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THE LATE RENAISSANCE and MANNERISM in SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ITALY 591 17 CH17 P590-623.Qxp 4/12/09 15:24 Page 592
17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:24 Page 590 17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:25 Page 591 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER The Late Renaissance and Mannerism in Sixteenth- Century Italy ROMTHEMOMENTTHATMARTINLUTHERPOSTEDHISCHALLENGE to the Roman Catholic Church in Wittenberg in 1517, the political and cultural landscape of Europe began to change. Europe s ostensible religious F unity was fractured as entire regions left the Catholic fold. The great powers of France, Spain, and Germany warred with each other on the Italian peninsula, even as the Turkish expansion into Europe threatened Habsburgs; three years later, Charles V was crowned Holy all. The spiritual challenge of the Reformation and the rise of Roman emperor in Bologna. His presence in Italy had important powerful courts affected Italian artists in this period by changing repercussions: In 1530, he overthrew the reestablished Republic the climate in which they worked and the nature of their patron- of Florence and restored the Medici to power. Cosimo I de age. No single style dominated the sixteenth century in Italy, Medici became duke of Florence in 1537 and grand duke of though all the artists working in what is conventionally called the Tuscany in 1569. Charles also promoted the rule of the Gonzaga Late Renaissance were profoundly affected by the achievements of Mantua and awarded a knighthood to Titian. He and his suc- of the High Renaissance. cessors became avid patrons of Titian, spreading the influence and The authority of the generation of the High Renaissance prestige of Italian Renaissance style throughout Europe. would both challenge and nourish later generations of artists. -
Aynemateriality, Crafting, and Scale in Renaissance
Materiality, Crafting, and Scale in Renaissancealin Architecture a ayne Alina Payne Materiality, Crafting, and Scale in Renaissance Architecture1 Alina Payne 1. This article draws from a series of lectures given at the INHA and EPHE, Paris in June 2008 and will form a part of my upcoming book on the Materiality of Architecture in the Renaissance.Iam On the whole twentieth-century Renaissance architectural scholarship has paid grateful to Sabine Frommel who first gave me the little attention to architecture’s dialogue with the other arts, in particular with opportunity to address this material by inviting 2 me to Paris, and to Maria Loh and Patricia Rubin sculpture and the so-called minor arts. The fact that architects were also for inviting me to develop this argument further. painters, sculptors, decorators, and designers of festivals and entries, as well I am also grateful to David Kim, Maria Loh, and as makers of a multitude of objects from luxury items to machines, clocks, the anonymous reviewers who offered very useful measuring and lifting instruments, in many different materials has also comments to an earlier draft. dropped out of attention. Indeed, broadly involved in the world of objects – 2. Among the last publications to take a holistic large and small, painted or drawn, carved or poured – architects were view of Renaissance architecture was Julius Baum, Baukunst und dekorative Plastik der fru¨heren highly conversant with a variety of artistic media that raise the question as to Renaissance in Italien (J. Hoffman: Stuttgart, what these experiences contributed to the making of buildings. For example, 1926). -
An Introduction to Architectural Theory Is the First Critical History of a Ma Architectural Thought Over the Last Forty Years
