DOCSLIB.ORG

Arthrobacter Roseus Sp. Nov., a Psychrophilic Bacterium Isolated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arthrobacter Roseus Sp. Nov., a Psychrophilic Bacterium Isolated International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52, 1017–1021 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02131-0 Arthrobacter roseus sp. nov., a psychrophilic NOTE bacterium isolated from an Antarctic cyanobacterial mat sample 1 Centre for Cellular and G. S. N. Reddy,1 J. S. S. Prakash,1 G. I. Matsumoto,2 E. Stackebrandt3 Molecular Biology, Uppal 1 Road, Hyderabad 500007, and S. Shivaji India 2 Department of Author for correspondence: S. Shivaji. Tel: j91 40 7172241. Fax: j91 40 7171195. Environmental and e-mail: shivas!ccmb.ap.nic.in Information Science, Otsuma Women’s University, Tamashi, T Tokyo 206, Japan Strain CMS 90r , a red-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from a 3 cyanobacterial mat sample from a pond located in McMurdo, Antarctica. Based Deutsche Sammlung von T Mikroorganismen und on its chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain CMS 90r was Zellkulturen GmbH, 38124 identified as a member of group I of Arthrobacter. It shared 16S rDNA Braunschweig, Germany similarity of 98% with Arthrobacter oxydans ATCC 14358T and Arthrobacter polychromogenes ATCC 15216T, while DNA–DNA similarities determined for these three organisms were less than 70%. It also differed from all 17 reported Arthrobacter species with A3α-variant peptidoglycan in that it possessed a unique peptidoglycan (Lys–Gly–Ala3) and contained galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose as cell-wall sugars. These data and the presence of diagnostic phenotypic traits support the description of CMS 90rT as a novel species of Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain CMS 90rT (l MTCC 3712T l DSM 14508T). Keywords: Arthrobacter, psychrophile, Antarctica, cyanobacterial mat Prokaryotes are the predominant biomass in Antarc- 160m 45h E) located in the Wright valley, McMurdo, tica (Wynn-Williams, 1996; Franzmann, 1996) and Antarctica (Matsumoto, 1993; Matsumoto et al., they influence the food chain and the biogeochemical 1993). The mat sample was found to contain an cycles (Friedmann et al., 1993; Matsumoto et al., Aphanothece sp. and coccoid green algae in low 1989). Among the prokaryotes, cyanobacteria belong- densities (Matsumoto et al., 1993). About 200 mg of ing to the genera Phormidium, Anabaena, Calothrix, the sample was suspended in 1 ml sterile saline Nostoc, Lyngbya and Synechococcus are the most (150 mM NaCl) and an aliquot of the suspension abundant and they form mats in the polar lakes (100 µl) was plated on Antarctic bacterial medium (Parker & Wharton, 1985; Vincent et al., 1993). These (ABM) plates containing 0n5% (w\v) peptone, 0n2% mats contain a large biomass of bacteria that contri- (w\v) yeast extract and 1n5% (w\v) agar (pH 6n9) and butes to the mineral and nutrient cycling in the lakes. incubated at 5 mC (Shivaji et al., 1988, 1989, 1992; However, these mat-associated, heterotrophic bacteria Reddy et al., 2000). The appearance of colonies was have rarely been identified. In an attempt to establish monitored on a regular basis and pure cultures of the the microbial biodiversity of the cyanobacterial mat bacteria were established. Following incubation for 15 communities of the Antarctic lakes, a red-pigmented days, colonies appeared that were predominantly white bacterium (CMS 90rT), isolated from a cyanobacterial in colour, with the exception of CMS 90rT, which was mat sample, was studied in detail with respect to its red-pigmented (indicated by the suffix ‘r’). phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic relation- ships. Phylogenetic analysis Source and isolation Amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA T gene were done as published previously (Reddy et al., Strain CMS 90r was isolated from a cyanobacterial 2000; Shivaji et al., 2000). The almost complete mat sample collected from pond L4 (77m 32h 18d S, sequence of strain CMS 90rT (1470 nucleotides) was ................................................................................................................................................. aligned with those deposited in EMBL using The EMBL accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of strain CMS 90rT (Higgins et al., 1992). Following an initial crude is AJ278870. taxonomic affiliation, a more-detailed analysis was 02131 # 2002 IUMS Printed in Great Britain 1017 G. S. N. Reddy and others A. roseus CMS 90rT (AJ278870) the membrane-filter method (Shivaji et al., 1992; T 100 A. polychromogenes DSM 20136 (X80741) Reddy et al., 2000). The results indicated that CMS T T A. oxydans DSM 20119 (X83408) 90r shared 69n8 and 65n46% DNA similarity, re- A. chlorophenolicus strain unknown (AF102267) 52 spectively, with the type strains of A. oxydans and A. A. citreus DSM 20133T (X80737) polychromogenes. 