Glacier National Park Comprehensive Interpretive Plan Glacier National Park Comprehensive Interpretive Plan

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Glacier National Park Montana

Prepared by the Department of Interpretive Planning Harpers Ferry Center and Glacier National Park

May 2006

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Contents Introduction 1

Foundation for Planning 2 Park Purpose 2 Resource Significance 2 Interpretive Themes 2 Management Goals For Interpretation 9 Visitation And Visitor Use Data 10 Issues And Influences 15

Future Interpretive Program Description 17 Overview 17 Pre-Arrival/Outreach 17 Arrival Experience 18 Parkwide Recommendations 20 Going To The Sun Road Corridor 25 Many Glacier 43 Goat Haunt/Belly River 45 Two Medicine/Cutbank 49 North Folk/Middle Fork 51 Education Strategy 53 Implementation Plan 58

Appendices 61 Planning Team And Consultants 61 Bibliography 62 Scenic Point INTRODUCTION

The year 2010 marks the centennial and activities into annual imple- of Glacier National Park (GLAC). mentation plans. It also provides a Commemoration of that event and context against which annual celebration of the park's continuing accomplishments can be evaluated. contributions to America's natural Any element recommended in this and cultural legacy will attract plan or any subsequent significant public attention. Implementation Plan that will affect facilities or resources will through This Comprehensive Interpretive normal management review and Plan (CIP) presents a vision for approval, and meet compliance visitor experiences at the park requirements prior to during the next decade. The CIP implementation. proposes interpretive activities and visitor experience opportunities The visitor experience planning that prepare the park for a mile- process used to develop this stone commemoration in 2010. It document prompted collaboration also identifies a media and activity among park staff, interpretive action plan that best meets current partners and media specialists. A and future visitor needs and team planning effort evaluated the effectively tells park stories. park's visitor use programs, and focused on the park's significant Based on purpose, significance and resources, themes, and contempo- mission identified in the park's 1999 rary issues. The proposals in this General Management Plan (GMP), CIP enhance opportunities for the CIP is a conceptual document. visitors to understand, enjoy and It lays a foundation for the next appreciate the reasons for which phases of a comprehensive Glacier National Park was interpretive planning process - established. media planning, design and production and the organization of staff

Fall Color at St Mary 1 FOUNDATION FOR PLANNING

PARK PURPOSE ecosystem, one of the most eco- logically intact areas remaining in As stated in the park's General the temperate regions of the Management Plan, the purpose for world. the establishment of Glacier National Park is to: Glacier's cultural resources chronicle the history of human Preserve and protect natural and activities (Native Americans, early cultural resources unimpaired for explorers, railroad development, the enjoyment of future and modern use and visitation) generations (1916 Organic Act). that show that people have long placed high value on the area's Provide opportunities to experi- natural features. ence, understand, appreciate, and enjoy Glacier National Park Waterton-Glacier is the world's consistent with the preservation first International Peace Park. of resources in a state of nature (1910 legislation establishing Key References Glacier National Park). Commercial Services Plan and FEIS Cultural Resources component of Celebrate the ongoing peace, RMP friendship, and goodwill among Director's Orders: #2; 6; 9; 28; 32 nations, recognizing the need for Education Strategy (TBD) cooperation in a world of shared Enabling Legislation, GLAC resources (1932 International Enabling Legislation, International Peace Park legislation). Peace Park General Management Plan (1999) RESOURCE GLAC Land Protection Plan SIGNIFICANCE Going-to-the-Sun Road Rehabilitation Plan and FEIS The following significance Government Performance and statements from the park's General Results Act (GPRA) Strategic Goals Management Plan capture the for Glacier National Park essence of this park's importance to North Fork Plan America's natural and cultural Resource Management Plan heritage. State of the Backcountry annual reports Glacier's scenery dramatically Wayside Exhibit Plan - revised illustrates an exceptionally long Wilderness and Backcountry geologic history and the many Management Plan geological processes associated Wildlife management plans and with mountain building and protocols glaciation.

Glacier offers relatively accessible INTERPRETIVE THEMES spectacular scenery and Through the collaborative work of increasingly rare primitive the Division of Interpretation and wilderness experiences. Education staff, the park's audiences should be provided the Glacier is at the core of the opportunity to form personal "Crown of the Continent" connections with the purpose and 2 Foundation for Planning significance inherent in the park's uplift, mountain building, and over- resources, so that informed choices thrust events that provided the regarding the long-term steward- unique foundation for Glacier's nat- ship of the park may be made. ural beauty.

Primary interpretive themes link to The Rocky Mountain range nar- the park's significance statements, rows in northern Montana to and describe ideas, concepts, or provide wildlife, human, and vege- messages about Glacier National tative convergence un-like most Park that provide the broadest places on earth. opportunities for visitors and audiences to make personal connec- The ice age glaciers that carved tions to the meanings and signifi- classic geologic features in the area cance of the park. At their best, pri- give insight into the beauty, power, mary themes relate a significant tan- and timelessness of the tremendous gible element of the park to a uni- forces that continue to shape the versal concept, using intangible earth. ideas. They provide guidelines for making decisions concerning inter- Glacier has one of the finest assem- pretive stories to be told, methods blages of ice-age alpine glacial fea- to be used, and facilities and activi- tures in the contiguous 48 states, ties required for telling those sto- and it has relatively accessible, ries. Primary themes may not small-scale active glaciers. include every topic interpreted, but the universal concepts they contain Glacier is at an apex of the conti- should directly support understand- nent and one of the few places in ing of the park's significance. All the world that has a triple divide. interpretive efforts, including media and personal services, will relate to Related Topics one or more primary interpretive Airshed theme. Animal life Changing climates Although stated separately, interpre- Deposition tive themes are connected and Erosion interrelated. Evolution Exposed rock Primary and Secondary Fault lines Interpretive Themes Fossil Fire ecology Geologic specimens Primary Theme Geologic time The geologic features of Glacier Glaciation National Park combine natural Glaciers beauty, examples of mountain- Geomorphology building, and the effects of glacia- Habitat diversity tion, revealing many chapters in Igneous intrusions the history of the Earth. Landscape (historically designed) Lavas - sills Sub-themes Metamorphic The geology of Glacier National Minerals Park provides a snapshot of the Mountain building tremendous forces of geologic 3 Foundation for Planning

Natural processes recommended for designation as Overthrust fault wilderness, and therefore is man- Paleontology aged differently than other federal Plate tectonics lands in order to retain its primeval Rocks character and preserve it as a special Sedimentary place for humans to examine their Soundscape relationship to the natural world. Stromatolites The wilderness of Glacier National Triple Divide Park offers opportunities for per- Uplift sonal renewal. Vegetation Viewshed Glacier's wilderness contains Watershed primitive areas relatively undis- Weather patterns turbed by human activities where scientific research may reveal infor- Primary Theme mation about natural processes and Glacier National Park offers a living systems that may have variety of wilderness experiences wide-ranging applications as global that provide the challenges and indicators of ecological change. rewards of encountering nature on its own terms while conveying The Going-to-the-Sun Road, one of the necessity of stewardship for the most scenic roads in North the land. America, is a National Historic Landmark, and provides easy access Sub-themes to views of and entry points to Glacier's wilderness offers opportu- experience wilderness. nities for physical and mental challenge, risk and reward, renewal, Cultural resources, including arche- self-reliance, solitude, inspiration, ological sites found in Glacier artistic expression, pride springing National Park wilderness, can from a shared heritage, and the provide a more complete picture of prospect of hope for the future. human history and culture when treated with sensitivity and respect. The wilderness concept, codified into law, originated in the United Wilderness visitors must accept States with the conviction that some certain inherent risks associated wild land resources are most valu- with weather, terrain, water, able to Americans if left in their wildlife, and other natural elements; natural state. visitor safety cannot be guaranteed, but can be enhanced with proper As a foundation for healthy and trip planning, appropriate skill, and diverse ecosystems, officially responsible behavior. designated wilderness and other remaining wild lands like Glacier Related Topics National Park provide critical habi- Accessibility tat for rare and endangered species Accessible trailheads and play a significant role in the Air quality overall health of natural systems Archeological sites worldwide. Avalanches Definitions Much of Glacier National Park is Discovery

4 Foundation for Planning

Ethnography The Peace Park concept, born at Exotic species Waterton-Glacier IPP in 1932, has Exploration evolved and contributed to the Habitat restoration international community in a variety Historic camps of ways and served many positive Historic structures conservation causes. Historic travel routes International tensions of Landscape unchanged contemporary times reveal the Leave No Trace importance of cooperation and Life zones collaboration as reflected through Lodging facilities the window of the International Management/admin.processes Peace Park Natural processes Night sky Differences between cultures and Prehistoric travel corridors countries can be reconciled and Recreation replaced with trust and friendship. Risk, hazard and challenge Shared heritage People of the world can be inspired Society by the cooperative management of Solitude natural and cultural resources that Sound scape is shared by Canada and the United Strata - geologic/biologic States. Topography Traditional travel routes Glacier National Park and Waterton Unique road experience Lakes National Park offer an oppor- Variety of experience options tunity for both countries to cooper- Vast, remote wilderness ate peacefully to resolve controver- Watersheds / Water quality sial natural resource issues that Wilderness skills transcend international boundaries. Wildlife Related Topics Primary Theme Borders Glacier National Park's designa- Boundary cut tion as part of the world's first Canadian flag International Peace Park cele- Cooperation brates on-going peace, Collaboration - Interpretation cooperation, and goodwill Collaboration - Protection between two nations, and sym- Collaboration-Resource manage- bolizes the ideal of peace among ment all nations. First Nations (CA) Geo-political borders Sub-themes Goodwill / friendship The peace park commemorates last- Homeland security ing peace between Canada and the "International" boat United States. Management policies Native Americans The Biosphere Reserve and World Railroad history and role Heritage designations highlight the Role model status importance of this area to the Rotary International Club world. Shared human history Shared natural systems

5 Foundation for Planning

Similarities / differences contributed to the historic Trans-boundary parks landscape through classic western Trust between differing cultures national park architecture. Unguarded borders U.S. flag Migration and settlement patterns View looking "In" of original people and Montana- Visitor accommodations bound settlers resulted in a World peace landscape patchwork of cultures through the years that contributes Primary Theme to contemporary opportunities and Glacier's cultural resources challenges to Montana culture. chronicle the evolving history of human activities, interactions, Fire, a natural part of all forest and experiences in the American communities, poses a particular west, that reveal changes in socie- challenge to park managers, whose tal attitudes about land and its goal is to maintain natural systems uses. while protecting humans, cultural and historic resources and park Sub-themes infrastructure. The park's roads, chalets, and hotels not only symbolize early 20th Going-to-the-Sun Road, both a century western park experiences, National Historic Landmark and a they represent western park National Civil Engineering development. Many of these his- Landmark, represents an early toric structures are still in use today. breakthrough in the approach to park management that encouraged The majestic landscape has a spiri- visitor use of a spectacular national tual value for all human beings - a park; it also poses one of the most place to nurture, replenish, and complex structural preservation and restore themselves. maintenance challenges in the National Park System. The Great Northern Railway opened western Montana to many Related topics people who otherwise could not Archeology have reached its remoteness. This Art/humanity hastened the development of Built environments Glacier National Park, and blazed a Car/backcountry camping trail for a variety of human uses of Changing land use the landscape. Collaboration Concession companies Land-use values have evolved since Conflict Native Americans first came to Contemporary land uses and values northwest Montana, creating Cultural landscapes wide-ranging pressures between Cultural resource threats interests, and resulting in conflicts Fire management and compromise in a microcosm of Fur trade the American west. Going-to-the-Sun Road Great Northern Railway In Glacier National Park concession Historic structures structures created to encourage Historic tours visitation to the park have Homesteading

6 Foundation for Planning

Migration national park. From prehistoric Mining and oil times to the present, Indian people National Park Service history have identified places in the area as Native Americans important to their heritage. Parkitecture Partners The majestic landscape has a Prehistoric and historic travel spiritual value for all human beings - corridors a place to nurture, replenish, and Prescribed fire restore themselves. Survival Transportation Related Topics Westward expansion Archeology - historic / prehistoric Art/Humanity-history / perception Primary Theme Bordering nations The enduring connection Change between the Blackfeet, Salish, and Chief Mountain Kootenai peoples and the Cultural similarities / differences landscape and resources of the Cultural resources area known as Glacier National Ethnographic uses Park is reflected through their Fur trade history, traditions, language, and Home contemporary values. Homesteading Native Americans Sub-themes Oral history - The area called Glacier National scientific/mythic Park represents a place of special Piegan Confederacy significance to the Blackfeet, Place names Kootenai, Salish, and other native Private property peoples; it is a spiritual touchstone Sacred lands that helps continue the traditions Sacred sites and values that have been in place Spiritual-all cultures for generations. Temporal consideration Traditional rights and interests Changes in land use patterns Subsistence triggered by the westward expan- Traditional values sion of the United States forced Transportation- Indian peoples in the area to react stage/boat/horse/trail and adapt to outside pressures to Travel corridors maintain their lifestyles and Treaties traditions. Vision quests

Contemporary Native American Primary Theme communities identify the landscape The establishment of Glacier of Glacier National Park as National Park and its geographic traditionally meaningful to their location have enabled its identity as a group and the survival ecological processes and of their lifeways. biological diversity to survive relatively intact in a rapidly Native Americans had a strong changing and encroaching world. spiritual connection with the area long before its designation as a

7 Foundation for Planning

Sub-themes Glacier is one of the few places in Due to wide variations in elevation, the contiguous 48 states that climate, and soil, four distinct continue to support natural vegetation zones overlap in Glacier populations of all indigenous and have produced strikingly carnivores and most of their prey. diverse habitats that sustain plant Glacier provides an outstanding and animal populations, including opportunity for ecological threatened and endangered, rare, management and research in one of and sensitive species. the largest areas where natural processes predominate. As a result, the park has been designated a Biosphere Reserve, and Waterton- Glacier International Peace Park has been designated as a World Heritage site.

Related Topics Backbone of the World Biological diversity Boreal zone Carnivores Climate change Connectivity - wildlife corridor Continuity of studies Convergence-floral and faunal "Crown of the Continent" DNA studies Ecosystem diversity Exotics and invasives Faunal remnants Fire Floristic provinces Genetic pool Geologic impact on flora/fauna Global research data Great Plains zone Migration Native plants Nearly intact ecosystem Northern Rocky Mountain zone Nyack flood plain Missing elements of ecosystem Pacific zone Predator/prey relationships Triple divide Untrammeled ecosystem Vegetative zones Highline Trail View Wilderness Wildlife Yellowstone to Yukon

8 Foundation for Planning

MANAGEMENT GOALS development: FOR INTERPRETATION VISITOR SERVICE ZONE The overall guiding philosophy is to manage most of the park for its DAY USE ZONE wild character and for the integrity of Glacier's unique RUSTIC ZONE natural and cultural heritage while traditional visitor services BACKCOUNTRY ZONE and facilities remain. Visitors will be able to enjoy the park from All interpretive, informational, many vantage points. Visitor use educational or orientation will be managed to preserve recommendations in this CIP will resources, but a broad range of be compatible with management opportunities will be provided for zones and standards established in people to experience, understand, the GMP. study, and enjoy the park. Cooperation with park neighbors will be emphasized in managing use and resources. Glacier National Park General Management Plan, p.23

At all locations and in all media and personal services treatments, care will be taken to provide orientation, information, and interpretation so as to maximize the visitor's opportunities to make personal connections with the meanings and significance of Glacier National Park. A visitor (through real or virtual experiences) that makes a personal connection with the significance of the park will care about the park, and therefore be in a position to make a choice to care for the park - or similar sites elsewhere. The Long-Range Interpretive Plan supports the management philosophy established for the park in the General Management Plan. This philosophy recognizes the distinctive character of individual geographical areas in the park and the suitability of various zones in those areas to provide for a range of visitor experiences. Each of four management zones presents a different set of desired resource conditions, visitor experiences, types of management activities, and 9 Foundation for Planning

VISITOR AND VISITOR Visitor Profile Summary- USE DATA 1991 Visitor Survey A VSP visitor survey conducted Annual Park Visits over seven days with 481 respondents in 1991 reflected the 1992 2,206,231 following visitor characteristics. 1993 2,146,306 Copies of this report are available in 1994 2,157,650 the Chief Interpreter's office. 1995 1,849,715 1996 1,735,559 1997 1,723,267 Composition 1998 1,841,451 Family groups accounted for 71% of 1999 1,693,899 groups contacted. More than half 2000 1,738,119 (59%) were first-time visitors. The 2001 1,688,134 most common age was 31-45 (31%). 2002 1,911,333 Other age groups ranged from 21% 2003 1,676,912 to 13%: age 15 and younger (21%); 2004 2,042,314 46-60 (20%); 61 and older (15%); 16- 2005 1,937,042 30 (13%).

