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Research on the Epitaph of the Southern Han Emperor Gaozu, with Discussion on the Royal Liu Family’S Ancestry

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Research on the Epitaph of the Southern Han Emperor Gaozu, with Discussion on the Royal Liu Family’S Ancestry BIBLID 0254-4466(2008)26:2 pp. 285-316 યᗟᄃ੅ኢ 漢學研究第26卷第2 期（民國97年 6 月） ݖΊ͛ij҂ᛖޓݑ႔IJ੼য়͇࠱̂ ęęࣘᄲᆒͩАয়ҕ௚યᗟ 劉 文 鎖Ŏ ၡࢋ ݖΊ͛ij༫ĂඕЪݑ႔ѣᙯޓώ͛ಶ൫ࡉາ΍˿ݑ႔૵౗IJ੼য়͇࠱̂ Ϯ඾үү˘҂ᛖĂഇ၆੼য়ᆒ㓢˘ϠҖྫ̈́ݑ႔ΫѣܛΫफ़̈́୻΃ͽֽѣᙯ Ăᆒ㓢̝̖ਕăّଐᄃטݑ႔ᇁ̈́ޘטՀБࢬᒢྋĄٙኢΒ߁̣΃ݖă⺭Ί ᄃ͛טϠπְᖹĂΒ߁׎੠಴Аয়ᄃĶဇંķયᗟăĶΔᜪࣧ̚ķયᗟăᖃ Ј้Шăّଐᄃ̖ਕඈ͞ࢬĄТॡಶ૵౗IJݖΊܫăڒझ໒ࡿޙనăᎸޙ̼ ೀ࣎ࢦࢋ͞ࢬܑٙன΍ֽ۞পט᎝۞ԛޙ˯ͽ̈́੠಴Аয়યᗟăဪט͛ijԛ ள̝఍Ăಶᘼϣᖳˣٙኢݑ႔ᆒͩАয়ҕ௚યᗟ೩΍ႷཌྷĈIJݖΊ͛ij̚۞ ć˫ፂѣᙯཱྀڒ᎗೻ܧ׎छ୉̝Δֽ͞໚̈́ځЈ้ШĂܑܫ੠಴Аয়׶ᆒ㓢 Ϋफ़၆ᆒ̝ͩА͵ᚱరăؖЩֽ໚ăݑዏೀ࣎͞ࢬ۞ࢦາᑭ੅Ăଯീݑ႔ᆒ ࣫ϐᔖใᐌݑٺĂཱྀޢࡧęęщͩĶ˝ؖࡧķ̝ྥ۞઼̚اࠎ࣫΃ˢරؠͩ ٛܠϲ౷ፂᑏݑ۞ͳഈĂ׎ҕ௚̙ߏޙΑڠዏᇃэĂͽޢĂޙ჊اዏሗ߹ଁ ೻ཱྀĄگұٕ ઼˩ݖΊ͛ăᆒ㓢ăྥࡧặ΃ޓᙯᔣෟ Ĉݑ႔ă੼য়͇࠱̂ ˘ă݈ā֏ ҂Οࡁտٙд൫ࡉડາౄᗉۏ2003ѐ 6 ͡Ҍ2004ѐ 10͡มĂᇃэξ͛ 收稿日期：2006年11 月13日，通過刊登日期：2008年4月23日。 Ŏ 作者係廣州中山大學人類學系副教授。 285 286 漢學研究第 26 卷第 2 期 ܩफҘొ۞ΔٺဪĂ̶ҾҜވ቉ಛफĶ̂ጯݱķ̍гአߤ֭൴ଧ˞׌ळ᎑̈ ૯Ąགྷ൴ଧᙋ၁Ă఺׌ळဪ˘ळߏݑ႔੼য়ᆒ㓢Ğ917-942在ܦՅ̂ࢶ̋׶ ᆒᔳ۞ᇇ౗Ą1؟૯ğፂᄮࠎߏধܦՅ̂ࢶ̋ğĂΩ˘ळĞܩ位ğ۞૵౗ĞΔ ݖΊ͛ijϮ༫Ă߇Ξͽቁᄮဪޓ઎ܲхѣIJ੼য়͇࠱̰̂ܝ׎̚۞૵౗Яဪ ણ៍ĄЯࠎ၆ݑ႔઼Ϋ۞ض͹̶֗׶౗ဪّኳ൑ႷĄд൴ଧ༊̚Ăඊ۰അѣ ѣטᎸ኷Ă˫҂ᇋᇃэĶঔ˯කძ̝ྮķ҂ΟࡁտયᗟĂ྾၆༫͛̈́౗ဪԛ Ϋ۰ᔿڼពĂځٙࢦෛĄ९ݑ႔઼ΫĂΫ३̚ᔵѣ੃ྶĂҭ௖ரăઐᅲҌࠎ ࠎࢦෛ۞ࣧЯĂ׎̚༊ѣѩΫफ़̙֖۞યᗟĄΩγĂݑ႔઼ৣൺܳĂд࣫ă ԇ׌̂ͳഈ̝มĂ˵ధѣˠᄮࠎ·׎ณߏ˘߱࿅ഭ۞г͞Ϋć̙࿅Ăֶඊ۰ ࠻Ă׎ΫጯࡁտຍཌྷΞਕវனд׌࣎͞ࢬĈ˘ߏд઼̼͛̚۞॰ߛ˭Ă఺࣎ ൺᇶ҃፾ϲ۞ͳഈᄃࣧ̚۞ᙯܼć˟ߏιд̚γᙯܼΫ˯۞гҜĂְঘ࣫ă ۰ٙޢķ۞જၗયᗟĄމॾԊ۞ᖼݭͽ̈́ྥࡧăĶᏀـԇ̝ᅫ઼̚၆γϹ ĂٙࣅᏥ۞ߏ።Ϋ͛ᚥĂ҃ٽঘĂ࿅Νࡁտ̚ઐࢦ࣫ăԇ׌΃၆γϹ఼ᄃ෶ ࡁտͽ᎚ീ̼͛ΫăۤົΫ۞ࢬᄻĂ͍׎ߏˢරᏀથ۞ۏ఼࿅҂Ο᏷ྫă᏷ ฟण۞ᅳાĄಶݑ႔Ϋफ़યᗟ҃֏Ă୻ޞإဋϔ۞̼͛ᄃۤົϠ߿Ăߏމࡧ Ăۏݑ႔۞᏷ྫă᏷ٺ఼Ԡįඈ඾ү̚Ă඾ᐂѣ˘ొ̶ᛳڌϮጯ̈́Įᇃܛ΃ ΐ˯ன΃҂Ο̍үٙᒔ଀۞ဪཨ׶༫ڍिćтܫ׎̚Β߁IJ૵౗༫ij۞ᖎர