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Required Determinations Endangered Species Act. We published and upon request from the Missouri a notice outlining our reasons for this Ecological Services Field Office (see FOR Clarity of the Rule determination in the Federal Register FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). We are required by Executive Orders on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). 12866 and 12988 and by the Authors Presidential Memorandum of June 1, Government-to-Government The primary authors of this proposed 1998, to write all rules in plain Relationship With Tribes rule are the staff members of the language. This means that each rule we In accordance with the President’s Service’s Midwest Regional Office. publish must: memorandum of April 29, 1994 (1) Be logically organized; (Government-to-Government Relations List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 (2) Use the active voice to address with Native American Tribal Endangered and threatened species, readers directly; Governments; 59 FR 22951), Executive Exports, Imports, Reporting and (3) Use clear language rather than Order 13175 (Consultation and recordkeeping requirements, jargon; Coordination With Indian Tribal Transportation. (4) Be divided into short sections and Governments), and the Department of Proposed Regulation Promulgation sentences; and the Interior’s manual at 512 DM 2, we (5) Use lists and tables wherever readily acknowledge our responsibility Accordingly, we propose to amend possible. to communicate meaningfully with part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title If you feel that we have not met these recognized Federal Tribes on a 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, requirements, send us comments by one government-to-government basis. In as set forth below: of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To accordance with Secretarial Order 3206 better help us revise the rule, your of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal PART 17—ENDANGERED AND comments should be as specific as Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS possible. For example, you should tell Responsibilities, and the Endangered ■ us the numbers of the sections or Species Act), we readily acknowledge 1. The authority citation for part 17 paragraphs that are unclearly written, our responsibilities to work directly continues to read as follows: which sections or sentences are too with tribes in developing programs for Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 1531– long, the sections where you feel lists or healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge that 1544; and 4201–4245, unless otherwise tables would be useful, etc. tribal lands are not subject to the same noted. controls as Federal public lands, to ■ National Environmental Policy Act 2. Amend § 17.11(h) by adding an remain sensitive to Indian culture, and entry for ‘‘Hellbender, eastern [Missouri We have determined that to make information available to tribes. DPS]’’ to the List of Endangered and environmental assessments and We have no records of the Missouri DPS Threatened Wildlife in alphabetical environmental impact statements, as of the eastern hellbender occurring on order under AMPHIBIANS to read as set defined under the authority of the tribal lands. forth below: National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), need not References Cited § 17.11 Endangered and threatened be prepared in connection with listing A complete list of references cited in wildlife. a species as an endangered or this proposed rule is available on the * * * * * threatened species under the internet at http://www.regulations.gov (h) * * *

Common name Scientific name Where listed Status Listing citations and applicable rules

******* AMPHIBIANS

******* Hellbender, eastern [Missouri DPS] ... Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Missouri ...... E [Federal Register citation when pub- alleganiensis. lished as a final rule.]

*******

Dated: March 27, 2019. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACTION: Notice of 12-month petition Margaret E. Everson, findings. Principal Deputy Director, Exercising the Fish and Wildlife Service Authority of the Director, for the U.S. Fish SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and and Wildlife Service. 50 CFR Part 17 Wildlife Service (Service), announce 12- [FR Doc. 2019–06536 Filed 4–3–19; 8:45 am] month findings on petitions to list eight BILLING CODE 4333–15–P [4500090022] species as endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Act of 1973, as amended (Act). After a and Plants; 12-Month Findings on thorough review of the best available Petitions To List Eight Species as scientific and commercial information, Endangered or Threatened Species we find that it is not warranted at this time to list the Arkansas mudalia, ashy AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, darter, Barrens darter, Chihuahua Interior. scurfpea, coldwater crayfish, Eleven

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Point River crayfish, Spring River of any of the species mentioned above ADDRESSES: Detailed descriptions of the crayfish, and red-crowned parrot. or their habitats. basis for each of these findings are However, we ask the public to submit to available on the internet at http:// DATES: us at any time any new information that The findings in this document www.regulations.gov under the becomes available relevant to the status were made on April 4, 2019. following docket numbers:

Species Docket No.