Month Park Visits - 2005 Activities January 7,450 Most visitors (65%) stated that February 12,544 viewing wildlife and scenery was March 16,540 the primary reason for visiting the April 54,688 park. May 132,075 June 289,240 The most common activities were July 564,929 sightseeing (97%), photography August 501,931 (89%), viewing wildlife (87%) and September 270,798 visit visitor centers (72%). Median October 65,298 interest was shown for day-hiking November 11,898 (53%), shopping (51%) and December 9,626 picnicking (45%). Smaller percentages participated in camp- Season Park Visitation ing, ranger-led programs, boating, fishing, bicycling and horseback rid- Patterns-2005 ing. Summer (Jun - Sep) 84% Shoulder (May & Oct) 10.2% Location Winter (Nov - Apr) 5.8% Almost two-thirds of visitors (60%) entered the park at West Glacier; one-third entered at St. Mary.

Most people stopped at Logan Pass (80%) and many visited St. Mary (68%), Rising Sun (56%), Lake McDonald Lodge (55%) and Apgar (55%). Fewer visited Many Glacier (43%), Two Medicine (18%) and North Fork Road (11%).

10 Foundation for Planning

Services Stakeholder and Audience Most people received information Needs and Expectations about the park from prior visits (98 All people interested in the park responses) and friends and relatives need access to information about (72 responses). park cultural and natural resources, use opportunities, and management Park and commercial services issues. They expect easy access to considered "very important" to information about laws, regulations "extremely important" included and penalties and about recreation park brochure/map (77%); visitor resources, safety, trip planning and center personnel (69%); showers low impact travel and camping. (67%); grocery stores (65%); food Different levels of detail are needed service (63%); self-guided trails to meet needs of first time or repeat (62%); road exhibits (54%); visitor visitors and short-term day users or center exhibits (52%). long term visitors. While self-reliant users may look for limited contact Services considered "not with staff and media, many users important" or only "somewhat would benefit from detailed infor- important": park radio information mation. Since people can enter the station (57%); red bus tours (53%); park through nearby communities, backpacking guide service (52%); cooperative interpretive planning boat rentals (48%); trail rides and development between the park (47%); ranger-guided boat tours and other visitor service providers (42%); evening programs (38%); should enable all providers to ranger-led walks (35%). improve services to meet or exceed visitor expectations. Needs Survey respondents identified the Facility users expect a variety of following needs to improve their media, programs and activities park experience: suitable for diverse audiences. They Add detail to improve maps need orientation that places the Improve information provided, park location into perspective with including more detailed trail infor- population centers in the United mation States and Canada. Identification of Provide more variety in interpreta- resources inside the parklands and tion interpretation of the significance of Educate visitors about park and those resources can position people ecology of the region to care about these resources so that Improve roadside information and they might chose to care for these increase roadside exhibits and other resources worldwide. Provide more in-depth geology information in exhibits and publica- The high number of visitors inter- tions acting with park resources in family Improve radio station - advertise groups warrants more opportunity current information to participate in activities as a family Provide more information at visitor unit. Continuation and expansion center exhibits of the Junior Ranger program will (Park staff should consider a new meet the need for families to VSP Study to update the section interact with park resources. Other above) activities meeting family needs and expectations might include "rainy

11 Foundation for Planning

day" programs, family-oriented and corrected through outreach and walking trails and other informal, training. relaxing and/or exciting activities that facilitate intergenerational Recreational conversation. Backcountry The more energetic recreationists The following description of cur- include day-hikers, backpackers rent and potential audiences and (750 miles of trails), mountain their needs and expectations is climbers, rafters, fishermen, winter based on park staff observation of users, and through-hikers on the visitors and review of comments Continental Divide Trail. They and suggestions in visitor registers. frequently want opportunities for independent use and may not visit Commercial Users traditional visitor areas. They need To operate effectively in partnership access to pre-trip planning with the National Park Service, information, directions to permit businesses and concession compa- desks, recreation opportunity sites, nies need immediate, accurate and safety considerations, restrooms, appropriate information from the water and parking. They need NPS. Knowledge of park rules, orientation and information at all regulations and the permit process, access points. Signs introducing and information about programs, Glacier's wilderness and ecology activities and resources inside the primary interpretive themes will park are necessary for commercial provide a backdrop for the organizations to effectively intro- self-discovery awaiting these users. duce other visitors to the park's regional and global significance. Frontcountry Casual users include picnickers, The 2004 Commercial Services Plan campers, walkers, fishermen and (CSP) calls for enhancements in sightseers, artists and photogra- guided activities, including cultural phers. Some may require solitude, tours, underwater tours, and but most tolerate a high level of expanded tour limits for existing visitor activity and many may seek and potentially new tour operators. social activities among people with The NPS will take an active role in similar interests. defining standards for tours of this type to assure a quality of service These stakeholders often are look- similar to NPS interpretive ing for more detailed information offerings, including providing than the backcountry user. They definitions of standards, training need information about site specific and development opportunities for park history, current and seasonal staff, and auditing and feedback for conditions, programmed activity companies and individuals schedules, specialized facility providing such services. locations and special events. They need safety and regulation informa- NPS involvement and training tion, orientation to available activity should extend farther outside the sites, accurate directional signs, park through personal services, maps and land use etiquette internet and other media. exhibits. Open areas with sheltered Inaccurate or incomplete kiosks provide opportunity for information, should be identified self-directed recreational activities.

12 Foundation for Planning

Trails, waysides, other exhibits and and interpretation presented at personal services provide many levels from elementary to opportunities for a huge segment of graduate and using varied media Glacier's visitation to make personal from simple graphics to professional connections with the park in these exhibits and audiovisuals. The areas. Education Strategy contained in this CIP addresses this audience and its Cultural / Traditional needs. Members of neighboring Native American tribes and cultural groups Local / Regional from the surrounding region may Local communities provide a large, participate more freely when they significant audience for the park have a sense of personal connection interpretive program. This category to the park. Park staff needs a better of stakeholder often has firmly understanding of the needs of these established norms for visiting the potential visitors to provide park. They likewise often have effective orientation and strong opinions, both pro and con, interpretive services, and to create on how the park is managed and informational and interpretive signs how the limitations imposed by the to relate information about the management level in the park park, including its rules and regula- impact them. They need basic tions. Park staff likewise must orientation to the park presented in respect tribal protocols and honor a way that does not offend and that the stories that are given to them by provides information about how to restrained and sensitive treatments. access available visitor opportunities. Information about park Technology / Virtual resources and National Park Service Many "virtual" visitors may have management needs to be easily time to vicariously explore the park available, such as mailings and local more intensely. They require access news releases, to increase interest to information to match a variety of and understanding of park roles in interests and educational levels. The the community and park manage- park should provide information ment decisions. that creates a feeling of excitement about the park and a desire to pro- Local users need the opportunity to tect park resources. Information participate in activities that should be provided ranging from contribute to the already high level basic travel planning to moderate of local pride and a feeling of interpretation or a detailed virtual ownership in the park and the education program. At minimum, National Park Service. Local agen- they need access to a free overview cies need close coordination, of park resources and themes and cooperation and consultation with opportunity to learn about the park management staff and availability of moderate priced involvement in planning activities audiovisual and publication to assure everyone an opportunity materials. to manage ecosystem resources effectively. Education This group of stakeholders includes Special Interests students, researchers and training Special interest category includes participants. They need information participants in special events,

13 Foundation for Planning

volunteers, Elder Hostel audiences, should embrace training and job film/media specialists, members of knowledge as a fundamental job diverse cultural groups, language- requirement. Training should be a diverse stakeholders, and audiences group experience to improve with other special needs. Park visi- learning through shared experi- tors/stakeholders also include geo- ences. graphic, age and economic diverse audiences. Park information and Organized Groups interpretation activities must pro- Organized groups visiting Glacier vide information about rules and National Park need orientation and regulations, orientation to the park, information about lodging, rules identification of activity locations and regulations, safety, attractions, and sources of information in a for- interpretive themes and activities mat usable by the targeted audience. and sights that can be seen in group formats. They would benefit from Through-travelers readily available handouts, personal Through-travelers, those who may services and activities to provide not be using the park as a destina- interpretive experiences, keep them tion experience, represent a large longer and encourage stewardship. potential audience. These travelers would benefit if the proximity of the Bus tour groups expect restrooms, park and what it has to offer is opportunity to switch to smaller clearly identified. Through-travelers buses that can safely navigate park also need to know about limitations roads, and effective interpretation on the Going-to-the-Sun Road for oriented to their interests. Tour oversized vehicles well before those companies need accurate, current visitors arrive at the park. information, including information about restrictions, prior to arrival at Employees/Park Partners the park. All employees need to receive basic information upon or prior to arrival Scouts and other organized groups at the park. All employees and often require staff time, especially if partners need to understand the they are involved in park resource purpose, significance and goals of management projects. They need the park. All need to feel part of the personal orientation and detailed NPS team and accept ownership of knowledge (information/guidance) the park and NPS policies. All of rules and regulations and Leave employees need current informa- No Trace principles to avoid tion about park operations and resource damage. Group leaders projects, including activities of need a lot of activities to keep par- other management divisions. All ticipants occupied while at the park employees need to know where to and detailed advance information direct visitors to get questions and education materials prior to answered if the employee cannot arrival at park. Park staff needs to provide an adequate answer. Cross- provide basic information and work division training, interdivisional with leaders; success requires effec- liaison and communication and tive cooperation among divisions to cooperative programming is needed efficiently share information and to share expertise. To assure ade- training. quate knowledge of park operations all employees and supervisors

14 Foundation for Planning

ISSUES AND INFLUENCES planning process to accomplish this goal. Staffing/Personnel Budget constraint on staffing Congestion requires creative program planning Heavy use of the park's primary and active pursuit of funding to automotive route, the Going-to-the- maintain quality and quantity of Sun Road, causes crowding West interpretive activities and services. Glacier, St. Mary, and at pullouts Development of a creative, and parking areas along the road. successful interpretive program that The demand for parking often includes visitor experience exceeds available capacity. Visitors opportunities will require inter- become frustrated because they are divisional and intra-divisional unable to find parking spaces at communication and cooperation. designated sites to view spectacular The situation is complicated by the scenery and to learn about the park vast size of the park and natural from wayside exhibits. Visitors who division of park operations into east cannot find parking at designated and west sides. Having a permanent sites often park in undesignated Education Specialist position will areas causing resource damage and enable a park-wide education personal safety problems. program and consistent involve- Interpretive alternatives to reduce ment in all area school systems. congestion and improve visitor experience along the road need to West Side Visitor Center be considered as part of long-range No facility in Glacier National Park interpretive plan discussions. adequately tells the story of the Proposals for improvements at east park's significance. An interim visi- and west side visitor centers, pull- tor contact facility developed over outs, waysides and other activity forty years ago in a small residential sites could reduce congestion at structure on the west side of the critical areas such as Logan Pass. park is inadequate to serve needs of current and future visitors. The Other congested areas are East facility is difficult to locate, lacks Glacier, a town (with Ranger adequate parking, and has inade- Station, major accommodations) quate interpretive and museum located outside the boundaries of exhibit space and no space to the park but nevertheless a principle accommodate school groups and visitor gathering site, and Many their educational programs. Visitors Glacier, a location with poor do receive important messages signage and inadequate visitor con- about resource protection, safety, tact facilities. At Many Glacier there educational and orientation mes- are frequent "bear jams" that create sages upon entry to the park. The hazards for pedestrians, bears, and 1999 General Management Plan vegetation that gets trampled in the calls for a principle visitor contact confusion created by these facility to be constructed on the occurrences. west side of the park. This primary facility will eliminate the current Park Centennial deficiencies and provide this world- The year 2010 marks the centennial class park a visitor orientation and of Glacier National Park's establish- information center that it deserves. ment. Commemoration of the A charette in April, 2003 began the park's creation and celebration of 15 Foundation for Planning

its continuing contributions to been assembled from several of America's natural and cultural these sources, but more legacy will attract significant public comprehensive information is out of attention. Park staff needs to begin date and inadequate in scope to be preparing now for this important useful in designing interpretive event. NPS areas historically find an activities. Park managers should opportunity to upgrade services and enable additional visitor studies to their ability to protect their accurately describe visitor wants, resources at such landmark events. needs and expectations and The park will attempt to upgrade predicted trends, such as aging of interpretation, education, and its the visitor population, and the media in preparation for the affects on the local economy centennial. The park currently lacks provided by visitors to Glacier. the proper facilities to deliver interpretive services worthy of the park's Implementation of Park significance and resources. In par- Management Plans ticular, the lack of an adequate A General Management Plan visitor center at the west entrance (GMP) approved in 1999 proposes and a logical and functional significant development and road/parking network are critical program changes for the park. flaws that should be corrected in Annual Implementation Plans will connection with preparation for the be developed from this CIP to pro- centennial and in coordination with vide specific guidance for interpre- the restoration of the Going-to-the- tive and visitor experience activities, Sun Road. facilities and media. Park plans must be coordinated and compatible. Arrival Experience Involvement of multidisciplinary Routes to visitor centers are confus- planning teams including all park ing and fraught with distractions, functions, Indian tribal representa- especially in West Glacier where tives and other partners assure high people think they are in the park as quality plans. The Wayside Exhibit they pass under the railroad cross- Plan produced with Harpers Ferry ing and encounter an existing Center's assistance needs to be non-NPS visitor center. The visitor updated to reflect changes and new center in Apgar is not clearly identi- emphasis areas as a result of this fied as a primary destination point CIP. The Going-to-the-Sun Road for visitors. Clearer distinction Rehabilitation FEIS includes a between the park and private devel- Visitor Services Plan and a opment outside the park should set Communications Strategy. The Fire the stage for visitor transition from Management Plan should be coor- town to entrance into Glacier dinated with the CIP since the fire National Park. plan calls for an interpreter of fire management. Other plans include a Visitor Profiles Commercial Services Plan, North The Going to the Sun Road Fork Plan, Wilderness and Rehabilitation Project has enabled Backcountry Management Plan, several focused surveys of visitor Land Protection Plan, Collections needs and expectations, but there Management Plan, and plans of has not been a Visitor Services partner agencies such as state high- Project (VSP) conducted since 1991. way plans and plans developed for Basic visitor profile information has Waterton Lakes National Park.