a ND M a LLGR G OOD An Introduction to Architectural Theory is the first critical history of a ma architectural thought over the last forty years. Beginning with the VE cataclysmic social and political events of 1968, the authors survey N the criticisms of high modernism and its abiding evolution, the AN INTRODUCT rise of postmodern and poststructural theory, traditionalism, New Urbanism, critical regionalism, deconstruction, parametric design, minimalism, phenomenology, sustainability, and the implications of AN INTRODUCTiON TO new technologies for design. With a sharp and lively text, Mallgrave and Goodman explore issues in depth but not to the extent that they become inaccessible to beginning students. ARCHITECTURaL THEORY i HaRRY FRaNCiS MaLLGRaVE is a professor of architecture at Illinois Institute of ON TO 1968 TO THE PRESENT Technology, and has enjoyed a distinguished career as an award-winning scholar, translator, and editor. His most recent publications include Modern Architectural HaRRY FRaNCiS MaLLGRaVE aND DaViD GOODmaN Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673–1968 (2005), the two volumes of Architectural ARCHITECTUR Theory: An Anthology from Vitruvius to 2005 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2005–8, volume 2 with co-editor Christina Contandriopoulos), and The Architect’s Brain: Neuroscience, Creativity, and Architecture (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). DaViD GOODmaN is Studio Associate Professor of Architecture at Illinois Institute of Technology and is co-principal of R+D Studio. He has also taught architecture at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design and at Boston Architectural College. His work has appeared in the journal Log, in the anthology Chicago Architecture: Histories, Revisions, Alternatives, and in the Northwestern University Press publication Walter Netsch: A Critical Appreciation and Sourcebook. -
Renaissance Architecture History of Architecture
Renaissance Architecture History of Architecture No’man Bayaty Introduction • The Renaissance movement was a grand scale movement in art, literature sculpture and architecture. • The time in which it spread between 15th century and 17th century, was a time of movement in philosophy, science and other ideas. • At this time Europe was made of many small states united or trying to get united under larger kingdoms. • The Italian cities were independent, each with its special culture. • The Holy Roman Empire was quite weak, and the so were the Popes. • Local cultures were rising, so were local national states. • Europe lost Constantinople in 1453 A. D. but got all of Spain back. Introduction • Scientific achievements were getting more realistic, getting away from the mystical and superstitious ideas of the medieval ages. • The Christian reformation led by Martin Luther in 1517 A.D. added more division to the already divided Europe. • Galileo (1564 – 1642 A. D.) proved the earth was not the center of the universe, but a small dot in a grand solar system. • Three inventions had a great influence, gunpowder, printing and the marine compass. Introduction Introduction • Renaissance started in Italy. • The Gothic architecture never got a firm hold in Italy. • Many things aided the Italians to start the Renaissance, the resentment to Gothic, the discovery of new classical ruins and the presence of great Roman structures. • The movement in art and sculpture started a century before architecture. • The movement was not a gradual development from the Gothic, like the Gothic did from Romanesque, but was a bit more sudden and more like a conscious choice by artists and architects. -
Baroque & Modern Expression
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL THEORY, 48-311, Fall 2016 Prof. Gutschow, Week #4 Week #4: BAROQUE & MODERN EXPRESSION Tu./Th. Sept. 20/22 Required Readings for all Students: * H.F. Mallgrave, Architectural Theory: Vol.1: An Anthology from Vitruvius to 1870 (2006), pp.48-55, 57-117, 223-248. Focus especially on readings #29,31,32,34,35,37,39,40,92,94,99,100. Questions to think about: In your reading of the many excerpts associated with the Baroque, attempt to get an overview of how the Baroque period and mood is different than the Renaissance. What was the “battle of the ancients & moderns,” and who were the main players? How does the architectural theory conversation in France compare to that in England? What is “Palladianism,” and how does it relate to the “Baroque”? How does garden design start to skew the theoretical trajectory in England? What is “the picturesque”? * Perrault, C. Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns after the Method of the Ancients = Ordonnances des Cinq Espèces de Colonne, intro. A. Pérez-Gómez (1683, 1993) pp.47-63, 65-66, 94-95, 153-154, skim155-175 Questions to think about: What are “Postive” and “Arbitrary” beauty? Which does Perrault favor? Why? What is Perrault’s attitude towards the “ancients”? How do Perrault’s Baroque ideas challenge Vitruvius and Renaissance architectural theory? Assigned/Other Readings: Questions to think about for all readings: What attributes does each author give to the Baroque, as opposed to the Renaissance? What theory does the author propose for why the Baroque evolved out of the Renaissance? How are the theoretical books and works of the Baroque different than the “treatises” of the Renaissance? Wölfflin, Heinrich. -