फ़Ă̏Ξͽಶࡶ̒યᗟणฟ੅ኢĄனݑ႔˟౗۞າྤफ़̏གྷ̳οĂ၆ݑྤג ֏Ąώ͛ॲፂ׎ޞ႔઼Ϋ׶ݑ႔҂Ο۞ࡁտֽᓾĂౌߏІ஽ְĂ׎ຍཌྷҋ̙ ݖΊ͛ijү˘҂ᛖĂ֭ಶΫफ़̈́IJݖΊޓ൴ଧಡӘĂྏ၆૵౗IJ੼য়͇࠱̂ ඈቢ৶Ă၆ᘼϣᖳˣٙኢݑ႔ᆒͩয়Аҕ௚યᗟග̟੅ኢĂͽט͛ijăဪཨԛ ᙊ۰ĄٺՐϒ ăIJݖΊ͛ijᐂ͛ᄃ඾ᐂ˟ ҂ΟࡁտٙበĮᅜ᎕̇௢į൴ܑ۞ྍ༫٤ͯĂ֭ણ҂ྍۏனፂᇃэξ͛ ٙIJᇃэݑ႔ᇇ౗ă૵౗൴ଧᖎಡij۞ᐂ͛Ă၆༫͛ࢦઇᐂ७тѨĄ༫͛຿ ݖΊ͛ķĂ38ҖĂ႕Җ34фĂВ1062фĄ2ޓ३ĂࢵᗟĶ੼য়͇࠱̂ 1 廣州市文物考古研究所，〈廣州南漢德陵、康陵發掘簡報〉，《文物》2006.7: 4-25。 2 廣州市文物考古研究所，《銖積寸累——廣州考古十年出土文物選萃》（北京：文物出版 劉文鎖∕南漢〈高祖天皇大帝哀冊文〉考釋——兼說劉氏先祖血統問題 287 ݖΊ͛ޓ੼য়͇࠱̂ ᄳ˯ߗ઼ࡰวᎩฟ઼շࢴ֠ˬѺט३νϳۢإЍ༯͈̂Җܦጯ̀ٚўᅙڒᎰ Ҋᎊᑕ؇ᇤя३Ą͗ ჯ̂ѣ˩̣ѐ໐Ѩ͆૘α͡ϥ૘४˟˩α͟˚̗Ă੼য়͇࠱̂ޓ૪˷ϒ၃Ă གЍ͇̮ѐ˝͆̾͡४˟˩˘͆͟૘ዏৠ˷૵౗Ăᖃ˵Ą௑Λܛ҃㟋ྻĂ௜ ј׹҃ݬቑĂቊ͵য়҃ڱĂྶ֭؄ჯĄޙୈĞఏğ̝ฟૄĄᖬТ Ğ઀ğ ү݋Ăຯ̂ຽ̠҃௣Ăઅλވ̙҃ೊĄ๠͹̥ԂĂ⪢ᲄৣลĂԺଐ൳ҜĂຏ Ăඥ൒࣒ፋĂᆆЏᦉᔃĂछ઼ᔨְˬعᘃĄજᏲ᏷෢Ă┇㉀ܻ౥Ă̱۝ඕ Ă͟͡ޓᇉĄ൭எਭᇍĂୁ͔ৠ Ăᅟ޳࿴෢Ă׻Ҋ⢺୮ĄЄଘ੼য়͇࠱̂ ٮऱ͛ٗĂມಜڠθ ĞីğĂߐ֚ኚཐĂࠖώϛ௑Ăёษഀ׻Ąགྷ͇ቛгĂ јચĂۢۏ඲Ăᔙࡈ෹഼ĄӖᓜ༱઼Ăߐ㗝ˬࡔĂαঔᙡ୻Ă˝эࢲᙴĄฟ Ă᝘ഈ̝ዶĂ٣ᜓۭסᄐϔĄ೎߉̣֘Ăཀྵ߸༱ێ፟׎ৠĂЍш ᎩĂΦ ҘࢳᅦĂ׹͋ဦԛĄ׻ᕃጏͽᓜ ĂᏴჇϠ҃ڌࢽĄຫৈѺͩĂ௒ᖊ̱གྷĂ ⼐ᴍĞ७ğĂᅑՁ⛝̝ྃ˸Ăࢩዑϛ̝ј