Arkansas mudalia ...... FWS–R4–ES–2019–0003 Ashy darter ...... FWS–R4–ES–2018–0059 Barrens darter ...... FWS–R4–ES–2018–0060 Chihuahua scurfpea ...... FWS–R2–ES–2018–0061 Coldwater crayfish, Eleven Point River crayfish, and Spring River crayfish ...... FWS–R3–ES–2019–0002 Red-crowned parrot ...... FWS–R2–ES–2018–0063

Supporting information used to specified under FOR FURTHER under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION prepare these findings is available for INFORMATION CONTACT. Please submit any CONTACT. public inspection, by appointment, new information, materials, comments, during normal business hours, by or questions concerning these findings FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: contacting the appropriate person, as to the appropriate person, as specified

Species Contact information

Arkansas mudalia ...... Melvin Tobin, Field Supervisor, Arkansas Ecological Services Field Of- fice, 501–513–4473. Ashy darter ...... Michelle Eversen, Area Supervisor, Ecological Services Field Office, 404–679–4108. Barrens darter ...... Warren Stiles, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, Tennessee Ecological Serv- ices Field Office, 931–528–6481. Chihuahua scurfpea ...... Mark W. Horner, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, New Mexico Ecological Services Field Office, 505–761–4723. Coldwater crayfish, Eleven Point River crayfish, and Spring River cray- Karen Herrington, Field Supervisor, Missouri Ecological Services Field fish. Office, 573–234–2132, ext. 166. Red-crowned parrot ...... Gretchen E. Nareff, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, Texas Coastal Ecologi- cal Services Field Office, 361–225–7318.

If you use a telecommunications requires that we treat a petition for (A) The present or threatened device for the deaf (TDD), please call the which the requested action is found to destruction, modification, or Federal Relay Service at 800–877–8339. be warranted but precluded as though curtailment of its habitat or range; SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: resubmitted on the date of such finding, (B) Overutilization for commercial, that is, requiring that a subsequent recreational, scientific, or educational Background finding be made within 12 months of purposes; We are required to make a finding that date. We must publish these 12- (C) Disease or predation; whether or not the petitioned action is month findings in the Federal Register. (D) The inadequacy of existing warranted within 12 months after regulatory mechanisms; or receiving any petition we determined Summary of Information Pertaining to (E) Other natural or manmade factors contained substantial scientific or the Five Factors affecting its continued existence. commercial information indicating that In considering whether a species may the petitioned action may be warranted Section 4 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533) meet the definition of an endangered (section 4(b)(3)(B) of the Act (16 U.S.C. and the implementing regulations at species or a threatened species because 1531 et seq.)) (‘‘12-month finding’’). We part 424 of title 50 of the Code of of any of the five factors, we must look must make a finding that the petitioned Federal Regulations (50 CFR part 424) beyond the mere exposure of the species action is: (1) Not warranted; (2) set forth procedures for adding species to the stressor to determine whether the warranted; or (3) warranted but to, removing species from, or species responds to the stressor in a way precluded. ‘‘Warranted but precluded’’ reclassifying species on the Lists. The that causes actual impacts to the means that (a) the petitioned action is Act defines ‘‘endangered species’’ as species. If there is exposure to a stressor, warranted, but the immediate proposal any species that is in danger of but no response, or only a positive of a regulation implementing the extinction throughout all or a significant response, that stressor does not cause a petitioned action is precluded by other portion of its range (16 U.S.C. 1532(6)), species to meet the definition of an pending proposals to determine whether and ‘‘threatened species’’ as any species endangered species or a threatened species are endangered or threatened that is likely to become an endangered species. If there is exposure and the species, and (b) expeditious progress is species within the foreseeable future species responds negatively, we being made to add qualified species to throughout all or a significant portion of determine whether that stressor drives the Lists of Endangered and Threatened its range (16 U.S.C. 1532(20)). Under or contributes to the risk of extinction Wildlife and Plants (Lists) and to section 4(a)(1) of the Act, a species may of the species such that the species remove from the Lists species for which be determined to be an endangered warrants listing as an endangered or the protections of the Act are no longer species or a threatened species because threatened species. The mere necessary. Section 4(b)(3)(C) of the Act of any of the following five factors: identification of stressors that could