Romanesque Renaissance – Introduction
Romanesque Renaissance – Introduction Konrad Ottenheym ‘Look at this majestic building with all its columns, and now you can imagine how many slaves these Roman emperors must have used to build it!’, I heard a tourist guide explaining to his group on the Piazza Venezia in Rome in 2016, as he pointed to the imposing marble monument to Vittorio Emanuele II. The Altare della Patria, symbol of the unified Italian kingdom of the nineteenth cen- tury, is in fact barely a century old, having been built in 1895–1911.1 Apparently, even in our time it is not always easy to make out the refined differences be- tween genuine ancient Roman architecture and later works of art which were meant to create a visual connection with the glorious past. Erroneous dating of old buildings, interpreting them as far older than they actually are, has hap- pened in all centuries. From the fifteenth century onwards, antiquarians, humanist scholars, ar- chitects and artists, striving for a revival of the architectural forms and prin- ciples of Ancient Rome, investigated respectable ruins and age-old buildings in order to look for useful models and sources of inspiration. They too, oc- casionally misinterpreted younger buildings as proofs of majestic Roman or other ancient glory. This especially was assumed for buildings that were con- sciously inspired by ancient Roman architecture, such as the buildings of the Carolingian, Ottonian and Stauffer emperors. But even if the correct age of a certain building was known (Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel in Aachen, for example), buildings from c. 800–1200 were sometimes regarded as ‘Antique’ architecture, since the concept of ‘Antiquity’ was far more stretched than our modern periodisation allows. -
Architecture (ARCH) 1
Architecture (ARCH) 1 their architectural use. ARCH 504 Materials and Building Construction ARCHITECTURE (ARCH) II (3) This first-year graduate seminar course will continue to present students with information on fundamental and advanced building ARCH 501: Analysis of Architectural Precedents: Ancient Industrial materials and systems and on construction technologies associated with Revolution their architectural use. Students will also consider the advancements in architectural materials and technologies. It is the second part of 3 Credits a two-semester sequence preceded by ARCH 503. Recurrent course Analysis of architectural precendents from antiquity to the turn of the themes include 1) architecture as a product of culture (wisdom, abilities, twentieth century through methodologies emphasizing research and aspirations), 2) architecture as a product of place (materials, tools, critical inquiry. The 20th century Italian architectural historian and topography, climate), the relationship between architectural appearance theorist Manfredo Tafuri argued that architecture was intrinsically presented and the mode of construction employed, 3) materials and forward-looking and utopian: "project" in both the sense of "a design making as an expression of an idea and 4) the relationship of a building project" and a leap into the future, like "projectile" or "projection." However, whole to a detail. This course is motivated by these concerns: a firm he also argued that architectural history, understood deeply and critically, belief that architects -
The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance
•••••••• ••• •• • .. • ••••---• • • - • • ••••••• •• ••••••••• • •• ••• ••• •• • •••• .... ••• .. .. • .. •• • • .. ••••••••••••••• .. eo__,_.. _ ••,., .... • • •••••• ..... •••••• .. ••••• •-.• . PETER MlJRRAY . 0 • •-•• • • • •• • • • • • •• 0 ., • • • ...... ... • • , .,.._, • • , - _,._•- •• • •OH • • • u • o H ·o ,o ,.,,,. • . , ........,__ I- .,- --, - Bo&ton Public ~ BoeMft; MA 02111 The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance ... ... .. \ .- "' ~ - .· .., , #!ft . l . ,."- , .• ~ I' .; ... ..__ \ ... : ,. , ' l '~,, , . \ f I • ' L , , I ,, ~ ', • • L • '. • , I - I 11 •. -... \' I • ' j I • , • t l ' ·n I ' ' . • • \• \\i• _I >-. ' • - - . -, - •• ·- .J .. '- - ... ¥4 "- '"' I Pcrc1·'· , . The co11I 1~, bv, Glacou10 t l t.:• lla l'on.1 ,111d 1 ll01nc\ S t 1, XX \)O l)on1c111c. o Ponrnna. • The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance New Revised Edition Peter Murray 202 illustrations Schocken Books · New York • For M.D. H~ Teacher and Prie11d For the seamd edillo11 .I ltrwe f(!U,riucu cerurir, passtJgts-,wwbly thOS<' on St Ptter's awl 011 Pnlladfo~ clmrdses---mul I lr,rvl' takeu rhe t>pportrmil)' to itJcorporate m'1U)1 corrt·ctfons suggeSLed to nu.• byfriet1ds mu! re11iewers. T'he publishers lwvc allowed mr to ddd several nt•w illusrra,fons, and I slumld like 10 rltank .1\ Ir A,firlwd I Vlu,.e/trJOr h,'s /Jelp wft/J rhe~e. 711f 1,pporrrm,ty /t,,s 11/so bee,r ft1ke,; Jo rrv,se rhe Biblfogmpl,y. Fc>r t/Jis third edUfor, many r,l(lre s1m1II cluu~J!eS lwvi: been m"de a,,_d the Biblio,~raphy has (IJICt more hN!tl extet1si11ely revised dtul brought up to date berause there has l,een mt e,wrmc>uJ incretlJl' ;,, i111eres1 in lt.1lim, ,1rrhi1ea1JrP sittr<• 1963,. wlte-,r 11,is book was firs, publi$hed. It sh<>uld be 110/NI that I haw consistc11tl)' used t/1cj<>rm, 1./251JO and 1./25-30 to 111e,w,.firs1, 'at some poiHI betwt.·en 1-125 nnd 1430', .md, .stamd, 'begi,miug ilJ 1425 and rnding in 14.10'. -
California State University, Northridge
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE The Palazzo del Te: Art, Power, and Giulio Romano’s Gigantic, yet Subtle, Game in the Age of Charles V and Federico Gonzaga A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies with emphases in Art History and Political Science By Diana L. Michiulis December 2016 The thesis of Diana L. Michiulis is approved: ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. Jean-Luc Bordeaux Date ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. David Leitch Date ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. Margaret Shiffrar, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to convey my deepest, sincere gratitude to my Thesis Committee Chair, Dr. Margaret Shiffrar, for all of her guidance, insights, patience, and encourage- ments. A massive "merci beaucoup" to Dr. Jean-Luc Bordeaux, without whom completion of my Master’s degree thesis would never have been fulfilled. It was through Dr. Bordeaux’s leadership, patience, as well as his tremendous knowledge of Renaissance art, Mannerist art, and museum art collections that I was able to achieve this ultimate goal in spite of numerous obstacles. My most heart-felt, gigantic appreciation to Dr. David Leitch, for his leadership, patience, innovative ideas, vast knowledge of political-theory, as well as political science at the intersection of aesthetic theory. Thank you also to Dr. Owen Doonan, for his amazing assistance with aesthetic theory and classical mythology. I am very grateful as well to Dr. Mario Ontiveros, for his advice, passion, and incredible knowledge of political art and art theory. And many thanks to Dr. Peri Klemm, for her counsel and spectacular help with the role of "spectacle" in art history. -
Architectural Theory: a Construction Site Ákos Moravánszky
47 Architectural Theory: A Construction Site Ákos Moravánszky Territory and problems - theoria is an observer, an envoy sent by a polis to a place Like all young academic disciplines, the theory of of oracle like Delphi, to be present at the oracle architecture is still in search of its identity, as its and report it to his principals with authority, that representatives strive to defi ne the boundaries of is, without altering it, ‘for neither adding anything their territory. But what is this territory? Obviously, would you fi nd a cure, nor subtracting anything there must be specifi c problems waiting to be solved would you avoid erring in the eyes of gods’ - as by architectural theorists if taxpayers’ money is to the poet Theognis of Megara (6th Century BC) be invested in the creation of new chairs, professor- had warned the theoros.1 The meaning of theory, ships, and design-based academic grades, which is therefore, indicates a particular way of observing: a completely new and somewhat puzzling phenom- the way of the detached and uncommitted specta- enon. Undoubtedly, even