CoGen Plant: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 3

Schedule regular inspection, Roof Remaining roof systems at Proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, and Moderate maintenance, and timely ‐ n/a ‐ RV4 each building replacement are required. 1 replacement of roof systems. Five aerials and two small monitoring units are Upgrade mounts at aerials and Roof Boiler bldg, aerials and mounted to the roof‐edge handrails with Low small equipment that is mounted $2,000 RV6 light equipment inadequate or corroded mounts. High winds will 1 to rails. detach this equipment. Install an aditional guy wire and The guyed stack is missing a guy wire on the west Roof Boiler 8 bldg, large guy anchor at west side of stack. side, making it vulnerable to high winds from the Moderate $7,000 RV7 stainless stack Installation will require new 1 west. framing for guy anchor. Install guy wires and guy anchors The large ducts lack guy wires on the west side, Roof Large ducts at Boiler 8, at west side of ducts. Installation making them vulnerable to high winds from the Moderate $15,000 RV8 lower level will require new framing for guy 1 west. anchors. Tall square ducts can be rocked by hand, and have Rework and upgrade base Roof Tall square vents at Boiler under‐deck mounts that are not rigid. They are Moderate attachments, or add guy wires to $12,000 RV9 8 upper level 1 vulnerable to being toppled by high winds. support upper part of vent stack. Study Only: Engineering or architectural study to wind load The curtain walls are well‐built and in good Glass and aluminum capacity of existing glass and condition, but were designed under a more lenient Cladg panels at curtain wall, aluminum panels, compare to Code. Due to the vast extent of glass on these large High $45,000 CV2 new Boiler & Turbine current Code requirements, 1 buildings, it is prudent to check their resistance to buildings estimate cost of upgraded panels, blow‐out in high winds. and determine cost/ benefit of upgrading panels. Inspect site for loose debris or High winds may drive unsecured items stored at Site Stored items and site unsecured stored items; haul off the site and miscellaneous debris into building Moderate ‐ n/a ‐ SV1 debris debris and tie down stored 1 exits or vehicle lanes, blocking them. materials.

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Vehicle access is currently limited to two narrow As construction project is routes from Cameron at the northwest, and one completed at northeast part of Site Access drives onto Cogen very narrow route across the south of the site. High site, complete the vehicle entry ‐ n/a ‐ SV2 site 1 Windstorms or other events could readily block drives onto the site from the east vehicle access to the east half of the site. side. The age and condition of the interlocking pavers Roof New Boiler bldg, and thermoplastic membrane roof system make High Replace the roof systems. $540,000 RV2 thermoplastic roof these roof sections vulnerable to tear‐off in high 2 winds.

Turbine bldg, paver The age and condition of the interlocking pavers Roof system with modified make these roof sections vulnerable to tear‐off in High Replace the paver system. $135,000 RV3 2 bitumen membrane high winds.

The loose roof ballast at the Boiler 8 building may During next re‐roof, use roof Cladg Glass panels at new Boiler be blown off during very high winds and break Moderate system that does not require ‐ n/a ‐ CV3 & Turbine buildings glass curtain wall panels at the new Boiler and 2 loose ballst rock. Turbine buildings. Roof‐top equipment or wall panels lost to high Site Roof‐top equipment, wall See mitigation steps for RV7, RV8, winds may block the limited vehicle lanes at the Moderate ‐ n/a ‐ SV3 panels, curtain wall parts RV9, and CV1. 2 site, impeding emergency access.

Roof Admin & Boiler 8, The age and condition of these roofs make them Moderate Replace the roof systems. $100,000 RV1 modified bitumen roofs vulnerable to tear‐off in high winds. 3

Roof Large stacks at Boiler Stack sleeve and mounts are corroded. High winds Replace stack sleeve and corroded Low $6,000 RV5 building could topple stacks, damaging the roof surface. mounts. 3

The white metal wall panels at penthouse and at south addition have insufficient fasteners attaching Repair existing notched girts and Cladg Metal wall panels at Boiler the panels to the girts. Many girts have been Moderate add additional girts and fasteners $28,000 CV1 8 building weakened by notch cuts to accommodate the cross‐ 3 at metal wall panel assemblies. bracing. The wall panels are vulnerable to tear‐off in high winds. Total of Projected Mitigation $890,000 Costs:

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Lenoir Building: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 3 Roof is vulnerable to wind damage at isolated areas Replace broken slate, re‐secure Roof Slate roofs of damage: Cracked, loose, and broken slate and Moderate loose slate, and replace or rework RV1 damaged repair straps. repair straps. $12,000 1 Gaps between slate and coping at gable details make Roof Rework perimeter detail to Slate roofs perimeter slate vulnerable to water infiltration and Moderate RV2 include flashing under edge slates. loss of slates during high winds.

Proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, and Perform regular roof inspections Roof Roof systems replacement program will make roofs less vulnerable High and maintenance, and replace ‐ n/a ‐ RV3 1 to wind damage. roof on schedule.

Install new, larger fasteners at Both blower and duct have insufficient attachment to Roof Large blower unit and base of blower and duct to the roof, and are vulnerable to becoming detached Moderate $1,000 RV5 duct upgrade their attachment to their 1 during high winds. curbs. Install new, larger fasteners at top Vents may be dismounted during high winds, due to Roof of pedestal. Repair hinges and Fryer exhaust vents inadequate attachment screws, no latch bolts at Low $6,000 RV6 closure hardware and replace all 1 hinged top, and missing bolts at top lid. missing fasteners at lid. Penetration at slate roof has insufficient fasteners. Install new jack supports, with Roof Duct support jacks are not attached to roof. High positive attachment to the roof Large elevated duct Moderate $9,500 RV8 winds could dislodge the duct, damaging the duct and deck. Provide straps to tie duct to 1 both roofs. jacks.

Roof Vents have inadequate fasteners to roof curbs and Install new, larger fasteners Exhaust vents Moderate $2,000 RV9 may be torn off by high winds. between vent base and roof curb. 1

Provide deck anchors and guys as Roof Metal stacks with Stacks are loose and not adequately attached; will be Low required to secure the small $6,500 RV12 heaters blown over during high winds. 1 stacks.

Roof Hood has inadequate fasteners to roof curbs and may Install new, larger fasteners to tie Metal vent hood Low $1,000 RV11 be torn off by high winds. hood to its curb. 2

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Metal tables at north end and wooden tables with Cladg Unsecured tables and Secure wooden tables to plaza umbrellas at south end may be driven into building Low $2,000 CV2 signs pavers. 2 by high winds, breaking windows.

Site Unsecured wooden Unsecured dining tables outside of hotdog restaurant Secure wooden tables to plaza Low ‐ see CV2 ‐ SV1 tables near south end may be blown into doorway, blocking exit. pavers. 2

Roof Metal screen walls, 5' Mounting screws at louver panels are too small for Install additional mounting Moderate $6,500 RV4 high by 90' long high wind loads on panels. screws and brackets. 3

HVAC condenser units have no connection to roof, Roof Install attachment hardware to tie HVAC units and are vulnerable to sliding off their base during Low $5,500 RV7 units to their curbs. 3 high winds.

Roof Rear (southern) 10' of unit has no connection to roof. Install new attachment hardware Large HVAC unit Moderate $6,500 RV10 Very high winds may shift the unit off its curbs. between unit base and roof deck. 3

Trim tree branches that are Cladg Trees near tall High winds may break tree branches or topple trees Low within striking distance of $7,500 CV1 windows that are directly adjacent to Lenoir's large windows. 3 windows. Site Tree branches or fallen trees may block exits during Trees near exits Low Trim trees near exits. $1,500 SV2 high winds. 3 Total of Projected Mitigation Costs: $67,500

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Mary Ellen Jones Building: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 5 Structural supports for panels have been weakened Repair damaged concrete at by corrosion damage at steel connections and column stubs. Install new steel Cladg Precast panels at roof cracked concrete at column stubs. Over time, Very high support brackets and anchor $230,000 CV1 level supports will fail during high winds and a panel will 1 bolts. Protect connections from fall off the building. Structural repairs are required future corrosion. to mitigate this threat. Corrosion damage at support posts & connections, Repair corrosion damage & Roof Metal screen walls, 18' missing bolts, insufficient panel screws. Prone to upgrade connections. Provide Very high $32,000 RV1 high by 85' long failure in high wind. Will damage roof and nearby protection against future 1 equipment. corrosion. Inadequate, corroded, or missing fasteners at base. Install roof curb with structural Miscellaneous, large Roof Improper and corroded guy wires. Units will connection to deck. Secure unit to HVAC units outside of High $23,000 RV6 overturn in high wind, damaging unit, roof, and curb. Upgrade guy wires and 1 screen or on penthouse utility connections to unit. anchors. Mounting stanchions too small, inadequate to resist Upgrade supports for ducts, Roof Tall curved ducts, 10'x 3' high wind loads on duct. Base of duct corroded at repair corrosion damage. Provide High $17,000 RV2 in size, 22' tall connection with unit. Duct will break away in high protection against future 1 wind, damaging unit and nearby equipment. corrosion. Perform regular roof inspection, Roof Need for proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, Roof membrane High maintenance, and replace roof on ‐ n/a ‐ RV7 and replacement program 2 time. Severely corroded connection between blower and Roof Blower units on 4' high Replace attachment hardware at pedestal. Blowers will overturn in high winds, Moderate $21,000 RV3 pedestals blowers. 2 damaging blowers, ductwork, utilities, and roof. Inadequate fasteners to base. Hood may detach in Roof Install new fasteners at hood Fan hoods, 8'x 8' high wind, damaging unit and endangering Moderate $800 RV4 mount. 2 pedestrians on ground.

Roof Inadequate and/or corroded mounts. Aerials will Aerials Low Upgrade all aerial mounts. $22,000 RV8 break free during high winds, damaging roof. 3

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No securement to plastic pad set on roof surface, can Install roof curb with structural Roof Condenser units outside be moved by hand. Overturning in high wind could Low connection to deck. Secure unit to $5,000 RV5 of screen 3 damage MEP connections and roof curb. The fuel pipe is elevated and exposed for a short distance, between the fuel tank and the building. Site Fuel pipe for standby This section is vulnerable to breakage from flying Install protective guard around Low $4,000 SV1 generator debris during high winds. The hazard can be exposed portion of fuel pipe. 4 mitigated by re‐routing the pipe, or by installing a protective guard. Trees close to the building face will thrash about Cladg Second floor windows at Trim tree branches near building during high winds and upper branches will break Low $2,000 CV2 north side face. 4 windows. Mitigate by trimming tree branches.

Louvers protect mechanical systems and are subject Cladg Metal louver panels at to high wind loads due to their size. Mitigate hazard Inspect panel mounts for High $2,000 CV4 first story by inspecting connections between panels and corrosion or other damage. 4 building frame.

Nearby buildings have roof systems that include loose gravel. During very high winds, gravel may Consider this hazard in long‐term Cladg Windows impact the Jones Building, breaking windows. Low planning for campus roofing ‐ n/a ‐ CV3 5 Mitigation depends on overall University roofing program. strategy.

Cladg Minor spalls at wall Possible water entry at spalls during high winds. Repair panel spalls and reseal Low $9,000 CV5 panels Mitigate by repairing spalls. adjacent joints. 5

Total of Projected Mitigation Costs: $367,800

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Smith Arena: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 3 Loose and corroded fasteners at metal roof eaves, Walk every screw‐fastened seam. Roof swege laps, and transition flashings reduce security Fasteners at metal roof Moderate Tighten loose screws, replace $12,000 RV1 of roof panels, making them vulnerable to leaks and 1 rusty or missing screws. tear‐off during high winds.

Design upgrade to existing sleeve Connections at lower chords of pipe arches are connections. Fabricate and install Roof Pipe arches at fabric roof ‐ improperly built and have less strength and High new connection parts at eight $52,000 RV3 lower connections 1 stability than intended by the design. lower‐chord supports for pipe arches.

Fabric panel edges are tied to steel cables with Procure and install proper Roof Coated frabric membrane thousands of plastic wire ties. Wire ties are not connection ties between fabric High $9,000 RV4 ‐ edge details reliable over the long term and increase the panel grommets and adjacent 1 vulnerability of the fabric roof to wind damage. catenary cables. Due to the age of the fabric roof, the system requires specialty inspection to ensure that the Specialty inspection of fabric roof Roof Coated fabric roof at fabric, seams, and detailing remain in adequate panels, sleeves, seams, and High $9,000 RV6 dome condition to resist high wind loads. Degradation of grommets for material 1 the fabric roof components will result in degradation by age and sunlight. vulnerability to failure during high winds. Perform regular inspection and Roof Need for proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, Main metal roof areas Low maintenance, and replace roof on ‐ n/a ‐ RV7 and replacement program. 1 time.

Trim tree branches near High winds will propel loose site items into windows. Replace decayed Cladg windows. Loose site items include tree branches, timbers at eight landscaped Wind‐blown site debris Low $24,000 CV2 decayed landscape timbers, and unsecured tables slopes near exit ports. Secure 2 at east side of arena. metal tables along arena's east side.

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During severe winds, damage to smaller trees along Trim tree branches along Site Trees over walkways and walkways will partially block escape routes. Tall Low walkways. Remove tall trees over $11,000 SV1 utility ramp trees over ramp access road may topple into ramp 2 southeast ramp approach. and block access. No secondary drains. If primary drains are blocked Internal gutters at or overwhelmed, water will back up in gutters and Roof Install secondary drain system or perimeter single‐ply roof leak into the building at the parapet flashings. Moderate $190,000 RV2 scuppers at parapet walls. 3 area Water damage will reduce the uplift resistance of the single‐ply.