97 A. flavus MTCC 3476T (AJ242532) A. agilis DSM 20550T (X80748) A. histidinolovorans DSM 20115T (X83406) 93 T Chemotaxonomic properties 59 A. nicotinovorans DSM 420 (X80743) T A. ureafaciens DSM 20126 (X80744) T Peptidoglycan was prepared according to Rosenthal & 53 A. aurescens DSM 20116 (X83405) T Dziarski (1994) and hydrolysed with 4 M HCl at A. ilicis DSM 20138 (X83407) T 120 C for 60 min and the composition of the main A. crystallopoietes DSM 20117 (X80738) m T chain was determined according to the method of A. globiformis DSM 20124 (X80736) T 98 A. ramosus DSM 20546 (X80742) Schleifer & Kandler (1972). T A. pascens DSM 20545 (X80740) T Cellular fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from A. woluwensis CUL 1808 (X93353) 50 T lyophilized bacterial cell pellets (Sato & Murata, 1988) A. protophormiae DSM 20168 (X80745) 99 T and separated by GC on a DB-23 capillary column 52 A. nicotianae DSM 20123 (X80739) 52 A. uratoxydans DSM 20647T (X83410) (30 mi0n25 mm) purchased from J & W Scientific. 100 A. sulfureus DSM 20167T (X83409) The fatty acids were identified by comparison with A. rhombi CCUG 38813T (Y15884) fatty acid standards run under similar GC conditions 100 A. psychrolactophilus ATCC 700733T (AF134182) and also by mass spectrometry (Shivaji et al., 1992; 100 75 A. creatinolyticus GIFU 12498T (D88211) Reddy et al., 2000). The carrier gas used for GC was N# −" A. cumminsii DMMZ 445T (X93354) (1 ml min ). The initial run temperature was main- A. atrocyaneus DSM 20127T (X80746) tained at 175 mC for 8 min and then raised to 200 mCat T −" Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 (AB017538) a rate of 4 mCmin and held at 200 mC for 5 min. The A. siderocapsulatus NCIMB 11286T (AJ007910) injector port and FID detector temperatures were E. coli ATCC 11775T (X80725) respectively 200 and 240 mC. ................................................................................................................................................. Menaquinones were extracted as described by Collins Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationship between A. roseus sp. nov. (CMS 90rT) and 26 reported species of Arthrobacter based on et al. (1977) and were separated by TLC using 16S rDNA sequence analysis using DNAPARS. Bootstrap values petroleum ether and diethyl ether (85:15, v\v) above 50% are given at the nodes. The branch lengths (Dunphy et al., 1971). The individual menaquinones indicated in the tree are not to scale. were also identified by mass spectrometry (Reddy et al., 2000). The method of Minnikin et al. (1975) was used for the extraction of polar lipids, using lyophilized cell pellets washed free of medium; polar lipids were done with members of Kocuria, Arthrobacter and resolved by thin-layer chromatography using chloro- related genera. Pairwise evolutionary distances were form\methanol\water (65:25:4, by vol.). computed using the program with Kimura’s two-parameter model (Kimura, 1980). To obtain Cell-wall sugars were prepared and analysed according confidence values for the rDNA sequence-based gen- to the method described by Komagata & Suzuki etic affiliations, the original sequence dataset was (1987). resampled 1000 times using and subjected to bootstrap analysis. Phylogenetic trees were obtained Pigments were extracted from lyophilized bacterial cell using parsimony analysis () and various dis- pellets with chloroform\methanol (1:2, v\v), centri- tance-matrix-based clustering algorithms such as fuged at 10000 g and the clear, pigmented supernatant , and as compiled in was flushed under a stream of N#. The dry pigment (Felsenstein, 1993). The different algorithms gave thus obtained was dissolved in a minimal volume of consistent results. chloroform\methanol (2:1, v\v) and separated by T TLC using chloroform\methanol\water (65:25:4) in Strain CMS 90r fell into the radiation of Arthrobacter the dark. The individual pigments were then scraped species (94n7–98% similarity), showing the highest from the plates, dissolved in methanol and their values to the sequences of the type strains of Arthro- absorption spectra were recorded in a Hitachi bacter oxydans and Arthrobacter polychromogenes. 2000 spectrophotometer (Chauhan & Shivaji, 1994; The topology of the consensus phylogenetic tree (Fig. Shivaji et al., 1992; Jagannadham et al., 1991). 1) displays the phylogenetic position of the two strains next to their closest phylogenetic neighbours. The The GjC content of the DNA was determined as statistical significance of these new lineages is high. described previously (Shivaji et al., 1992). In order to determine the overall genomic relatedness The phylogenetic affiliation of CMS 90rT to Arthro- between the two isolates and their phylogenetic neigh- bacter was supported by its chemotaxonomic proper- bours, DNA–DNA hybridization was performed by ties (Table 1). 1018 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomy and Systematics of Plant Probiotic Bacteria in the Genomic Era
