A MEETING OF THE MIGHTY

The Four Largest Steamers Afloat (S. S. MAURETANIA, AQUITANIA, OLYMPIC and BERENGARIA) as Caught by Consul John M. Savage’s Camera in Dock Together at Southampton, England

anuary THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION

OFFICERS Charles C. Eberhardt President Stuart J. Fuller Vice President Donald D. SheparJ. Secretary-Treasurer Tracy Lay Chairman Harry A. MeBnJe Vice Chairman

COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE Nathaniel B. Stewart Chairman DeWitt C. Poole Roger C. Tredwell Nelson T. Johnson T racy Lay

RECEPTION Roger C. Tredwell Chairman Frederick Simpich Edwin L. Neville Frank C. Lee

BULLETIN STAFF DeWitt C. Poole Editor Frederick Simpich Editor Harry A. McBride Business Manager Hamilton C. Claiborne Treasurer The American Consular Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service spirit, and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service.

DEE LLETIN

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION

VOL. IV. No. i WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY, 1922 What Your Consuls Do By Wilbur J. Carr, Director of the Consular Service THERE is probably no class of officers of the broader conception of the functions of the Consul Government whose functions are less cor¬ should have been gained. It would hardly occur rectly understood by the public than Consuls. to any of these individuals that their contact had To one man a Consul is a convenient or incon¬ been with an organization of trained officers venient visaer of passports, depending entirely gathering information, extending protection, en¬ upon whether he did or did not act as favorably forcing American laws and exerting American as the individual desired him to do; to another the influence in 400 cities in 50 countries in the world, word consul signifies a an organization employ¬ glorified traveling sales¬ ing 2,500 men and man charged with the women, costing about duty of mark e t i n g $4,500,000 annually and American goods in for¬ returning to the Treas- eign lands; and to still ury of the United another the Consul is a States in the year 1921 protector of American the sum of $8,500,000, lives and pro p e r t y thus showing a net abroad. Many a wife profit to the Govern¬ remembers the Consul ment for that year of only as the official wit¬ over $4,000,000. Neith¬ ness at her marriage in er would it occur to any a foreign country when, of them that the mem¬ as the law permits, he bers of that organiza¬ gave her a consular cer¬ tion were serving daily tificate as evidence that ten departments and the marriage ceremony IN' THE GOBI DESERT numerous independent was performed in his Samuel Sokobin, Consul at Kalgan, on special establishments of the pres ence. Many a mission to Urga, the capital of Mongolia, is seen Government in Wash¬ mother knows the Con¬ fixing his Ford en route. A Mongol prince and ington and, through sul only as a good and his two sons in the foreground. them or directly, many kind friend in a far thousands of individual away land who found and sent her wayward son citizens throughout the country. That is the fact, back to the old home in the United States. however, as may be seen by reference to the Since the contact of each of these persons has accompanying chart, What Your Consuls Do. It been solely through the channel in which he or she is the purpose of this article briefly to survey the was most interested, it is not unnatural that no most important of these activties. 3 Inasmuch as the system of consular representa¬ tion with the result that in a few days shipments tion developed out of the necessity for some inter¬ valued at $150,000 were released, three American national agency to follow the mariner and the firms had sent representatives to open business trader and later the traveler beyond the jurisdic¬ relations with the district, and obstacles to future tion of his native country and to obtain for him trade were removed. in all parts of the world the protection and inter¬ The many other cases of protection and relief vention of his own Government, it is to be expected ranged from finding lost relatives and shielding that first and foremost of the functions of con¬ well-meaning but indiscreet American travelers sular officers should be the protection of the lives from the legal consequences of their rash acts to and property of Americans traveling or residing rescuing indigent relatives from starvation and abroad and in many ways contributing to their death. welfare. With the enormous expansion of our Consuls Conserve Estates. commerce in the last decade, the large investment Another function which Consuls perform under of American capital in foreign enterprises, and the Department of State is that of conserving the latterly the unparalleled expansion of the Ameri¬ estates of American citizens dying abroad. The can merchant marine, there has been a steady statutes of the United States make the Consul the increase in the number of travelers, traders, stu¬ provisional conservator of the personal estate of dents, seamen and others journeying to foreign such persons in so far as the laws of the foreign lands and in the appeals from them to their Gov¬ country may permit; require him to take such ernment for the protection of their interests, the estates into his possession, dispose of perishable adjustment of their difficulties with the local for¬ goods at public sale, collect the debts due the eign authorities or redress or indemnification for deceased in the country where the death occurred, injuries and losses sustained. pay the debts there contracted and finally to ac¬ A Difficult Rescue. count to the legal representatives in the United States or to the Treasurer of the United States. The Department of State and the Consular Last year Consuls reported 1,010 deaths of Amer¬ Service dealt with 48,078 cases of this descrip¬ ican citizens abroad and settled 607 estates. One tion last year. One, although typical in many of these was that of an American electrical engi¬ respects, was of such an unusual character as to neer in far away Afghanistan ; another that of the justify a more detailed description. A merchant victim of a train wreck in Spain; and one that of from New York was on a business trip to the a man who died in Mexico, for whose relatives the Russian Caucasus. While there a revolution oc¬ Department of State is still searching in order that curred in the district in which his business lay. they may receive the proceeds of the personal His silence alarmed his relatives in the United estate which he left. States and the aid of the Department of State Citizenship and the doctrines of allegiance enter was sought, which in turn learned through the into all appeals for protection and assistance by Consul at the place nearest the seat of the dis¬ Americans abroad. In every appeal for aid there turbance that the merchant was detained by the must be considered the question of the right of the revolutionists and was without means. Money person making the demand and invoking the pro¬ was supplied by the relatives and transmitted by tection of the American Government. In order the Department of State to the Consul. That to make immediately effective the assistance of the resourceful officer succeeded in employing an ad¬ Government in proper cases Americans residing venturous agent who found his way through the abroad are called upon annually to register at lines of the revolutionists, obtained the merchant’s American consulates and prove their right to con¬ release, after much difficulty, brought him back to tinued protection. In these days of general pass¬ the Consul and started him on his way to America. port requirements Consuls have many duties in It is not infrequently necessary to protect Amer¬ connection with the issue or verification of pass¬ ican trade in a manner equally direct. In a part ports. Last year consular officers registered of Mongolia from which commodities valued at 6,585 Americans and performed passport services $15,000,000 were shipped to the United States in number in all 150,117. 1920, trade recently ceased. Money had been What is known as the alien visa control has invested, but permission to move merchandise from imposed upon consular officers a tremendous bur¬ the country was denied. The Consul supported den of work. The activities of the enemy during by the American Minister took charge of the situa¬ the war made it necessary for the Government to 4 BAGGAGE OF WAR-SCARED AMERICANS RECOVERED BY CONSULS This teas after the Great War broke out in August, 1914, and thousands of American tourists in Europe had to drop everything and scurry home regardless. Their abandoned impedimenta were gathered up by American Consuls. This consignment of trunks is on the Hamburg American Line docks at Hamburg, and Henry H. Morgan, the American Consul General at Hamburg, is in the cen¬ ter of the group. establish very direct control over travel and hence and the anarchists. The passports of 657,968 each person was required to have a passport and aliens bound for the United States were visaed by to have it visaed by the Consul of the country into our Consuls abroad during the past year. Many which the traveler intended to go. The system frauds were uncovered, gangs of crooks manufac¬ proved so valuable that when the armistice was turing and selling fraudulent passports were dis¬ signed it was decided to retain the visa control covered in many places in Europe and were system as a protection against world revolutionists broken up. Their passports were traced to the and fanatics who were attempting to spread their ports of the United States. Of 35 passports propaganda to create unrest and provoke move¬ examined at one port five were found to be fraud¬ ments subversive of the best interests of the ulent. At another port 31 fraudulent visas were country. found upon one America-bound steamer, while The United States was looked upon as an espe¬ examination at another port led to the discovery of cially fertile field for the activities of persons of persons dealing in fraudulent passports through this description. The visa system aimed to keep whom 390 false passports were placed in circula¬ them out of this country and was and is adminis¬ tion within one month. Counterfeit passports tered by consular officers. In 1920 the great wave cleverly copied, rubber stamps for visas, counter¬ of migration started. It was the American Con¬ feit fee stamps and seals—all were found and sul’s duty to sift from the thousands of prospec¬ destroyed and the practices stopped. tive immigrants the undesirables, the Bolshevists (Continued on page zo) 5 Passing Thoughts on Consuls By Kenneth L. Roberts of the Saturday EveningfPost MUCH has been written on the perils of im¬ tough and virile at a comparatively early age. migration in the past two years; but there When full-grown, a Polish pig bristle is so well is one aspect of the immigration problem developed that it can be, and frequently is, used which has never been adequately set forth. I as a toothpick by the person whose social stand¬ refer to the severe loss to American letters that ing and leisure is sufficient to permit him to in¬ has been occasioned by the perpetual interruptions dulge in such luxuries.” to which the European branch of the American Having thus freed the kinks from his knuckles, Consular Service has been exposed since Eastern the consular officer clamps his knees more firmly Europe decided to move to the Bronx. against his typewriter, glances again at his notes In the good old days, when a Consul’s time be¬ and statistic-tables, and