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Untersuchungen Zu Parasitären Und Bakteriellen Infektionserregern Bei Galliformes Und Anseriformes Aus Nicht-Gewerblichen Haltungen

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Untersuchungen Zu Parasitären Und Bakteriellen Infektionserregern Bei Galliformes Und Anseriformes Aus Nicht-Gewerblichen Haltungen Untersuchungen zu parasitären und bakteriellen Infektionserregern bei Galliformes und Anseriformes aus nicht-gewerblichen Haltungen von Caroline Heitz Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Untersuchungen zu parasitären und bakteriellen Infektionserregern bei Galliformes und Anseriformes aus nicht-gewerblichen Haltungen von Caroline Heitz aus Luxemburg München, 2018 Aus dem Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Lehrstuhl für Aviäre Medizin und Chirurgie Arbeit angefertigt unter der Leitung von Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rüdiger T. Korbel Mitbetreuung durch: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Monika Rinder Dr. Susanne Thiel Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Reinhard K. Straubinger, Ph. D. Berichterstatter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rüdiger T. Korbel Korreferent: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Elke Rauch Tag der Promotion: 27. Juli 2018 Für meine Großeltern Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Abkürzungsverzeichnis I. EINLEITUNG .................................................................................. 1 II. LITERATURÜBERSICHT ................................................................. 2 2.1 Parasiten ............................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Protozoen ................................................................................................................. 2 2.1.2 Nematoden ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2.1 Heterakis spp. ................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2.2 Ascaridia spp. ................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2.3 Capillaria spp. ................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2.4 Syngamus trachea, Cyathostoma bronchialis .................................................. 6 2.1.2.5 Amidostomum anseris ...................................................................................... 8 2.1.2.6 Spirurida ........................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Zestoden ................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Bakterien ............................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 Grampositive Bakterien der Ordnung Lactobacillales ............................................ 12 2.2.1.1 Familie Lactobacillaceae ................................................................................. 12 2.2.1.1.1 Lactobacillus spp. ..................................................................................... 12 2.2.1.2 Familie Streptococcaceae .............................................................................. 12 2.2.1.2.1 Streptococcus spp. .................................................................................... 12 2.2.1.2.2 Lactococcus spp. ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.1.3 Familie Enterococcaceae ................................................................................ 14 2.2.1.3.1 Enterococcus spp. ..................................................................................... 14 2.2.1.3.2 Vagococcus fluvialis .................................................................................. 15 2.2.1.4 Familie Aerococcaceae ................................................................................... 15 2.2.1.4.1 Aerococcus spp. ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1.5 Familie Leuconostaceae ................................................................................. 15 2.2.1.5.1 Leuconostoc spp. ...................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Grampositive Bakterien der Ordnung Bacillales ..................................................... 15 2.2.2.1 Familie Bacillaceae ......................................................................................... 15 2.2.2.1.1 Bacillus spp. .............................................................................................. 15 2.2.2.1.2 Lysinibacillus spp. ..................................................................................... 16 2.2.2.2 Familie Staphylococcaceae ............................................................................ 17 2.2.2.2.1 Staphylococcus spp. .................................................................................. 17 2.2.2.2.2 Macrococcus caseolyticus ......................................................................... 18 2.2.2.3 Familie Paenibacillaceae ................................................................................ 18 2.2.2.3.1 Brevibacillus borstelensis .......................................................................... 18 2.2.2.4 Familie Planococcaceae ................................................................................. 18 2.2.2.4.1 Viridibacillus spp. ...................................................................................... 18 2.2.2.4.2 Solibacillus silvestris ................................................................................. 18 Inhaltsverzeichnis 2.2.3 Andere grampositive Bakterien .............................................................................. 19 2.2.3.1 Ordnung Clostridiales – Familie Clostridiaceae .............................................. 19 2.2.3.1.1 Clostridium spp. ........................................................................................ 19 2.2.3.2 Ordnung Corynebacteriales – Familie Corynebacteriaceae ........................... 20 2.2.3.2.1 Corynebacterium spp. ............................................................................... 20 2.2.3.3 Ordnung Micrococcales – Familie Micrococcaceae ....................................... 20 2.2.3.3.1 Micrococcus spp. ...................................................................................... 20 2.2.3.3.2 Arthrobacter spp. ..................................................................................... 21 2.2.3.4 Ordnung Micrococcales – Familie Brevibacteriaceae .................................... 21 2.2.3.4.1 Brevibacterium spp. .................................................................................. 21 2.2.3.5 Ordnung Propionibacteriales – Familie Proprionibacteriaceae ..................... 21 2.2.3.5.1 Proprionibacterium acnes ......................................................................... 21 2.2.4 Gramnegative Stäbchenbakterien der Ordnung Enterobacteriales ....................... 22 2.2.4.1 Familie Enterobacteriaceae ............................................................................ 22 2.2.4.1.1 Escherichia coli ......................................................................................... 22 2.2.4.1.2 Salmonella spp. ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.4.1.3 Klebsiella spp. ........................................................................................... 24 2.2.4.1.4 Raoultella spp. .......................................................................................... 25 2.2.4.1.5 Enterobacter spp. ..................................................................................... 25 2.2.4.1.6 Cronobacter sakazakii .............................................................................. 25 2.2.4.1.7 Citrobacter spp. ........................................................................................ 26 2.2.4.1.8 Leclercia adecarboxylata .......................................................................... 26 2.2.4.2 Familie Pasteurellaceae .................................................................................. 26 2.2.4.2.1 Pasteurella spp. ........................................................................................ 26 2.2.4.2.2 Gallibacterium spp. ................................................................................... 27 2.2.4.3 Familie Morganellaceae ................................................................................. 27 2.2.4.3.1 Proteus spp. .............................................................................................. 27 2.2.4.3.2 Providencia spp. ....................................................................................... 27 2.2.4.3.3 Morganella morganii ................................................................................ 28 2.2.4.4 Familie Hafniaceae ......................................................................................... 28 2.2.4.4.1 Hafnia alvei ............................................................................................... 28 2.2.5 Andere gramnegative Bakterien ............................................................................. 28 2.2.5.1 Ordnung Aeromonadales – Familie Aeromonadaceae .................................. 28 2.2.5.1.1 Aeromonas spp. ........................................................................................ 28 2.2.5.2 Ordnung Pseudomonadales – Familie Pseudomonaceae .............................. 29 2.2.5.2.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ........................................................................
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