16 FUTURE INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

OVERVIEW emotional and intellectual connections with the meanings of This CIP describes a broad Glacier's resources. The primary approach to guide park staff in themes identified for each developing media and personal developed area are only the key services to enhance interpretation "focus" themes for that area. It is at Glacier National Park. Park staff implicit in this document that all will use the data and guidance primary interpretive themes may be within this plan to develop annual treated in all developed areas. The implementation plans (AIP) that are focus themes identified will be the attainable and serve GMP and "featured" theme in an area to give GPRA goals. each site interpretive individuality, and cumulatively provide a range of Interpretation is the art of facilitat- interpretive experiences for visitors ing a connection between the many touring the entire park. meanings inherent in a resource and the interests of audiences/visitors. Interpretive services occur on a PRE-ARRIVAL/OUTREACH progression from orientation, to information, to interpretation and Primary Interpretive education. The goal of interpreta- Themes tion is to move beyond providing Pre-arrival, outreach media, activi- just facts to help visitors understand ties and services will present all relationships, processes and Glacier National Park primary meanings. A visitor is not likely to interpretive themes. Content of remember a long list of facts picked media, activities and services will be up at an interpretive activity or in sufficient detail to provide stake- nature trail, even when led by a holders a basic understanding of all good interpreter. What they will primary themes. probably remember longest are the associations of ideas, or the Experiences personal connections they made - Anticipation and excitement about that it was an interesting, intriguing, Glacier National Park can begin or inspiring place, that they had not long before visitors arrive at the realized how important the place park. Potential visitors and others was until the interpreter facilitated seeking information about the park that connection. should have convenient access to adequate, accurate information and Concepts in this CIP are intended interpretation of park resources, to guide the creativity of future activities and programs through a media and activity designers. The variety of media. feasibility and design of these proposals will need further Recommendations development in implementation Potential visitors and other people plans, such as schematic design interested in the park should receive plans or design concept plans. accurate, unbiased information while at home and traveling to the Note: Visitor experience statements park. They will be able to plan their in the following sections of this CIP experience with information from a describe opportunities that should variety of advanced media - tele- be provided for visitors to create phones, publications distributed by 17 Recommendations

mail, an up-to-date website, visitor programs. Communication between service providers, local media park staff and neighbors through broadcasts and publications community engagement efforts will purchased through the park coop- promote positive relationships and erating association. Personal infor- effectively communicate important mational services and non-personal resource-based messages. media will describe what visitors Interpretive programs, management can expect during their visit, includ- activities and planning are ing limitations, restrictions and appropriate topics for personal opportunities along the Sun Road, service activities. Research findings wilderness experiences and how to provided by the Research Learning prepare for a safe, enjoyable visit. Center will be an additional source of programming, and can be pre- Park Website sented by either PAO or The park's innovative web site park/learning center educational should be enhanced to continue the staff. Interpretive presentations development of interactive oppor- should be developed for general tunities to learn about significant audiences, whereas park managers resources, resource management should address the same topics programs, visitor experience oppor- from a management perspective. tunities, and special activities and services. Current staffing and work- ARRIVAL EXPERIENCE loads must be adjusted to accommodate this increasingly important Primary Interpretive interpretive/ informational medium. Themes People arriving at the park will In addition to the park website, acquire a general sense of the many non-NPS sites currently pro- resources related to all primary vide potential visitors sources of themes. Information available upon information. Park staff will identify arrival will inspire a greater explo- web sites disseminating Glacier ration of specific themes that attract National Park information and each individual's interest. work with web managers/authors to improve amount, accuracy and Experiences quality of information provided. Clear, concise information at or near the entrance should provide Audiovisual hours of operation, current condi- A park orientation film will be tions (status of roads, camp- developed in a format for public grounds, open facilities) and loca- broadcast to local and regional tion of more detailed information. audiences, tourism offices, cable Signs should be easy to see and television and other closed-circuit guide visitors to the point of initial systems to reach a large number of contact with park staff. The potential visitors. approach to initial visitor contact facilities must be clear to first-time Personal Services users, and the appearance of visitor Park staff will assist the Public center buildings should attract peo- Affairs Office to develop and ple's attention. A planned program present activities in communities of visitor orientation will guide the surrounding the park to encourage overall development of facilities that participation and support of park inform the public about activity 18 Recommendations options and alternatives during Glacier area. Information will their stay. include location of nearby visitor contact facilities, transit locations Recommendations under the GTSR Rehabilitation Glacier National Park Sign Plan program, driving and hiking oppor- The goal should be the smallest tunities, interpretive program sites number of signs needed to reduce and options for self-exploration. apprehension of newly arriving visi- This is also a good place to tors entering an unknown environ- introduce precautions, such as ment. This will allow them to quick- dangerous water, bear interactions ly reach a comfort level at which and driving tips. they can see, process and understand more detailed level of infor- Travelers Information Stations mation. Traveler's Information Radio Stations (TIS) at several locations It is currently unclear to visitors currently provide information and whether they are in the national interpretation appropriate to each park upon passing the "Gateway to site. Each station should welcome Glacier" sign on the railroad over- visitors to the park, describe visitor pass at West Glacier, or the "West experience opportunities, Glacier" sign immediately north of encourage visitors to observe the railroad, which includes an ban- resources as they drive through the ner reading "Glacier National area, and identify and encourage Park." Many undoubtedly think the participation in available experience railroad is the park boundary. The opportunities. They should park should consider signs on the introduce the concept of Crown of main road before making the turn the Continent ecosystem and the into "Gateway to Glacier" or imme- need for preservation of these diately after passing under the rail- important resources. Stations near road overpass that state remaining visitor centers will identify those travel distance to Glacier National visitor contact facilities as essential Park. For example, Glacier stops for additional information. National Park - ½ Mile or Glacier National Park Entrance Station - 1 Appropriate loca- Mile. tions for traveler's information stations Staff should continue to work with include West Glacier, Alberta personnel to clearly identify St. Mary, Many the Alberta Visitor Center in West Glacier, and Marias Glacier as a Canada information Pass wayside and facility. Perhaps large lettering on East Glacier outside the outside of the building can state the park boundary. Alberta/Canada Information. Additional locations outside the park Information Pullouts might be considered The location just north of the west if technology and entrance fee booth is a good place logistics permit, such Ice on St Mary Lake for visitors to orient themselves and as near the Glacier make initial decisions regarding Park International their visit. A similar facility would Airport and in improve wayfinding in the Many Browning, Montana.

19 Recommendations

PARKWIDE in activities ranging from highly RECOMMENDATIONS social to relaxing solitude / silence / remote / tranquil, in keeping with the broad significance of the park. Primary Interpretive Themes Recommendations Visitor experience opportunities Balancing Interpretation with facilitate in-depth exploration and Other Park Values understanding of all primary At many places in the park, the vis- themes. They also provide tas are so powerful that they speak opportunities to acquire basic intro- eloquently by themselves, and duction to several sub-themes that formal interpretation would be a contribute to the understanding of distraction. At other sites, media, park's primary themes and personal services and facilities help significance. explain magnificent natural and cultural features. Opportunities Experiences should be developed to give visitors Visitor experience opportunities a range of options to fully and safely throughout the park will let them experience and appreciate the park choose from several alternatives. and its resources. In order to make These experiences may meet their information, and ultimately the current experiential and cultural and natural interpretation educational level, or encourage of the park, as effective as possible them to seek additional, more some fundamental decisions about advanced experiences. the management of natural resources and visitor experience Specifically, park visitors should need to be made. have opportunity to: Because the goal of quality interpre- Gain insight into the salient natural tation and informational services is and cultural features of Glacier to foster public support and National Park and the Crown of the stewardship at the park through Continent ecosystem, and be able to understanding, its importance can- relate that insight to their personal not be overstated. Resource experience at a level they choose. preservation efforts alone cannot succeed without a dedicated effort Choose from a variety of interpre- to promote informed stewardship tive services, both personal and through interpretation and educa- non-personal, from simple to tion. Primary visitation occurs along complex, and from passive watching the Going to the Sun Road corridor, and listening to adventurous and therefore the park should dedicate a challenging. larger portion of its personnel and financial resources to the Participate in experiences that pro- interpretive/educational mission in vide skills necessary for enjoyable, that Visitor Service Zone, and do safe and minimum impact use of what is possible to upgrade trails, Glacier National Park, including the restrooms and visitor centers in requirement for self-reliance that support of these visitor the backcountry demands. opportunities. In the long run this approach will help buffer the Find areas of the park to participate Backcountry, Rustic, and Day Use

20 Recommendations

Zones from adverse impacts of visi- Glacier National Park. The organi- tation. zation is a non-profit cooperating association of the National Park Where there are specific and critical Service that operates sales facilities resource protection issues, these for interpretive materials at several should take precedence over visitor centers and ranger stations in interpretation or scenic values. the park. It also markets interpretive Where there are critical visitor materials worldwide through an experience issues, these should be electronic bookstore linked to the given appropriate consideration computer site at the park and by when developing resource mail order catalog. Proceeds from management actions. sales benefit the interpretive, educational, cultural and scientific Partnerships programs at the park. Recent Inter-park Partnerships are critical donations have provided support to effectively accomplishing park for traditional and contemporary goals. Frequent interaction between Native American cultural programs the interpretive program managers (Native America Speaks), publica- and staff and managers and staff of tion of maps and brochures and other important disciplines at work assistance with preservation of in park management will assure historic photograph collections. greater understanding of mutual needs and priorities, and how each Glacier Institute - Currently a unit can complement interpretive range of day-use and short efforts (and vice versa). The inter- overnight education programs are pretation and education function offered at the Field Camp facility of will be severely limited in its Glacier Institute at Apgar. In addi- effectiveness without close coordi- tion, the Institute conducts nation and mutual support from programs at the Big Creek other areas such as facility manage- Environmental Center on the ment, road design, construction and Flathead National Forest. The pro- project management, natural and grams at Field Camp are focused on cultural resources management and educational outcomes, and support maintenance. the primary interpretive/ educational themes of the park. The park and Native American partnerships are Institute should strive to refine and critical to telling the stories related focus these programs to to Glacier National Park. complement the range of programs Fundamental questions must be available through NPS and other answered to establish and maintain providers. The relationship between effective partnerships between the the park and Institute should be one park and Indian people. Interpretive of the key features of an overall managers will strive to establish and parkwide education strategy as maintain strong government-to- discussed in the Education compo- government dialogue with tribes nent of this plan. near the park. The Glacier Fund is a partnership Glacier Natural History fund of the National Park Association (GNHA) is a major Foundation, and provides grants for provider of information, interpreta- developing significant projects for tion and education services for all aspects of park operations.

21 Recommendations

Interpretation managers should remodeled space, and the park has work closely to assure that the hired a librarian position to admin- Board understands the value of ister this important resource. Years interpretation and education so that of inadequate funding allowed the the Fund can see opportunities to library to lapse into a dated support major divisional projects. resource with decreased relevance to park operations. The new facility Waterton Lakes National Park in and staff have given the park the Alberta, Canada, shares a common opportunity to bring the library international boundary and back on-line for interpretive and responsibility for preservation, educational use, as well as return its interpretation and management of value to other divisions and biological and cultural resources, functions within the park. The park viewsheds, and wildlife and human should develop a funding base to corridors. Partnership activities and maintain the library at professional responsibilities contributed to standards (staff, acquisition, designation of the two parks as an cataloguing, maintenance, and International Peace Park, Biosphere equipment). Reserve and World Heritage Site. Waterton has a small visitor contact Museum Collection/Archive station that provides an opportunity The current collection and archive to orient visitors who are traveling facilities are spread over three south from Canada to the United different structures. Staffing is States. Program opportunities to limited, but a dependable, showcase the special relationship successful research service has with Waterton and the international nevertheless been maintained. Plans peace park concept should be exist to construct one structure that developed at other locations in the will allow the object collections, park, and Goat Haunt interpretive archives, and library to be housed in exhibits should be upgraded as one location. This is a necessity in funding allows. that staffing may not become available for quite some time to allow Other partnership opportunities regular and recurring access to will be explored throughout the these important resources for study region. Partnerships will be sought and other research work. with regional school districts to expand education programs, with Concessions operated in the park friends groups to assist interpreta- offer many visitor services. About tion and with professional and 100 historic structures operated by educational organizations to con- the primary concessioner offer duct research, resource manage- lodging and food service. ment, and visitor surveys. Activities Opportunity exists to continue and may include sharing of expertise enhance cooperative visitor and funding for training, historical services. Concessions can provide and natural research, special events space for exhibits or information and seminars, exhibit planning and displays produced by park staff. development, site promotion, and Concession staff can distribute tours. printed information to visitors and respond to visitor requests for Library verbal information. Park and con- The park library is in a newly cession staff will cooperate to devel-

22 Recommendations op innovative methods of providing able to community and tourism additional visitor services through organizations. partnering, training, and sharing interpretive goals. The Commercial Accessibility Services Plan will be integral to Equal, reasonable, and universal decisions related to interpretive or access will be provided for all educational efforts. The park will people, including those with sight, explore ways to incorporate hearing, learning, and mobility interpretive standards for conces- impairments; visitors who do not sion guides and tour operations speak English; and the elderly and when contract renewals allow for young children. Accommodation such specifications to be defined. will be made for access to resources and most interpretive media. Publications Approved accessibility guidelines Publications play an important role and regulations are available to park in the interpretive program at the staff and media/facility designers. park. The park will continue to make available to visitors a variety of Park interpretation managers will up-to-date publications. Publication determine how best to provide recommendations (including pho- interpretation and information to tographs, literature or their elec- hearing impaired visitors. In tronic equivalents) can be divided addition to applying guidelines for into three types: general subject media, they will train some park publications, park-wide staff in sign language and develop a publications, and "site bulletin" cadre "call list" of trained volunteer topical publications. sign interpreters in the region that can be secured when provided Audiovisuals appropriate advance notice. Currently the park does not have an effective audio visual program that Wayside Exhibits relates the primary themes of the A series of well placed wayside park. The park should use the exhibits interpreting natural and Discovery Communications film as cultural features are located at an interim presentation at St. Mary roadside pullouts and parking areas VC and elsewhere until a more throughout the park. An interdisci- developed film can be produced. plinary team of park staff will review the existing Wayside Exhibit The park's Public Affairs Office will Plan for an upgrade, concentrating coordinate a series of public service on balancing the themes of the park announcements and short while minimizing visual intrusion of audiovisuals to highlight specific the exhibits in sensitive areas. management issues, especially issues that significantly affect stake- An amended wayside exhibit holders near the park, as part of a proposal, design and production community engagement strategy. plan will incorporate wayside exhib- Audio spots can easily be incorpo- it concepts identified in this CIP rated into traveler information sta- and Going-to-the-Sun Road tion messages at entrances, and Rehabilitation Plan. Whenever video and audio spots are adaptable interpretation is the primary pur- to visitor contact facilities, and pose of a wayside, the National Park video messages can be made avail- Service's Interpretive Development

23 Recommendations

Program standards will be incorpo- and at all park entrances should rated into exhibit development. emphasize that an essential first Park staff can complete all or part of destination within the park is the this planning effort in consultation visitor center at St. Mary or Apgar, with Harpers Ferry Center. In and the Apgar Transit Center. addition to interpretive panels, the Media will de-emphasize Logan wayside exhibit plan will Pass as an essential visitor facility. recommend panels for trailheads Travelers Information Station (TIS) and specific management informa- radio message repeaters are in-place tional issues. The CIP and Road at St. Mary and West Glacier. They Plan call for augmenting the current provide visitors with 24-hour infor- transportation fleet of vehicles mation, including hazards, road (shuttles) and the development of conditions and weather. Other safe, well-spaced turnouts and potential TIS locations will be scenic views. New wayside exhibits evaluated, including Polebridge, will be integrated with this strategy East Glacier Park, Many Glacier val- and sequenced according to needs ley, and on Chief Mountain of such projects. Highway. A location near East Glacier Park can provide travelers The park has designed and on Highways 2, 49 and 89 informa- constructed unique and very attrac- tion needed to make decisions tive wooden bases on which to about experience opportunities mount wayside exhibits. Park inter- along US 2 bordering the park, at pretive and maintenance staff will Two Medicine and St. Mary. improve attachment hardware to more securely hold attached way- Other recommendations to improve side panels and to change mounting way-finding are presented through- angle for optimum viewing. out the CIP.

Personal Services Planning Personal service activities will con- Preparation of a long-range inter- tinue to be an essential component pretive plan is the initial step in the of the overall interpretive operation. National Park Service All programs will strive to meet the comprehensive interpretive plan- NPS national standards for inter- ning and media planning, design pretation while maintaining a and production processes. Park staff strong, factual foundation in will annually address elements of keeping with tradition at Glacier. All this plan to accomplish it goals over programs will continue to provide a 5-8 year period. safety and other important visitor messages. Programs at Glacier pro- Annual Implementation Plan - vide visitors a feeling of safety and Annual action-plan that briefly security that introduces them to describes analysis of current new experiences and encourages interpretation program, manage- them to further explore park ment issues facing interpretation, a resources. It also provides opportu- work plan, funding strategy, and nity for more in-depth experiences progress of the overall strategy that meet individual interests. described in this CIP.