prepares to pry deeply longed only to the State Department, to the two into the more intimate family details of the pig million tourists who wanted passes to the local bristle. At that moment, however, the door opens Government buildings, and to himself, he was able and a small man enters, preceded by a loud odor to sit down peacefully at his desk early every and followed by a large family. He wishes a morning, extricate from his pen the long fuzzy visa which will permit him to go to America. mustache that a pen always picks up from foreign Directly behind him and his family is another per¬ writing papers, and then give birth to a long, son with the same desire and the same smell. Be¬ scholarly report on The Use of Sheep Dip as a hind him is another, and behind him is another, Beverage Along the Lower Danube, The Russian and behind him is another, and so on and so on Whisker Crop, The Predilection of the Greeks and so on. for Sunflower Seeds and Other Parrot Foods, or Laying aside his copy-paper for the day, the some other equally illuminating and palpitating Consul, assisted by all the Vice Consuls, clerks, subject. translators and office-boys on the pay-roll, begins The result of these constant and sustained in¬ to issue visas. He issues them until lunch time, cursions in the field of romantic literature was a and rushes out for a hasty bite of lunch. Then marked development of the writing power. Over¬ he rushes back to his office, forcing his way productivity became common in the Consular Serv¬ through the rich bouquet which his visitors have ice, so that when Consuls had finished their serious deposited in and around it, and again sets to work work for the day, they would branch out into issuing visas. At the end of the day he goes home light and unconsidered trifles for the public prints. with a headache, a grouch, a few germs of sleep¬ Those who did this in the old days were legion; ing-sickness, and typhus and diphtheria concealed it is only necessary for me to mention a few of in his garments. His highly important brochure the names of the most persistent branchers—at on pig bristles dies of pernicious anemia, and his random, let us say, Bret Harte, Fred Simpich, upward progress on the ladder of literature is William Dean Howells, George Agnew Chamber¬ definitely halted. lin, Kenyon Gambier. Some day, when I get old enough or weak- Times, however, have changed. Today a Con¬ minded enough to imagine that my personal rec¬ sul or a Vice Consul in almost any of our leading ollections will be of vital interest to the people of European consulates may come down to work at the nation, I shall devote an entire volume to the an early hour in the morning with the idea of subject of Consuls I Have Bothered. limbering up his writing muscles on one of the In this volume I shall seize the opportunity of many subjects which the Consular Service offers. correcting a number of erroneous impressions If he is stationed in Warsaw, for example, he pre¬ that seem to have sprung into existence in various pares to plunge headlong into the engrossing sub¬ quarters. I shall deal in detail, for example, with ject of Pig Bristles. After marshaling his facts, the pleasant occasion in 1919 when Mr. Fred his figures and his references, he begins to write Simpich and myself, in company with a number somewhat as follows: of other Uplifters, escorted a horse and cab under “The finest and bristliest pig bristles known to the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and halfway science are grown on the pigs of Poland. Stim¬ through the door of the Adlon at two o’clock in ulated and calloused by the climate, which is the morning in order to facilitate the discharge of enough to surprise any pig bristle on earth, the the cab’s passengers, who seemed to be dead or bristles of Polish pigs become unusually hard, paralyzed. There is a rumor in existence that the horse in the case entered the Adlon, picked up a pen and wrote his name on the register. This rumor is entirely without foundation. The fact of the matter is that the horse stuck in the door, and remained there until the following morning, when a company of engineers took the front of the building to pieces and released him. It was physically impossible for the horse to write his name on the register, because he couldn’t get to it. There will be no complaints in this volume, ex¬ cept, possibly, concerning the lack of perspicacity evinced by a Consul in a city in Scotland. I called upon this gentleman formally, exchanged the compliments of the season, and then inquired solicitiously whether the Prohibition movement was making any headway in his neighborhood. He replied that it was not. I asked whether the whiskey was as good as it had always been. He replied that the brands on sale in the shops were a bit weaker than before the war. but that there was plenty of old pre-war stuff in the clubs. I asked him whether he had any of the old pre-war stuff, and then swallowed hard. He replied that he had plenty of it, and swallowed hard himself with a far-away look in his eyes. We swallowed alternately several times; and then, as the conver¬ sation seemed to have languished, I went away. If I make any complaints at all, I shall state that I am positive that this Consul had in the lower left hand drawer of his desk a quart of fine old Islay Malt whiskey with a rich ethereal bouquet, one inhalation of which would make the inhaler’s eyes revolve rapidly in his head, and two drinks MR. ROBERTS HIMSELF of which would induce levitation and a hazy mate¬ rialization of the drinker’s great-grandmother. There would be double stars for Homer Bying- I think that I shall follow the Baedeker system ton in Naples, the golf and tennis champion, who of starring Consuls. A two-star Consul, for ex¬ has trained the waiters in the Gambrinus Restau¬ ample, will mean that you don’t want to miss him rant to leap into the kitchen on his entrance and if you can help it. It would be a shame, for ex¬ leap back again with steaming platters of succu¬ ample, to miss the grate-fire in the office of Mr. lent spiedino di mozzarella alia Romana; for Robert P. Skinner in London—a fire whose size Haven in Trieste, who has a flock of trained fish¬ and warmth hear the same relation to the normal ermen who rush to his hotel when they are for¬ London fire that Bunker Hill Monument bears to tunate enough to catch the succulent tiny lobsters a toothpick—or to miss the sight of Skinner warm¬ known as scampi; for Keene in Rome, who, given ing his coat-tails before the fire and, with a a fair field and no favors, can tell three stories to sweetly plaintive look on his face, saying: “I anybody else’s one; for Messersmith in Antwerp; think your information will be helped if you see for Anderson in Rotterdam; for McBride and the King—I'll give you a letter to him—and pos¬ Keena and Huddle, who have sat on the lid in sibly Lloyd George—I’ll give you a letter to him Warsaw at various times. —and maybe the Archbishop of Canterbury—I’ll As a matter of fact, I shall give every American give you a letter to him—and, Oh, yes, the man¬ Consul in Europe a double star; for I never yet ager of the Bank of England—I’ll give you a let¬ have met one who failed to give me more than I ter to him—and, Ah, a couple of brewers—I’ll asked, to make greatly needed and very welcome give you letters to them—and, hum . . . .” additions to my store of knowledge, and to make and then to doze in front of the fire while his pen me very content with America’s system off picking sputters and scratches at his letters. her consular officials. 7 That part of the Association which is in Wash¬ After being ordered to Timbuctoo—and going ington got together December 15th and welcomed there—O’Toole resigns; desires then to be rein¬ into the Service a class of new Consuls and Vice stated. Consuls which has been sitting at Consul Gen¬ Said Hengstler, with classic Department reserve, eral Stewart’s feet during the past month. The “Your despatch, though a rare bit of consular welcome took the form of a dinner at Rauscher’s. nerve, Nearly fifty were present, including a special Will receive such attention as it may deserve.” guest in the person of Kenneth L. Roberts of the We are treated then to the moral— Saturday Evening Post, well known to many con¬ Now this phony story of Consul O’Toole sular officers and a contributor to this issue of the Is a striking exception, proving the rule, BULLETIN. That a Yankee Consul is nobody’s fool, Mr. Carr presided. The speakers included But it’s just born in him to kick like a mule! Tracy Lay, for whose remarks the BULLETIN hopes to find space in its next issue; N. T. John¬ One of the pleasantest things about the dinner son, Mr. Hengstler, Fred Simpich, Roger Tred- was the smiling countenance of John F. Tewell, well, and Thomas W. Chilton, for the consular completely resorted to health. He didn’t know class. Mr. Simpich carried away the honors with where he was going but he certainly was happy, an original and more or less epic poem relating to and so was every one else to see him so well again. the adventures of Consul O’Toole whom no post would suit and who therefore came out bad in The Departmental visitors’ register bears the the end. The BULLETIN wishes that the story of following recent entries: James B. Stewart, Consul O’Toole, as told in Mr. Simpich’s best Consul at Chihuahua, Mexico; William H. Hunt, style, could be compressed within the compass of Consul at Saint Etienne, France; Wilbur T. this issue. It is possible, however, only to give a Gracey, Consul at Birmingham, England; John sample or two. H. Grout, Consul at Hull, England; H. J. Dick¬ Messrs. Carr and Hengstler and the Division of inson, Consul at Singapore; H. F. Hawley, Consul Consular Personnel are much put to it to find a at Nagoya, Japan; Lester Maynard, Consul at place for the contankerous O’Toole. Tredwell (of Alexandria, Egypt; S. E. O’Donoghue, Vice Con¬ C. P.) avers: sul at Singapore; Alexander G. Swaney, Vice “We’ve got O’Toole’s number here in C. P. Consul at Edinburgh, Scotland; George H. Bar¬ His psychology chart, a secret sheet, ringer, Vice Consul at Belfast, Ireland; Edward Worked up by Totten while on his last beat, G. Greenlaw, Vice Consul at Glasgow, Scotland; Warns us that O’Toole must be kept from raw Harry W. Hargis, Jr., Vice Consul at Habana; meat. Joseph Welles, Vice Consul at Antilla, Cuba; John * * * * Corrigan, Jr., Consul at Havre; William A. “Nozv Bergen is open, a post he might wish, Hickey, Vice Consul at Maracaibo, Venezuela; But then, as he writes, there’s the smell of the fish. Avra M. Warren, Consul at Cape Haitien, Haiti; Nor can we make Milan his new bailiwick— Raoul E. Mouton, Vice Consul at Nantes, France; Macaroni and goat cheese both make him sick. L. Dale Pope, Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland; Colombo’s a good post, not easy to beat, J. F. Jewell, Consul “unassigned;” Odin G. But O’Toole’s predisposed to prickly heat.” Loren, Vice Consul at Colon, Panama; L. G. Daw¬ And so forth. son, Consul at Madras, India; Clarence T. Mur¬ “Enough,” cried Hengstler, “in him you see phy, Vice Consul at Sarnia, Ontario; Arthur Beek Psychopathic inferiority. Giroux, Vice Consul at Quebec, Canada; P. J. He’s one of the Consuls no post would please. Houlahan, Vice Consul at Buenos Aires, Argen¬ Paris would sifit him no more than Belize. tina; W. M. Parker Mitchell, Consul at Mexico For cases like /uk, it seems g pity City; H. Claremont Moses, Vice Consul at Per¬ There isn’t g post in Atlantff fity.” nambuco, Brazil; John S. Richardson, Jr., Vice ^MERICAH CONSULAR jyiULETIJsr