Ğड़ğĄጬᚼ̲ᗬ͛ Ğќğ᜖Ă ᖟЩĄݡณҏᖱĂҾϨࢦᅅĂ༰ᇷຠһĂ㇯ Ⴏ఩Ąᐷᙵ܎ᙵĂڠ೭୮̲ᆅ ፈ˛ᓂĄ԰ඦΔᜪĂࣧ̚кְĂУЂдᘃĂϏҩჁԠĄᰏᰏͳຽĂᛴᛴ࠱˛ ◀Ă጖ଐᛖҁĂଉ Ğஅğ຋ĂݚᎷځᙱ጑Ą͇ᓂᓐޓ໼ĂˬͳΞᑢẶ ๸Ąᙌϛ݋ត̼д͘Ăႊᛖ˜ͪ͡ঙ͇ĄৠྼⳐ⒳ĞࡿğĂം߽۫ Ğ઀ğĄ ࡶ˜ౚวଯՎĂߐ֚ፌᇴĂЈ៍ࢼ၅Ăۭε૱৏Ąѩγ঻ଐᘽݡĂჟտᗁ ३ĂٕݑΔҊ૷ĂٕҀ኎๔ӆĄ়ⷷٙᎧĂ଄͞ାᒚĂЩᗁ޾͘Ăቊ㎑ৠ ĂຟڠӻĄ૟ཐкਕĂෛϔт๋Ăഈ౎᪫ᔏĂᆆЏ㓯૵Ąк̖кᘹĂ̯̯͛ ݖݙĊ͇፟սளĂ㎎ᖣࢲ߹Ăᖑᒉ⒳ĞࡿğݫĂຐײĄ๣ܥᙱл̵Ăᑯࢲ՚ ؈Ăሁᄂਫ਼૾Ą༱̝፟ີĂ Ğჴğޖ๵ĂͪϮ܅ᝆĂ ࡍڗ෪˩߷Ą᜷ϲ රࠖ఍Ă܅ഈ́͡Ăᆮ ዆ྮĄ ᜇว˝Ă̙ྈ̚ߋĂカϮᘽᅸĂ Ⴝჟ Ąࠖ׻๠ͳĂчҜٚ⇝Ăטય Ă޾ᐵ҃ੜĂѣΐ൑ⷵĂጱೳ᏷ڃᎷĄ୐ ᏲԂ೎Ăᝉቑ׍хĂͶ੊ۭആĄ̚γ૷ܕј׹Ăڱࣖτ৴Ăয়ࢗ࣫ಜĄᅈ ݖݙĊϜࢰд҅Ă̂႙ᑓ঻ĄᆆЏཱི͇Ăࡶಉ҂ӺĂᘆײચĂଉ༷ᖯ໼Ă๣ ጁ̙̈́Ăၨ⤄҃̏Ą㟋ଂᐸ༾ĂАᅈѣഇĂϛझ૟⠏Ăᐷ⻐дরĄЃЕਊ ኜ࢐㢰Ă༱ѐ̙ѤĄ׎ෟ͠ĈגЍĂᄃ͇ԾĞଊğ˳Ă ၮĂݑว࣊Ğ૦ğ੓Ą΃̙ͻཐĂ Ğ઀ğқޙĂᖳ՗ͩצಜෳࡥĂྠᐷޓ јચĂۢ፟׎ৠĂᐷࢳ௜႔Ă܎ෛۏ௜ҜĂ፨జˣ₠Ăᙡ୻ˬࡔĄ׎˘Ąฟ ᎚২ĄᐽĞᆖğһ Ğ৥ğ੺ĂჁԠϏҩĂୗ̋ਝঔĂ๒ཌྷᕩ̥Ą׎˟Ąᚑ 社，2005），頁212-213。 288 漢學研究第 26 卷第 2 期 ະд੔ĂА೶ॻ፹ĂЕཐϲঢ়ĂᖃТ˝ᇁĄয়҂ֽॾĂីᝦ߽໰Ă࡚ջԂ ࢳᅦĂ׹͋ဦԛĄ˙؆٣ސĂЍᅈѣᚹĄ׎ˬĄ២ࡁѺͩĂᏩ០̱གྷĂ၆ޥ ĂೈᒖցઃĂཏጏଖिĂूᛵᙴှĄ׎αĄͳຽᓞᙱĂฟૄؠᜦĂᑯࢲ՚ᜓ ˬĂѝഈ ቪĄགྷᒉα͞Ăկ᝕˝౎Ăְ΍፟АĂඉ൑᏷۰Ą׎̣Ąຫৈܥ ΃ĂથྵѺͳĂࢦᅅ ௢Ă࣠ ୮֊Ąࢲ࿺ฯ᜜Ă࿪়ᅬเĂҌᝦۭീĂҌ ംᙱณĄ׎̱Ą ཐкਕĂ Ğ౾ğ఼ఙᇴĂӖҊᘽݡĂౚวଯՎĄ͉Ϋᓙ ˬຽͳ໼ĂเϮޓĂڠΡᇳ Ă޾ᐵ൑ᄬĄ׎˛Ąཐ͛ࡻކĂڷၦĂ׶ቤҒ ݖײ੺ЃͱĂჁԠϏಶĂ̂႙ᑓ঻Ą׎ˣĄ๣ێĂסரĂ߸ቑ˝ᘞĄԠഇय ܦᖟЩĂᗬ͛ ᆊĂ̙͵ࡻ̖Ă॔ϠͳᜦĄڠݙĊช࡭੼ଐĂࢲ߹㎎ᖣĄᆅ ݖݙĊᐷ⻐ୁ͔Ă૟⠏ϛझĂёೳ͛ײΫ̏በĂ୺ ĞᙜğߔᆷĄ׎˝Ą๣ Ϯᚥ࿵Ăϖᇫ൑቎Ą׎˩ĄגΑĄ჊߹๠͹Ă֘३஄ТĂڠᇇĂࠖࡔ Ă።ԇă̮׌΃Ϗ֍඾ᐂĂΞۢ૵౗ޢѩ༫ҋ̂ѣ˩̣ѐĞ942ğ3 ᐌཨ ϐĄॡˠጌ྾஧Ğ1602-1646Ăځ։рĂϏഅዎ൴னă൸ଧĂۡҌڶېᖟܲ ώğĂ̚ѣIJ͓ݑג൫ࡉˠğᇤĮቷᝰᅦะįĞ୻૵Ⴇมጌؼয়ڌф࡚׹Ăᇃ ྍဪ׶༫۞౵ѝٺ႔ᆒͩဪኬ֭Ԕij׶IJ៍ᆒͩ๯੃ij׌͛Ăߏϫ݈ٙۢᙯ ࡔᐂĄIJ͓ݑ႔ᆒͩဪኬԔij੃ૣ჉˝ѐĞ1636ğᆒ㓢ဪజ൴னགྷ࿅Ĉ රࡿгĂАˠѣϣдپĂႷӈڌĂ༊̣ѿݱ̝ܩѣ߷ЩΔث፜Ă၆ڕछ̟ ஘Ąૣ჉ʹ̄ࡌĂϣมѣ࿩΍Ăጬ҃јϱĄਆ۰ୖͭ࿅҃֍̝ĂЯԸͽλ ߏத̄ٺϮĂ۩۩ѣᓏĂ˜̰˘ฯᗗ׎̚ĂҋҨчĂҌ؆ႽĂჷᗗᆀ൑सĄ ˠтਃЅ̝ᛳ۰˲ᇴĂᓝ̝Чࢦ˩̣ă̱͝Ą׎ϒܛԙˢĂ૟̂൴̝Ă֍ѣ ឭ঴֓᎝̝Ąѣܛညક҃ӱĂࡶͳ۰ᄃЬ̝ᆇĂЧ̣ă̱˩͝Ąг࠰ܛ˟఍ ۏᙡ˘Ăҋ൴ЍĂᒍࠕຳ̚тϨ͟Ąᚗൽ˘ĂൽѰ̚ѣϜ౦ਕྼજĄ׎΁ள Ą྾ᔌـۋ༤̝Ăዐˠᛇ҃ܨĂ۽кĂ̙Ξ޽ᙊĄҭАᛸᙡᕩछĂЍજዐإ ˘Ꮠᓜ׎гෛĂຩ൴˘όĂ̳ռᚱ՟൑ዶĄ׎̚ܨᘭ̝ĂٲĂѣΦя֠ءϨ ഉӈࠎଧ۰ٙᒴĂ੻ጎൾѣх۰Ą̫׎ϱ߇дĂ༫͛ᔳᔳΞ᝝Ăᄏݑ႔ᆒͩ ๯˵Ą4 ဪ̚۞༫Ĉ˞זIJ៍ᆒͩ๯੃ijࢦᕇ೩ ܩݑܩĄݑঔৠᇁ̝ҘݑѣٙᏜΔސ፜Ăٙ࿅߷ᑎڕ˷ᔘـҋ̈ॡଂ΅ݱ̟ ۰ჍĂᆒ⻴Аဪֽޢჷฏˠܝ۰Ă௫็̝̙҃ۢ׎ٙ〔ЩĄͧ࢒̳֘Ăдౌ 3 大有為南漢高祖劉龑年號（928-942）。 