Roof Small aerials with rusted or inadequate mounts are Upgrade aerial mounts and Small roof‐top aerials Low $7,000 RV5 vulnerable to damage during high winds. replace corroded fasteners. 3

Study: Perform engineering study on wind loading capacity for 12'‐3" by 4'‐5" windows of 5/16" plate glass likely existing windows. Determine Cladg do not meet current Code requirements for wind failure windspeed. Compile costs Arena windows Moderate $14,000 CV1 loading, and may blow out during a Code wind for window upgrade options. 3 event. Progressive loss of windows is a possibility. Determine cost/benefit for installing stronger window assemblies.

Site Fuel lines at generator Steel fuel lines are elevated above tank and are Install protective guard around Low $4,000 SV2 fuel tank exposed to damage by wind‐drived debris. exposed section of fuel line. 3

Total of Projected Mitigation $332,000 Costs:

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Woollen Gym: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 5 Age and condition of recovery roof system makes roof vulnerable to damage and blow‐off during high Replace roof system at main gym. Roof wind leading to water entry and damage. Lack of Low‐Sloped Barrel Roof Very High Install secondary drainage at $720,000 RV1 secondary drainage allow for build‐up of water 1 main gym roof. along the perimeters and increases risk of water entry and structural overloading. Structural analysis of barrel roof Trusses have slender members and long spans with trusses, to determine factor of Roof Barrel Roof Structure minimal bracing and may fail under high wind Very High safety under Code‐mandated $65,000 RV2 (Trusses) 1 loads. wind loads. Design of structural upgrades for trusses. Age and condition of metal roof panels and deck Replace roof system at main gym Roof Metal Roofs at Head‐ makes roof vulnerable to damage and blow‐off High high‐house and natatorium high‐ $450,000 RV3 Houses during high wind leading to water entry, damage, 1 house. and possible ceiling collapse. Exhaust fan hoods have inadequate hasps and hinges securing hood components to each other Construct new curbing & new Roof 10' x10' Exhaust Fan and the hood to the roof curb. The curb is connection to hood units. High $5,000 RV6 Hoods at Barrel Roof deteriorated. These large hoods could be blown off Upgrade hood unit hinges and 1 by high winds causing damage to the roof system, clasps. or to buildings and pedestrians below.

Roof Roof system (Modified Need for proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, Low ‐n/a ‐ ‐ n/a ‐ RV11 Bitumen and Plaza) and replacement program. 1

Large expanse of glass is vulnerable to wind blown Architectural study for upgrading Roof Skylight at Bowman Gray debris from adjacent roofs and buildings during High or replacing glass roof skylight at $50,000 RV4 Natatorium high winds and exposes the building interior to 2 natatorium. water entry and damage.

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Loose and broken slate and deteriorated perimeter flashing and gutters are vulnerable to additional Roof Slate roofs at Women's Replace gutters and flashing, damage from high winds that may cause damage to High $440,000 RV5 Gymnasium repairs to slate roofing. 2 adjacent roofs and buildings, endanger pedestrians, or cause damage and water entry into the building.

Structural analysis of masonry Unreinforced, 71‐year‐old brick masonry wall with Cladg Main gym, south masonry wall to detemine factor of safety unbraced vertical span of 31'. Vulnerable to blow‐ Very high CV1 wall under Code wind level. Design of in from wind pressure during severe windstorm. repairs or upgrades as required. $25,000 2 Structural analysis of masonry Unreinforced, 66‐year‐old brick masonry wall with Cladg Women's gym, east wall to detemine factor of safety unbraced vertical span of 24'. Vulnerable to blow‐ Very high CV2 masonry wall under Code wind level. Design of in from wind pressure during severe windstorm. repairs or upgrades as required.

Large satellite dish has undersized and corroded Roof 12' Dia. Satellite Dish mounts. Failure of the mounts during high winds Low Install new dish mounts. $3,000 RV7 Mounted at Barrel Roof would cause damage to both the roof system and 3 the dish.

Condenser units are set on steel frames mounted to the masonry parapet wall. Units are not secured to Condenser Units at North the steel frame platforms and could come loose Roof Construct proper platforms Parapet at Main Gym and causing damage to the platforms and adjacent roof. Moderate $23,000 RV8 mounted to roof structure. 3 Women's Gym Platforms are corroded and are poorly attached to the distressed masonry wall and may detach during high winds.

Exhaust fan hoods have inadequate securement to Construct new curbs and make Roof 4' Dia. Exhaust Fan Hoods the roof curbs. These hoods could be blown off by Low proper connection to base of fan $1,000 RV9 at Woollen Head House high winds causing damage to the roof system, or 3 units. to buildings and pedestrians below.