Consul at Rotterdam, Holland; J. H. T. Lorent- are installed in the Commercial Trust Building in zen, Vice Consul at Zurich, Switzerland; Samuel Philadelphia. C. Reat, Consul at Calgary, Alberta; Richard B. Haven, \ ice Consul at Genoa, Italy; C. E. Macy, Dana G. Munro, Consul of class 4, has been as¬ Vice Consul at Coblenz, Germany; G. R. Taggart, signed as Acting Chief of the Division of I^atin Consul at London, Canada; R. L. Reiser, Consul American Affairs, in the temporary absence in at Lourenco Marques, East Africa; Stephen B. Europe of Sumner Welles, the Chief of the Di¬ Vaughan, Vice Consul at Budapest, Hungary; vision. Russell M. Brooks, Vice Consul at Newcastle-On- Tyne, England; Marian D. DeTar, Vice Consul The BULLETIN offers congratulations on the at Palermo, Italy. following happy events : Son, Charles Sheldon, to Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon Under date of December 15, the Senate con¬ Whitehouse at Paris, France, on November 5th. firmed the appointment of the following Secre¬ Mr. Whitehouse is Counsellor of the Embassy. taries of Embassy or Legation of class 4: Robert Son, William Hamilton, to Mr. and Mrs. Nor¬ S. Burgher, of Dallas, Texas; William A. Taylor, wood Francis Allman at Tsingtau, China, on Au¬ Jr., of New York City; Charles A. Blackwell, of gust 23rd. Mr. Allman is temporarily detailed as Cleveland, Ohio; and George R. Merrell, Jr., of St. Louis, Missouri. Vice Consul and Interpreter at Chungking. Son, Henry Rhodes, Jr., to Mr. and Mrs. Henry Rhodes Brown, at Belgrade on September 24th. The following transfers have recently been Mr. Brown is the Vice Consul at Belgrade. ordered in the Diplomatic Service: Stewart John¬ son transferred from the Department to Berlin; Warden McK. Wilson, assigned to the Depart¬ J. Donald C. Rodgers, of the London Embassy, ment, transferred to Berlin; Thomas L. Daniels, who has been on a leave of absence in the United transferred from the Department to Brussels; States, has been assigned to the Legation at Pan¬ Arthur Bliss Lane, transferred from London to ama. Mr. Rodgers accompanied the newly ap¬ Buenos Aires; Samuel S. Dickson, transferred pointed American Minister to Panama, Dr. South, from Asuncion, Paraguay, to London; Orme Wil¬ sailing on the SS. Pastores on December 10. son, transferred from Brussels to Berne; Her- schel V. Johnson, transferred from Berne to Franklin E. Morales, the newly appointed Sofia; Richard N. Thompson, transferred from American Minister to Honduras, and John E. Sofia to Asuncion. Ramer, newly appointed American Minister to Nicaragua, sailed for their respective posts on Carroll Sprigg, the retiring Agent and Consul December 3. General at Cairo, recently called at the Depart¬ ment. His successor, Dr. J. Morton Howell, Edward E. Brodie, newly appointed American sailed for Cairo on December 7. Minister to Siam, sailed for his post on Decem¬ ber 10 on the SS. Pine Tree State. Ralph Chesbrough’s many friends in the Service will be interested to learn that he has launched out Vice Consul Samuel Sokobin has been ordered on his own. With Edgar B. Howard, of Phila¬ from Kalgan to Urga, the capital of Mongolia, to delphia. he has formed a company to engage in a remain there temporarily for the purposes of general importing and exporting business. They friendly observation and informal contact. This means that less than a fortnight (instead of a month) will elapse from the assembling of the copy for each issue until the emergence of the magazine from the press. Readers will get per¬ LLETIN sonal news and Service items with the least pos¬ sible delay. 2. The mailing of the BULLETIN to subscribers PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CON¬ is directly in the hands of the Association and SULAR ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. prompt and accurate service is assured. The Executive Committee has been chagrined to learn The American Consular Bulletin is published monthly by the American Consular Association, and is distributed by the Asso¬ that a number of members of the Diplomatic ciation to its members gratis. The Bulletin is also open to private Service, and possibly others, have subscribed to subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Consular the BULLETIN in the past and failed to receive Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ ton. D. C. copies. This will not occur again. The commit¬ The purposes of the Bulletin are (1) to serve as an exchange tee is anxious to learn of ah such cases and to among American consular officers for personal news and for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their enter on the new mailing list, without further functions, and to keep them in touch with business and adminis¬ charge, the names of disappointed subscribers for trative developments which are of moment to them; and (2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Consular the periods of their original, unfulfilled subscrip¬ Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men tions. Advices on this subject are solicited from who may be considering the Consular Service as a career. every quarter. Propaganda and articles of a tendential nature, especially such as might be aimed to influence legislative, executive or adminis¬ 3. Contracts for advertising in the BULLETIN trative action with respect _ to the Consular Service, or the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. are made by the Consular Association (through Contributions should be addressed to the American Consular the Business Manager) and the BULLETIN benefits Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ ton, D. C. financially to the full extent of its advertising patronage. Note the advertising which has been obtained for this issue on very short notice. As THE NEW BULLETIN income from this source increases, the magazine Herewith the new BULLETIN. We promised will be enlarged and improved. Dividends are not vou somethin" in our November issue. Here it sought. The BULLETIN is not a commercial ven¬ is. We have begun to grow. ture. The entire management, publication and distri¬ All this is attributable to the Business Manager, bution of the BULLETIN has heen taken over by whose identity was disclosed in the November is¬ the Consular Association, beginning with this is¬ sue. The Executive Committee of the Associa¬ sue. The Editor really edits and the Business tion has requested and authorized him to conduct Manager gets advertisements and subscriptions. the business of the BULLETIN apart from the The BULLETIN is a going concern, going on its other business of the Association and to keep ac¬ own legs. counts separate from those of the Secretary- The arrangement with J. W. Young, of New Treasurer. His receipts will be derived from ad¬ York, under which the BULLETIN has heen pub¬ vertising and subscriptions. The subscription lished heretofore, has been terminated bv mutual price to outsiders, it will be noticed, is increased consent. A tentative printing contract has been from $1.50 to $4.00, so as to be commensurate concluded with a Washington firm, the Doing with what is now offered. The business manager Printing Company. The BULLETIN will have its must meet all costs of publication and distribution. own mailing organization. The Association will pay $100 monthly from Mr. Young did well by the Consular Associa¬ the general treasury as a co’lective subscription tion and the BULLETIN. He has now acquired for all the members of the Association and other interests, and the success which the BULLE¬ for supplying a “free” mailing list to which the TIN has had in the past year has made expansion BULLETIN is sent in the interest of the Service. imperative. In parting company with Mr. Young, This list includes educational institutions, cham¬ the Executive Committee of the Association de¬ bers of commerce, important Government officials, sires to express its very sincere appreciation of etc., numbering at present about 200. The BUL¬ his generous cooperation at all times. LETIN has been costing the Association in the past The principal changes which have now come from $110 to $120 a month. The Association’s about are these: normal income from membership dues is about 1. The BULLETIN js published in Washington. $140 a month, 10 Ai~MERICA'N SULAIt fflLLETIN

OPIUM IN AMERICAN CONSULATE GUARDED BY MARINES The trunks and boxes contain approximately one ton of opium, the product of the poppy fields of Western Hunnan and Kweichow, China. The lot zvas seised, June 29, 1921, by the American Con¬ sulate at Changsha. The picture, furnished to the BULLETIN by Walter A. Adams, Vice Consul in charge at Changsha, shows the opium stored in the Consulate under guard of a machine gun detach¬ ment from the U. S. S. “Quiros,” one of the fleet of American gunboats which ply the Yangtze-Kiang. The opium zvas seised, Mr. Adams zvrites, as a part of an attempt to stop a widespread use of the American flag as a cloak for the opium traffic. The attempt zvas finally successful, after some months of effort, largely because of the cooperation of missionaries in reporting specific instances of the abuse of the flag. Speaking of dues, dear colleagues, have you paid yours for the current year ? They were due WHO’S NEXT? July 1, and a notice to that effect was mailed to Consul John M. Savage, Southampton, Eng¬ you. Don’t overlook it. It is obvious that the land, has furnished the photograph which is re¬ good work can’t go on without your help. produced on the cover page of this issue of the This is a good time to announce also that, after BULLETIN. His camera caught the four largest the present issue, the BULLETIN will no longer be passenger steamers afloat in dock at the same supplied to every Consular office. The mailing time. They are the S. S. Mauretania, 30,704 tons; facilities of the Department will no longer be Aquitania, 45,647 tons; Olympic, 45,323 tons, and availed of. The BULLETIN will instead be mailed Berengaria, 52,021 tons. The total tonnage of out by the Association direct, and copies will be these four ships, 173,695, represents about one- sent only to the subscribers and to members of fourth of the total of American steam tonnage the Association. There may be officers who are engaged in foreign trade in 1914, namely, 720,- not members of the Association, but it is difficult 609 tons. By 1919-, however, the American for¬ to believe. eign trade steam tonnage had grown to 5,992,028. And don’t forget contributions to the columns of the BULLETIN. Long or short, they’re Who is going to furnish the next cover-page wanted—they’re essential to the BULLETIN’S photograph? If the BULLETIN prospers, the Busi¬ success. ness Manager man consent to a prize. 11 MORE PROMOTIONS PAGING AND INDEXING IN connection with the advancements in the “From time to time some article of such great Service which were described at length in the interest appears in our BULLETIN,” writes Consul last issue of the BULLETIN, a long list of promo¬ General Hollis from Lisbon, “that one is glad to tions was also made among the Vice Consuls of mark it and keep it on hand for future reference.” career, and twenty-seven new men were selected Mr. Hollis suggests, therefore, that the pages of for appointment to class 3 of Vice Consuls of the BULLETIN be numbered consecutively through career from among the non-career Vice Consuls the year and that at the end of each year an index and from the eligible list. be prepared. The index will depend upon the in¬ Those promoted from class 2 to class 1 of Vice dustry and devotion of some officer (volunteers Consuls of career include: H. Merle Cochran, requested), but at any rate we will begin with J. F. McGurk, Charles J. Pisar, L. H. Gourley, 1922 the consecutive page numbering. J. J. Murphy, George Wadsworth, Orsen N. Niel¬ The volumes of the BULLETIN have heretofore sen, Walter A. Adams, Wm. W. Heard, G. A. run from March to March, as the first issue of Makinson, Ilo C. Funk, Lynn W. Franklin, R. F. the BULLETIN appeared in March, 1919. The vol¬ Fernald, V. W. O’Hara, H. Earle Russell, Wm. P. umes will now be made to coincide with the calen¬ George, W. J. McCafferty, S. R. Thompson, P. D. dar year. This, the January issue, is number one Thompson, J. C. Moomaw, T. McEnelly, S. B. in volume four. Volume three will embrace only Jacobson, J. T. Bouchal, Geo. T. Colman, Geo. L. ten numbers, that is to say, from March to De¬ Brandt. cember, 1921. The following were promoted from class 3 to class 2: H. W. Goforth, C. H. Thorling, Julian NECROLOGY C. Greenup, Knox Alexander, C. T. Steger, A. H. Gerberich, J. F. Simons, J. G. Groeninger, C. B. The many friends of Ralph H. Bader, Consul Hosmer, E. B. Montgomery, H. S. Fullerton, A. detailed to the Diplomatic Agency and Consulate W. Treat, R. H. Tompkins, Don S. Haven, R. F. General at Cairo, will be grieved to learn of the Boyce, John R. Minter, E. M. Groth, W. W. Cor¬ death at Cairo on October 7, 1921, of Mr. Bader’s coran, R. A. Gibson, E. B. Coulter, F. L. Spangler, wife, Mrs. Pearle Bacon Bader. R. B. Macatee, G. P. Waller, Id. E. Carlson, H. A. Doolittle, L. Webber, D. A. Willson, R. S. Charles Sprague Caldwell died at San Jose, Castleman. Costa Rica, November 5, 1921, in the 64th year of Howard A. Bowman, Ernest E. Evans, F. H. his age. Mr. Caldwell served as Vice Consul at Styles, Carlton Hurst and Harold Waters were San Jose from 1899 to 1909. promoted from Consular Assistant to class 3 of Vice Consul of career. H. Clay Evans, a prominent manufacturer of The following non-career Vice Consuls, having Chattanooga, Tennessee, and formerly Consul duly passed their examinations, were admitted to General at London, died at Chattanooga Decem¬ the lowest grade of Vice Consul of career and as¬ ber 12, 1921, in the 79th year of his age. Mr. signed as indicated: George E. Seltzer, Salina Evans was Consul General at London from 1902 Cruz ; Harold S. Tewell, Winnipeg; Francis Wells, to 1905. He had a long and distinguished public Manchester; Charles L. DeVault, London; Wil¬ career. He was twice mayor of Chattanooga, liam I. Jackson, Bahia; Harry J. Anslinger, Ham¬ represented that district in Congress and served as burg. Assistant Postmaster General and as Commis¬ Selections from the eligible list were as follows, sioner of Pensions. the assignment (if any) being given in each case: H. Shantz, Calcutta; E. P. Lowry; Fletcher War¬ ren, Habana; Julian L. Pinkerton, Loanda; Ed¬ Reuter; Charles T. Hearin, Naples; Ethelbert T. win A. Plitt, Sofia; Willard L. Beaulac, Tampico; Smith, Tientsin; Arthur H. Cawston, Cape Town; Richard P. Butrick, Valparaiso; Robert Y. Jar¬ Frederick L. Thomas, Bombay; Frank P. S. vis, Warsaw; Harold M. Collins, Dublin; Maurice Glassey, Helsingfors; Alexander P. Cruger, Mar¬ Walk, Hamburg; Edward W. Caffery, Bucharest; seille. Julian C. Dorr, Prague; R. Herman Geist, Buenos Albert Halstead, junior, was reinstated as Vice Aires; Howard Donovan, London; Elmer W. Consul of career (class 3) and assigned to Munich. Bombs By Frederick Simpich