    AIMS Microbiology, 3(3): 383-412. DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.383 Received: 03 March 2017 Accepted: 22 May 2017 Published: 31 May 2017 http://www.aimspress.com/journal/microbiology Review Taxonomy and systematics of plant probiotic bacteria in the genomic era Lorena Carro * and Imen Nouioui School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK * Correspondence: Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Recent decades have predicted significant changes within our concept of plant endophytes, from only a small number specific microorganisms being able to colonize plant tissues, to whole communities that live and interact with their hosts and each other. Many of these microorganisms are responsible for health status of the plant, and have become known in recent years as plant probiotics. Contrary to human probiotics, they belong to many different phyla and have usually had each genus analysed independently, which has resulted in lack of a complete taxonomic analysis as a group. This review scrutinizes the plant probiotic concept, and the taxonomic status of plant probiotic bacteria, based on both traditional and more recent approaches. Phylogenomic studies and genes with implications in plant-beneficial effects are discussed. This report covers some representative probiotic bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but also includes minor representatives and less studied groups within these phyla which have been identified as plant probiotics. Keywords: phylogeny; plant; probiotic; PGPR; IAA; ACC; genome; metagenomics Abbreviations: ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate ANI average nucleotide identity FAO Food and Agriculture Organization DDH DNA-DNA hybridization IAA indol acetic acid JA jasmonic acid OTUs Operational taxonomic units NGS next generation sequencing PGP plant growth promoters WHO World Health Organization PGPR plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria 384 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Micrococcus Luteus), a Pyridine-Degrading Bacterium
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudarthrobacter sp. Strain ATCC 49442 (Formerly Micrococcus luteus), a Pyridine-Degrading Bacterium. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sw2j66q Journal Microbiology resource announcements, 9(38) ISSN 2576-098X Authors Gupta, Nidhi Skinner, Kelly A Summers, Zarath M et al. Publication Date 2020-09-17 DOI 10.1128/mra.00299-20 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California GENOME SEQUENCES crossm Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudarthrobacter sp. Strain ATCC 49442 (Formerly Micrococcus luteus), a Pyridine-Degrading Bacterium Nidhi Gupta,a,b Kelly A. Skinner,a Zarath M. Summers,c Janaka N. Edirisinghe,a,b Pamela B. Weisenhorn,a José P. Faria,a,b Christopher W. Marshall,a* Anukriti Sharma,b* Neil R. Gottel,b* Jack A. Gilbert,a,b* Christopher S. Henry,a,b Edward J. O’Loughlina aArgonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA bUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA cExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey, USA ABSTRACT We present here the draft genome sequence of a pyridine-degrading bacterium, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 49442, which was reclassified as Pseudarthrobac- ter sp. strain ATCC 49442 based on its draft genome sequence. Its genome length is 4.98 Mbp, with 64.81% GC content. icrococcus luteus ATCC 49442 was isolated from a Chalmers silt loam soil, which Mhad not previously been exposed to pyridine, by enrichment using pyridine as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source (1), with growth on pyridine leading to overpro- duction of riboflavin (2). To obtain material for sequencing, ATCC 49442 was cultured in tryptic soy broth at 30°C for 16 h, after which DNA was isolated using a DNeasy PowerSoil kit (Qiagen, catalog number 12888-50) following the manufacturer’s proto- col.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter Sp
    Complete genome sequence of Arthrobacter sp. PAMC25564 and comparative genome analysis for elucidating the role of CAZymes in cold adaptation So-Ra Han Sun Moon University Byeollee Kim Sun Moon University Jong Hwa Jang Dankook University Hyun Park Korea University Tae-Jin Oh ( [email protected] ) Sun Moon University Research Article Keywords: Arthrobacter species, CAZyme, cold-adapted bacteria, genetic patterns, glycogen metabolism, trehalose pathway Posted Date: December 16th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-118769/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/17 Abstract Background: The Arthrobacter group is a known isolate from cold areas, the species of which are highly likely to play diverse roles in low temperatures. However, their role and survival mechanisms in cold regions such as Antarctica are not yet fully understood. In this study, we compared the genomes of sixteen strains within the Arthrobacter group, including strain PAMC25564, to identify genomic features that adapt and survive life in the cold environment. Results: The genome of Arthrobacter sp. PAMC25564 comprised 4,170,970 bp with 66.74 % GC content, a predicted genomic island, and 3,829 genes. This study provides an insight into the redundancy of CAZymes for potential cold adaptation and suggests that the isolate has glycogen, trehalose, and maltodextrin pathways associated to CAZyme genes. This strain can utilize polysaccharide or carbohydrate degradation as a source of energy. Moreover, this study provides a foundation on which to understand how the Arthrobacter strain produces energy in an extreme environment, and the genetic pattern analysis of CAZymes in cold-adapted bacteria can help to determine how bacteria adapt and survive in such environments.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018-02-20-A.Globiforum FSAR-EN
