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2018-02-20-A.Globiforum FSAR-EN Final Screening Assessment for Arthrobacter globiformis strain ATCC 8010 Environment and Climate Change Canada Health Canada February 2018 Cat. No.: En14-312/2018E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-24723-6 Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: • Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the author. For more information, please contact Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Inquiry Centre at 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) or 819-997-2800 or email to [email protected]. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change, 2016. Aussi disponible en français ii Synopsis Pursuant to paragraph 74(b) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have conducted a screening assessment of Arthrobacter globiformis (A. globiformis) strain ATCC 8010. A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 is a soil bacterium that has characteristics in common with other strains of the species. A. globiformis is nutritionally versatile and reported to be ubiquitous in freshwater, saltwater and soils. The characteristics of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 make it suitable for use in food production, biocontrol, probiotic use in humans and animals, biodegradation and water and wastewater treatment. There are no reported adverse effects in terrestrial or aquatic plants, invertebrates or vertebrates, or infections in humans associated with this specific Domestic Substances List strain, or other strains of A. globiformis. This assessment considers the aforementioned characteristics of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 with respect to environmental and human health effects associated with consumer and commercial product use and in industrial processes subject to CEPA, including releases to the environment through waste streams and incidental human exposure through environmental media. To update information about current uses of this micro-organism, the Government of Canada launched a mandatory information-gathering survey under section 71 of CEPA, as published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on October 3, 2009 (section 71 notice). Information submitted in response to this section 71 notice indicates that A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 was not imported into or manufactured in Canada in 2008. Based on the information available, it is concluded that A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 does not meet the criteria under paragraph 64(a) or (b) of CEPA as it is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity or that constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends. It is also concluded that A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 does not meet the criteria under paragraph 64(c) of CEPA as it is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. iii Table of contents Synopsis ............................................................................................................. iii Introduction ....................................................................................................... vii Decisions from domestic and international jurisdictions ........................... viii Domestic .................................................................................................. viii International ............................................................................................. viii 1. Hazard assessment .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Characterization of Arthrobacter globiformis ........................................ 1 1.1.1 Taxonomic identification and strain history ...................................... 1 1.1.1.1 Identification................................................................................ 1 1.1.1.2 Phenotypic and molecular characteristics ................................... 2 1.1.2 Biological and ecological properties .................................................. 5 1.1.2.1 Natural occurrence ..................................................................... 5 1.1.2.2 Growth and metabolism .............................................................. 5 1.1.2.3 Survival, persistence and dispersal in the environment .............. 6 1.1.2.4 Horizontal gene transfer ............................................................. 7 1.1.2.5 Resistance to antibiotics, metals and chemical agents ............... 7 1.1.2.6 Pathogenic and toxigenic characteristics .................................. 10 1.1.3 Effects ............................................................................................. 11 1.1.3.1 Environment.............................................................................. 11 1.1.3.2 Human health ........................................................................... 11 1.2 Hazard severity .................................................................................. 12 2. Exposure assessment ........................................................................ 12 2.1 Sources of exposure .......................................................................... 12 2.2 Exposure characterization ................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Environment .................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Human ............................................................................................. 15 3. Risk characterisation ......................................................................... 16 4. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 16 References......................................................................................................... 17 Appendices........................................................................................................ 23 Appendix A: Characteristics of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 ............. 23 Appendix B: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 ......................................................................................................... 24 Appendix C: Characterization of potential virulence factors and pathogenicity of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 .......................................................... 26 iv List of tables Table 1-1 Comparative features of A. globiformis with other species in the A. globiformis group/ Arthrobacter sensu stricto rRNA cluster 1 ............................................................. 4 Table 1-2: Antimicrobial susceptibility of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 determined using microdilution method .............................................................................................. 8 Table A-1: Growth of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 in liquid media at various temperatures measured by absorbance at 500 nm (OD 500) ........................................ 23 Table A-2: Growth characteristics of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 on tryptic soy broth (TSB) agar media at various temperatures ........................................................... 23 Table B-1: Antimicrobial susceptibility of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 using Remel Synergy Quad Plates in BHI agar medium ................................................................... 24 Table B-2: Antimicrobial susceptibility of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 determined using antibiotic strips and Sensititre Gram-positive plate format .................................... 24 Table C-1: Growth characteristics of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 on selective solid media to determine potential virulence properties in vitro .............................................. 26 v List of figures Figure 1-1: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree generated using rRNA sequences of A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 and other Arthrobacter species of veterinary and clinical relevance. ............................................................................................................ 5 Figure A-1: In vitro cytotoxicity testing using bioreduction activity (viability) of mouse macrophage cells (J774A.1) and human colon epithelial cells (HT29) upon exposure to the DSL strain A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 and the positive control, lipopolysacharides (LPS), for 4 hours and 24 hours, with or without gentamycin (With Gent; No Gent) treatment. ............................................................................................. 26 Figure A-2: Pro-inflammatory response of mouse macrophage cells (J774A.1) upon exposure to A. globiformis strain ATCC 8010 by measuring the cytokines, in comparison with the positive control, lipopolysacharides (LPS), for 4 hours
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