THE SPIRIT OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE THE once big “empty spots” on the map are settling np. Most of the long “unknown” world has been explored; daring deeds like those of Cortez, Magellan and Stanley can be no more. Yet the Yankee Consul—from the very character of his calling—may still be grouped among the last of the world’s real adventurers. Often, more often even than in the Army and Navy, the career of the Consul is one of thrills, romance, and stirring events. Certainly life is infinitely safer—and far more comfortable at an Army post or on the quarter deck of a bat¬ tleship, than it is at many a far-flung Consulate—unprotected by guns or medical corps against perils of assault and disease. More than any other agent of Uncle Sam, the Consul—stuck off in some remote nook of the world—must play a lone hand. Time and again only his own sheer wit, presence of mind and quick action has saved him—as well as the little colony of American exiles under the pro¬ tection of his flag. Of such cases, the archives of the Department could yield many a stirring story of courage, fortitude and resourcefulness. Heroes there are in this far-flung Service of Uncle Sam, unknown and unsung, who have fought it out alone—battling single-handed thousands of miles from home against the staggering odds of revolutions, pestilence and disease. War, cholera, plague, shipwreck, earthquakes, all have taken toll. The department knows, and is proud; but what does the public know of the great adventures of men like Summers, Cheney, Brissel, Hamm, Nealy and Gottschalk, who made the supreme sacrifice for Uncle Sam? These there are, and others whose bones in the years that are gone have been scattered over the earth from the fever coast of Ecuador to the war-worn plains of Europe. On the firing line, in din and gore of red revolution, in the wake of flood and disaster the Consul is always found—“keeping the Department informed.” Who stuck, braving the Bol¬ sheviks to keep Uncle Sam posted when civilization went crashing to chaos in red Russia? The Consuls! One paid with his life; another with a year in the prisons of Turkestan. Who stood pat in Mexico—through long years of violence, murder and worse? The Consuls, of course! Hanging grimly on, moving thousands of refugees, protecting millions in property—sustained only by that obstinate sense of duty, that never-say-die spirit of service that finds its reward in doing its best.