Way-finding PMIS Submissions - Submissions Way-finding media outside park will be prepared for projects

24 Recommendations proposed in the CIP that may be owned vehicles or as passengers via appropriate for National Park shuttle. They will experience a vari- Service funding. ety of habitat types, see and hopefully feel a part of a majestic GOING-TO-THE-SUN ROAD landscape, and learn about unique geological features. Visitors will CORRIDOR have opportunity to select from an Primary Interpretive array of hiking trails. Some will offer Theme* easily accessible "wilderness" Glacier's cultural resources experiences in a day use area. chronicle the evolving history of Others provide "backcountry" human activities, interactions, and experiences and distant, protective experiences in the American west environments (chalets). Many that reveal changes in societal provide a door to extended wilder- attitudes about land and its uses. ness experiences in the park Backcountry Zone. [*In each major developed area of the park (GMP), primary and sec- Recommendations ondary (Sub-) theme emphasis will The following recommendations are be described within this CIP. The based on existing facilities, GMP purpose of the primary theme is to Implementation Plan proposals, and identify the major interpretive the Going-to-the-Sun Road emphasis of that developed area, Rehabilitation Plan. whereas the secondary identified themes will also be addressed to a Going-to-the-Sun Road lesser extent within each area.] Rehabilitation Plan The Road Rehabilitation Plan Experiences describes changes in the existing Visitors along the road corridor will experience along the Road. have opportunity to obtain clear Upgrades, include defining parking information about all visitor spaces, Intelligent Transportation experiences and services in the System (ITS), Transit System, infor- park. Information and interpreta- mation panels, kiosks, improving tion will help them understand pur- vehicle and pedestrian circulation, pose and historical development of rehabilitating trails, adding transit the park and evolution of NPS stops for public tours, rehabilitating management (natural and cultural) or adding toilets, and installing philosophies. Activities will give exhibits and interpretive them a sense of the pre-automobile information. Accessibility codes and park experience when stagecoach, standards will be addressed. boat, hotel, chalet and horses dominated visitor facilities and Interpretive Focus Areas transportation. The Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor will be divided into seven Visitors will find readily available sections, each with its own focus sources of information and services theme(s). The story along the entire needed for a safe and enjoyable road corridor will be unified by the visit, including services and primary theme above. activities appropriate for special needs populations. People may visit West Portal: Focus themes - the road corridor in privately Ecology, with introduction to other

25 Recommendations

themes. a facility that provides for adequate orientation, as well as providing a Apgar / Lake McDonald: Focus space for a rich and enhancing themes - Ecology; Geology experience to underscore the multiple reasons for the continued Upper McDonald: Focus theme - existence of this park and their rea- Ecology sons for coming. An appropriately sized visitor center on the west side High Country: Focus themes - of the park will be the perfect Geology; Ecology; Wilderness opportunity for the kind of interpretation and information Upper St. Mary Valley: Focus visitors can carry with them as they themes - Geology; Wilderness journey through the park. When a new West Side Visitor Center is Lower St. Mary / Prairie: Focus constructed, the function of the themes - Geology; Ecology current visitor center will change. The building may be adapted for East Portal: Focus themes - Native other management function, includ- People, with introduction to other ing backcountry planning, educa- themes. tion services, continued use as a bookstore, or other administrative West Portal need. It could be used for a park Focus theme partner office or additional NPS The establishment of Glacier office space. Another option is to National Park and its geographic remove the structure and restore the location have enabled its ecological site to a natural appearance as a processes and biological diversity to mitigation of new visitor center survive relatively intact in a rapidly construction impacts. changing and encroaching world. West Side Visitor Center The west portal will also provide A new West Side Visitor Center visitors a more in-depth (WSVC) will provide initial introductory experience with all orientation to the park and interpret other primary interpretive themes. ecosystems, resources management and human interactions with the Apgar Visitor Center park environment. The visitor cen- Visitors need detailed information ter will introduce the park to visi- about park resources and tors as a scenic landscape shaped by experience opportunities shortly natural forces like glaciers, climate, after their arrival in the park. While fire and avalanche, and providing the building remains in use for habitat for a variety of plants and visitor contact, park interpreters animals. It will provide concise, and graphic designers can very ably basic information that lets visitors design, maintain, revise and replace move into the park quickly, if that is interim exhibits. their goal. It will also offer opportunity to obtain detailed information Regardless of the media inside the and interpretation for visitors who Apgar Visitor Center, this space have more time to spend in the cannot accommodate the visitation visitor center. the park receives. Visitors to a major national park deserve to experience The WSVC is targeted for the area

26 Recommendations immediately north of the "T" inter- Amphitheater section. Road and landscape design The park should retain the oppor- surrounding the building will tunity for traditional outdoor present the visitor center as a natu- campfire programs in an amphithe- ral stop on for people traveling the ater either at the existing site on the road, a funnel that encourages them shore of Lake McDonald (through to stop and properly prepare for redevelopment) or a new site their visit. Signage near the entrance between the visitor center and station will direct people to the Apgar Campground. visitor center. WSVC Interior Interpretive WSVC Exterior Interpretive Treatments Treatments Introduction Architecture Museum exhibits will identify, Architecture of the building should explain, and interpret a variety of reflect the natural and cultural envi- park resources, all six interpretive ronment of park resources and be themes, resource issues, and will sensitive to conservation and establish a context for other sustainable practices. Structural learning experiences in the park. design will facilitate thematic The exhibits serve not only to treatments and promote visitor flow enlighten, but will also address park between indoor and outdoor resources that might otherwise be elements of the complex, and be inaccessible to visitors, such as compatible with a transit center or wilderness and elements of the other facilities constructed for the park's extensive collection of Going to the Sun Road project. museum objects. This makes the West Side Visitor Center not just a It is important for the visitor center catalyst and tool for visiting the location to provide pedestrian park, but a part of the "real thing" access to Apgar Village and Lake visitors came to see. McDonald. After parking, visitors can walk to either the visitor center, The museum exhibits will focus on or shops and restaurants in the dramatic displays that convey the Village. Carefully planned signs, variety of meanings associated with wayside exhibits and logical and the primary themes. Display objects accessible walkways can facilitate must be appropriately housed, and way-finding. will lend to effective interpretation of the primary interpretive themes Trails in dedicated alcoves within the A short nature / history trail will space. Wherever possible, multiple link interpretive displays inside the perspectives will be incorporated visitor center with the plaza and into the storytelling to allow for a outdoor resources surrounding the wide range of relevant links for center. Small trailside exhibits can visitors to make with the park. introduce visitors to outdoor resources in a safe, comfortable Changing Exhibits setting that encourages them to seek The visitor center design will further immersion in park include a changing exhibits gallery resources. that will interpret special issues, seasonal experience opportunities, or reflect evolving research and

27 Recommendations

management activities. In addition multiple opportunities for personal to dedicated space for rotating connections. exhibits, design of some cases in the primary exhibit area will accept The high definition video produc- rotating, changeable objects and tion should be 15 - 20 minutes in displays. Changing exhibits espe- length, with a minimum of a three cially benefit repeat visitors, which channel, but more preferable, are common at Glacier. surround-sound audio mix. It should introduce the entire range of Specific exhibit descriptions, exhibit interpretive themes, but with the room layout and selection of media, overall focus of ecology. artifacts, objects, and detailed The specific format will be decided content will be accomplished closer to the pre-production phase during exhibit planning and design. to assure application of the most Audiovisual appropriate technology.

WSVC will be an opportunity for a One compelling way to incorporate major upgrade in visitor services at a number of themes and perspec- Glacier. A theater space will be tives into a program is through the designed to meet visitation use of multiple, diverse voices. This modeling projections for the site. It style enables divergent perspectives will have extensive audiovisual to coexist within a presentation and capabilities, including a projection allows the viewer to formulate their system to accept current technology opinions and questions based on software and digital media including the multiple perspectives they have public address, video projection, been exposed to. slide projection and computer generated activities such as Sales Area PowerPoint. Storage space will A Glacier Natural History accommodate backup equipment Association sales area to support and supplies. Controls will allow and extend interpretive operation from the information opportunities will be located out of desk, projection booth if supplied the main circulation path but easily and from the front of the auditori- seen from the lobby. A cash register um. at a sales desk, a storage area for inventory, security safe and A film or video will explore the park cooperating association work space and showcase the interpretive will be located convenient to the themes and resources for visitors. sales area. Adequate display and cir- The park will seek funding to culation space will be provided to develop an audiovisual program encourage people to browse. that reflects the complexity and significance of ecosystem resources Partnership Wall and depicts components of the An area will be set aside within the ecosystem that are difficult for most main visitor flow area of the struc- visitors to see as they travel through ture that will recognize the partners the park. Film and video is a great of the park, and in particular call format to evoke emotional respons- attention to those who worked to es, pose provocative questions to be help the structure become a reality. contemplated while visitors move This can be done creatively through through the park, and create a donor tree, or perhaps a

28 Recommendations

"mountain of support" that individ- of glaciation, revealing many ually acknowledges the efforts of chapters in the history of the Earth. individuals and donors to the effort. This area can also be a location for Interpretation the role of each partner of the park Several opportunities for visitors to to be featured with a text and personally contact uniformed graphics, showing the range of National Park Service personnel in-kind support provided as well as in this area will confirm National financial. Park status of the area. Interpretation activities presented Meeting Room by uniformed staff will include a A large multipurpose room with combination of media and per- moveable seating, work tables and sonal services. Park staff will audiovisual capabilities will be used focus on informal roving activities for a variety of activities. This space that provide contact opportunity will accommodate temporary for most visitors to the area. exhibits, classroom instruction for Evening presentations at camp- education programs, special ground amphitheaters and Lake meetings and in-park training with- McDonald Lodge represent the out interfering with public access to second priority of activity. The the theater and permanent exhibit potential to contact many visitors areas. Location on an outside wall with uniformed personal service will facilitate education activity links activities in campgrounds, lodge, between interior and exterior cabins and motel at Apgar needs spaces. Ideally the room will have a further exploration. Lake McDonald common wall with the theater to allow a convertible multi-purpose Going to the Sun Roadside space that includes the auditorium Experience Opportunities seating when appropriate. The Many pullouts, some placed for sce- room will accommodate talks, slide nic views and others for slow vehi- presentations, interactive programs cles, are available to visitors along and cultural demonstrations that the Apgar section of Going-to-the- cannot be presented outside. Sun Road. Some have historically Special events that relate to park been maintained to provide visitors themes can be presented in this a variety of views. Some large room to become an important part turnouts for slow moving of the park's interpretive program. vehicles are ambiguous for visitors who expect that the large parking Apgar/Lake McDonald area must include a visitor Focus themes experience opportunity such as an The establishment of Glacier exhibit, but do not. National Park and its geographic location have enabled its ecological The Apgar Transit Center's develop- processes and biological diversity to ment will play a major role in survive relatively intact in a rapidly guiding visitors to choices either changing and encroaching world. through transit services or by presenting information for them to The geologic features of Glacier make personal choices National Park combine natural beauty, examples of Park staff will identify all pullouts mountain-building, and the effects with interpretation or significant

29 Recommendations

visitor experience opportunities and Personal services opportunities transit stops. Some will be furnished exist through an historic walking with wayside exhibits interpreting tour of the buildings and grounds, visible resources representing focus perhaps in costume of a selected themes for the area. Others with time period. dramatic views will offer discovery sites without interpretive media. All Waysides pullouts determined to have inter- Additional wayside exhibits, if pretation or visitor experience deemed appropriate, will use avail- opportunities will be marked on able historic photographs to inter- park guide maps (primary informa- pret the lodge and link those uses to tion brochure, road guides, and natural resources in the park. transit kiosk) so visitors know there Wayside exhibits will be carefully are many attractive stopping sited for effective interpretation and experience opportunities in minimum intrusion on the historic addition to major developed areas. scene.

Lake McDonald Lodge complex Audiovisual The character of this area suggests The lodge auditorium is currently emphasis on human history stories the only indoor interpretive related to surrounding ecology and program facility on the west side of geology that attracted the people the park. It will remain an who created those stories. Park staff important location for a variety of will focus more interpretation at personal service and audiovisual this experience area with additional presentations until construction of media and personal services. the West Side Visitor Center.

Information/Orientation The auditorium will be upgraded to Park staff will work with concession improve visitor experience. managers to provide basic informa- Alternatives for physical accessibili- tion to visitors seven days a week, ty will be explored and the method twenty-four hours a day. An infor- that provides the greatest level of mation kiosk or panels inside the access possible while preserving the lodge could be developed to serve historic integrity of the structure concession patrons and other will be implemented. Upgrades will visitors who go into the lodge to see control extraneous noise and its rustic architecture and to enjoy provide for visitor comfort, notably its historic ambiance. by air temperature controls and weather proofing the walls and roof. The lodge auditorium or the adjoining space currently used by Exhibits concession staff for recreation Three possible locations might seems a logical space for more accommodate exhibits: lodge lobby, detailed information/ orientation recreation room, and auditorium. and some site specific interpreta- This LRIP supports previous pro- tion. Stories related to the park posals to locate an information / historical themes will focus on interpretation station in the space history of this lodge complex and currently used by concession staff other historic resources throughout for recreation. If that space cannot the park. be made available, consideration will be given to development and

30 Recommendations installation of a few small exhibits in level for visitors who want to fur- the auditorium and lodge lobby. ther explore the area.

Upper McDonald Creek The lower, more difficult to reach Focus theme area will offer an exploratory/dis- The establishment of Glacier covery experience for hearty National Park and its geographic visitors and will not require inter- location have enabled its ecological pretive media. processes and biological diversity to survive relatively intact in a rapidly Sacred Dancing Cascades changing and encroaching world. This area displays the oldest geologic formation on the west side Media and activities in this section of the park and an old growth of the Road corridor will focus forest. A trail offers potential for interpretation on stream ecology, interpretation of these resources including potential to see Harlequin with trailhead wayside exhibit and ducks and dippers at certain times trail publication. of the year. Media developed for this area will be appropriate for McDonald Falls both summer audiences and A few parking spaces and short shoulder season audiences who stroll let visitors view the falls. The participate in biking during the sensory experience paramount at spring and fall. Consideration can this location requires little interpre- also be given to developing tempo- tation media. The popularity of this rary winter season waysides for site for summer visitors and as a skiers who use the road corridor. winter ski destination offers opportunity to interpret the chang- Falls Area ing experiences available here dur- Upper Falls ing various seasons. Three levels of access offer three experiences from which visitors can Avalanche choose to meet their interests in Interpretive media developed for involvement with the resources at Avalanche visitor use area will focus this location. A top, middle, and on opportunities to learn about ava- bottom view of the falls each lanche dynamics including danger provides opportunity to expand and effects, participate in spring interpretation. birding activities, and experience old growth cedar / hemlock forest. The top, accessible overlook with Interpretation will capitalize on safety focused wayside could benefit opportunities to interpret park from additional interpretive text management and visitor responsibil- appropriate for all visitors. ity for stewardship evidenced by resource damage on this heavily The middle area visited by many hiked trail. Interpretation of park people will present wayside or issues and dilemmas is appropriate trailside exhibits with specific, in- even if answers to those problems depth interpretation of sites within are not currently available. In view from this location. Wayside addition, consideration of Native exhibit or sign in the middle area American uses of the area (origin of might introduce experience name?) may lead to additional inter- opportunities available in the lower pretive opportunities.

31 Recommendations

Planning The Loop This area receives intense and Road Rehabilitation Plan proposed mixed uses. A facility design, visitor improvements at the Loop include use and interpretation plan will be reconfiguration of the parking area developed to improve pedestrian to improve access to the Loop Trail flow, avoid use conflicts, and located outside the hairpin corner. provide high quality experiences for all appropriate uses. Formalization of the pedestrian options along the outside of the Red Rock lower road would provide a safe This existing roadside pullout is a area for scenic viewing. Wayside popular location for visitors to get exhibits will interpret ecology, fire, to McDonald Creek. Road rehabili- wilderness values, and road history. tation will include improvements in vehicle and pedestrian circulation East and west transit stops will within the existing parking area. include visitor information and Information and interpretive panels interpretive material. A transit stop will be provided to visitors. kiosk as described in parkwide rec- Rehabilitation of existing social ommendations-Wayside Exhibits trails to the creek and development will include a map showing this site of a defined formal trail, including in relation to other nearby sites, an accessible trail section to the information about the transit system Falls Overlook, will reduce resource and introductory interpretation of damage. Interpretation will relate site theme/stories. stories of syncline / geology and old growth forest to the ecology focus Road Camp theme for this area. Implementation of the Road Rehabilitation Plan will modify the Packers Roost existing parking area at this pullout A trailhead wayside exhibit will to improve safety by separating present appropriate information vehicle and pedestrian traffic. This about trail length, difficulty, time site offers an excellent opportunity requirement, safety issues, trail to improve the existing trail and connector opportunities, and stone steps, construct a small unique destination features along viewing platform, and clear selected the trail. vegetation to restore the scenic vista and provide additional opportuni- West Tunnel ties for interpretation. Previous suggestions for a small wayside exhibit in the tunnel This historic road camp - still in use positioned for visitors to look - emphasizes continued mainte- through the window while enjoying nance as part of the road story. In exhibit text should be tabled until a addition to development of a safe and accessible solution to wayside exhibit to tell the road story traffic and pedestrian flow can be at this location, a publication or implemented. In the meantime, audio tape will include this site and consideration should be given to all other appropriate features and incorporating ecology and information related to the road biological diversity messages in the story along Going-to-the-Sun Road. Loop area a short distance up the road from the west tunnel.