mathematics would no tor, rather than the participant. It seems, therefore, longer be on the university agenda today if it did not that the original meaning of theoria leaves no space contribute substantially to the development of new for a pro-‘projective’ interpretation, with its interest technologies; what then can we expect of architec- in performance and production. tural theory? However, important questions remain. The deci- The fi eld of architectural theory should be defi ned sion of the Athenians whether to start a war against on the basis of the problems the discipline is intended the Persians or to take a defensive stance depended to solve. -
ARCH 5362-001: THEORY in ARCHITECTURE – Coa –
ARCH 5362-001: THEORY in ARCHITECTURE – CoA – TTU — Fall 2011 – SYLLABUS TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY - COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Tuesday & Thursday: 9:30 - 10:50 AM Room 102 – Ground Floor Architecture Instructor Hendrika Buelinckx, PhD Associate Professor Office room 710 Office Hours: W 12:00-1:00, TT 11:00 to 12:00, and by appointment. Please do contact me at [email protected]. CATALOG DESCRIPTION ARCH 5362. Theory in Architecture (3:3:0). Examination of theoretical issues in architecture through critical reading of texts selected from Vitruvius to the most contemporary thinkers in relation to emerging design challenges. COURSE OBJECTIVES Critically thinking about architecture is essential to the discipline. Since Vitruvius, many scholars have sought to describe architecture or to define a direction for architectural design. Designers need theory to carve out a position for themselves and to establish a foundation for design. During the first part of the semester, we will study the history of architectural theories from Vitruvius until the early 20th Century. During the second part of the semester, we will examine some of the major tenets and concepts running through architectural discourse. And during the third part of the semester we will discuss some of the challenges that architectural theory may face in the future. COURSE PREREQUISITES Students are expected to have a good working knowledge of historical and contemporary buildings. In addition to having an inquisitive mind, to think critically, to work hard, and to aspire to academic excellence and integrity. LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this course, students will have: 1. a working knowledge of the most relevant—past, present, future—architectural theories, 2. -
Words of Architectural Theory
Words of Architectural Theory Volume 3 Fall 2020 ARCH 5006EL / Architectural Theory Seminar Professor Izabel Amaral, PhD. Words of Architectural Theory Volume III Copyright © 2021by Dr. Izabel Amaral (ed.) All rights reserved. ARCH 5006 EL Architectural Theory Seminar Professor Dr. Izabel Amarel McEwen School of Architecture 85 Elm St, Sudbury ON P3C 1T3 Table of Contents Introduction Izabel Amaral Diagram David Gagnon, Michael Letros, Lila Nguyen Dirt Sarah Cen, Jennie Philipow, Jozef Miguel Radvansky Element Daniel Everett, Cole MacIsaac, Max Vos Coupal Funtionalism Breana Chabot, Simao Da Silva, Riya Patel Matter Kody Ferron Alex Langlois, Devin Tyers Object Maeve Macdonald, Michelle McLaren, Evan Lavallee Participation Aidan Lucas, Alexander Scali, Pascal Rocheleau, Shiyan Pu Program Isaac Edmonds, Sarah Fox, Matt Steacy Queer Kristina Hakala, Cassidy Duff, Kelly O’Connor Standard Kristen Aleong, Muriel Barker, Miguel Veillette System Carolina Hanley, Derrick Pilon, Chad McDonald Treatise Vennice de Guzman, Rhiannon Heavens, James Walker Introduction Izabel Amaral This document gathers twelve research papers produced by the students of the course ARCH 5006 Architectural Theory Seminar during the fall semester of 2020. Together, these essays form the collective book Words of Architectural Theory Vol.3, that is self-printed and donated to the McEwen School of Architecture Library. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the course was offered online, and despite the fact that we only worked remotely, students have shown an incredible resilience and great commitment towards their architectural education. The essays shown here are longer than the essays produced in the previous editions of the same project, prompting new reflections on the way words carry meaning in our discipline.