AUTUMN was open season for our Consuls Threats were received or demonstrations made and diplomats. Bombs and infernal machines at various places—Brussels, Marseille, Juarez, were tossed about, keeping many an Embassy Buenos Aires, Genoa, etc., but no one in the Con¬ and Consulate busy sweeping up the wreckage and sular Service was killed, hurt—or even stampeded ! putting in new window glass. In this cowardly manner the red world voiced Ambassador Herrick got a package labeled its protest at what it styles the persecution of two “perfumery.” Luckily, the Ambassador himself Italians, Sacco and Vanzetti, on trial for murder didn’t open it—for it blew up, jarring the villa in Massachusetts. where the Ambassador lives and jarring General In all this orgy of dynamite, violence and threats, Pershing, who happened to be present, into draw¬ it is singular to record that the American people, ing his gun and starting a hunt for the would-be at least till these bombs were thrown, knew prac¬ assassin. tically nothing of this Massachusetts murder case. Meanwhile, down at Lisbon a bomb big enough To the reading public, Sacco and Vanzetti were to hoist Consul General Hollis to glory went off—- nothing more than two men—out of thousands but Hollis stayed. If the fuse had been shorter, arrested every year—on trial in New England for the Consul General reports, “some one else would robbery and murder. That they happened to have have had the honor of writing this despatch.” Italian names was, naturally, neither for nor C’est magnifique! against them—since America is a composite land 13 AMERICAN rONSULARfflLLETIN where everyone’s name is, or was, “foreign.” In July last, a jury chosen from hundreds of talesmen, stayed out five hours—wrestling with 3,900 pages of testimony—and then brought in a verdict of guilty (to muddy the water more it came out in the trial that both Sacco and Vanze ti were slackers—that they had run away to Mexico in war times to avoid the draft). A new trial has been granted and is now under way. What the Reds Tell the World. In the meantime radical propaganda is flooding the earth. Propaganda which teaches the outside world that there is no justice in America for the working man; that the foreigner is discriminated against; that capitalism is the power behind the courts in New England. The story of how these propagandists worked, as told by one writer, is a curious instance of the power of propaganda—pernicious or otherwise. Three men in a dim-lit, scantily furnished office in Boston, a Spanish carpenter, a former Colum¬ bia student of twenty-three (Morris Gebelow, whose pen name is “Eugene Lvons”) and an Italian radical writer named Felicana, put the torch to the powder trail of propaganda that swept over Europe into Russia, and even down in*o South America. Their only equipment was a few typewriters, a live mailing list, a little money—and the phrase “Save Sacco and Vanzetti!” A Sacco- Vanzetti Defense Committee was organized—and a tiny newspaper, called UAgitation was started, its avowed purpose being to convince foreign peo¬ ples and governments that these two Italians were The hallway of the American Consulate Gen¬ convicted because they were foreigners active in eral at Lisbon, Portugal, after the explosion of the strikes, and members of the anarchist-communist anarchist bomb. group in Boston. It was only when syndicalist papers in Italy, in Through all the propaganda put out ran this France and South America—reacting quickly to note: _ Any immigrant might fall a victim to the skillful appeals of the propagandist trio—be¬ American courts. One of its pamphlets, printed gan to print the story of this latest “iniquity” of in English and entitled DOOMED TO DIE, says: “American capitalism,” and thereby to stir up “Three factors weigh against Sacco and Vanzetti. riots, strikes and assaults on our Embassies and They are Italians, they are thinking workers, ac¬ Consulates that American attention was drawn to tive in New England labor movements for years— Sacco and Vanzetti. and they oppose the vicious and brutal methods of Undoubtedly, the authors of this astounding the Department of Justice.” propaganda sincerely believe in the innocence of Linked nnth Dreyfus and Mooney. Sacco and Vanzetti; and certain labor groups— For dramatic effect, the trio of propagandists and radical American journals—are furnishing compared the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti with the moral and financial support. But they decline to famous Dreyfus and Mooney cases. Race preju¬ c let the courts—set up by law for that purpose— dice, it was alleged, caused the conviction of the e carry the case through. Even while the defend¬ two Italians—though the truth is, the first trial ants’ lawyers were preparing an appeal, the radi¬ of the case went on practically unnoticed ; the pub¬ cals rushed their side of the story to the restless lic was not interested—even the Boston papers elements of Europe and Latin America—ignoring gave but little space to the incident, the functions of the Massachusetts court and J4 $ioo PRIZE STORY CONTEST The success of YOUR BULLETIN de¬ Manuscripts should be post-marked not pends on what you men in the field con¬ later than August 31, 1922. tribute to it! For the best article, story or sketch a cash To encourage contributions, the BULLE¬ prise of $100 will be paid. TIN offers a prise of $100 for the best This contest is open to every diplomatic article, sketch or story of not over 2,000 and consular officer, and also to all clerks. words based on some phase of life or work Officers directly connected with the publica¬ in the American Consular Service. tion of the BULLETIN are excluded. Clear, forceful articles on some feature of Three judges will be chosen by the Execu¬ official duty, such as new office methods, tive Committee of the American Consider trade promotion work, shipping, commercial Association, one from among officials of the geography, or economic conditions anywhere Department of State in Washington, one —arc particularly desired. from among editors of reputable American So, also, are sketches of strange or amus¬ trade journals, and one from the editorial ing personal adventures, eventful travel, or staff of a national magazine. experiences in war, disaster or pestilence,— to be illustrated with photographs if avail¬ Manuscripts should be typewritten, the able. pages numbered, and the name and address Short fiction, provided some member of of the writer should appear in the upper the American Consular Service plays a role left hand corner of each page. —a clean, compelling story with a consular The BULLETIN reserves the right to setting, not unfriendly to this or any other publish any manuscript received, but payment Government—will also be considered. will be made only to the prise winner. throwing this trial of two obscure workmen into NOTARIAL MANUAL the net of international affairs. Every consular office will have received, before this issue of-the BULLETIN, its copy of A Notarial Where the Consul Comes In. f Manual for Consular Officers by C. E. Gauss, Even before the American public had heard of American Consul, now at Amoy. Every one has the case the “committee of defense” had mailed to had time to perceive that it is one of the most im¬ papers in Spain and South America a gruesome portant contributions which has ever been made sketch of electrocution as a form of execution; to consular literature. Its practical usefulness and L’Agitation, in one issue, printed this para¬ has no doubt already been demonstrated in many graph : “The agitation in Italy is in good hands. offices. Last minute telegrams tell us that in all the cities The manual was prepared by Mr. Gauss some of Italy and other parts of Europe violent upris¬ time ago. Mr. Gauss offered it to the Department ings are on foot in favor of the prisoners. An as¬ to be published for the good of the Service. There sault upon the American Consulate is proposed.” was considerable discussion of having it brought Small wonder Herrick and Hollis were bombed ! out by the Consular Association. The Depart¬ Look at the picture, and imagine what would ment decided, however, that its official value was have happened to Hollis had he picked up that such as to justify its publication as a strictly offi¬ bomb,—or had he been in the hall, when it ex¬ cial matter. ploded. No veteran of the dugouts and listening One copy has been sent to each consular office. chambers ever had a closer call! No veteran The Department will not furnish copies to indi¬ ever “carried on”-—after the barrage—with more vidual officers for their personal use. As will be sang froid. It’s a way Consuls have—mop up seen by reference to page 84 of the Manual, how¬ the job, and report later! ever, copies may be purchased from the Superin¬ tendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., at 40 Mr. Alvin Hovey-King has resigned from an cents apiece. export company in New York to accept the posi¬ The Service is greatly beholden to Mr. Gauss tion of Commercial Attache to the American Em¬ for this generous gift, which will be a lasting bassy in Mexico City. monument to his industry and efficiency. IS The annual report of the Bureau of Foreign trade reports were received by the Department and Domestic Commerce, which was presented to from the Consular Service, as compared with Congress when it convened for the “long session” 1,405 during the month of October. The number the first Monday of December, contained not only of trade letters transmitted to American business an account of what the Bureau has been doing in interests through the Department from consular the course of the year, in the manner of the pre¬ offices was, in November, 2,958, as compared with ceding report which was summarized in the BUL¬ 2,742 in October. It is also of interest to note LETIN for March, 1921, but also a survey of the that during November the Service sent in 228 progress of American trade during the year and trade opportunities, whereas in October only 95 the trade of the other chief countries of the world. were received. It is probable that a copy of this report will be These figures show that the trade promotion sent to each consular office to enable the Service, work of the Service is on the boom—and being by a perusal thereof, to furnish its mental back¬ given special attention by many officers. ground with an up-to-date picture of economic During the month of November, the Consulate conditions in the United States and in other coun¬ General at London led in the number of trade re¬ tries. The Department has long been alive to the ports (52), followed by the Consulate at Riga importance of helping consular officers to keep in (41), the Consulate General at Buenos Aires (32), touch with business conditions at home and with the Consulate at Helsingfors (24), and the Con¬ the whole lay-out of trade the world over. One sulate at Alexandria (22). In the number of of the more important functions of the new office trade letters sent by our offices during November, of DC-2 will be to guide and broaden the outlook the leading place was taken by the Consulate at of the Service on the field of its commercial work. Antofagasta (91), followed by the Consulate at Pernambuco (51), whereas the Consulates Gen¬ eral at London and Calcutta both sent 49, and the Speaking of which, we all read, of course, the Consulate at Nairobi 47. good, old New York Journal of Commerce. With¬ out derogation to the serious character of that dis¬ tinguished and valuable newspaper, the BULLETIN On a recent business trip to this country Ira cannot but remark upon the fine humor of the Nelson Morris, American Minister to Sweden, head-lines on its market reports. When the mail heroically saved a girl, Miss Ellen Neilson of has come and we have removed—by varying Brooklyn, from death in mid-Atlantic. During an means, all unsatisfactory and annoying—the tough unusually heavy sea Miss Neilson was trying to paper cuticle which envelopes the tight-rolled De¬ pull herself up from the promenade to the boat partmental budget of printed matter, and have sat deck. She was near the top when the vessel bent upon, or otherwise attempted to flatten out, a nest over to port suddenly under a wall of water and of marcelled Insecticide circulars, we may turn the movement threw her to the deck. Another with a deep sigh of relief to one of the back pages comber washed over the starboard side as she fell, of the Journal of Commerce and read some such and she slid with it over to the edge of a deck not delightful announcement as “Lemons Nervous.” protected by a rail. At this opportune moment Can’t you just see a nervous lemon? Rather a Mr. Morris came by and rescued the girl, holding bulbous nose with one or two oily drops thereon. her with one arm and clinging with the other to a Or, “Prunes Unsettled.” Mrs. Prune, no doubt, stanchion until the ship rolled back to an even keel. finds it difficult to adjust the family budget with¬ out knowing what her husband’s post allowance will be for the current fiscal year. And then, “Hops Agitated”—but there’s a limit. Trade Commissioner Lynn W. Meekins has been instructed to return to the United States for a vacation after two years’ service in Shanghai During the month of November, 1921, 1,512 and Peking. 16 AMERICAN CONSULAR, K^LLETIN

The chart entitled What Your Consul Does, marched in procession to the unveiling of a statue accompanying Mr. Carr’s interesting article on of Francis I, the founder of the port of Havre, the work of the Consular Service, is offered as in the garden of the Town Hall. a supplement to this issue of the BULLETIN. The In the afternoon at the Custom House, on the chart was compiled by Herbert C. Hengstler, Ouai Notre Dame, a bronze plaque was unveiled Chief of the Consular Bureau, with the assistance bearing the following inscription: “Here resided of Consul General Totten. General Lafayette on August 27, 1779, when he It is hoped that it will prove of interest not received from the grandson of Benjamin Frank¬ only to the men in the Service, but also to the lin the sword of honor offered him by the Ameri¬ American public—which it serves. can Congress.” In the evening there were illuminations and a display of fireworks. The Havre municipal au¬ Arthur C. Millspaugh, Economist Consul, has thorities gave a banquet to about a hundred per¬ been appointed Acting Foreign Trade Adviser of sons, the Pan-American consular officers in Havre the Department of State. being the guests of honor. The Mayor, on behalf of the city and the Sub- Consul John K. Cald¬ Prefect for the Depart¬ well and Vice Consul ment of Seine Inferie- Edward B. Thomas are ure, each presented all now established at Chi¬ the Consuls with a sil¬ ta, Siberia. ver gilt medal com¬ memorative of the oc¬ casion. Trade Commissioner Carl J. Mayer arrived in Vladivostok the 1st of November, and has A memorial service begun reporting upon for the Unknown Sol¬ economic conditions in dier was conducted by Siberia. the American Colony at Geneva on Armistice Day at the American Trade Commissioner The American Consulate at Puerto Cahello, Church. A commend¬ John A. Fowler arrived Venezuela (William P. Garrcty, Consul), en¬ able address was deliv¬ in Washington Novem¬ dangered by burning gasoline from a schooner ered by Consul Haskell ber 2, after a three-year •which caught fire in the harbor January 13, 1921. in which, among other absence in the Far East. The burning containers were fended off with long things, he remarked, Mr. Fowler has pre¬ poles. “we take our place be¬ pared an econo mi c side President Harding hand book on the Dutch East Indies and British and the allied representatives of the world in pay¬ Malaya which will probably be issued within the ing homage to the Unknown Soldier: the symbol next few months. of sacrifice and heroism—the incarnation of the spirit that has made possible the triumvirate of a free people: liberty, equality, and fraternity.” French goodwill toward the American Continent and its people was reflected at Havre on October 12th in festive ceremonies, at which the American German Consulates are being re-established in Consulate was represented, writes Consul In¬ the United States. Beside the appointment of gram. Carl Lang as Charge d’Affaires at Washington, In the morning there was a picturesque scene the Berlin Foreign Office announces Herr Kraske’s when a reproduction of a 16th century caravel assignment as Consul General at New York, Herr landed a little company of men, women and chil¬ Ziegler at San Francisco, Herr Mund at St. Louis dren attired in old Norman costumes. These and Herr Fonungelte at New Orleans.