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Wall mounts for aerials are either inadequate or Roof Small aerials at the South corroded and could detach during high winds. Low Remove or replace aerials. $3,000 RV10 Parapet at Main gym Damage to the roof system or pedestrians and 3 vehicles below is possible.

Unreinforced, 71‐year‐old brick masonry wall with no bracing. Mortar deteriorated on both sides. Cladg Main gym, south parapet Repair face brick and repoint Vulnerable to push‐over in severe windstorm. Very high CV3 wall above roofline mortar. Install parapet bracing. Failure of parapet could lead to failure of south wall. $22,000 3 Unreinforced, 71‐year‐old brick masonry wall with no bracing. Mortar deteriorated on both sides. Cladg Main gym, north parapet Repair face brick and repoint Vulnerable to push‐over in severe windstorm. High CV4 wall above roofline mortar. Install parapet bracing. Failure of parapet could lead to large hole in barrel roof.

Small standby generator at Carmichael, but none Engineering study for standby Site Standby generator found at Woollen buildings. Suspect no emergency Low emergency power for Woollen $25,000 SV5 3 lighting for Woollen interior and basement areas. buildings.

Large fragile 54‐pane frames with swing‐sashes. Vulnerable to breakage by flying slate from Cladg Main gym, west wall, large Architectural study for replacing Women's Gym, glass panes from pool roof, and roof Moderate CV5 arched windows 5' x 10' window frames and glazing. gravel from Fetzer. Vulnerable to blow‐in from wind pressure during severe windstorm.

Large 9‐pane frames positioned just above grade. $40,000 Cladg Pool, west wall, large Architectural study for replacing 4 Vulnerable to breakage by debris blowing across Low CV6 window frames 8' x 4' window frames and glazing. ground.

Large fragile 48‐pane frames positioned just above Cladg Main gym, south wall, Architectural study for replacing grade. Vulnerable to breakage by debris blowing Low CV7 window frames 20' x 6' window frames and glazing. across parking lot.

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Several windows within range of tree branches. Cladg Main gym Head House, Architectural study for replacing Vulnerable to breakage by tree damage during high Low CV8 north wall, windows window frames and glazing. winds. West wall of main gym includes 12 large, fragile Site Main gym, exits at west windows assemblies, each with 54 panes. Broken Architectural study for replacing High SV1 side glass during severe windstorm will hamper use of window frames and glazing. exits at this wall. Six exits from main gym empty into narrow alley. Exit path is below large windows at main gym's $30,000 4 west wall, and adjacent to glass roof and ridge Site Exit alley between main Architectural study for proving monitor at natatorium. Alley may be strewn with High SV2 gym and natatorium overhead protection for alley. broken glass during a severe windstorm and be impassable, blocking exit and emergency access for main gym.

Trees directly adjacent to rear driveway may Site Trees over rear drive topple during windstorm, blocking vehicle access Low Trim tree branches. $4,000 SV3 5 to main gym and Women's gym at south side of site.

Wood poles supporting light arrays, east of Site Wood light poles at Carmichael auditorium, may topple during wind Inspect soundness of wood utility Low $1,000 SV4 playing field storm, blocking vehicle access to main gym and poles. 5 Women's gym at south side of site.

Total of Projected Mitigation Costs: $1,907,000

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Kenan Labs Building: MITIGATION ACTION

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 3 No secondary drainage system provided. Windstorms commonly come with heavy rains. Roof Roof drainage, all three Design and install secondary roof Clogged or overwhelmed internal drains will lead Very high $60,000 RV1 towers drains. 1 to roof flooding, with water entry at flashings and excessive load on roof structure.

Loose items on roof, including lumber, furniture, Roof Tower C roof steel parts. High winds will tumble debris, Low Remove debris from roof. $1,000 RV2 1 damaging roof membrane and greenhouse.

Proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, and Perform regular roof inspections Roof Roof systems, all three replacement program will make roofs less High and maintenance, and replace ‐ n/a ‐ RV3 towers 1 vulnerable to wind damage. roof on time.

500 sf greenhouse is in poor repair and its frame is poorly mounted to the roof. High winds will blow Dismantle and remove Roof Greenhouse at Tower C out additional panes and may dislodge entire High greenhouse. Repair roof and $9,000 RV6 1 frame. Wreckage will damage roof and parts may flashings at greenhouse footprint. blow off the roof. Lightweight metal and plywood platform, apparently for weather instruments, is mounted to Roof Platform at Tower C parapet wall. High winds will tear platform off Low Remove platform from roof. $1,000 RV8 1 wall, possibly damaging roof or going over the side to fall to the ground below.