32 Recommendations

High Country pretation options appropriate for Focus themes this location. For example, wayside The geologic features of Glacier exhibits might introduce Weeping National Park combine natural Wall since lack of parking at that beauty, examples of mountain- site restricts opportunities for building, and the effects of interpretation. Information at Big glaciation, revealing many chapters Bend can introduce visitors to other in the history of the Earth. features along Going-to-the-Sun Road that have limited stopping The establishment of Glacier opportunities. The small pullout at National Park and its geographic Bird Woman Falls will be reserved location have enabled its ecological for overlook and brief picture processes and biological diversity to taking opportunity. survive relatively intact in a rapidly changing and encroaching world. Oberlin Bend Glacier National Park offers a vari- Developed visitor use facilities at ety of wilderness experiences that Oberlin Bend provide one of few provide the challenges and rewards opportunities to stop in the park of encountering nature on its own west of the Continental Divide. terms while conveying the necessity Telling theme-based stories at this of stewardship for the land. location can disperse experiences currently focused at Logan Pass and Big Bend reduce length of stay and The Big Bend pullout provides an concentration of impact at opportunity to improve the variety Logan. and quality of visitor experiences. The Road Rehabilitation Plan The accessible trail at proposed improvements include Oberlin Bend should be construction of a retaining wall maintained and improved, along the existing fill slope to and waysides installed provide room for formalized park- that are identified in the ing spaces and improved vehicle Amended Wayside Exhibit and pedestrian circulation. Plan. Improvement of social trails above the parking area will reduce impacts Roving interpretation is to vegetation and provide visitors appropriate at this loca- with a short hike away from the tion to provide personal road. Adequate restrooms at this interpretation and to location would disperse restroom reduce impact of car jams use at Logan Pass and help relieve caused by frequent goat congestion and length of stay at viewing opportunities. Logan. Logan Pass Area Looking Toward Logan Pass Interpretive exhibits and an exhibit The view from Logan Pass kiosk that can be removed during displays a classic glacially sculpted road closures and extreme snow landscape. The depression at the accumulations will provide inter- pass formed as Ice Age glaciers pretation and information about the carved Lake McDonald Valley to park. Media at Big Bend currently the west and Reynolds Creek/St. interprets Triple Arches and goats. Mary Valley to the east. This land- Park staff will explore other inter- scape lends to interpreting the

33 Recommendations

themes of geology reflected in natu- these conditions should be rally carved rocks and ecology illus- considered. trated by plant life and animals such as goats that frequent the area. Visitor Information Station Interpretation at Logan Pass will The facility at Logan Pass will be emphasize the interrelationships prominently identified as a location that exist among the plants, animals, for National Park Service visitor and the climate and weather that information. The facility is inade- created this distinctive environ- quate as a visitor center and should ment. Interpretation should include be promoted in literature and signs the fragility of these hardy plant and as a "information station" or "con- animal communities that are so tact station". Visitors arriving by vulnerable to human impact. automobiles will clearly identify the function of the facility, and as they Two access points from the parking approach the building on foot, its ot to the visitor information primary entrances will be easy to building and trailheads need locate. wayside and sign media to provide arriving visitors a welcoming Signs, publications, and maps will greeting, interpret the fragile alpine identify St. Mary and Apgar visitor environment, and present facilities as visitor centers. decision-making information. Promoting Logan Pass as an information station will help de-empha- Two clearly accessible decision size the currently perceived role of points will provide adequate the facility as a major destination. information to enable visitors to make appropriate choices about Personal services will dominate the how to get to various sections of the visitor experience inside the visitor information facility and trail- information station. Park staff and heads. One location is at the base of volunteers will provide information the visitor information building on current conditions and stairs, and will help visitors decide experience opportunities, answer among the restrooms, stairs to the orientation questions, and provide visitor facility interior, or accessible interpretation in response to specif- ramp to the upper visitor facility ic visitor interests. A few exhibits entrance and trailheads. The other will supplement personal services. location is outside the upper Compelling images and minimum entrance to the visitor facility, and text incorporated into exhibits will will help visitors decide to enter the quickly convey one or two building for additional information appropriate, overriding messages or choose among the trail options such as fragility and interrelation- available through the tundra. ships of sub-alpine environments. The combination of personal serv- Wayside exhibits and signs supple- ices and exhibits will quickly mented with site bulletins and trail provide needed information to guide publications as appropriate visitors and encourage them to visit will provide wayfinding and outdoor resources and interpretive decision-making information. Of media for thematic interpretation. particular interest in this area are the winter conditions that develop Park and cooperating association at the Pass. A wayside depicting staff will analyze the future need for

34 Recommendations a cooperating association sales Pass requires orientation. A trail sys- facility at this location. Enhanced tem map will be located at the trail sales areas at a rehabilitated St. junction outside the upper level Mary Visitor Center and a new West entrance to the contact station. A Side Visitor Center should be trailhead orientation exhibit with viewed as a means to diminish the map and trail information will be sales presence at Logan Pass. provided at the boardwalk trailhead Limited space in the Logan Pass vis- to Hidden Lake. The trailhead itor information station might be exhibit will present appropriate more effectively used to facilitate information about trail length, the primary functions described difficulty, time requirement, safety above. issues, and unique destination features along the trail. Wayside Exhibits A roadside transit stop within the An accessible loop trail should be existing parking lot at this location considered through the fragile will include a kiosk as described in sub-alpine area surrounding the Parkwide Recommendations - visitor contact station. The existing Wayside Exhibits. The kiosk will loop trail could be redesigned and include a map showing this site in relocated or a new trail developed relation to other nearby sites, infor- to provide the greatest feasible level mation about the transit system and of accessibility without damaging introductory interpretation of site resources. In addition, the theme/stories. krumholtz environment traversed by the accessible ramp might be Information/orientation wayside interpreted by one or two waysides exhibits at strategic locations will along its length. intercept visitors between the parking lot and the visitor contact A trailhead exhibit at the Highline station. Information at these outside Trail will present appropriate infor- locations will provide information mation about trail length, difficulty, and orientation when the time requirement, safety issues, and information station is closed, relieve unique destination features along congestion inside the building, and the way. The role of Granite Park provide a wider range of services Chalet in early park establishment and basic information. For example, and continued recreational use will a wayside exhibit (possibly with be interpreted through historic publication dispenser) at the photographs on the trailhead exhib- bottom of stairs leading from the it and at the chalet in consultation parking lot to the contact station with the authorized concessioner. will welcome visitors, provide way-finding, and introduce the con- Personal Services cept of fragile alpine resources. Personal services inside the visitor Fragility and stewardship messages contact station will provide oppor- will be reinforced at other locations tunities for all visitors to contact including the primary trailhead park staff when the facility is open. outside the upper information sta- Roving personal service activities tion entrance. will supplement the attended station to provide opportunity for visi- Trails tors outside the building to meet The complex trail system at Logan and talk to a Ranger surrounded by

35 Recommendations

significant resources. Guided walks tion will explain the fragility of scheduled to attract people before alpine resources, reinforce the need and after the busy period will for sensitive visitor use, and relieve congestion and reduce describe why people should stay in impacts to resources. In addition, a certain areas. formalized seating area should be developed to accommodate alpine Upper Saint Mary Valley talks and other programs, in addi- Focus themes tion to providing a place where visi- The geologic features of Glacier tors can rest. National Park combine natural beauty, examples of mountain- Staff at Logan Pass and the two building, and the effects of glacia- park visitor centers will inform peo- tion, revealing many chapters in the ple of busy time periods when history of the Earth. parking may be a problem and encourage visits during less crowd- Glacier National Park offers a ed times. More shuttles running variety of wilderness experiences more frequently will reduce crowd- that provide the challenges and ing by waiting passengers. Effective rewards of encountering nature on use of personal services will require its own terms while conveying the coordinated operations and integra- necessity of stewardship for the tion of personnel from all divisions land. to efficiently use available staff and effectively provide visitor service. Trailheads Rehabilitation of the most popular Lunch Creek developed trailheads in this section Going-to-the-Sun Road of the Road Corridor will enhance Rehabilitation Plan proposes to visitor safety and enjoyment. Clearly improve visitor safety at the existing identified trailheads will include a pullout by separating pedestrian trailhead exhibit that presents and vehicle circulation. appropriate information about trail Rehabilitation of a portion of exist- length, difficulty, time requirement, ing social trails will create a formal safety issues, and unique destination trail; removal and re-vegetation of features along the trail. remaining trails will re-establish natural landscapes. Improvements at the St. Mary Falls trailhead will upgrade facilities to Information and interpretation meet safety standards and enhance media will enhance visitor under- visitor enjoyment. Rehabilitation of standing of alpine resources. A visi- the existing trail would provide visible trail from the parking overlook tor comfort and safety. A transit stop provides opportunity to interpret information kiosk will display infor- history of human use. mation and orientation materials as Interpretation at this site will focus described in Parkwide on stewardship stories related to Recommendations - Wayside sub-alpine and alpine impacts. Exhibits. Exhibits will include a Interpreting these stories at this map showing this site in relation to location may reduce visitor length other nearby sites, information of stay and concentration of impact about the transit system, and at Logan Pass. Provocative Lunch introductory interpretation of site Creek information and interpreta- theme/stories.

36 Recommendations

Vehicle parking and pedestrian cir- Sun Point culation will be improved at the Sun Point developed area will be existing Siyeh trailhead pullout. used for road construction activities Separate east and west transit stops and as a site for information, park- will display information and orien- ing and shuttle staging during reha- tation materials as described above bilitation of Going-to-the-Sun for St. Mary Falls trailhead pullout. Road. Several improvements pro- A pedestrian walkway and cross- posed for this location will follow walk for trailhead access will pro- its use for construction. Facilities vide safe passage to rehabilitated will include restrooms, picnicking trails. Adequate, effective trailhead area, parking, trail and interpreta- signs will clearly identify the trail- tion area. The parking area will con- head. The trailhead exhibit will tinue to provide recreational vehicle present appropriate information parking and serve as an oversized about trail length, difficulty, time vehicle turn-around for visitors who requirement, safety issues, and cannot take their vehicles farther unique destination features along into the park. the trail. This site will become a shuttle Park interpretation managers will parking area as part of the park experiment with a variety of per- transportation system. A transit stop sonal services at St. Mary Falls and will be installed to provide basic Siyeh trailheads. If analysis reveals information, orientation and inter- that personal services can be pretation. A transit stop information applied effectively and efficiently at kiosk will display information and these locations, that media format orientation materials as described in will supplement wayside Parkwide Recommendations - interpretation. Wayside Exhibits. Exhibits will include a map showing this site in Wild Goose Island Overlook relation to other nearby sites, infor- Parking and safety improvements mation about the transit system, and proposed in the Going-to-the-Sun introductory interpretation of site Road Rehabilitation Plan will theme/stories. require a slight shift in road alignment so all parking sites are This area will be developed as a south of the road to eliminate need primary interpretation stop on the for pedestrians to cross the road. road corridor. Adaptation of the Social trails will be eliminated to existing storage area will provide a reduce resource damage and site for in-depth Sun Point viewing areas formalized. Scenic interpretation that expands upon views will be maintained by clearing the basic information provided at vegetation. the transit stop kiosk. A wayside exhibit kiosk will shelter several The park's revised Wayside Plan exhibits. calls for an interpretive panel here that should be located in an "out of A revitalized/relocated nature/histo- the way" location so as not to ry trail, preferably a loop to avoid intrude on the view. Design of visi- retracing route, will provide visitor tor facilities should focus on opportunities to experience area inspiration, contemplation, and resources. It will invite visitors to self-exploration. immerse themselves in the lakeside

37 Recommendations

forest, to travel to a spectacular view mation, possibly provided by move- of the lake, and to explore the site of able wayside exhibits. historic accommodations. Wayside trail signs will help visitors make a Lower St. Mary connection between themselves and Focus themes past uses to appreciate the values The geologic features of Glacier represented by Glacier National National Park combine natural Park resources. beauty, examples of mountain- building, and the effects of Sunrift Gorge glaciation, revealing many chapters The pullout at this location provides in the history of the Earth. opportunity for visitors to get to a popular trailhead and the scenic The establishment of Glacier Sunrift Gorge. Currently an unsafe National Park and its geographic road crossing creates safety location have enabled its ecological concerns for pedestrians and processes and biological diversity to motorists. Parking for visitors will survive relatively intact in a rapidly be improved by eliminating unsafe changing and encroaching world. parking areas from the north side of the road and formalizing parking Introduction and pedestrian circulation. This area extends from just west of East and west transit stops will be the eastern entrance to the park to incorporated into the pullout. A through the prairie section adjacent transit stop information kiosk will to St. Mary Lake and on to Rising display information and orientation Sun. This area provides opportunity materials as described in Parkwide for linking the road corridor pri- Recommendations-Wayside mary theme, human history, and the Exhibits. Waysides will include a focus themes for this interpretive map showing this site in relation to area, geology and ecology. For other nearby sites, information visitors entering the park from the about the transit system, and east this provides introductory introductory interpretation of site experiences in the park; for visitors theme/stories. traveling through the park from the west this experience area provides Jackson Glacier Overlook / opportunity to summarize connec- Gunsight Pass Trailhead tions between human activities and Vegetation clearing at the existing natural environments at Glacier and pullout for this popular scenic stop elsewhere else in the world. will be planned to maintain the scenic vista. Redesign of the pullout St. Mary will separate pedestrian and vehicle Guidance will be provided by the circulation to improve visitor safety. Road redevelopment plan. A transit stop will provide basic Improvements will address inter- visitor information. Wayside pretive facilities near the visitor exhibits will interpret wilderness center. Redesign of parking area and ecology themes reflected in the access, and entrance station and resources seen from this location. posting of appropriate signs will improve visitor safety and reduce Use of this site for a seasonal road congestion at the fee collection closure turn-around requires station. additional interpretation and infor-

38 Recommendations

Essential information provided by visitor center to complement this Travelers Information Station interpretive theme (see below). broadcasts and transit information media must be provided early in 1913 Ranger Station arrival experience to enable visitors Restore and maintain historic to make wise decisions concerning landscape character and structural their park experience. integrity of historic buildings at the ranger station. Stories at this Native American Cultural location will focus on early park Demonstration Area management, conflicts with Native Interpretation of Native American American values, and culture, history, point of view, and boundary/land use implications. relationship with park resources is an important component of inter- Nature / History Trail pretation on the east side of the A nature/history trail in the St. park, and supports a primary theme Mary area could link cultural stories of the park. Several components to the natural environment. A short, will be explored to heighten the accessible loop trail near the visitor level of interpretation of Native center would provide opportunities American stories. One such site for visitors to experience the east- might be a cultural demonstration side prairie/lake environment. The area near St. Mary Visitor Center. loop could include the Native Park interpreters and members of American camp / demonstration the Blackfeet Tribe, and area if established. A longer loop Confederated Salish and Kootenai trail could extend to the 1913 Ranger Tribes will plan this interpretation Station. together, including informal interpretation, personal services Two Dog Flats / Mackinaw Bay programs, and wayside exhibits. The park interpretation program will provide opportunities for self- The park will sponsor and facilitate interpretation and conducted programs by local community activities to interpret prairie ecology members and Blackfeet tribal in this experience area. Activities elders to demonstrate the historic will capitalize on forest and prairie and contemporary connection resources and views to the Blackfeet between Native American people Reservation to interpret wildlife, and their environment. The Chief of edge effect of forest and prairie, and Interpretation will collaborate with human history including edge effect tribal representatives and other of park/non-park landscapes. Native American organizations in planning, development, presenta- Rising Sun tion, and operation of interpretive Planned improvements at Rising activities and media relating to Sun include designation of a transit Blackfeet, Salish and Kootenai stop. A transit stop information culture and history. kiosk will display information and orientation materials as described in In addition, the park will initiate a Parkwide Recommendations- planning and design efforts to Wayside Exhibits. Exhibits will revitalize the interpretive exhibits, include a map showing this site in media, performance facilities, and relation to other nearby sites, infor- other displays in and around the mation about the transit system, and

39 Recommendations

introductory interpretation of site entation, and interpretation before theme/stories. proceeding into or exiting the park. The park should approach state and Interpretation will integrate with county road officials to identify other visitor services provided in areas where radio message signage this area - campgrounds, cabins, can be placed to inform visitors ear- boats, trails, food and gifts. Personal lier of the message system. service activities will include campfire programs in the campground As part of the road project, park and conducted boat trips. Non-per- staff and road engineers will sonal media, such as wayside consider changes to make visitor exhibits and bulletin boards, access decision-making as conven- will provide information and ient and clear as possible. They will interpretation at the picnic evaluate the feasibility of relocating area. the fee collection entrance station. The current location at the visitor Two trailhead panels will pro- center creates congestion and vide information confusion for visitors trying to make appropriate for hikers on the multiple decisions at a single point. . prairie and boaters on St. Mary Lake. Exhibits outside the visitor center St Mary Visitor Center for viewing as visitors approach the Lower St. Mary building entrance from the parking Focus theme lot could prominently introduce the The enduring connection between International Peace Park, World the Blackfeet, Salish, and Kootenai Heritage and Biosphere Reserve peoples and the landscape and designations, and the relationship resources of the area known as between the affiliated Native people Glacier National Park is reflected and the park's lands. Three dimen- through their history, sional logo/emblems, one represent- traditions, language, and ing each component of these contemporary values. designations, and brief text captions will sufficiently identify the signifi- The east portal will also provide cance of each concept and the role visitors an introductory experience of Glacier National Park in with all other primary interpretive maintaining integrity of those rela- themes. tionships.