17 Words of Counsel from Mr. Hughes SPEAKING recently to a new class of young that is being done by the men who are in it. diplomats, the Secretary of State sketched “Now, I belong to the profession of lawyers, their path of duty and their opportunities in for whom a good word is never spoken by anyone rare words of wisdom and hope. outside the profession. I have yet to hear of “I don’t feel like saying anything that is formal anyone, however intelligent, who does not in his in the slightest degree on an occasion of this sort,” confidences berate that great and noble profession he said. “I find myself as one who has been to which I have given my life. But that is never chosen to be president of a university of which he disturbing at all, because all these people who in¬ is not a graduate! That has always struck me as dulge in these gibes, slams, tirades about lawyers, a situation of some embarrassment. But, of when they get even within speaking distance of course, I do congratulate you very heartily on trouble will at once put their complete trust and your entrance into this career. While I haven’t confidence in some lawyer, and reckon his friend¬ had the advantage of training in diplomatic work ship and support as the most valuable of all their and have been associated with a very different possessions. sort of life, there is no one who cherishes more “And so it is with our good American people, deeply the ideals of the diplomatic career than do as you will find abroad in connection with your I; and all that I can say is by way of emphasis work. You will observe that the moment there upon the vast importance of representing the is a hint of trouble the Diplomatic Service is ap¬ country at this time. preciated and its necessity recognized. “Of course, I assume that you have had, as I “I think we are entering on a new phase of the have had, moments when you were inclined to world’s history. I was just saying to my neigh¬ despair of the future of the Diplomatic Service, bor here that nobody at any crisis in history, how¬ because of the apparent lack of appreciation on ever well informed, had apparently ever been aide the part of so many of our good American people to predict what was coming with any degree of of the vital importance of the maintenance of that exactitude. I don’t suppose we are any better off Service. Whenever I hear anyone in or out of than those who preceded us at critical periods, but public office, who decries the quality of the work we do know that with the unsettled condition in that is done by those who are members of our which the whole world is found at this time, and diplomatic staffs, I feel as though the country has in many respects, with situations to which there received a wound. I always dislike to hear any has been nothing analagous in the past; with our words of disparagement, because they are words country, embarrassed by its relative wealth, never that reveal utter misunderstanding of the relation stronger than it is today, and, despite all the differ¬ of this Government to other Governments and the ences exhibited in our political contests, never bet¬ only way in which a friendly co-operation can be ter united in sentiment than it is today, our coun¬ maintained and the rights of our own people try has a role to play in the world of which it is secured. not fully conscious and for which none of its pre¬ “Now I hope that all that has been done to im¬ vious activities have properly prepared it. The prove the Diplomatic Service—to establish and corollary, of course, to that is that the country will maintain the best standards of work in the Service have to rely upon such experience and ability as it -—is only a beginning of what we shall accomplish can command, and, in this Service, men of training as we are forced into more and more important and men who make a special study of conditions relations with other countries—as the intimacy of as affecting the relations between countries will relation is increased, and I feel that the American be in great demand. people are so keen, so intelligent, so observant of “You are entering upon a service which is their interests, that it is only a question of time richer in its promise today that it has ever been— when the full dignity, worth, and necessity of the I speak from the vantage ground of one who does Diplomatic Service—as those appreciate it who are not admit being old but has had a number of years intimately connected with it—will be recognized -—and I don’t think that young men realize—I generally. never did—how rapidly the generation ahead of “In the meantime, you have the satisfaction that them passes away and how rapidly the opportuni¬ comes from a knowledge that those who know ties are developing for the young men that are anything about what you are doing—and whose coming along. opinion really counts—are fully aware of the im¬ “When I was admitted to the bar thirty-seven portance of the career and of the splendid work years ago, it seemed to me that all the places ahead 18 A Home-Coming Officer Feels at Home By Paul Chapin Squire A SULTRY September morning found me Stewart, whose batting average when it comes to trudging along the corridor en route for acquaintance with personnel must compare with Room 113, Consular Bureau, for the first that of the big leaguers. What a fund of infor¬ time in my life. Already I was in process of con¬ mation he possesses! I sat before him as before juring up some definite reason for my unneces¬ sort of a Delphic oracle, only that he was ex¬ sary presence, reluctant to admit that curiosity tremely natural and spared the mystery stuff. was playing an all too important part. My next step brought me to the office of Consul Once within No. 113 I unconsciously directed Walter A. Leonard, familiarly known as DC-2. myself toward the visitors’ register and inscribed “Wouldn’t you like to go over your economic by name. I was about to exit gracefully, mindful work together ?” asked this live-wire officer. Must of disturbing no one without sufficient cause, when I, I thought, produce my pocket atlas, point out our Secretary-Treasurer, Consul Donald D. Shep¬ Dunkirk on the North Sea, latitude 51° 2’ 59” N., ard, ventured a kindly, “What can I do for you ?” and tell him that it boasts of but 34,748 inhabi¬ Immediately I responded: tants, that the consular district covers but 44 “Oh, I’d like to see Mr. Hengstler, if such a square miles, and that beside my own family there thing is possible.” are only two Americans in the place! Does he “I’m sorry, Mr. Hengstler is away today, but know that I am a mere Class VII, an embryo I am sure Mr. Haven would be pleased to see officer! you,” he rejoined. No, this made no difference to our magnani¬ So I spent some very agreeable moments with mous DC-2. He was there to be of service, and Mr. Haven, who was eager to go out of his way indeed he rendered me such. He introduced me to to secure some detailed information I ventured to a new instruction in process of compilation, and I ask for. Then Mr. Shand, whom I understand was soon actually taking notes on scribbling paper every consular officer makes it a point to see while bearing the caption, Office of the Director of the in Washington, happened to enter. And believe Consular Service. me when I say he was at his best. Undoubtedly this contributed to my courage in Then I was incidentally advised to see Mr. asking Consul Leonard if Ire thought Mr. Carr Tredwell, chairman of the Reception Committee. would accord me a short interview. “Of course, I found him moving office quarters; he was actu¬ he will,” replied DC-2; and I was presently en ally engaged in the work himself, and do you route for the sanctum sanctorum. know, even so, he had a smile of welcome and “May I make an appointment with Mr. Carr found ample time to receive me? I call this the for tomorrow?” I asked the genial young lady in acid test for a reception officer. charge of the ante-room. I next gained the presence of Consul General “Perhaps I can fix you up right away if you are willing to wait a few moments,” she rejoined. were jammed full and that no amount of effort Presently I was ushered in before Mr. Carr could ever establish a place in the front ranks of and was happy to remind him that the last time the profession. All the men that I knew then and we met he was calling me No. 367. looked up to all passed away and the younger men Of course, the wonderful “drawing out” power of ability and strength found themselves in posi¬ of our Director was in evidence; I believe I would tions of leadership in a few years. No young man have divulged the innermost secrets of anybody’s of health has any reason whatever to have mis¬ family skeleton had he chosen to ask me. I mar¬ givings about his future if he is intelligent and in¬ veled at some details of a former post which he so dustrious. His real gauge is his relation to what casually mentioned. Three times I made it easy is being done by his own generation. His genera¬ for Mr. Carr to terminate the interview, yet I was tion will have its day and rule the world, and his permitted to decide for myself the proper time to object should be that with his own generation, by retire. his industry and the use of the ability he has, he Colleagues, having the honor to refer to Circu¬ will always be in the place that he was intended lar Instruction No. 798 and to mention Service to occupy, and that when his generation rules the Spirit, the Department surely rates 100 per cent. world he will be there as one of its chief rulers, Now it becomes our part to reflect this same brand because of his helpful work and influence, and I of esprit de corps. Happily for us, it is most hope you will all be in that class.” contagious, 19 Mr. Carr on What a Consul Does (iContinued' from page 5) departure a bill of health, describing the condition If Consuls possessed no other functions they of the port, vessel, crew, passengers and cargo. would justify the expenditures made for their Many times before issuing a bill of health the maintenance because of their usefulness in con¬ ship must be disinfected, and, as cargo may carry nection with the conduct of our foreign relations, infection of shipments, all merchandise must be in maintaining constant contact with local foreign carefully watched and if necessary disinfection officials, business men and individuals, and in en¬ ordered and supervised. Crews of vessels must lightening the Department of State on matters be required to observe the regulations as to the relating to foreign policy, the protection of Amer¬ sanitary condition of passengers, especially those ican rights and commercial and other opportuni¬ traveling in steerage. All these duties assume ties in foreign lands. Indeed, they are the only great importance during epidemics of cholera, officers of the United States abroad maintaining plague or other contagious or infectious diseases. continuous contact with officials and citizens in Last year Consuls issued 39,366 bills of health. the localities in which they are stationed in the The public health finds further protection at manner in which diplomatic officers maintain con¬ the hands of the Consular Service through the tact with foreign governments at the capital cities. assistance rendered in controlling shipments of These are but a few of the activities of consular impure food and drug products to the United officers which relate more especially to the work States, by the detection of the use of harmful of the Department of State. Every one who has conservatives in manufacture, and misbranding of lived or engaged in business abroad is familiar products, investigation of unsanitary conditions in with the many notarial acts performed by Consuls. foreign factories, and by the verification of the Last year the number reached 235,194. Other declarations which must accompany shipments of functions relate to taking depositions and execut¬ that nature. ing judicial commissions, acting as official wit¬ The duty which has proved of much practical nesses of marriages of Americans abroad, record¬ value in recent years is that of preventing the ing of vital statistics and a multitude of other introduction into the United States of contagious duties a description of which space will not permit. and infectious diseases of cattle, through the Services for the. Treasury Department. supervision of all shipments of hides, cattle and Consular officers render to the Treasury Depart¬ glue stock and insistence upon their disinfection ment conspicuous service, particularly in connec¬ abroad under consular supervision. Last year tion with the protection of the revenue and the pub¬ 4,282 certificates of disinfection were issued by lic health. Part of the machinery for the protec¬ consular officers as evidence of the disinfection of tion of the customs revenue consists in a require¬ shipments in accordance with the laws of the ment of law that the correctness of the invoiced United States. value of merchandise exported to the United In the study of the spread of diseases, in order States shall be certified by consular officers. to safeguard the United States against them, Con¬ 546,239 such invoices were certified by Consuls suls render important service by reporting weekly in 1921 and involved inquiry into the cost of pro¬ upon the sanitary condition of the ports or places duction of the merchandise abroad, the selling at which they may be stationed. Over 13,200 process, the terms of sale and many other factors reports of this nature were made by Consuls dur¬ entering into the assessment of duty at the Ameri¬ ing 1921. The Surgeon General of the Public can port of entry. Certificates required by our Health Service has stated recently that the “func¬ internal revenue laws on the landing of American tioning of the entire consular force in issuing bills merchandise at foreign ports were issued to the of health and forwarding sanitary data is almost number of 2,546. Consuls have materially aided the cornerstone of our quarantine structure.” the Treasury in the collection of income tax from The Veterans’ Bureau of the Treasury Depart¬ Americans residing abroad. One Consul alone ment has found the Consular Service a useful was able to obtain payment of taxes amounting to agency through which to direct the distribution of about $30,000. the benefits of the War Risk Insurance acts to the The protection of the public health of the relatives of the large number of foreign-born United States is one of the most important duties soldiers of the United States Army who reside performed by Consuls at foreign seaports. Every abroad. This work involves the investigation of vessel sailing for a port of the United States must the families of American ex-service men, the dis¬ obtain from the American Consul at the port of tribution of checks, detection of fraudulent claims and other like conditions. The Consul General at Warsaw, for example, has been delivering between 500 and 600 checks each month to beneficiaries residing in Poland, and similar work is done at many other places. Co-operation zvith the Navy. In view of the frequent presence of American naval vessels in foreign waters and the fact that vessels of the Navy are so often called upon by consular