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affect a species negatively is not endangered or threatened species under Forest Service land, where pressures sufficient to compel a finding that the Act. On September 27, 2011, we from habitat modification and listing is or remains warranted. For a published a 90-day finding in the degradation are minimal. In addition, species to be listed or remain listed, we Federal Register (76 FR 59836), the species is well represented in the require evidence that these stressors are concluding that the petition presented White River watershed, existing in the operative threats to the species and its substantial information indicating the North Fork White River watershed with habitat, either singly or in combination, Arkansas mudalia may warrant listing. multiple populations spread throughout to the point that the species meets the This document constitutes the 12-month the main stem North Fork River and definition of an endangered or a finding on the April 20, 2010, petition some tributaries. Therefore, a single threatened species under the Act. to list the Arkansas mudalia under the catastrophic event is unlikely to In conducting our evaluation of the Act. extirpate all populations within this five factors provided in section 4(a)(1) of Summary of Finding watershed, and recolonization would the Act to determine whether the likely be possible. Arkansas mudalia (Leptoxis The Arkansas mudalia is a freshwater For these reasons, we find that these arkansensis), ashy darter ( snail. Its body is dark orange mottled stressors do not, alone or in cinereum), Barrens darter (Etheostoma with black and ranges in size from 7.9 combination, rise to a level that causes forbesi), Pediomelum pentaphyllum to 12.2 millimeters (0.3 to 0.5 inches). this species to meet the definition of an (Chihuahua scurfpea), coldwater Although information on its life cycle is endangered species or a threatened crayfish (Faxonius eupunctus), Eleven limited, individuals likely live for 2 species. Therefore, we find that listing Point River crayfish (Faxonius wagneri), years and reproduce only once before the Arkansas mudalia as an endangered Spring River crayfish (Faxonius roberti), death. Reproduction occurs during the species or threatened species is not and red-crowned parrot (Amazona spring through midsummer, and warranted. A detailed discussion of the viridigenalis) meet the definition of individuals need a hard, clean substrate basis for this finding can be found in the ‘‘endangered species’’ or ‘‘threatened on which to lay eggs. Arkansas mudalia species assessment species,’’ we considered and thoroughly The Arkansas mudalia is endemic to form and other supporting documents the White River and its tributaries in evaluated the best scientific and (see ADDRESSES, above). commercial information available Arkansas and Missouri. The species Ashy Darter regarding the past, present, and future inhabits medium- to large-sized rivers in areas of relatively fast current with stressors and threats. We reviewed the Previous Federal Actions course rocky substrate. The dispersal of petitions, information available in our the Arkansas mudalia is slow and On April 20, 2010, we received a files, and other available published and restricted. Like most freshwater snails, petition from the Center for Biological unpublished information. These individuals likely move much less than Diversity, Alabama Rivers Alliance, evaluations may include information 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) per year. Clinch Coalition, Dogwood Alliance, from recognized experts; Federal, State, Therefore, to