St. Mary Visitor Center Interpretation Exterior New visitor center interpretation The visitor center function should will provide a context for be clearly identified to visitors on experiences throughout the park. Going-to-the-Sun Road. A large Exhibits and audiovisuals will pro- National Park Service arrowhead file all primary interpretive themes emblem and the words "VISITOR established for the park and inter- CENTER" visible from the road pret the Native People theme in would identify the building. detail. Visitors will be exposed to Roadside signs and travelers infor- the important relationship between mation station broadcasts should Indian people and the park. The encourage all visitors to stop at the flagpoles should be changed to be visitor center for information, ori- smaller and more manageable, and a

40 Recommendations third flagpole should be considered space. Some current space in front of the visitor center to obligations may exceed projected accommodate the flags of the U.S., need (auditorium); others may be Blackfeet, and Canada. inadequate in size or design (exhibit area). Cultural diversity of people in the Glacier region affects both content Lobby and treatment of interpretive Visitors will receive prompt, courte- services. Traditional inhabitants of ous, high quality personal service the region were Native Americans, upon entering the visitor center. A including people of the Blackfeet variety of information media will Tribe, the Confederated Salish and orient visitors to the park, explain Kootenai, and other tribes. A large experience opportunities and tell part of the Glacier National Park visitors what they can do to prepare story is their story. Today, their for a safe, enjoyable visit. Current, descendents make up a significant accurate, balanced, well-communi- segment of park neighbors, users, cated information will present all visitors and potential receivers of viewpoints and beliefs regarding the interpretive services. Interpretive area's people, history, and program planning, design, and resources. implementation at St. Mary require cultural awareness and sensitivity, as Redesign of visitor center interior well as consultation, and will enhance views to surrounding participation of the region's people prairie and mountain scenes and to in interpretation services. the proposed cultural demonstration area. Means to diminish the Structural Changes harshness of the light that comes Modification of the visitor center through the western windows interior will improve visitor should be explored. Redesign of circulation, effectively accommo- interior space may allow the views date lobby functions (information, to be "featured" at various angles interpretation, sales), and improve from inside the facility. layout options for proposed museum exhibits. Structural engineers Exhibits and Audiovisuals will determine feasibility of remov- New St. Mary Visitor Center ing interior partitions to more exhibits will primarily focus on the effectively use available floor space park's Native American theme, with for an expanded exhibit area that introductions to the other themes. integrates interpretation and sales The new audiovisual program rec- areas. If interior partitions can be ommended for showing at St. Mary relocated or eliminated, an Interior should be sensitive to the Native Design Plan will be developed to American theme, and not necessari- enhance visitor experience. The ly as all-inclusive as a second film plan will establish effective visitor that will shown in the future West traffic patterns, link interior and Side Visitor Center. Mutually sup- exterior spaces visually, physically, portive exhibit and audiovisual and thematically, optimize location components will present a holistic of functions - information desk, approach that provides an interpre- permitting desk, integrated tive depth not otherwise attainable. exhibit/sales area, audiovisual area, and efficiently utilize available

41 Recommendations

Designers will consider the should be developed. This program following ideas for exhibits when will create an opportunity to tell the completing an exhibit plan for St. stories of the park through Native Mary Visitor Center. perspective and complement the Native American displays will use exhibits planned for the St. Mary museum objects, touchable facility. Other short features should reproductions and tribal interviews be considered for the facility such as or video. Blackfeet culture, history, currently available Native People points of view, and relationship films like the production by Native with the environment will be inte- Voices titled "Transitions: grated into several exhibits. Salish Destruction of a Mother Tongue" and Kootenai, and other tribal which addresses Blackfeet culture perspectives should be included. and language. Exhibits might take the approach of presenting the park's interpretive Linkages themes through the eyes of the The length of road and variety of elders of the affiliated tribes, resources and stories in the Going- perhaps side-by-side with scientific to-the-Sun Road corridor requires treatments. Exhibits will incorpo- significant effort by interpretive rate contemporary Indian culture planners and managers to assure and society at all opportunities. visitors a comprehensive, cohesive Specific exhibit descriptions, exhibit experience. The following actions room layout and selection of media, will create linkages that help visitors artifacts, objects, and detailed con- understand park themes and enable tent will be accomplished during them to make personal connections the exhibit design concept phase of to the meanings and significance of planning. the park.

Audiovisuals Park interpretive managers will During redesign of the St. Mary develop corridor-wide interpreta- Visitor Center, the dedicated theater tion from two perspectives. Visitors space currently used to project an entering the park from the east will older slide show will be retained encounter presentations reflecting and improved. The theater has a human history use of road. Visitors nice projection area and sloped entering from the west will find floor, but can use some updating. interpretive media and activities that Improved acoustics, sound system, provide an ecosystem perspective. electrical system, screen, curtains, and projection equipment will Wayside exhibits and many pullouts include best available current tech- and additional facilities such as nology. restrooms, trails, and transit stops will flatten and disperse experience Currently a Discovery opportunities throughout the road Communications film is planned for corridor to take pressure of intense the visitor center which should use off Logan Pass. Wayside exhibit serve the park's needs for at least 5 and publication maps will clearly years. In the future, a short film that show visitors the extensive visitor will focus on the cultural history of experience opportunities available the affiliated tribes, their relation- along the road corridor. ship to the area, and their traditions, both historical and contemporary

42 Recommendations

The park should develop a information sheets attached to brochure that parallels a potential responses to information requests audio tour for use by visitors who would provide additional sources of choose not to use audio format. The information. Public service brochure will provide continuity of announcements on regional radio experiences and show inter-rela- and television and an enhanced ITS tionship of the road corridor theme radio/computer system in the park with all other themes developed for will supplement message signs along the park. Design and content of the the road. Handout publications at brochure will encourage visitors to entrance stations would provide link road stories to the surrounding information to visitors who have not wilderness areas. received pre-arrival information. Well informed traffic flaggers will be An expanded transit service will be encouraged to provide insights and implemented as a mitigation meas- updates on road work. Concession ure during road rehabilitation to employees and park staff should be facilitate visitor access along the provided with information and Going-to-the-Sun Road. Transit suggestions about how to best expe- vehicles will operate in both direc- rience the park during road work. tions along the road during the peak visitor season. Transit stops will be Many Glacier developed at major trailheads and Interpretive Focus Themes key visitor attractions. On the west The geologic features of Glacier side, a new transit parking area will National Park combine natural be located near Apgar at the site of beauty, examples of mountain the proposed West Side Visitor building, and the effects of glacia- Center. On the east side, existing tion, revealing many chapters in the parking at the St. Mary Visitor history of the Earth. Center will be reconfigured to accommodate parking for visitors Glacier's cultural resources chroni- using the transit system. Audio or cle the evolving history of human publication media and personal activities, interactions, and services on transit vehicles and way- experiences in the American west, side media at transit stops will link that reveal changes in societal all sites into a logical, attitudes about land and its uses. comprehensive, unified system. Experiences Timely and accurate information The Many Glacier Valley provides will be the essential component to excellent opportunities to see providing quality visitor experiences geologic features and to learn about during road rehabilitation. A variety past geologic events. Glaciers in the of methods should be used to valley are the most accessible in the communicate information to park park, and a broad range of visible visitors. Interactive information on geologic characteristics include the the park web site and links to the Lewis over-thrust, stromatolites, park web page from other glaciers and glacial landforms, and government, business and tourism depositional layers. sites will provide essential information needed by visitors to effectively Cultural sites in the Many Glacier negotiate the road corridor during Valley demonstrate western rehabilitation. Road rehabilitation expansionism and national park 43 Recommendations

promotion and development. The photographs will interpret lodge historic townsite of Altyn offers history and natural history topics. opportunity to learn about The updated wayside exhibit plan Indian/white conflict and the will address existing needs and exploitation of natural resources. determine what additional exhibits The area was one of the most heavi- can be developed to bring to light ly mined areas of the park, which untold stories such as the CCC and was a major factor in the 1895 the Buffalo Soldier contingent that purchase of the land from the visited this and other areas of the Blackfeet. The National Historic park. The opportunity exists to Landmark Many Glacier Hotel, its develop a free-standing kiosk in the architecture, associated historic Swiftcurrent area and a mini-publi- buildings and trails, and the cation or site bulletin for this area. Swiftcurrent Auto Camp Historic District provide a backdrop for Information information regarding railroad Visitors need places to get informa- promotion and park tion other than from the lodging development. desk clerk and the Ranger Station. The permit issue function of the The juxtaposition of a station will continue, but the historic hotel and other information function currently National Register prop- available at this site should relocate. erties and critical Development of new information wildlife habitat provides sites in areas frequented by visitors excellent opportunities will provide effective, thorough for learning about the information that meets the needs of challenges in protecting most visitors. natural and cultural Swiftcurrent Lake Reflection resources of the park. Park staff will work with concession managers to determine the feasibili- Recommendations ty of an information station at the Interpretation Many Glacier Hotel. The station, Interpretation in the Many Glacier designed for staffed or self-service geographic area will emphasize the presentation, will provide basic "American Alps" character of ter- information to visitors seven days a rain and geology that contributed to week, twenty-four hours a day. the historic and current uses of this section of the park. Interpretive sto- Swiftcurrent ries will focus on the concept of An obvious NPS interpretive pres- "evolution of visitor accommoda- ence is an important element at the tions" depicted by the progression heavily used Swiftcurrent developed of use types from tipi camp to trail- area. Personal services in roving, er camp to lodge. stationed and conducted programs formats are used and should be Current interpretation in the Many continued and expanded when Glacier area focuses on personal possible. services. Additional media formats will assure all visitors opportunity to Consideration will be given to easily find the information and establishing and staffing an interpretation they want. Wayside information kiosk in the parking lot exhibits using available historic or inside concession-operated

44 Recommendations facilities at least part time. tion will address wildlife viewing opportunities as a sub-theme of the The Swiftcurrent campfire circle area. Park interpretive, resource should be relocated to more management and planning man- effectively and efficiently accommo- agers should work to create safe, date a variety of activities, eliminate accessible view areas to diminish or a perennial smoke problem (when eliminate vehicle jams along the campfires are used), and improve roads in the area. For example, a seating and audiovisual capabilities. location on the road between the Swiftcurrent restaurant and Many Many Glacier Hotel Glacier Hotel will offer visitors an Park interpretive managers will opportunity to safely stop and coordinate with the concession watch bear activity on the slopes manager to evaluate potential for above the road. Selected view sites improved visitor information and will be provided with appropriate interpretation. A staffed information viewing platform and wayside desk, static information exhibit, exhibits. and/or a computer kiosk in the hotel lobby can provide information Trails about things to see and do in the Park managers should develop Many Glacier geographic area. better signage and improve grades of the series of short trails currently Upgrade of the hotel personal serv- used by many visitors. One example ice and audiovisual presentation site is the Swiftcurrent Trail, a portion in the Lucerne Room in coopera- of which can be made accessible for tion with the concession operator mobility impaired visitors. Another should be coordinated to improve example includes development of visitor experience. Improved designated paths that provide lighting, soundproofing and ventila- visitors safe access from Many tion will reduce intrusive exterior Glacier Hotel to other important light, control extraneous noise and sites. Trail publications or trailside provide visitor comfort. exhibits will provide interpretation Rehabilitation or replacement of on these and other short trails such existing exhibits will assure that as a loop nature/history trail around they effectively address the focus the lake. Centrally located trail themes established for Many exhibits will further help clarify Glacier. walking and hiking options.

Any development and use of the Goat Haunt/Belly River Lucerne Room, lobby, or porch of Interpretive Focus Themes the hotel for interpretive and Glacier National Park offers a information functions will reflect variety of wilderness experiences sensitively to historic integrity of the that provide the challenges and structure. The historic structures rewards of encountering nature on report, guidelines for use presented its own terms while conveying the in this long-range interpretive plan, necessity of stewardship for the and the park's Commercial Services land. Plan will guide decisions. Glacier National Park's designation Wildlife Viewing as part of the world's first A significant portion of interpreta- International Peace Park celebrates 45 Recommendations

on-going peace, cooperation, and tion about trail lengths, difficulty, goodwill between two nations, and time requirements, and unique symbolizes the ideal of peace destination features including Belly between all nations. River Ranger Station Historic District. Safety information will Experiences include orientation to recreation in Visitors will have opportunity to bear country and regional weather immerse themselves in the scenic issues. A third panel bulletin case landscape, to recognize the interna- will present changing information. tional connectivity of the ecosystem, and to appreciate the vast wildness Belly River Ranger Station that transcends human boundaries. A small wayside exhibit on the Visitors will have many interpretive ranger station porch should be con- opportunities, including a multi- sidered to supplement an old relief nation boat trip, hikes in solitude, map on the outside wall of the and day-use or extended backcoun- station. As an alternative, a brochure try excursions. Visitors can compare interpreting the Belly River area can and contrast the mountain splendor be distributed at the ranger station, and complex resources that place trailhead, and visitor centers. the wildness of the area within reach of most visitors. Waterton Visitors need information about Recommendations opportunities and limited facilities Belly River at Goat Haunt before they board Chief Mountain International the boat in Waterton for transport Highway to Glacier National Park. It is Wayside exhibits will be provided at impossible to stay at Goat Haunt for pullouts along the road where day-hiking without advance determined appropriate by the planning. Likewise, visitors National Park Service and the disembarking from boats at Goat Blackfeet Nation. Interpretive Haunt should experience non-per- exhibits will focus on the geologic sonal and personal services that phenomenon of Chief Mountain, relate aspects of the International views into Glacier National Park, Peace Park theme. international peace and the three nations, and Chief Mountain's Park interpretive managers should sacred status in Blackfeet and other consider expanding partnerships cultures. with Parks Canada, Prince of Wales Hotel, and the concession operating Trailhead Near Chief Mountain the boat service to Goat Haunt that Non-personal media, possibly three enhance Goat Haunt information vertical information panels, will and interpretation. At least three serve users of this area. One panel points of visitor contact could be will provide information for horse developed including Waterton users and hikers about proper Information Center, the Prince of backcountry trail etiquette, mini- Wales Hotel, and the boat dock / mum impact techniques, and safety pavilion. in a backcountry national park. The second panel will present a map of Waterton Information Center hiking trails available from this Glacier National Park interpretive trailhead. It will provide informa- managers should cooperate with