officers for protection from temporary local disturbances, the Navy Department has borne for years a most intimate relation to the Foreign Service. During the war Consuls acted as the agents of the Navy Department in foreign countries in the purchase of large quantities of raw material needed in the manufacture of articles for the prosecution of the war. There were pur¬ chases of nitrates from Chile, of tin from Singa¬ pore, of shellac from India, all made and financed by officers of the Consular Service. In times of peace Consuls regularly supply the Navy with hydrographic data, information concerning port rules and foreign harbor and coaling facilities. Consuls render service of much value to the Post Office Department in reporting the misuse of mails, the sending of fraudulent mail matter from foreign countries into the United States, calculated to deceive and defraud our people. They also supply much useful advice in connection with the utility of the parcel post in the promotion of our export trade. While the work of Consuls is mainly of a peace¬ ful character and touches only occasionally the regular duties of the Army, Consuls are of service in supplying much geographical data and in acting as purchasing agents from time to time at ports of the world where Army purchasing agents are not maintained. During the world war American Consuls, like the Consuls of every nation, became intelligence agents, passport control officers, and BOUND FOR THE ORIENT in many other ways gave active assistance in the prosecution of the war. These young gentlemen are going to China and Japan to serve a five-year apprenticeship for the Labor Interests Benefited. Consular Service learning the Chinese and Jap¬ The labor interests of the country also are direct anese languages. D. C. Berger and F. J. Chap¬ beneficiaries of the activities of consular officers, man (seated) and M. M. Hamilton (behind them in that much of the information upon the basis of at left) are now at Peking, while the fourth, L. E. which are compiled the statistics of prices and Salisbury, is pursuing his studies at Tokyo. wages and cost of living throughout the world is supplied by members of the Consular Service. Department of Labor for appropriate action by This information has a distinct and practical bear¬ the immigration officers. ing upon the labor market in this country. More¬ Attempted violations of our laws and treaties over, it is one of the duties of consular officers to prohibiting the admission of Chinese of the labor¬ report attempted violations of the contract labor ing classes have been frequent, and one of the law, which information is communicated to the means of preventing violations of the law, and 21 yet facilitating the entry of Chinese not coming carry on its Division of Foreign Education to give within the scope of the law against Chinese labor, to American schools the benefit of the experience is what is known as the Se:tion 6 certificate issued and researches of the world in the field of educa¬ by consular officers to Chine e persons entitled to tion, and to evaluate in terms of school credits in enter the United States. In 1921 Consuls issued the United States the school credits of students 1,386 of these certificates. from abroad, whose numbers are increasing. Soon after its establishment the Federal Re¬ serve Board sought the assistance of consular Trade Work Well Known. officers in collecting from various parts of the Perhaps the best advertised functions of con¬ world data in regard to prices, exchange and sular officers are those relating to the promotion financial conditions. Much of this information of trade. Great stress has been laid during the reaches the public monthly through the Federal past decade upon this branch of consular activity, Reserve Bulletin, and is proving of great value to and as a result there has been created a great com¬ the financial and business public. mercial intelligence system out of such portions Capturing Criminals. of the time of Consuls as are not required for the Few weeks go by without an attempt of some performance of their other regular functions. violator of our laws to find safety from their For example. Consuls are expected to reply fully operation in some foreign country, necessitating and in a practical manner to inquiries from busi¬ the detention of the offender and his extradition ness men in regard to commercial questions and for trial in our courts. Last year Consuls as¬ the possibility of marketing their products abroad, sisted in 80 cases of extradition of fugitives from to furnish explicit and comprehensive data upon justice. It is likewise part of the duty of a Con¬ the requirements and demands of consumers in sul to send home for trial persons committing the markets of their respective districts, to report upon local trade attributes and pecularities, espe¬ crimes on the high seas upon American merchant vessels. cially as they relate to sales and payments and best It is a common function of consular officers to methods of reaching the markets, and the nature take depositions and execute judicial commissions of the merchandise sold in their districts which for use in the courts of this country. Perhaps can be supplied to good advantage by the United one of the most expensive cases of this descrip¬ States. Consuls replied in 1921 to 82,237 trade tion was that of a suit of a steamship company inquiries. against the Alien Property Custodian, which oc¬ Besides answering these specific inquiries Con¬ cupied part of the time of the Consul General at suls are expected to attach a printed information Copenhagen for 122 days and embraced 3,360 sheet concerning their districts, giving boundaries, pages of testimony, the examination of 15 wit¬ population, tariff provisions, principal products, nesses and involved the payment to the Govern¬ trade tendencies and other facts designed to fur¬ ment of fees in the amount of $4,612. In 1921 nish the American exporter an outline of the prin¬ more than 500 commissions to take testimony were cipal conditions under which his me: chandise is executed. to be sold. Reports upon all phases of trade extension for Here Are Some Varied Duties. 1921 numbered 15,582, all of which were for¬ For many years the Consul has been a sort of warded to the Department of Commerce for pub¬ guardian of the old soldier and has executed pen¬ lication or distribution in some other manner to sion vouchers and acted as a distributor of pension the business men of the country. checks to the veterans of the Civil war residing The Consular Service is more particularly inter¬ abroad. Consuls have also been the officers before ested in obtaining concrete results in trade exten¬ whom inventors executed many of their applica¬ sion work and to that end makes a special effort tions for patents in the United States. They have to gather and report trade opportunities. An supplied the Department of the Interior with geo¬ average of 150 such trade opportunities are re¬ logical data, with information in regard to ceived every month and disseminated to the public mines and mining and with a vast amount of infor¬ through the Department of Commerce. The di¬ mation about educational systems and educational rect result of this service is the sale of millions conditions which has found its way to the public of dollars worth of American goods in foreign through the bulletins of the Bureau of Education. countries. This Bureau finds the information supplied by To illustrate, Frederic W. Goding, Consul Gen¬ consular officers indispensable in enabling it to eral at Guayaquil, reported a trade opportunity _ A,M£RICAK roNSHLAR, JfiUIXBTm involving approximately $1,000,000 which, it is suls are not legally empowered to arbitrate or offi¬ understood, has been awarded to an American cially to settle trade differences between American firm. Philip Holland, Consul at Basel, Switzer¬ and foreign merchants, they have been able land, through his personal efforts succeeded in through their unofficial good offices to assist in having an order for $14,000 worth of shoes placed adjusting thousands of such difficulties. This has with an American firm in competition with foreign been an important factor in aiding American busi¬ houses. Frederick T. F. Dumont, Consul at Dub¬ ness interests in many instances to secure fail- lin, reported the shipment of approximately 35,000 treatment and has assisted materially in maintain¬ tons of American coal to Ireland as the result of ing the prestige of American business abroad. his activities. Dudley G. Dwyre, Consul at Mari- Special credit in this regard may be given to Carl¬ caibo, succeeded in placing several agencies for ton Bailey Hurst, Consul General at Habana, and American goods in Venezuela, one of which re¬ to Arthur C. Frost, Consul at Guatamala, who sulted in an order for ten American automobiles. have adjusted a number of trade controversies. Another officer was fortunate enough to arrange Recently Thomas H. Bevan, Consul at Bahia, a contract between the Government of the country transmitted a draft of several hundred dollars in which he was situated and an American firm for through the Department of State to an American locomotives valued at $2,000,000. These are but firm in settlement of a trade dispute with a Bra¬ a few illustrations of the kind of work done by zilian business house. Consuls in addition to their many other activities. But the right in trade disputes does not always When it is considered that achievements of this lie with the American firm. Recently George H. kind continue from year to year, an idea may be Pickerell, Consul at Para, submitted the complaint gained of the immense value of Consuls in prac¬ of a Brazilian firm that a shipment of American tical trade extension. goods had been unsatisfactory. The American firm upon investigation found that a mistake had Trade Directory of Whole World. been made and a credit of $5,000 was immediately There is still another field in which Consuls extended to the complaining firm, thus enabling have proved serviceable and that is in gathering the exporter to maintain his friendly relations and definite up-to-date information concerning mer¬ carry on his trade in that district. Likewise chants and importers in foreign countries dealing Charles J. Pisar, Vice Consul at Capetown, sub¬ in products which might be supplied by American mitted the complaint of a South African importer, manufacturers. A manufacturer of shoes at Bos¬ of inferior goods shipped by an American house. ton may be selling his product in Valparaiso, Chile, The latter at once sent a new shipment to replace and may desire to discover other shoe dealers in the goods which were the cause of the complaint. Santiago or Concepcion likely to be interested in In all the work in behalf of export trade the American shoes. Fie need only to write to the closest relations exist between the Departments of Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of State and of Commerce, which are seeking so to the Department of Commerce at Washington to utilize not only the Consular Service but the Diplo¬ obtain complete lists of the principal reliable deal¬ matic Service as well to promote in the most effec¬ ers in these other districts, lists which give the tive manner the advancement of American trade. capitalization of the dealers, their nationalities, volume of business and other pertinent details. How Consuls Help the Farmer. Like information in regard to merchants in every The farmer also has an interest in the main¬ city of importance throughout the whole world is tenance of the consular organization. Through available. More than 95 per cent, of these names the Department of Agriculture it supplies him listed in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic with statistics of agricultural production, with Commerce and supplied to American exporters are crop reports, with statistics of prices of agricul¬ furnished through the Department of State by tural products. Furthermore, the Consul acts as American consular officers stationed abroad. From a sort of international policeman in carefully January 1, 1921, to October 20, 1921, Consuls guarding the cattle and other live stock of this supplied no less than 15,270 names of carefully country by preventing the shipment to this coun¬ selected foreign merchants and these World Trade try of diseased hides and safeguarding the orch¬ Directory reports are being constantly revised and ards and nurseries and vineyards by denying per¬ kept thoroughly up to date. mission for the exportation of plants and shrubs A new field of Consular activity is found in from regions infested with insect pests. The the settlement of trade disputes. Although Con¬ service rendered to the farmer and fruit grower 23 by the Consular Service has been incalculable, and sul. Last year-our Consuls discharged 26,713 yet is one of which little is known because it is seamen and shipped 33,464. They reported 3,129 one about which obviously little can be said. who had deserted and 209 who had died. They The work done by Consuls in the discovery of rendered services to 27,837 vessels on entry and new plants for the Department of Agriculture has 27,838 upon clearance. They entered 7,720 ma¬ already been interestingly described in these pages rine and “extended” protests during the year (see the BULLETIN for August, 1921), but it is im¬ 1921, and relieved or sent home 5,197 seamen at a portant nevertheless to give a few illustrations of cost of $214,619.90. Practically ever since the the practical results in this field of activity. For Government has operated vessels in the merchant example, Consul General Scidmore (Yokohama) service consular officers have been called upon to and S. P. Barchet, formerly Interpreter in Shang¬ safeguard the interests of the Government. In hai, contributed collections of soy beans from 1917 they financed all Shipping Board vessels in Korea and China which have played a large part foreign ports, carefully preparing all accounts in the development of that great industry in this covering expenditures. country. Consul Magelssen sent the shoots from Their special care of vessels led to a number of which the date palms are now growing in the annoying incidents in which the Consuls’ value to oases of southern California. Other officers have the Government was clearly shown. For example, sent wild rice, mangoes, new species of walnuts, the Steamship Lake Elkwood reached the port of new varieties of flax, and of grapes and of melons, Rio de Janeiro in a damaged condition and fell many of which under the expert care and distri¬ into the hands of unscrupulous repairers. After bution of the Department of Agriculture have many complications the Consul was called upon added greatly to the material wealth of the country. to remove the master and take over the affairs of The duties connected with shipping were among the vessel. Large sums of money were saved to the earliest with which consular officers were the Government. The Consul’s acts were so vig¬ charged. Indeed, vessels and seamen have from orously resisted by the master and others that the time immemorial been the special care of the Con¬ case was finally brought before a court in the