maintain genetic diversity Gulf Restoration Network, Tennessee and tribal governments; academic and reduce the risk of extirpation, it is Forests Council, and West Virginia institutions; foreign governments; beneficial for multiple populations to Highlands Conservancy to list 404 private entities; and other members of exist in close proximity to facilitate aquatic, riparian, and wetland species, the public. mixing and recolonization. including the ashy darter, as endangered The species assessment forms for the We have carefully assessed the best or threatened species under the Act. On Arkansas mudalia, ashy darter, Barrens scientific and commercial information September 27, 2011, we published a 90- darter, Chihuahua scurfpea, coldwater regarding the past, present, and future day finding in the Federal Register (76 crayfish, Eleven Point River crayfish, threats to the Arkansas mudalia, and we FR 59836), concluding that the petition Spring River crayfish, and red-crowned evaluated all relevant factors under the presented substantial information parrot contain more detailed biological five listing factors, including any indicating that listing the ashy darter information, a thorough analysis of the regulatory mechanisms and may be warranted. This notice listing factors, and an explanation of conservation measures addressing these constitutes the 12-month finding on the why we determined that these species stressors. The primary stressors are April 20, 2010, petition to list the ashy do not meet the definition of an those related to water quality, including darter under the Act. endangered species or a threatened impoundments, contaminants, species. This supporting information sedimentation, reduced range or Summary of Finding can be found on the internet at http:// isolation, and climate change. The ashy darter is a fish in the family www.regulations.gov under the We found that the Arkansas mudalia that is endemic to the appropriate docket number (see is extant at 13 of 19 historically known Tennessee River system in Alabama, ADDRESSES, above). The following are sites spread through five tributaries of Georgia, Tennessee, and Virginia. The informational summaries for each of the the White River drainage. Since 2005, ashy darter is large relative to most findings in this document. several new populations have been other darter species, attaining a Arkansas Mudalia discovered outside the historical range, maximum total length of about 100 indicating that the current range is millimeters (3.9 inches). Normal life Previous Federal Actions larger than previously thought, although span for the ashy darter is 3 to 4 years, On April 20, 2010, we received a the populations are now isolated from and spawning occurs from January to petition from the Center for Biological those in other tributaries. Despite mid-April. The primary prey items of Diversity, Alabama Rivers Alliance, historical habitat modification and the ashy darter are midge larvae, Clinch Coalition, Dogwood Alliance, destruction from dams, which led to burrowing mayfly larvae, and Gulf Restoration Network, Tennessee extirpation of some populations, extant oligochaete worms. Forests Council, and West Virginia populations appear sufficiently resilient The ashy darter occurs in medium- Highlands Conservancy to list 404 to natural stochastic events as long as sized streams with silt-free substrates. aquatic, riparian, and wetland species, suitable habitat remains. Four newly These are typically clear, cool- to warm- including the Arkansas mudalia, as discovered populations occur on U.S. water streams with a moderate gradient.