46 Recommendations

Waterton Lakes National Park staff interpret the international boundary to improve National Park Service and peace park designation of presence at the Waterton Waterton Lakes and Glacier Information Center. For example, National Parks. Parks Canada might provide space for a small counter, brochure A site identifier exhibit inside the dispenser, exhibits, and video or hotel should be developed to computer viewer to provide provide a view down the lake to information about experience Goat Haunt. The exhibit will opportunities and requirements at identify several visible features in Goat Haunt. Waterton Lakes National Park, Glacier National Park, the interna- Consideration should be given to tional boundary, and Goat Haunt. It expanding the seasonal ranger will also let people know where and exchange program. This program how to obtain additional will provide a National Park Service information about visiting Goat interpreter to staff the Waterton Haunt. Information Center and provide informal visitor contacts and formal An in-room information folder or presentations to visitors at Waterton page in the hotel services directory Lakes National Park all summer. A will provide information about the Parks Canada interpreter will boat trip on Waterton Lake and the provide similar exchange services at opportunities and limitations that St. Mary Visitor Center, or the should be considered in planning a Many Glacier area. This was a very trip to Goat Haunt. popular program in the past and helped emphasize the International Goat Haunt Peace Park relationship of both Concession interpretation on the national parks. boat trip from Waterton to Goat Haunt focuses on the international Boat Dock boundary and its political and A wayside exhibit with information ecosystem implications. Narration about visiting Goat Haunt should be and publications should be developed in partnership with the developed in partnership with Parks boat concession managers to Canada, National Park Service, and replace the bulletin board currently the boat concessioner in order to at the boat dock facility. complement park themes and provide necessary visitor informa- Hotel tion during the boat ride to and Glacier National Park will seek from Goat Haunt. cooperation from Prince of Wales Hotel managers to improve Peace Pavilion interpretation of Waterton - Glacier Media at the pavilion will provide International Peace Park. basic orientation to Goat Haunt resources and facilities, A wayside exhibit on the lawn out- introductory information about trail side the hotel and overlooking opportunities, and interpretation of Waterton Lake and Goat Haunt (in peace park concepts. Parks Canada design) can provide a significant service to guests and The Peace Pavilion needs structural visitors to the hotel. The exhibit will renovation, and new interpretive

47 Recommendations

treatments. The National Park pavilion will invite visitors to read Service will collaborate with Rotary thoughts on peace left by others International to develop the stories and to write their own ideas of and exhibits to be located at the peace to share with future visitors. pavilion. Installation of large windows in the existing front wall A trail system map depicting all should be considered to create a trails in the Goat Haunt area will view from the shelter to the lake, accompany other exhibits in the mountains, and the "Snowflake". A pavilion. The map and text will new back wall should be considered provide basic introduction to trails to shelter visitors while they are in in the area and orientation to hiking the pavilion while buffering the etiquette, safety, and minimum shelter experience from distractions impact techniques. of nearby camping huts. Re-aligning the trail between the boat dock and Wayside exhibit technology will be the pavilion and between the pavil- used for durability in the open ion and the Snowflake structure pavilion. would improve accessibility for all visitors. Minor changes in width Snowflake and slope of the pavilion to The "Snowflake" shelter will pro- "Snowflake" shelter trail will make vide orientation, interpretation and this trail accessible also. trail use opportunities. The shelter Basic information provided at the will serve as a focus point for non- pavilion will relieve stress on personal and personal services. It customs rangers who are frequently will serve as the culminating site for swamped when tour boats deliver the International Peace Park hike. 200 people in surges. Information New interpretive exhibits at this routinely requested by visitors shelter will reflect an umbrella should be provided at the pavilion theme of International Management in many languages, including and the scope of World Heritage English, French, Blackfeet, and sites throughout the world.. other languages determined appropriate. Trails Small trailside exhibits will interpret The pavilion is a great place within features along the trail connecting the park to discuss the peace park the Peace Pavilion and Snowflake theme using stories related to bor- shelter. A trailhead exhibit near the der issues. The gathering of people ranger station will show the exten- on a boat to get to the site, the sive hiking trail system available crossing of international border, from this location. An inset map will and the walk up to the pavilion set detail short trails in the immediate the stage for thoughts on peace, vicinity, encourage people to partic- politics, and access to lands. ipate in short walking opportunities, Interpretation should provoke and provide trail safety and eti- thoughtful reflection and encourage quette information. The trailhead visitors to think about peace and exhibit will include trail lengths, dif- develop their own conclusions. ficulty, time requirements, and unique destination features. Safety The evolution of the peace park information will include orientation concept should also be interpreted. to recreation in bear country and Public journals displayed in the regional weather issues.

48 Recommendations

TWO MEDICINE / CUT Crown of the Continent ecosystem BANK and the need for preservation of these important resources. At all Interpretive Focus Themes TIS locations effort should be made The geologic features of Glacier to established notification signs National Park combine natural along the park's perimeter roads to beauty, examples of mountain inform visitors of the TIS service. building, and the effects of glaciation, revealing many chapters East Glacier Ranger Station in the history of the Earth. Additional orientation and information about the park will be provided The enduring connection between at this location through bulletin the Blackfeet, Salish, and Kootenai board upgrades, wayside and publi- peoples and the landscape and cation media. resources of the area known as Glacier National Park is reflected Glacier Park Lodge through their history, traditions, This is the first hotel constructed by and contemporary values. the Great Northern Railway in the Glacier National Park area and Experiences continues as headquarters for the Visitors will have opportunity to "Red Bus" transportation system immerse themselves in the scenic through the park. landscape and to understand the rich cultural history of the area. The National Park Service will seek Many interpretive experience cooperation of lodge managers to opportunities include talks, walks provide additional and appropriate and reflection upon past, current wayside exhibits and park informa- and future human relationships tion displays at the train station and with the ecosystem. This area is rich lodge. in tradition for past and current Indian people. Opportunity to provide uniformed rangers to operate an information Recommendations station in the hotel lobby and to East Glacier present evening programs in the Travelers Information Stations hotel will be explored with hotel (TIS) managers. TIS radio message repeaters are in place at St. Mary and West Glacier. Two Medicine They provide visitors with 24-hour Native Americans, principally information about hazards, road members of the Blackfeet Tribe, conditions, and weather. use this area for a variety of Consideration will be given to recreational and spiritual activi- establishing an additional broadcast ties. Design of interpretive media station near East Glacier. In will build upon the opportunity addition to the traveler information for Blackfeet people to connect provided above, the station will with the park and its resources. welcome visitors to the park, Media will be supplemented Blackfeet Chicken Dancer describe visitor experience with services provided by seasonal opportunities, and identify and and permanent employees hired encourage participation in available from Blackfeet communities to the experience opportunities. It might greatest extent possible. also introduce the concept of 49 Recommendations

Trails primary themes for this area, Running Eagle Falls is currently the Geology and Native People. only wheelchair accessible nature trail on the east side of the park. The backcountry permit writing Existing trailhead signs present staff and the campground hosts information in English and contact the day use visitors in the Blackfeet languages. Signs will be area. Personal interpretive services revised to identify the languages are limited, in part due to funding as used so all visitors understand that well as housing shortages. A more these two languages were selected visible day-presence of uniformed because of the significance both rangers and interpreters will help cultures place on the resources at identify the national park status of Two Medicine. the area, provide enhanced sharing of information, and offer half-day Opportunities exist to share hikes and evening programs. resource protection messages with visitors and local residents who use Rest Room Building the trail. Many local residents are The sheltered area at the restroom repeat visitors to this area of the building will accommodate wall or park, and many of them feel a per- floor mounted wayside exhibits. sonal history connection to the area. Exhibits will introduce the two That interest provides potential for focus themes for area, provide partnership between national park general information and orientation, managers and local native people. and display a geographic area trail Cooperative programming can system map. Park interpretive relate stories about Native American managers will coordinate with the connections to the park and serve Blackfeet Nation to determine both National Park Service and appropriate interpretation for this Blackfeet Nation interest in area addressing park themes and/or protection of resources in this area. Two Medicine from an Indian perspective. The large parking area at the Scenic Point trailhead provides opportuni- Wayside Kiosks ty to contact many visitors with Wayside exhibit kiosks will be wayside exhibits. A resource developed at the picnic area, boat preservation wayside will build on dock on Two Medicine Lake, and the preservation message at the Pray Shelter at the head of the Running Eagle Falls Trail. Other lake. A significant opportunity exists wayside exhibits might interpret at the picnic area for outreach to Native American stories, a human local residents. Wayside exhibits at history transportation theme, the this location might interpret Native chalet system, and biology of the American connection to resources, area. Indian and National Park Service stewardship of resources, and the Trailhead panels at each trail will differences and similarities of land include a map, trail length, difficul- and resource uses by various cul- ty, destination features, and safety tures. Exhibits might also interpret information specific to each site. collecting of plants for medicines Two Medicine Ranger Station and picking of berries for foods. Information and exhibits at the Opportunity exists at the Pray ranger station will feature the two Shelter (head of lake) for interpret-

50 Recommendations ing any/all of the topics mentioned in this area. Visitor activities cur- where visitors get on and off tour rently offered include front country boats several times daily. camping, back country camping, boating (non-motored at Kintla and Cut Bank Ranger Station area motorized at Bowman) on lakes and Wayside exhibit interpretation at rivers, fishing, hiking, climbing, Cut Bank should capitalize on cross country skiing and snowshoe- opportunities to share Native ing, wildlife watching, horseback American perspectives and inspire riding, sightseeing, rafting and pride in Native American heritage canoeing, photography, and infor- for the present generation of users. mal information from rangers and Stories might include Blackfeet and volunteers. other uses of resources. Other stories will reflect the importance of Recommendations the area as a mountain pass and Overview transportation route for Salish and Interpretation in these areas will Kootenai, and Anglo-American rely on a variety of personal and travel ways. non-personal services developed by the National Park Service and part- NORTH FORK / MIDDLE ners. Park interpretive managers FORK will establish a program of consis- Interpretive Focus Themes tent funding and shared positions to conduct periodic informal interpre- Glacier's cultural resources chroni- tive services in this geographic area. cle the evolving history of human National Park Service produced activities, interactions, and experi- wayside exhibits will provide inter- ences in the American west, that pretation at several locations. reveal changes in societal attitudes Examples of potential partnerships about land and its uses. include cooperation with Isaac Walton Inn, cooperation with The establishment of Glacier Burlington Northern / Santa Fe on National Park and its geographic protection of the Middle Fork location have enabled its ecological Corridor, and coordination with processes and biological diversity to park concessions and rafting survive relatively intact in a rapidly companies to provide effective changing and encroaching world. interpretation. Experiences North Fork Interpretation at these sensitive Interpretation areas of the park will support exist- Several interpretive stories are ing GMP and management goals for appropriate for this area, including minimum impact. Visitors will have homesteading, fire as part of the opportunity to participate in passive park environment, wildlife, and informal visitor services to under- resources management. Bear issues stand the uniqueness of resources include human/bear interactions, in this area. Visitors can find soli- bear population linkage, and bear tude to the extent they want to management. Wolf interpretation appreciate the remoteness and will reflect current data from wildness of the area. research in this wolf study area. River use, winter ski use, wilderness Wayside exhibits, including bulletin experiences and auto touring near boards, will be the primary media boundaries dominate experiences 51 Recommendations

used. As with the Middle Fork, provide information needed at opportunity exists to share informa- significant decision-making points. tional messages, mandates, and stories from the Forest Service, state The Forests and Fire nature trail Department of Natural Resources, needs updating to reflect recent and other neighboring agencies. fires, including the trail guide and waysides along the path. Travelers Information Stations TIS radio message repeaters are in Seasonal Uses place at St. Mary and West Glacier. Visitor use of Camas Road and the They provide visitors with 24-hour Inside North Fork Road as a winter information about hazards, road ski routes and spring/summer/fall conditions, and weather, and are bicycle routes offers opportunity for easily changed and updated by seasonally rotating moveable phone. Consideration should be exhibits for interpretation and given to establishing an additional information delivery. broadcast station at Polebridge. In addition to the traveler information Middle Fork provided above, the station will Wild, backcountry areas with little welcome visitors to the park, developed access into the park pro- describe and encourage participa- vide opportunities for self-reliant tion in available visitor experience exploration and true wilderness opportunities, and also introduce experiences where camping is not resource protection messages. restricted to designated sites.

Inside North Fork Road Roadside Interpretation The park's GMP calls for mini- Transportation corridors along mum/passive interpretive treatment highway, railroad, and national sce- in the North Fork area, but the nic river provide opportunities for primary theme of human history cooperative interpretation. Shared will be the focus of waysides, trail stewardship (National Park Service, markers, or self-guided leaflets US Forest Service, produced for this area of the park. Burlington/Northern) requires coordination among several partner Lack of paved road and difficult agencies to offer improved interpre- access discourages large recreation- tation along these corridors. US al vehicles on the Inside North Fork Forest Service campgrounds along Road. The road will continue to road offer potential for interpretive provide opportunity for visitors services. Train interpretation will be with the proper vehicles to explore supported through periodic meet- this heavily forested area with few ings with park volunteer staff from interspersed meadows. Klondike Gold Rush that travel periodically on Amtrak through the Auto pullouts, self-guided trails and area. Additional interpretation along wayside exhibits on Camas Road US 2 can include travelers informa- provide adequate interpretation. tion broadcasts and wayside Upright wayside exhibits or travel- exhibits where appropriate. ers information radio broadcasts at Location of park, park experience each end of the road is appropriate opportunities, and wilderness and (if power is available) to describe preservation messages will be inter- opportunities and conditions and to preted from several sites along the

52 Recommendations road. Service wayside exhibits and possibly a travelers information Trails radio broadcast station established National Park Service assistance if power and phone service is possi- with management (patrol) of river ble. New wayside exhibits will iden- use creates opportunity to provide tify the location of Glacier National interpretation and safety messages Park in relation to the Marias Pass through publications and personal pullout and interpret the role of the services during contact with river railroad and the importance of the users. Crown of the Continent ecosystem.