    Final Screening Assessment for Arthrobacter globiformis strain ATCC 8010 Environment and Climate Change Canada Health Canada February 2018 Cat. No.: En14-312/2018E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-24723-6 Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: • Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the author. For more information, please contact Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Inquiry Centre at 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) or 819-997-2800 or email to [email protected]. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change, 2016. Aussi disponible en français ii Synopsis Pursuant to paragraph 74(b) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have conducted a screening assessment of Arthrobacter globiformis (A. globiformis) strain ATCC 8010. A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 is a soil bacterium that has characteristics in common with other strains of the species.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Impacts on Bacterial Composition and Abundance in Rhizosphere Compartments Between Al-Tolerant and Al-Sensitive Soybean Genotypes in Acidic Soil
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020. 30(8): 1169–1179 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03018 Differential Impacts on Bacterial Composition and Abundance in Rhizosphere Compartments between Al-Tolerant and Al-Sensitive Soybean Genotypes in Acidic Soil Zhong-Ling Wen1†, Min-Kai Yang1†, Aliya Fazal1†, Yong-Hui Liao1, Lin-Run Cheng2, Xiao-Mei Hua3, Dong-Qing Hu1, Ji-Sen Shi 4, Rong-Wu Yang1, Gui-Hua Lu1,4, Jin-Liang Qi1,4*, Zhi Hong1*, Qiu-Ping Qian2*, and Yong-Hua Yang1,4* 1Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China 2Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, P.R. China 3Research Center for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China 4Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminum- sensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 Received: March 11, 2020 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity Accepted: May 15, 2020 analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Aerobic Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota on Surfaces of Historic Scottish Monuments
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30 (2007) 494–508 www.elsevier.de/syapm Characterization of aerobic bacterial and fungal microbiota on surfaces of historic Scottish monuments$ Maija-Liisa Suihkoa,Ã, Hanna-Leena Alakomia, Anna Gorbushinab, Irene Fortunec, Ju¨rgen Marquardtb, Maria Saarelaa aVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland bInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) Geomicrobiology, Material Ecology, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany cHistoric Scotland, 7 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, Scotland, UK Received 22 November 2006 Abstract Twenty samples were taken from the inner or outer surfaces of stone monuments of six historic Scottish buildings and ruins. Biofilms developing on mineral substrates were analysed by in situ scanning electron microscopy and cultivation. Various methods were used to characterize the isolates including automated ribotyping, RAPD and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria, and stereomicroscopy and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) for fungi. Most samples contained microbes between 105 and 107 cfu gÀ1 substrate. Actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces (17 samples/5 monuments) or Arthrobacter (12/3) and Pseudomonas (9/3) were frequently detected. Most streptomycetes were in terms of their 16S rRNA gene sequence most closely related to S. microflavus (10/3) or to the undescribed species S. ‘‘vulgaris’’ (8/3). Indoor and outdoor biofilms exhibited significant differences in their microbiota, as shown by both microscopy and isolation studies. Pigmented coccoid Arthrobacter species were typical for the outdoor samples, whereas Pseudomonas species were common in the indoor samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodeterioration of Wall Painting at the UNESCO Site of Varallo: Pink Patina