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The ashy darter tends to occupy depths can be found in the ashy darter species Three populations currently have of 1.6 to 6.6 feet (0.5 to 2 meters) in assessment form and other supporting moderate to high resiliency, while two areas of bedrock or clean gravel documents (see ADDRESSES, above). have low resiliency due to a substrate with rocks and boulders. In combination of factors, including Barrens Darter the upper Tennessee River system, the presence of or close proximity to fringed species occupies backwater or pool Previous Federal Actions darters, low approximate abundance, habitats with slab rocks containing a On April 20, 2010, we received a and reduced habitat and water quality. slight layer of silt. The ashy darter has petition from the Center for Biological We conclude that stressors related to been found in close proximity to or Diversity, Alabama Rivers Alliance, habitat quality (e.g., sedimentation, underneath boulders and in or near beds Clinch Coalition, Dogwood Alliance, scouring or loss of slabrock cobble from of water willow. the streambed) will likely impact the We have carefully assessed the best Gulf Restoration Network, Tennessee Forests Council, and West Virginia species in the future; however, the scientific and commercial information overall condition of the species is not regarding the past, present, and future Highlands Conservancy to list 404 aquatic, riparian, and wetland species, predicted to change significantly from threats to the ashy darter, and we these impacts within the foreseeable evaluated all relevant factors under the including the Barrens darter, as endangered or threatened species under future. five listing factors, including any We find that the stressors acting on regulatory mechanisms and the Act. On September 27, 2011, we published a 90-day finding in the the species and its habitat, either singly conservation measures addressing these or in combination, are not of sufficient stressors. The primary stressors are Federal Register (76 FR 59836), concluding that the petition presented imminence, intensity, or magnitude to impoundments, physical habitat indicate that the species meets the disturbance, contaminants, substantial information indicating that listing the Barrens darter may be definition of an endangered species or a sedimentation, reduced range, and threatened species throughout all or a climate change. warranted. This notice constitutes the 12-month finding on the April 20, 2010, significant portion of its range. The ashy darter is present in six Therefore, we find that listing the tributaries to the Tennessee River, petition to list the Barrens darter under the Act. Barrens darter as endangered or which are isolated from one another by threatened is not warranted. A detailed large impoundments. Currently, the Summary of Finding discussion of the basis for this finding species has two populations with high The Barrens darter is a small, drab, can be found in the Barrens darter resilience (referring to the species’ species assessment form and other ability to withstand environmental or benthic fish, with a maximum length of 97 millimeters (3.8 inches). The species supporting documents (see ADDRESSES, demographic stochastic disturbance), above). three populations with moderate is highly endemic, with a very narrow resilience, and one that has unknown distribution in Middle Tennessee in the Chihuahua Scurfpea headwaters of the Collins River, which resilience. Two populations that have Previous Federal Actions been extirpated since around 1854 and is a tributary of the Caney Fork River in 1953. We estimate that the ashy darter the Cumberland River Drainage. It is On June 25, 2007, we received a has a medium adaptive potential (or restricted to small headwater streams, petition from WildEarth Guardians representation) and despite the isolation although it may disperse to other (then Forest Guardians) to list 475 of populations, the species’ headwater habitats via larger species in the southwestern United representation has been strengthened by downstream reaches. States, including Chihuahua scurfpea, its expansion in the Clinch River, and Slabrock cobble substrate provides as endangered or threatened under the continues to be supported by its cover for all life stages and is an Act. On October 15, 2008, we received widespread occurrence and persistence important habitat feature for spawning, an additional petition from WildEarth throughout most of its historical range. which occurs in April and May. During Guardians requesting that we list The ashy darter has multiple the spawning season, Barrens darters Chihuahua scurfpea, specifically, as populations occurring over a wide congregate in shallow riffle and run endangered or threatened. On December extent across the Tennessee River areas with roughly 4- to 12-inch slab 16, 2009, we published a 90-day finding watershed, in the Upper Tennessee, Elk rock cobble with cavities underneath. in the Federal Register (74 FR 66866) in River, and Duck River management The species has a life span of which we determined that the petitions units, and all physiographic provinces approximately 3 years. presented substantial scientific and where the species is native. The ashy We have carefully assessed the best commercial information indicating that darter has medium redundancy scientific and commercial information listing Chihuahua scurfpea may be (referring to the species’ ability to regarding the past, present, and future warranted. This notice constitutes the withstand catastrophic events) because threats to the Barrens darter, and we 12-month finding on the June 25, 2007, it maintains all but two historical evaluated all relevant factors under the and October 15, 2008, petitions to list populations. five listing factors, including any Chihuahua scurfpea under the Act. Overall, we find that the stressors regulatory mechanisms and acting on the species and its habitat, conservation measures addressing these Summary of Finding either singly or in combination, are not stressors. The primary stressors are Chihuahua scurfpea is a perennial of sufficient imminence, intensity, or water pollution, sedimentation, herb in the legume family that grows to magnitude to indicate that the species hybridization with the fringed darter, approximately 25 centimeters (9.8 meets the definition of an endangered and effects of climate change. inches) in height. Flowers are pea-like species or a threatened species The historical range of Barrens darter with purple and white petals, and the throughout all or a significant portion of populations is small and has been fruit is a small pod 7 to 8 millimeters its range. Therefore, we find that listing reduced by the loss of two of seven (0.28 to 0.31 inches) long. The species the ashy darter as endangered or populations. Species’ redundancy and was known to occur historically in New threatened is not warranted. A detailed representation have always been low Mexico; Arizona; Chihuahua, Mexico; discussion of the basis for this finding and are likely the natural condition. and possibly western Texas. It is known