Fire lookouts are a destination for EDUCATION STRATEGY many people. Publications and trailhead/access point exhibits can Interpretive Focus Theme interpret these important features. The park education program goals will be grounded in the Purpose Trailhead parking, an information and Significance Statements of the bulletin board, and occasional visi- park, and be complementary to the tor contacts are provided at the primary and secondary interpretive Walton Ranger Station. Future themes identified in this plan. interpretive services and media should provide river and trail infor- Experiences mation and interpretation. River The mission of the National Park and trail map publications and a Service is to protect and preserve trailhead exhibit will provide need- resources for future generations. ed information for land and water- Those future generations can based activities. become aware of the natural environment, learn about the Goat Lick historic and cultural environment, The Goat Lick parking area features gain knowledge of the National a wayside exhibit and a short trail to Park Service, and become protec- an overlook. tors of their American heritage through exposure to stories and Marias Pass gaining insight on relevance of these Monuments and wayside exhibits at resources through educational Marias Pass parking area will be experiences. Participants in the examined with Lewis and Clark Glacier National Park National Forest representatives in curriculum-based education pro- order to tell stories at this important gram will learn to connect people, visitor pullout. The site can be parks, and natural and cultural supplemented with National Park resources. Formal Education Programs Education programs are currently offered that provide park-developed curricula and serve students and schools throughout the area. The park and local school organizations would benefit from an increase in the number of programs available, and more direct links between the Beargrass along Highland Trail programs and established district 53 Recommendations

and state curriculum goals. The program should reach diverse revised program could take groups, reflect cultural sensitivity advantage of learning styles, levels and reach parents through the stu- and grades as appropriate, and a dents involved in the program. more seamless integration of park- Education stakeholders need to be wide efforts currently in place. In involved in evaluation of activities short, a park education strategy that and development of programs as meets the standards and expecta- needs are identified. tions of the NPS' Parks as Classrooms program and articulates Crown of the Continent the other educational functions that Research Learning Center the park serves. In addition, park (CCRLC) staff should be available to provide The Crown of the Continent direct teacher support, field Research Learning Center assistance, and classroom involve- (CCRLC) is housed in park build- ment by rangers to augment experi- ings in West Glacier. Research ences obtained in the park. At the Learning Centers are part of the center of development of any cur- National Park Service "Natural riculum based program should be Resource Challenge" initiative, the special significance of Glacier which is designed to strengthen National Park to the surrounding scientific knowledge about region, country, and world commu- America's national parks and nity. disseminate that knowledge to many audiences. Glacier's center Park dialogue with educational will focus on attracting researchers, institutions and development of educators, and students to the park creative projects that challenge stu- by offering office and computer dents would facilitate a feeling of facilities as well as classroom and "stewardship" of the park by the living accommodations. A major educational community. These goal of the CCRLC is forming part- stakeholders need access to trans- nerships with academic, private sec- portation to and from the park, tor and governmental researchers to availability of substitute teachers, an increase the amount and quality of adequate supply of educational park-specific research. An equally materials and knowledge about important goal is to develop tools grants or other sources of funding. that bring up-to-date information to They would most benefit from a park staff and the public. program that is curriculum-based, age appropriate, and useful in Recommendations meeting school district instructional criteria. This effort should rely Continue using existing facili- heavily on teacher workshops so that teachers will have ownership in ties and programs and develop the effort and extend the effective- new ones as time and funding ness of the park staff in providing a permits. continuum of learning for students. The program should focus on A permanent environmental educa- hands-on fieldwork that is fun and tion facility on the west side will offers freedom to experiment and provide adequate space to direct contact with Glacier and its accommodate indoor school group resources. The formal education activities. Site of the facility will be located off the main road to reduce 54 Recommendations safety risks for children participat- A prime focus for future program ing in the education program. An development will be integration of off-road location also enhances several school subject/content areas. educational experiences by placing New activities developed for the the program center in resources education program will reflect reflecting the park's natural and real-life applications to be compati- cultural values. Ideally such a facility ble with current school require- on the west side of the park will be ments. Format of activities will located in the West Side Visitor provide multilevel opportunities Center, or possibly within the space within each unit for different levels vacated by the current visitor center of learning and interest within each when the new facility is construct- participant group. ed. The park must explore distance On the east side, consideration learning opportunities for compati- should be given to using the bility with current technology used commons room of the dorm during by schools and to effectively reach the off season, and making the 1913 schools with restrictions on travel. Ranger Station useable during the shoulder seasons for educational Establish an education special- programs. ist position and advisory group. The park's education efforts will fit established state curricula of Active and direct involvement with Montana and reflect national cooperating school districts will be standards. All outcomes will serve necessary to assure a well-coordi- local school district educational nated, beneficial education objectives in all units. Pre-visit experience for all groups. An educa- materials and activities will prepare tion specialist located within the teachers and students for a benefi- Division of Interpretation and cial visit. Post-visit activities will Education will coordinate the park reinforce topics covered to extend curriculum-based education pro- learning experiences throughout gram and attend faculty meetings, the school year. Time spent at the in-service workshops, seminars, park will include activities in a and other teacher gatherings. The curriculum-based education center, coordinator and other rangers or an immersion in the resources in volunteers will visit schools within the park, and a visit to the park commuting distance to encourage visitor centers to learn from exhibit cooperation between the park and and audiovisual media. school districts.

Current restrictions and school Creation of an advisory and budget cuts reflect a need for park implementation group will provide staff to go out to schools, and for outside perspectives to help the schools to find alternative funding park education staff generate new support. The park program will interpretation/education ideas. The focus on offsite (school) activities group will include representatives (personal and non-personal) with from school districts participating the culminating activity being a visit in the program, education associa- to the park. tions, university professors and state department of education represen-

55 Recommendations

tatives. Group members may also clear guidelines will help new teach- assist with classroom instruction ers feel comfortable in their role as and presentation of teacher work- classroom and outdoor education shops. Several classroom teachers leaders. will be included in the advisory group to assure that activities Current participation in continuing developed align with classroom education courses by experienced requirements. Park recruiting and classroom teachers is impacted by hiring officers will seek classroom changes that make teacher training teachers as summer seasonal more directed and less discre- employees to supplement the tionary. Park education staff must educational expertise represented work closely with schools to devel- on the advisory group. The park op a program of teacher training education specialist may also that reflects current school needs so convene a series of meetings with school administrators will allow teachers to develop activities that teachers to participate in park edu- reflect current teacher needs. cation activities. A special opportunity exists at Glacier because of the Implement professional train- presence of the CCRLC resource ing and internship programs education specialist, who can for employees and education support the development of teacher partners. learning opportunities at all levels of instruction. The park's education program should produce well-educated, The park should consider an educa- informed teachers. This requires a tion training program to involve change in focus from the current high school students interested in goal of a "well-educated student." the teaching or environmental education professions in special Most teachers do not feel comfort- opportunities to learn environmen- able leading outdoor trips; their tal education. After training by park professional training in colleges and education specialists, these students universities focuses on classroom will lead elementary students activities. Many rely on park staff through education activities at currently to conduct on-site activi- schools and at the park. ties. Future teacher training spon- sored by the park will include tech- Develop and implement a niques to help teachers feel com- strategic, sustainable funding fortable in conducting outdoor approach. learning experiences for students in outside-classroom environments at Limited staffing devoted to the park or elsewhere, and empha- curriculum-based education activi- size the incorporation of Glacier ties impact the park's ability to National Park's special status in the respond to the opportunities that lessons delivered. exist in the communities surround- Activities developed by experienced ing the park. A variety of funding teachers and successfully imple- sources will be sought to develop mented in an outdoor setting will be and maintain a viable curriculum- given to all new teachers participat- based education program. ing in the park education program at teacher workshops. Materials and 56 Recommendations

Education program managers will Learning Center Director, the Chief seek appropriated funds to meet of Resources Management, and the current and future demands for Chief of Interpretation and educational services. Education.

Appropriated funds to fully meet CCRLC and park education pro- demands will be difficult to develop. gram managers will evaluate the Consequently, the park will commit potential for interface between to find sustainable funding sources programs. Development of standard that will enable it to maintain cur- operating procedures, or a rent programs and develop new parkwide "Education Strategy" to ones. For example, media project supplant this section of the LRIP funding may be available through will facilitate effective, mutual the Recreational Fee Demonstration interactions. For example, teacher Program or Parks as Classrooms training can be combined with grants. Research Learning Center training activities. Teachers will benefit from Park managers will create an inter- internships or volunteer disciplinary team of park staff to assignments to assist CCRLC identify joint education projects and researchers. Teachers may be inter- funding sources for them. The team ested in such a learning experience will work with partners to identify if a daily stipend provided incentive. fundraising and partnership oppor- Teacher training/research assistant- tunities. It will also survey other ships might be funded through parks with curriculum-based educa- Parks As Classrooms grant or tion programs to identify their suc- money from a foundation if cessful funding strategies. Review of established as a component of the funded Parks as Classrooms proj- CCRLC. Perhaps pre-service ects may generate ideas for projects training opportunities or graduate likely to be funded from that pro- study could be established through gram. The funding team and educa- local colleges to pair university tion program managers will partici- students and/or teachers with pate in workshops on how to apply researchers for in-depth learning for Parks as Classrooms and other experiences. grants. Establish and maintain Link park curriculum-based currency. education program to Crown of the Continent Research An effective education program will Learning Center. require frequent curriculum refinement and constant interaction The park's Research Learning between teachers and park staff so Center staff will provide content both can quickly learn of changes in about cutting-edge research find- each partner's program activities. ings for educational tools that sup- Future education program develop- port learning opportunities at all ment will assure that activities are levels. Efforts will be made to compatible with classroom instruc- develop additional educational tional goals. Periodic changes in goals for the Research Learning state and district teacher require- Center Resource Education ments demand corresponding Specialist in consultation with the update of the park program to keep 57 Recommendations

it viable as a resource for curricu- The implementation of other proj- lum-based learning opportunities. ects is essential to tell stories which Park education managers will estab- reflect primary themes or to resolve lish a verbal or written assessment issues identified in this plan. The of programs with teachers and will National Park Service will assist teachers in making student aggressively pursue the implementa- assessments. tion of the recommendations in this plan identified as Phase 2 as oppor- Current trends in education will tunities for partnership and funding guide park program evolution. One permit. Phase 3 projects are ones trend is emphasis on a higher level that must be delayed until other of thinking and understanding. projects are implemented, advanced Others are education activities that planning completed, or large focus on practical application of amounts of funding accumulated. learned skills, or creating multi-disciplinary solutions to posed prob- An ANNUAL IMPLEMENTA- lems. Teachers must include these TION PLAN (AIP) will be elements in instruction. Schools developed pursuant to this LRIP, also need to incorporate workplace and be linked with GPRA goals perspective in teaching methods. whenever possible. The AIP will The park can help meet that need be attached annually to this by presenting employment or vol- document as an appendix. unteer opportunities at the park and Example: by illustrating the difference Funding Sources between a career and a job. Project Strategy Responsibility Phase IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Complete a park- Phased Team 1 wide Education Development Glacier National Park interpretive Strategy and education staff will develop annual work plans that mirror the 5 Complete a revision In-house Hayden, 1 year implementation strategy cap- of Wayside Exhibit Dahlen, Staff tured in this document. The annual Plan implementation plan will list a sum- Communications In-house; Vanderbilt 1 mary of proposals from this docu- Strategy Region ment that can be accomplished in Install Wayside In-house Hayden 1 that year, establish prioritized phas- Exhibits es of implementation, and identify possible funding. The park staff will The following National Park Service develop necessary funding requests funding sources may be available for to begin the federal funding interpretive projects. process. They will also initiate contacts with potential partnership Annual Operating Funds or organizations to implement projects Park Base - Fund Type 01 well suited to alternative funding. This is the primary source of recurring operational funding used for Some of the recommendations in park management, interpretation, this plan can be implemented with visitor services, maintenance, and existing staff, funds and partner- resource protection. Parks request ships; some must be completed base increases through the before others can be initiated. These Operations Formulator System projects are identified as Phase 1. (OFS).

58 Recommendations

Challenge Cost-Share - Fund gency repairs to park facilities Type 01 damaged by acts of nature and The program provides a maximum structural fire. Requests for funding of 50% cost-share grant to expedite should be submitted to the Regional mutually beneficial projects with Office for review and approval. outside sources. The program increases awareness and Exhibit Rehabilitation and participation by the public in the Preservation Program - Fund preservation and improvement of Type 01 National Park Service recreational, The Major Rehab Program adminis- cultural, and natural resources. Park tered by Harpers Ferry Center partners may include individuals, (HFC) provides repair, rehabilita- groups, companies, corporation, tion or replacement of audiovisuals state and local agencies and other and exhibits, preservation of arti- non-Federal entities that donate facts and museum specimens, and funds, equipment, supplies or labor acquisition of historic furnishings. to complete a park project. Projects Interpretive media projects in newly are generally intended to be small, authorized areas may also be sub- able to be completed in one year, mitted. and consistent with park planning documents. Fee Demonstration Program - Fund Type 25 Cultural Cyclic Maintenance - The recreation fee demonstration Fund Type 01 program allows parks that collect Funds are used for the maintenance fees to retain 80% of the revenues and rehabilitation of historic generated. The remaining 20 per- structures and museum collections. cent will be made available Service Appropriate projects include pre- wide. dictable tasks performed on a fixed periodic basis with a cycle longer Informational Publications than one year. The work may be Program - Fund Type 01 completed through contracts or Park folders, handbooks, posters, seasonal day labor. and other publications prepared by Harpers Ferry Center for parks are Donations - Fund Type 26 funded from this account. Note: Parks are authorized to accept and Regional offices frequently use donated funds to meet the supplement funding for folders. purposes of the National Park Service. Use of these funds is strict- National Parks Pass - Fund ly controlled, must be consistent Type 22 with legislative authority, and must 70% (59.5% net) of proceeds from meet with the approval of the Pass sales remain with the selling grantor. Funding sources are varied, park to fund approved projects. The but primary sources currently part- remaining proceeds support proj- nered with the park are the Glacier ects Service wide. Natural History Association and The Glacier Fund. Parks as Classrooms - Fund Type 01 Emergency Relief and Storm Funds may be requested to promote Damage - Fund Type 04 cooperative education programs Funding may be available for emer- combining park settings and

59 Recommendations

classroom study. Eligible activities Exhibit Cyclic Maintenance and include those presented at the park, Natural Resources Cyclic at schools and at community Maintenance from this fund source. organizations near parks. Repair and Rehabilitation - Park Concessions Franchise Fund Type 07 Fees - Fund Type 99 Funding is used to cover the cost of Eighty percent of concessions fran- repair and rehabilitation of existing chise fees generated at a park are facilities, roads, trails and utility available to that park for approved systems. Permanent employee's projects (concessions related needs, salaries should not be charged to environmental and energy efficien- repair and rehabilitation accounts. cy projects, visitor services, resource management programs). Volunteers-in-Parks (VIP) - The remaining 20 percent will be Fund Type 01 made available for service wide Funding may be requested for train- projects. ing and incidental expenses such as uniforms, period clothing, local Regular Cyclic Maintenance - travel, supplies, lodging, meals and Fund Type 01 other direct costs chargeable to the To qualify for funding projects must Volunteer-in-Parks Program. be submitted to the park's ten-year cyclic maintenance program. Funds may be used to maintain park roads, trails, building, utility systems, and other facilities. Appropriate projects include tasks recurring on a fixed periodic cycle that is longer than one year and no longer than ten years. Some Regions also fund

Singleshot Moonset

60 Appendix

PLANNING TEAM AND CONSULTANTS

GLACIER NATIONAL PARK

Mary Ansotegui Executive Assistant Dave Dahlen Chief of Interpretation Joe Decker Retired District Interpreter Lynne Dixon Seasonal Interpreter Stephanie Dubois Deputy Superintendent Matt Graves West Lakes District Interpreter Steve Gniadek Wildlife Biologist Pete Hart Acting Superintendent Bill Hayden Interpretive Specialist Kyle Johnson Backcountry Supervisor Lon Johnson Cultural Resource Specialist Joyce Lapp Supervisory Horticulturalist Bernadette Lavato Concession Specialist Michael O. Holm Park Superintendent Gail Pauley Personnel Assistant Nete Reinhard Office Administrator, Interpretation Deirdre Shaw Museum Curator Susan Sindt Seasonal Interpreter Mark Wagner Hudson Bay District Interpreter Lucy Walter Lead Park Ranger Becky Williams Lead Park Ranger

HARPERS FERRY CENTER

David Guiney Interpretive Media Specialist Michele Hartley Audiovisual Production Assistant Keith Morgan Park Ranger - Planner (Team Lead)

PARK PARTNERS AND NEIGHBORS

Cris Coughlin Glacier Guides Ann Fagre Museum Technician, GNHA William Farr Friend of park Wendy Hill Glacier Natural History Association Sharon Huepel Glacier Natural History Association Don Jermunson Friend of park Bill Peterson Central Museum, Kalispell LeAnn Simpson Glacier Natural History Association

61 Appendix

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MILLER, THOMAS A., AND STEPHEN F. MCCOOL 1994 Glacier National Park Visitor Use Study. Missoula, MT: Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research, School of Forestry, University of Montana.

NICKERSON, NORMA, AND THALE DILLON 2001 Nonresident Winter Visitor Profile. Missoula, MT: Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research, School of Forestry, University of Montana.

LITTLEJOHN, MARGARET 1991 Visitor Services Project - Glacier National Park. Moscow, ID: Atlanta, GA: Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Idaho.

USDI, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1987 History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program, National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

1990 Natural History in the National Park System and on the National Registry of Natural Landmarks, National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

1992 Interpretive Prospectus, Glacier National Park, Montana, National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

1996 Revision of the National Park Service's Thematic Framework, National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

1999 General Management Plan - Glacier National Park, National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

2000 Comprehensive Interpretive Planning, Interpretation and Education Guideline, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

62 As the nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has the responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering sound use of our land and water resources; protecting our fish, wildlife, and biological diversity; preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places; and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to ensure that their development is in the best interests of all our people by encouraging stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S. administration.

NPS D-519 / May 2006 / Printed on recycled paper