    IMEKO International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Lecce, Italy, October 23-25, 2017 Biodeterioration of wall painting at the UNESCO site of Varallo: pink patina. Cristina Corti-Fragoso 1, Marta Cicardi 2, Ornella Salvadori 3 e Francesca Piqué 2 1 SUPSI_DACD, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Via Mirasole22A, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland [email protected] 2 SUPSI_DACD, Institute of Materials and Constructions, Via Trevano, 6952 Canobbio, Switzerland marta.cicardi [email protected] ; [email protected] 3Polo Museale Veneziano, San Marco 63, 30124 Venezia, Italy [email protected] Abstract – Chapel 11 at the Sacro Monte di Varallo, a Heritage site located in Val Sesia in the North of Italy. It UNESCO World Heritage site, is decorated with wall includes 45 chapels representing episodes of the life of paintings and life-size statues. The wall paintings date Christ (De Filippis 2006). Since 2015 the University of from 1591 but were heavily repainted at the end of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland 19th century and again in 1955. Visual examination of (SUPSI) is working on a project to conserve one of the the surface revealed the signs of possible largest chapel representing the ‘Massacre of the microbiological growth (MBG). In situ investigations Innocents’ (Fig. 1). This chapel (Chapel 11), completed in with portable microscopy (using visible and 1591, is decorated with wall paintings covering an area of ultraviolet radiations) and with Adenosine approximately 300 m 2 and contains 71 realistic life-size Triphosphates (ATP) measurements were carried out polychrome terracotta sculptures. The walls and the vault to determine the presence of MBG and the level of were painted by the Della Rovere brothers, also known as their activities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Polar Region Have Enduring Importance in the in the Evolution , Metaphorphic and Subtle Changes of Earth
    Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 37(4), December 2008, pp. 358-370 International Polar Year and CSIR contribution to Antarctica research J Sundaresan* Polar regions have consistent task in molding the global environment. International scientific collaboration is inevitable for initiating research projects in Arctic and Antarctic for understanding several natural processes. Earlier explorers and scientist had conceived the idea of International Polar Year (IPY) for collective scientific ventures to explore the impact of polar region in sprouting the earth’s environment. IPY is the biggest international collaborative scientific venture. IPY has the legacy of many pathbreking findings in science especially on earth and atmospheric sciences. The first Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica was during 1981. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research had specific prime assignments in developing Polar Research in India. NIO, a constituent establishment of CSIR was assigned a significant function in the first Indian Scientific expedition to Antarctica. Scientists working in CSIR laboratories have published more than 120 research papers in SCI journals on the biodiversity of flora and fauna of Antarctica, geology and geophysical aspects, atmospheric sciences and chemical characteristics of marine algae of Antarctica. CCMB one of the constituent establishment of CSIR owns 12.5% of the new species identified by global scientific community in Antarctica. NBRI, another constituent establishment of CSIR owns 12 new species of lichen from McLeod Island, Antarctica. National Physical Laboratory has been planning to setup a fully operational multi-instrument ionospheric real time monitoring facility both at Arctic and Antarctica and planned to run the facility for minimum 11 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremophilic Microbes: Diversity and Perspectives
    SPECIAL SECTION: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives T. Satyanarayana1,*, Chandralata Raghukumar2 and S. Shivaji3 1Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, India 2Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India 3Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India Life in extreme environments has been studied inten- A variety of microbes inhabit extreme environments. Extreme is a relative term, which is viewed compared sively focusing attention on the diversity of organisms to what is normal for human beings. Extreme envi- and molecular and regulatory mechanisms involved. The ronments include high temperature, pH, pressure, salt products obtainable from extremophiles such as proteins, concentration, and low temperature, pH, nutrient enzymes (extremozymes) and compatible solutes are of concentration and water availability, and also condi- great interest to biotechnology. This field of research has tions having high levels of radiation, harmful heavy also attracted attention because of its impact on the pos- metals and toxic compounds (organic solvents). Cul- sible existence of life on other planets. ture-dependent and culture-independent (molecular) The progress achieved in research on extremophiles/ methods have been employed for understanding the thermophiles is discussed in international conferences diversity of microbes in these environments. Extensive held every alternate year in different countries. The last global research efforts have revealed the novel diver- conference on extremophiles was held in USA in 2004, sity of extremophilic microbes. These organisms have evolved several structural and chemical adaptations, and that on thermophiles in England in 2003, and the forth- which allow them to survive and grow in extreme en- coming one is due in Australia in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Genome Analysis of Glutamicibacter Creatinolyticus From