Pedestrian escape routes away from Kenan are Install signage along exterior difficult, especially those at the east. These include escape routes. Improve signage exterior elevated walkways with stairs, and require inside of Kenan. At lockable door Site Site escape routes entry into other buildings through exterior doors. High at Caudill ground floor, install $12,000 SV1 1 Evacuation drills and building signage would alarm/ panic entry on Kenan side. improve site evacuation after a windstorm or other Encourage department to hold natural disaster. evacution drills.

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Emergency crews will have difficult vehicle access Coordinate with local responders to Kenan due to limited routes and constricted and encourage preplanning and Site Vehicle access to building access lanes. Site training by responders would High vehicle access and rescue drills, to ‐ n/a ‐ SV2 1 improve emergency access after a windstorm or make responders more familiar other natural disaster. with Kenan's site layout.

Existing mounting hardware has corroded bolts Roof Large exhaust stacks, all and some bolts appear undersized. Bolts could fail High Analyze wind loads on stacks and RV4 three towers in high winds, toppling stacks and damaging the capacity of existing stacks and roof. mounts to resist the Code wind event. Replace corroded bolts. If $65,000 2 Existing stacks and mounts may be under‐designed indicated by analysis, install more Roof Large exhaust stacks, all and incapable of resisting Code‐level winds. robust mounts or add guys at 48 High RV5 three towers Mounts or stack barrels may be overwhelmed and stacks. fail, toppling stacks and damaging the roof.

Large blower unit has corroded and undersized Replace support legs at pitch Roof mounting bolts at support rail. High winds may Blower unit at Tower C Low pockets, replace support rail, $6,000 RV7 dislodge the blower, damaging the unit and the 3 install new isolators. roof.

Remove existing corroded HVAC units have rusty and inadequate attachment Roof mounting brackets and install HVAC units at Tower C hardware and could be dismounted by high winds, Low $2,000 RV9 new, more robust brackets and 3 damaging the units and the roof. fasteners.

At courtyard north of Towers B & C, landscaping Cladg Windows and storefront Install concrete pavers at gravel could be driven by high winds to break glass Low $24,000 CV1 entry doors gravelled area. 3 at ground floor windows and doors.

Total of Projected Mitigation $180,000 Costs:

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Thurston­Bowles Building: MITIGATION ACTION

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 3 Unanchored metal tables could shift and topple in Site Outdoor dining tables at high winds, blocking exit routes along the east side Medium As described for CV2 ‐ n/a ‐ SV1 east plaza of the building. Mitigate by anchoring tables to 1 plaza.

Corroded bolts and low‐quality guy wire and Replace mount brackets, Roof hardware. Exhaust stack could overturn during fasteners, guys, and guy wires Generator exhaust stack Moderate $7,000 RV9 high wind damaging the stack, roof, and connection with larger, industrial quality 1 to the interior. stainless hardware.

Inadequate bolts at base. Crane is corroded and in Remove crane and discard. Install Roof poor condition. Unit and/or crane could blow off additional mounting fasteners Large blower and crane Low $1,000 RV5 during high winds damaging unit, roof, and and hardware to secure blower to 1 penthouse. penthouse roof.

Loose and missing fasteners at inside face of Roof Screen wall coping coping. Coping could blow off allowing water entry Moderate Install additional fasteners. $750 RV4 1 into masonry wall

Damaged counterflashing and fastener spacing at Replace damaged counterflashing Roof Perimeter counter‐ termination bar and counterflashing in excess of 8”. Moderate and add fasteners where spacing $7,500 RV3 flashing Flashings could blow off causing water entry and 1 exceeds 8". damage to roof system.

Raised edge detail is canted inward increasing Roof Raised edge metal vulnerability of detail to wind loads and water Moderate Refasten and seal canted edge. $3,000 RV2 1 entry.

Inadequate mounting frame. Frame could fail Roof Wall‐mounted Sanyo Remount unit on new curb during high wind causing damage to the unit and Low $3,000 RV10 condensing unit support on roof surface. 1 the roof.

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Metal tables with rigid umbrellas are unanchored, Secure metal tables to plaza deck. Cladg Loose tables at plaza, east and high winds could drive the tables into the Low Replace metal umbrellas with $10,000 CV2 side storefront windows and doors at the cafeteria. 1 lighter, foldable fabric umbrellas. Anchoring the tables would mitigate this hazard.

Corroded cabinet and mounting screws. Cabinets Clean and coat corroded steel Roof could overturn or come loose during high winds, Metal electrical cabinets Moderate panels. Install additional $14,000 RV8 damaging the cabinet, roof, and electrical 2 fasteners at base. connections within. Corroded isolators and fasteners at mounts. Units Clean and coat mounting frames. Roof Blower units could become dismounted during high winds, Moderate Replace isolators. Replace all $110,000 RV7 2 damaging the units, roof, and support frames. fasteners with stainless.

