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PHYLOGENY of the FAMILY LIPARIDIDAE, with the TAXONOMY of the SPECIES FOUND AROUND Title JAPAN

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PHYLOGENY of the FAMILY LIPARIDIDAE, with the TAXONOMY of the SPECIES FOUND AROUND Title JAPAN PHYLOGENY OF THE FAMILY LIPARIDIDAE, WITH THE TAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES FOUND AROUND Title JAPAN Author(s) KIDO, Kaoru Citation MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF FISHERIES HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 35(2), 125-256 Issue Date 1988-12 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/21885 Type bulletin (article) File Information 35(2)_P125-256.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP PHYLOGENY OF THE FAMilY lIPARIDIDAE, WITH THE TAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES FOUND AROUND JAPAN By Kaoru Kmo Laboratory of Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan Contents Page I. Introduction ............................................................ 127 II. Materials................................................................ 127 III. Methods................................................................ 129 IV. Systematic procedures .................................................... 130 V. Comparative anatomy and discussion ...................................... 131 1. Cranium ....................................................... .-.... 131 2. Infraorbital bones .................................................. 138 3. Jaws .............................................................. 139 4. Suspensorium and opercular apparatus ................................ 140 5. Hyoid arch ........................................................ 144 6. Branchial apparatus ................................................ 145 7. Pectoral girdle ...................................................... 148 8. Pelvic girdle . .. 150 9. Vertebrae and their accessory bones. .. 152 10. Dorsal and anal fins ................................................ 153 11. Caudal complex .................................................... 154 12. Others.............................................................. 157 VI. Phylogeny of the Liparididae .... .. 158 1. Monophyly of the Lparididae ........................................ 158 2. Relationships within the Liparididae .................................. 158 3. Classification........................................................ 163 VII. Taxonomy of the liparidid fishes found around Japan ........................ 164 1. Key to subfamilies .................................................. 164 2. Subfamily Liparidinae .............................................. 164 3. Key to genera of Liparidinae ........................................ 164 4. Genus Liparis Scopoli. .. 165 5. Key to species of Liparis ............................................ 165 Liparis burkei (Jordan et Thompson) ................................ 166 Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka) ...................................... 168 The present work was submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor's degree in Fisheries Science at Rokkaido University in 1988. Present address: Ishikawa Prefectural Fisheries High School, 106-7 Ushitsu, Noto-machi, Fugeshi-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture 927-04, Japan. -125- Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. [XXXV, 2 Liparis bikunin Matsubara et I wai .................................. 171 Liparis miostomus Matsubara et Iwai ................................ 172 Liparis frenatus (Gilbert et Burke) .................................. 174 Liparis tessellatus (Gilbert et Burke) ................................ 176 Liparis oclwtensis Schmidt. .. 178 Liparis latifrons Schmidt .......................................... 182 Liparis agassizii Putnam .......................................... 185 Liparis tanakai (Gilbert et Burke) .................................. 187 Liparis owstoni (Jordan et Snyder) .................................. 189 6. Genus Crystallichthys Jordan et Gilbert ................................ 190 Crystallichthys matsushimae (Jordan et Snyder) ...................... 190 7. Genus Careproctus Kr¢yer ............................................ 192 8. Key to species of Careproctus ........................................ 193 Careproctus dentatus sp. nov. ..................................... 194 Careproctus jordani Burke. .. 197 Careproctus rlwdomelas Gilbert et Burke ............................. 198 Careproctus marginatus sp. nov. .................................... 200 Careproctus segaliensis Gilbert et Burke .. .. 202 Careproctus sinensis Gilbert et Burke ................................ 203 Careproctus lwmopterus Gilbert et Burke ............................ 205 Careproctus mederi Schmidt ........................................ 206 Careproctus macrodiscus Schmidt .................................... 208 Careproctus bathycoetus Gilbert et Burke ............................ 