To the Consular Representatives of the United States: The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company puts at your disposal its services in writing your bond. Special atten¬ tion is given to the requirements of consular officers, our Washington manager, Mr. Lee B. Mosher, having formerly been in the Consular Service. When you have in mind any form of bond, this company will be pleased to write it for you. JOHN R. BLAND, President. UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COMPANY Resources over $34,000,000.00 Washington Branch Office Suite 327, Southern Building, 15th and H Streets, Washington, D. C.

24 AMERICAN ^ONSULA^^nLLETlN (=1

United States, which upheld the Consul. Some time later the same Consul uncovered a conspiracy on the part of the master and chief engineer of another steamer to receive a compara¬ The tively small amount of oil and charge for a much larger amount thereby defrauding the Government of the difference. The conspiracy was reported Underwood and the offenders were brought to justice. The Steamship Poughkeepsie, owned by the is the machine upon Shipping Board, entered Bermuda in distress. The crew demanded discharge and refused to per¬ which all World’s Speed form their duties. The master, unable to cope with the situation, placed the matter in the hands and Accuracy typewriter of the Consul, who held that the crew had con¬ spired to mutiny. He thereupon had them ar¬ records have been estab¬ rested and shipped other men in their places, thus lished. saving the vessel considerable time and expense. The United States Circuit Court of Appeals later confirmed the judgment of the Consul. One of the most recent, as well as one of the most outstanding, contributions of a Consul to the upbuilding of American shipping was that of the Consul at Alexandria, Egypt, Lester Maynard, in connection with the carrying of cotton from Egypt to the United States. Egyptian cotton is an essen¬ tial in the manufacture of automobile tires and the imports into the United States of this product amount to about 125,000 bales annually. British shipping interests had combined some twenty-five years ago to transport all of the exports of Egyp¬ The tian cotton to the United Kingdom as well as to the United States. Therefore, when the new ves¬ sels of our merchant marine began plying into the Underwood port of Alexandria, they found the wharves filled with bales of cotton but all of them invoiced to be is the holder of the ELLIOTT shipped in British vessels. Consul Maynard un¬ CRESON MEDAL for super¬ dertook the task of getting a share of this trans¬ portation for American vessels, and, after con¬ iority of mechanical construc¬ tinued work for more than a year, succeeded in tion. making an arrangement whereby one-half of the Egyptian cotton exported to the United States should be carried in American bottoms. The amount of money which this gives into the hands of American interests for freight alone may reach Underwood as high as half a million dollars, and in addition “The Machine You Will Eventually Buy to this a profitable opportunity is opened for Amer¬ ican marine insurance companies and also to American banking interests. These are some of the ordinary things that a Consul does. The extraordinary things are be¬ Underwood Typewriter Co. yond enumeration or prophecy. A Consul may be, and frequently is, called upon to do anything 1413 New York Ave., N. W. conceivable that no one else has tried or been able WASHINGTON, D. C. to do. And the essence of the matter is that he does it. 25 When You Are On Leave

ONC ENT RATE the contentment of your Washington sojourn. Here is the social focus of diplomatic and official Washington. Make your stay where elegance and cuisine conspire for your comfort—at the a O

15th and H Streets, N. W.

Capital $1,000,000 Surplus $2,000,000 The Riggs National Bank Washington, D. C. Letters of Credit Cable Transfers Travelers Checks Savings Department Foreign Exchange Bought and Sold

OFFICERS CHARLES C. GLOVER, Chairman of the Board MILTON E. AILES, President WILLIAM J. FLATHER, CHARLES C. GLOVER, JR., Vice President Vice President JOSHUA EVANS, JR., AVON M. NEVIUS, Vice President Assistant Cashier ROBERT V. FLEMING, GEORGE O. VASS, Vice President and Cashier Assistant Cashier FRANK J. HOGAN, Trust Officer EARLE M. AMICK, Auditor DIRECTORS CHARLES C. GLOVER STERLING RUFFIN FLEMING NEWBOLD WILLIAM J. FLATHER CHARLES CARROLL GLOVER, JR. JAMES MARION JOHNSTON, JR MILTON E. AILES L KEMP DUVAL C. POWELL MINNIGERODE H. ROZIER DULANY LOUIS E. JEFFRIES WILLIAM M. RITTER CHARLES I. CORBY JOHN S. LARCOMBE HARRY F. CLARK ROBERT C. WILKINS HENRY B. SPENCER FRANK J. HOGAN JULIUS GARFINICLE 1836- —1922

26

J ADVICE TO TRAVELERS

OUR advice to travelers will be safe and wise if it leads to voyages by the White Star Line, the Red Star Line, the American Line or their asso¬ ciates in the American-owned International Mercantile Marine Company. Among the 120 ships of this company are many known the world over for their size and beauty. Whether in first cabin, second, or third class, the traveler on our ships secures the utmost in ocean comfort. The year 1922 is notable in trans-Atlantic travel for the addition of two superb new ocean giants to the White Star Line’s New York-Cherbourg-Southampton de luxe service—the Majestic, the world’s largest ship, and the Homeric, which with the world-famous Olympic form a magnificent trio, operated in accordance with tradition of highest excellence that characterizes this old and popular line. The White Star has also inaugurated this year a four-ship schedule between New York and Liverpool, with weekly sailings by the Adriatic, Baltic, Cedric, Cel¬ tic, all huge vessels of great popularity, offering an unexcelled service. In services to English'channel and Continental ports, the American Line and Red Star Line—with a background of more than 50 years of popularity—main¬ tain frequent and regular sailings, with fine large ships of distinctive character, offering a maximum of solid comfort at reasonable rates. These lines also operate a world-wide freight service noted for efficiency. High classification of their ships obtains lowest insurance rates for shippers and their dependability and regularity of sailings gives perfect satisfaction. Passenger and freight sailings are frequent on the following routes: WHITE STAR RED STAR LINE New York to Cherbourg and South¬ New York to Plymouth, Cherbourg, ampton Antwerp New York to Liverpool New York and Boston to Azores, Gi¬ AMERICAN LINE braltar, Naples and Genoa' New York to Hamburg via Cherbourg Philadelphia to Liverpool WHITE STAR-DOMINION LEYLAND LINE Portland, Me., and Halifax to Liver¬ Boston to Liverpool pool New Orleans to Liverpool ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE New York-London (Passenger Service to Be Resumed) International Mercantile Marine Co. Largest American Steamship Company—120 Ships, 1,300,000 Tons 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK AND PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE WORLD

jiiiiiiiimimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiimiiiiimmiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii, i jiiiiiaiaBui22i;ii.i;sE2i«ui(iS2iii8iiaiBiiiiiiiiiiiiiimni jiiiiillllllllllllllliiiiiMiiiiiiiiiililliliiiiMiiiiiHiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiinliliiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiimiliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllfiiiiiiiK.' Under theDirectionofL.M.Boomer. Aristocrat American ExpressCompanybuilding,6Haymarket, London,and11 of Hotels Rue Scribe,Paris.Anyofyourfriendstraveling viathesecitiesmay The perhaps findtheseofficesaconvenience. your co-operation. arrival. Waldorf-Astoria HotelMcAlpin tion andgivingnameofsteamersothatwemaymeetguestsupontheir necessary; or,ifyouwish,maycableuscollectmakingreserva¬ sideration toforeignguestsyoumaysendus. and standreadytoco-operatewithyoubygivingspecialcarecon¬ MR. CONSUL: foreigners youmayknowwhoarecomingtoNewYork. We maintaintwoEuropeanofficesandreading roomsinthe A letterofintroductiontoeitherourhotelswillbeallthatis We, too,realizethespecialattentionrequisitetotheircomfort Naturally youareinterestedinthecomfortandwelfareofany It isoursinceredesiretobeofhelpfulserviceandwehopehave New York and Comfort of Convenience The Hotel