Corroded bolts at base. Stacks could overturn in Clean and coat anchor bolts. Roof Exhaust stacks high wind, damaging stack, roof, and connections to High Replace nuts and washers with $45,000 RV6 2 the interior. stainless hardware.

The general age and condition of the roof system Roof Modified bitumen roof Roof is at or near the end of its along with anticipated continuing deterioration High $480,000 RV1 system service life. Replace roof. 2 make it vulnerable to high winds.

Fuel lines near tank are exposed to damage from Site Fuel lines at standby Install shields for fuel lines near flying debris during high winds. Mitigate by re‐ Low $4,000 SV3 generator fuel tank tank. 3 routing or protecting the lines.

Trees above retaining wall, over driveway at west Trees over exit route Site side of building, could topple in high winds and Cut back trees ‐ remove large along west side of Low $2,000 SV2 temporarily block driveway. Mitigate by trimming branches. 3 building or cutting trees. Inspect door for wind rating. Old‐style roll‐up metal door are notorious for Cladg Rolling metal utility door Inspect anchorage of door frame. failing during high winds. Inspect the door and Low $1,000 CV3 at south side Possibly replace with door of 3 determine its wind rating (if any). modern wind rating.

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Nearby buildings have roof systems that include loose stone ballast. During very high winds, ballast University to consider re‐roofing Cladg Windows at south and stone from MBR, NSRC or Tarrson may impact Low policy regarding the use of stone‐ ‐ n/a ‐ CV1 east sides Thurston‐Bowles, breaking windows. Mitigation 3 ballasted roofing systems. depends on long‐term University policy on reroofing options.

MBR Building: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 5 The MBR roof system includes large ballast stone and a very low parapet. During very high winds, Cladg Windows stone could be blown off the roof and impact and Moderate Same as for RV1. ‐ n/a ‐ CV1 1 break windows. Mitigiation depends on overall University roofing strategy.

Ballast in‐place may not be adequate to resist ENGINEERING STUDY prior to required code wind loads with the current replacement of ballast stone: materials, building height, and parapet conditions Make a detailed analysis of wind Roof Ballast at protected (SPRI/ ANSI standard). High winds could cause High uplift forces near edges, corners, $25,000 RV1 membrane 1 scour of ballast, displacement of insulation, or and field. Determine if existing blow‐off of ballast and protective components from stone ballast is adequate, and to the roof system. what windspeed. Areas of main roof show wind scour of ballast, Roof Ballast at protected reducing wind uplift resistance, exposing geotextile Redistribute existing ballast over Moderate $500 RV2 membrane fabric to UV, and allowing displacement of bare areas. 1 protective insulation.

Infill stud walls are not reliably attached to steel Add fasteners between bottom Roof Metal stud walls at framing at penthouse. Stud walls are vulnerable to plate of stud wall and support High $13,000 RV5 penthouse blow‐in during high winds, with resulting curb, and between top plate and 1 equipment and water damage within penthouse. spandrel beam.

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Perform regular roof inspection Roof Protected membrane and Need for proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, High and maintenance, and replace ‐ n/a ‐ RV7 metal roof systems and replacement program. 1 roof on schedule.

Operable decorative metal grille panels provide Install additional and more robust emergency firefighter access at stair landings. mounting bolts between panel Cladg Fire access grilles at north Panels are poorly mounted and have inadequate frame and masonry wall. Install Moderate $34,000 CV2 & south elevations pin latches. High winds could open grille or additional quick‐release pin 2 dislodge its frame, creating hazard for people using latches at exterior for firefighter the stairs. use. Lightning protection cable has detached from metal Roof Lightning protection panels at multiple locations and may affect proper Low Repair broken cable mounts. $2,500 RV4 system performance of the system, or cause damage during 3 high wind events.

Downspouts are minimally secured to the adjacent Roof penthouse walls and could come loose in high wind Install additional downspout Downspouts at penthouse Moderate $1,000 RV3 events causing damage to adjacent roof system and mounts. 4 pedestrians below.

Roof‐top HVAC and blower units bear on roof Install mechanical connections curbs, but have no mechanical attachment to curbs. Roof between isolator feet and curb Roof‐top HVAC units High winds could dismount the units off the curbs, Moderate $30,000 RV6 blocking. Rework curb flashing to 4 with resulting damage to the units and the roof maintain watertightness. surface.