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currently from southwestern New Coldwater Crayfish, Eleven Point River and conservation measures addressing Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Crayfish, Spring River Crayfish these stressors. The primary stressors affecting the coldwater crayfish, Eleven The species occurs in deserts and Previous Federal Actions Point River crayfish, and Spring River xeric shrublands of the Apache On April 20, 2010, we received a Highlands and Chihuahuan Desert crayfish include displacement by petition from the Center for Biological invasive crayfish species and degraded ecoregions. Chihuahua scurfpea is Diversity, Alabama Rivers Alliance, water quality (including, but not limited found in areas of deep, sandy soils, Clinch Coalition, Dogwood Alliance, to, sedimentation). occupying areas of bare ground between Gulf Restoration Network, Tennessee Despite impacts from these stressors desert shrubs. Average annual Forests Council, and West Virginia and some decline in abundance, the precipitation in these regions is Highlands Conservancy to list 404 species have maintained resilient approximately 382 millimeters (15 aquatic, riparian, and wetland species, populations over time. Although we inches), with 50 percent of precipitation including the coldwater crayfish, as predict some continued impacts from occurring during the North American endangered or threatened species under these stressors in the future, we monsoon season. For much of the year, the Act. On September 27, 2011, we anticipate these species will continue to Chihuahua scurfpea exists below published a 90-day finding in the have resilient populations that are ground as a dormant tuber-like taproot, Federal Register (76 FR 59836), distributed widely throughout their which fosters some degree of drought concluding that the petition presented ranges. tolerance. In spring and again during the substantial information indicating the For these reasons, we find that these monsoon season (July to August), ample coldwater crayfish may warrant listing. stressors do not, alone or in precipitation stimulates aboveground Subsequently, a genetic and combination, rise to a level that causes morphological study found that the emergence, beginning the reproductive these species to meet the definition of coldwater crayfish is actually a taxon cycle. Spring flowering occurs primarily an endangered species or a threatened composed of three species: The in April and May, and monsoon species. Therefore, we find that listing coldwater crayfish, Eleven Point River the coldwater crayfish, Eleven Point flowering occurs mainly in July and crayfish, and Spring River crayfish. August. River crayfish, and Spring River crayfish Therefore, we decided to evaluate the as an endangered species or threatened We evaluated all relevant stressors status of all three species. This species is not warranted. A detailed under the five factors, including any document constitutes the 12-month discussion of the basis for this finding regulatory mechanisms and finding on the April 20, 2010, petition can be found in the coldwater crayfish, conservation measures addressing these to list the coldwater crayfish under the Eleven Point River crayfish, and Spring stressors. The primary stressors include Act. River crayfish species assessment forms herbicide used for grassland restoration, Summary of Finding and other supporting documents (see decreased precipitation from climate ADDRESSES, above). The coldwater crayfish, Eleven Point change, and surface disturbance. We River crayfish, and Spring River crayfish Red-Crowned Parrot find that although the herbicide are small, stout crayfish with blue-green Previous Federal Actions Tebuthiuron is toxic to Chihuahua heads and pincers, and reddish-brown scurfpea, individuals and populations thoraxes and abdomens. Adults are 30.5 On January 29, 2008, we received a are capable of survival after herbicide to 71.1 millimeters (1.2 to 2.8 inches) petition from Friends of treatment, provided there is sufficient long, with males and females generally requesting that we list 14 parrot species, precipitation. We assessed projected similar in size. These crayfish species including the red-crowned parrot, as changes in precipitation due to climate inhabit large, cold, clear permanent endangered or threatened species under change and found that projected streams with strong, fast-flowing the Act. On July 14, 2009, we published precipitation levels are anticipated to be currents. The coldwater crayfish and a 90-day finding in the Federal Register sufficient for the species’ needs, Eleven Point River crayfish also inhabit (74 FR 33957) in which we determined including following potential impacts pools, while the Spring River crayfish is that the petition presented substantial from Tebuthiuron application. most commonly found in riffle areas scientific and commercial information Regarding surface disturbance, none of with substrate of cobble and gravel. All to indicate that listing the red-crowned the potential sources of disturbance was three species are found primarily in parrot may be warranted. On October 6, found to occur at levels that would large order, spring-fed streams with high 2011, we published a 12-month finding impact populations now or in the velocities. in the Federal Register (76 FR 62016) in foreseeable future. The three crayfish species are found which we stated that listing the red- in three watersheds in Arkansas and crowned parrot as endangered or For these reasons, we find that these Missouri. The coldwater crayfish and threatened was warranted primarily due stressors do not, alone or in Eleven Point River crayfish are each to habitat loss and collection for the pet combination, rise to a level that causes comprised of a single population in the trade in Mexico and the inadequacy of this species to meet the definition of an Eleven Point River watershed. The regulatory mechanisms. However, endangered species or a threatened Spring River crayfish is comprised of listing was precluded at that time by species. Therefore, we find that listing three populations in the Spring River higher priority actions, and the species Chihuahua scurfpea as an endangered and Strawberry River watersheds. was added to the candidate species list. species or threatened species is not We have carefully assessed the best From 2012 through 2016, we addressed warranted. A detailed discussion of the scientific and commercial information the status of the red-crowned parrot basis for this finding can be found in the regarding the past, present, and future annually in our candidate notice of Chihuahua scurfpea species assessment threats to the coldwater crayfish, Eleven review, with the determination that form and other supporting documents Point River crayfish, and Spring River listing was warranted but precluded (see (see ADDRESSES, above). crayfish, and we evaluated all relevant 77 FR 69994, November 21, 2012; 78 FR factors under the five listing factors, 70104, November 22, 2013; 79 FR including any regulatory mechanisms 72450, December 5, 2014; 80 FR 80584,