    Gene 741 (2020) 144566 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gene journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gene Research paper Complete genome analysis of Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus from mare T abscess and comparative genomics provide insight of diversity and adaptation for Glutamicibacter ⁎ Roselane Gonçalves Santosa, , Raquel Hurtadoa, Lucas Gabriel Rodrigues Gomesa, Rodrigo Profetaa, Claudia Rificie, Anna Rita Attilif, Sharon J. Spierg, Mazzullo Giuseppee, Francielly Morais-Rodriguesa, Anne Cybelle Pinto Gomidea, Bertram Brenigh, Alfonso Gala-Garcíaa,d, Vincenzo Cuterif, Thiago Luiz de Paula Castroa,c, Preetam Ghoshi, Núbia Seyffertb,1, Vasco Azevedoa,1 a Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil b Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil c Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil d Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, PA, Brazil e Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina (Italy), Polo Universitario, dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy f School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino (Italy), Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy g Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA h Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, Göttingen, Germany i Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Bacteria of the genus Glutamicibacter are considered ubiquitous because they can be found in soil, water and air. Mare They have already been isolated from different habitats, including different types of soil, clinical samples, cheese Pathogenicity and plants. Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium important to various biotechnological pro- Resistance cesses, however, as a pathogen it is associated to urinary tract infections and bacteremia.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 August 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007 Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria Imen Nouioui 1†, Lorena Carro 1†, Marina García-López 2†, Jan P. Meier-Kolthoff 2, Tanja Woyke 3, Nikos C. Kyrpides 3, Rüdiger Pukall 2, Hans-Peter Klenk 1, Michael Goodfellow 1 and Markus Göker 2* 1 School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Department Edited by: of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Martin G. Klotz, Germany, 3 Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States Washington State University Tri-Cities, United States The application of phylogenetic taxonomic procedures led to improvements in the Reviewed by: Nicola Segata, classification of bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria but even so there remains University of Trento, Italy a need to further clarify relationships within a taxon that encompasses organisms of Antonio Ventosa, agricultural, biotechnological, clinical, and ecological importance. Classification of the Universidad de Sevilla, Spain David Moreira, morphologically diverse bacteria belonging to this large phylum based on a limited Centre National de la Recherche number of features has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions Scientifique (CNRS), France rested heavily on interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Here, draft *Correspondence: Markus Göker genome sequences
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs and Desert Soil of Pakistan and Identification of Some Novel Species of Bacteria
    Diversity of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs and Desert Soil of Pakistan and Identification of Some Novel Species of Bacteria By By ARSHIA AMIN BUTT Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 2017 Diversity of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs and Desert Soil of Pakistan and Identification of Some Novel Species of Bacteria By ARSHIA AMIN BUTT Thesis Submitted to Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Microbiology Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 2017 ii IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST COMPASSIONATE, THE MOST MERCIFUL, “And in the earth are tracts and (Diverse though) neighboring, gardens of vines and fields sown with corn and palm trees growing out of single roots or otherwise: Watered with the same water. Yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. No doubt, in that are signs for wise people.” (Sura Al Ra’d, Ayat 4) iii Author’s Declaration I Arshia Amin Butt hereby state that my PhD thesis titled A “Diversity of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs and Deserts Soil of Pakistan and Identification of Some Novel Species of Bacteria” is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from this University (Name of University) Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad. Or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduate the university has the right to withdraw my PhD degree.
    [Show full text]