long; petioles 1~2mm long. Flowers clustered in short simple terminal racemes; perianth coloured or veined purple toward apex; pedicels 5~8mm long; bracts suborbicular, 2~3mm long, persistent; 3 outer sepals ovate, 5~7mm long; wings petaloid, ovate-orbicular, approx. 15~17mm long, slightly > corolla; outer petals 2-lobed, around 1/3~1/4 length of keel; keel with a fimbriate crest near apex. Capsule glabrous, around 10mm long with a marginal wing about 1mm wide, approx. 2/3 length of persistent calyx wings; seeds hairy, dark brown, oblong, about 5mm long; strophiole 3-lobed. Polygala myrtifolia. Photographer: Richard SIMILAR TAXA Hursthouse Much-branched shrub up to 2m; leaves are 2.5cm, alternate, oval and light green; younger stems of the plant are covered in short, curly hairs; pea-like flowers, 1.5cm long, are clustered at the end of each short branchlet; petals are pinky-purple, middle petal is white with a purple blush ending in a tuft of white hairs; seeds are dark brown and hairy in a 10mm winged capsule. FLOWERING January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December FLOWER COLOURS Red/Pink, Violet/Purple YEAR NATURALISED 1870 ORIGIN South Africa Reason For Introduction Ornamental Life Cycle Comments Perennial. Seed Prolific seeder. Dispersal Seeds are dispersed by wind and sometimes water; the majority fall close to the parent plant. Tolerances Tolerant of shade and wet conditions. Seedlings regrow after fire. MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/polygala-myrtifolia/.

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Biological Control Prospects for Polygala
72 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.26(2) 2011 Mechanical and chemical control tech- niques are utilized to suppress P. myrtifo- Phytophagous organisms associated with the woody lia, but are generally only successful when shrub Polygala myrtifolia (Polygalaceae) and their applied to small areas where regular fol- low-up treatments can be implemented. potential for classical biological control in Australia In Australia, few phytophagous arthro- pods occur on P. myrtifolia, and herbivory Robin J. AdairA,D, Stefan NeserB and Val StajsicC damage is low to negligible. Low herbivo- A Department of Primary Industries, Bioprotection Research Division, ry pressure in Australia may contribute to PO Box 48, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia. the success of P. myrtifolia as an environ- B Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, mental weed. In contrast, phytophagous species can cause substantial damage to Private Bag, X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. C P. myrtifolia in South Africa, and several National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, species have potential for classical biolog- Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia. ical control (Adair and Neser 1996). Al- D LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. though P. myrtifolia has not been formally accepted as a target for biological control in Australia, this form of suppression is considered the only effective long-term Summary management option. Coastal ecosystems in southern Australia in Adelaide in 1845 (Carter et al. 1990). In this paper, the phytophagous biota have been invaded by the South African The first presumed wild collections of associated with P. myrtifolia and their po- shrub Polygala myrtifolia L. (Polyga- P.
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