210 Careproctus furcellus Gilbert et Burke ................................ 211 Careproctus cypselurus (Jordan et Gilbert) ............................ 213 Careproctus cyclocephalus Kido ...................................... 215 Careproctus rastrinus Gilbert et Burke .............................. 217 Careproctus trachysoma Gilbert et Burke ............................ 220 Careproctus nigricans Schmidt ...................................... 222 Careproctus colletti Gilbert. .. 224 Careproctus roseofuscus Gilbert et Burke ............................. 227 9. Genus Paraliparis Collett ............................................ 229 10. Key to species of Paraliparis ......................................... 230 Paraliparis barbulifer (Gilbert) ...................................... 231 Paraliparis nanus (Gilbert) ........................................ 232 Paraliparis mandibularis Kido . .. 234 Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert ........................................ 235 Paraliparis atramentatus Gilbert et Burke. .. 237 Paraliparis grandis Schmidt ........................................ 238 Paraliparis meridionalis Kido ...................................... 240 Paraliparis dipterus sp. nov. ........................................ 242 Paraliparis entochloris Gilbert et Burke .............................. 243 Paraliparis melanobranchus Gilbert et Burke ......................... 244 11. Subfamily Nectoliparidinae .......................................... 245 12. Genus Nectoliparis Gilbert et Burke .................................. 245 Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert et Burke .............................. 246 13. Doubtful species .................................................... 247 Liparis sarasa (Tanaka) . .. 247 Liparis furcatus (Mori) ............................................ 247 vm. Summary . .. 248 IX. Acknowledgments........................................................ 248 X. Literature cited. .. 249 -126- 1988J KIDO: Liparidid phylogeny and taxonomy I. Introduction The fishes of the family Liparididae constitute a large group within the order Scorpaeniformes, including about 200 species in 19 genera. They are abundant in the North Pacific, North Atlantic and Antarctic, and inhabit from tidal zone to hadal zone over 7000 m (Andriashev, 1955, 1975; Rass, 1958). Most species are benthic with exceptions of some benthopelagic or pelagic species (Schmidt, 1950; Stein, 1978a; Peden, 1981). The phylogeny of the liparidid fishes has never been studied except for Burke (1930) who discussed the relationships of the genera mainly on the basis of several external characters. The osteological studies have been made by several authors (e.g., Garman, 1982; Ueno, 1970; Andriashev et al., 1977; Andriashev, 1986), but those were very fragmentary. Though Able and McAllister (1980) and Andriashev (1986) discussed and suggested the polarities of external and meristic characters, they did not propose any phylogenetic relationships. As a result, Burke's view has been generally accepted in spite of vast addition of species since then. This family has been often treated as a subfamily included in the Cyclopter­ idae. Nelson (1976) established the subfamily Rhodichthyinae within the Cyclopteridae, but later he reduced it to tribal level within the subfamily Liparid­ inae in 1984. In recent years, Yabe (1985) suggested that the liparidid and cyclopterid fishes form a sister group of the superfamily Cottoidea. The Japanese liparidid fishes had been taxonomically studied by Jordan and Snyder (1902), Schmidt (1904a), Gilbert and Burke (1912b), Jordan and Thompson (1914) and Tanaka (1916). Burke (1930) made the most extensive revisional study of this family, including 114 species in 13 genera known up to that time from the world. On the basis of Burke's study, Okada and Matsubara (1938) gave a key to 38 species in 7 genera recorded from waters around Japan. Matsubara (1955) presented a key to 51 species in 8 genera of liparidid fishes from around Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas by adding new species described by Soldatov and Lindberg (1930), Abe (1950), Schmidt (1950) and Matsubara and Iwai (1954). More recently, based on Schmidt's manuscript, Krasyukova (1984) described 8 new species from the Japan and Okhotsk Seas. However, these studies were less than satisfactory, because many species were established on the basis of modest differences and limited speci­ mens of small areas and are inadequately described with including many errors. The purposes of this study are to demonstrate the monophyly of the family Liparididae, to clarify the outline of liparidid phylogeny by using internal and external characters on the basis of materials from the Northern Hemisphere, and to resolve the taxonomic problems of liparidids found from waters around Japan. II. Materials The specimens examined for this study are deposited in the following institu­ tions: Department of Zoology,
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