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December 24, 2015; 81 FR 87246, parrot populations have become appropriate person, as specified under December 2, 2016). established in ranchland habitats in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, Mexico and in urban habitats in Mexico whenever it becomes available. New Summary of Finding and south Texas, where resources for information will help us monitor these The red-crowned parrot is medium- nesting and foraging have allowed for species and make appropriate decisions sized (33 centimeters (13 inches)) and is stable or increasing population sizes. about their conservation and status. We bright green with a red crown and blue Collection for the pet trade led to encourage local agencies and head and neck. The species is native to decreased population sizes in Mexico stakeholders to continue cooperative forests in northeastern Mexico; throughout the early to mid-20th monitoring and conservation efforts. however, the range has expanded within century. However, laws passed between the past several decades into ranchlands 1982 and 2008 in Mexico banned the References Cited and urban areas in and adjacent to its collection and export of parrots, and Lists of the references cited in the historical range in Mexico and into greatly reduced the numbers of red- petition findings are available on the cities in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of crowned parrots captured for the pet south Texas. internet at http://www.regulations.gov trade. in the dockets provided above in Red-crowned parrots are cavity For these reasons, we find that these ADDRESSES and upon request from the nesters, using pre-existing cavities in a stressors do not, alone or in appropriate person, as specified under variety of native tree species in Mexico combination, rise to a level that causes FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. and ornamental palms in residential this species to meet the definition of an areas of south Texas. The species eats a endangered species or a threatened Authors variety of nuts, berries, seeds, fruits, and species. Therefore, we find that listing flowers, using primarily native plants in the red-crowned parrot as an The primary authors of this document forests and ranchlands in Mexico, and endangered species or threatened are the staff members of the Species foraging on ornamental and fruit and species is not warranted. A detailed Assessment Team, Ecological Services nut trees in urban and suburban areas of discussion of the basis for this finding Program. Mexico and south Texas. can be found in the red-crowned parrot Authority We evaluated all relevant stressors species assessment form and other under the five factors, including any supporting documents (see ADDRESSES, The authority for this action is section regulatory mechanisms and above). 4 of the Endangered Species Act of conservation measures addressing these New Information 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et stressors. The primary stressors include seq.). habitat loss and collection for the pet We request that you submit any new trade. We find that, although much of information concerning the Dated: March 27, 2019. the red-crowned parrot’s native forest of, biology of, ecology of, status of, or Margaret E. Everson, habitat in Mexico was removed stressors to the Arkansas mudalia, ashy Principal Deputy Director, U.S. Fish and throughout the 20th century, logging has darter, Barrens darter, Chihuahua Wildlife Service, Exercising the Authority of declined over the past three decades, scurfpea, coldwater crayfish, Eleven the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. and forest regeneration has occurred in Point River crayfish, Spring River [FR Doc. 2019–06535 Filed 4–3–19; 8:45 am] some areas. In addition, red-crowned crayfish, and red-crowned parrot to the BILLING CODE 4333–15–P

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