Wood fins and metal parts could be dislodged by Inspect decorative hardware at Site Decorative pergola at high winds, producing wind‐blown debris at main top of pergola. Improve Low $4,700 SV1 MBR main entry exit area. The pergola and its parts should be connections as required to make 5 inspected for proper connections and sound parts. parts secure.

Fuel lines, conduits, and utility equipment at fuel Fuel lines and conduits at Install protective guards around Site tank are exposed to damage from wind‐blown fuel tank for standby Low fuel lines, conduits, and electrical $8,000 SV2 debris. Re‐routing or protective guards would 5 generator boxes at and near fuel tank mitigate these hazards.

Total of Projected Mitigation Costs: $118,700

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Carmichael Residence Hall: MITIGATION ACTIONS

Item Damage Recommended Probable Priority no. Component Vulnerability Potential Mitigation Action Cost 1 to 5 Skylights are vulnerable to breakage by wind‐driven Cladg Skylights at roof‐top roof gravel, creating a large opening for water entry Moderate CV1 clerestories into building. Mitigation for Building Glass Hazards 1. Next Window walls at stairs are vulnerable to wind‐driven Reroof: Non‐gravel system $0. Cladg Full‐height window roof gravel and tree parts, and to falling trees. Broken 2. Remove (16) trees closest to Moderate CV2 walls at stairways glass walls will hamper egress down stairs and cause building, plus aggressive interior water damage. trimming at (10) others. $63,000. $88,000 1 3. Architectural Study: Replace building glass with impact‐ Large expanse of glass is within fall shadows of tall resistant glass. Study cost oaks. During high winds, the window wall is likely to Cladg Window wall at front of $25,000. Construction cost not be broken by wind‐driven tree parts or falling trees. Moderate CV3 building estimated at this time. Will hamper building egress and cause interior water damage.

Exhaust pipe makes a horizontal run from building, Site Re‐route exhaust pipe or Generator exhaust pipe supported by a single stanchion. Pipe is exposed to Moderate $18,000 SV3 construct protective guard. 1 damage from falling tress and wind‐driven debris.

Perform regular roof inspection Roof Need for proactive inspection, maintenance, repair, and Roof membrane High and maintenance, and replace ‐ n/a ‐ RV7 replacement program. 1 roof on time.

Mitigation for Escape/ Access Rear building exits lead to difficult escape route. Rear Obstacles site is narrow, with steep grade and many trees. Site Landscape Architectural Study/ Site exiting, north side Fences limit escape options. Entire area likely to be High $65,000 SV1 Design/ Costing: Design exit 2 impassable after a severe wind storm, making the four routing for north side of site, and rear exits at building ineffective. rework stairs and ramp at south

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side for better emergency routing Front exit/access routes are an exterior stair and a for pedestrians and vehicles. narrow ramp. No vehicle access for emergency and Study/ Design cost $65,000. Site Site exiting, south side repair equipment. Both will likely be blocked by fallen High Construction cost not estimated at SV2 trees after a severe windstorm, hampering pedestrian this time. escape routes.

Estimate 10% of coping sections have excessive spacing of fasteners and some missing fasteners. High Check all coping for proper Roof Metal coping along edge winds can tear off loose coping sections, exposing wall Moderate attachment. Install new fasteners $4,700 RV4 of main roof level 3 assemblies to water entry and damage. Detached where missing or broken. coping can damage other building parts. Top hat of pipe vent can detach in high winds, Roof Replace top hat at small pipe Small pipe vents damaging vent. Loose piece can damage other building Low $1,200 RV1 vents. 3 parts. Inadequate mount to penthouse. Aerial can detach in Aerial is reportedly no longer Roof Aerial high wind, damaging aerial and its wiring, roof, or Low needed. Remove aerial and $1,200 RV3 3 other building parts. mounting hardware.

Isolated fascia/edge metal sections are loose. High Check all fascia and edge metal for Roof Metal fascia along edge winds can tear off loose flashing, precipitate a failure of coping for proper attachment. Moderate $1,700 RV5 of penthouse roofs the adjacent roof system, and expose roof and wall Install new fasteners where 4 assemblies to water entry and damage. missing or broken.

Face width of single‐piece metal fascia exceeds 8" making it vulnerable to wind damage. Fascia sections Roof Metal fascia along edge Cut metal fascia to 8" width or that tear off in high winds can precipitate a failure in Moderate $2,100 RV6 of penthouse roofs less. 5 the adjacent roof system, and expose roof and wall assemblies to water entry and damage.

Inadequate mount to roof. Condenser unit can topple Roof Small HVAC condenser Upgrade attachment hardware over in high winds, damaging unit, mechanical lines, Low $1,500 RV2 unit between unit and roof curb. 5 and roof.

Total of Projected Mitigation Costs: $183,400

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