4 明．黎遂球，〈弔南漢劉氏墓賦並序〉，《蓮鬚閣集》（《四庫禁燬書叢刊》集部第 183 冊， 北京：北京出版社，2000），卷1，頁30-31。 劉文鎖∕南漢〈高祖天皇大帝哀冊文〉考釋——兼說劉氏先祖血統問題 289 ҃ـࠎਆ۰ٙ൴Ăְࠤ؈ĄЯᅄͽ׎ᄬࢗࠎኬĂ͓̝ĄߊቪĄᕩĂ࠹ᄃࢷҐ Ăϲۻᓂ៍஘Ą׎ᖟ̏۩Ă୸᭕̝ٙ๗Ăා ఏ਷̝ٙᄃ఍ĂϮᕝෘଂᏊ҃ ጯ̀ۢڒݖΊ͛ijĂᎰޓᨰሑ۰̙ۢ˲ೀĄѣ༫˘൘дĂჍࠎIJ੼য়͇࠱̂ٺ ۰Ă૪˷໐͆ޓఠҊᎊᑕ㞾ᇤя३Ą׎ٙࠎ̂ܛ३Πϳ˯඘إᄳϒᛉ͈̂ט ૘α͡ϥ૘४෸͒α͟˚̗Ăཱིࠎ̂ѣ˩̣ѐĂཨͽ̮Ѝ̮ѐĂჍ૵౗Ą5 ӮĞ1630-1696Ăфਃ̋Ă˫ф̬̄Ă̂ئĂ඾ᐂྵкĄ൫ࡉޢጌͩͽ 19IJᆨᄬij੃Ķᆒ㓢ဪķĂྵࠎྎႽĂ̰ट̂࡭סາᄬįڌ൫ࡉˠğĮᇃڌᇃ ࠹ТĄ6 ˟ͩٙᐂ۞ᆒ㓢ဪӈ̫҂Ο൴ଧ̝૵౗ĂĶݖΊ͛ķӈ˯ᐂ̝IJݖ ჉ˬѐĞ1630ğĂ૵౗జ൸ૣٺϐѣЩ۞͛ˠăԠ̀Ă̂ӮϠځΊ͛ijĄጌߏ າᄬį۞੃ྶᑕྍߏણ໰˞ጌͩ۞ڌॡѐ̱͞໐Ąଂၡᐂ۞༫͛࠻ĂĮᇃ ĮቷᝰᅦะįĄ 47ğăष઀ጯסะįܩγĂѦᕓ಴Ğ1629-1709ćĮᘉ३ͩ˟ئጌă ס90ğăͳ̀჉Ğ1634-1711ćĮ࠱රࡔჷįסĞ1631-1694ćĮ᝝ᖃ఼҂į 1ğăӓᜋ࣒Ğ1789-1839ćסϮரįܛڌ4ğăਃ͞ჩĞ1733-1818ćĮག Ϯጯ௫ၚܛ1ğඈˠ˵ѣ඾ᐂĂ׎̚ӓͩ౵୎΍Ą΁ࣇӮ޷סϮԠįܛĮݑ႔ ჍĶ૵౗༫ķĄଂ׎඾ᐂ۞͛ф࠻Ă่ᐂ༫͛۞ฟࢵొ̶ĂΞͽ࠻΍ιࣇ̝ม ٙ੃ߏТͩئߏᔒᖼԨ᝚۞Ă҃׎ᖡώ˫̙ႽΞያĄҭፂ׎ٙᐂĂ༊׶ጌă ѣ໰ౌڱϮԠįĂЯࠎߏ౵୎΍Ăᔵ၆ೀछᄲܛ๴൑ႷĄҌӓᜋ࣒ᇤĮݑ႔˘ ĂΞͽ൴ன׎̚඾ᐂ˯۞યۏ၁גછ༫ͧڍᐂĂҭ҂ፂ่௭௭ᇴᄬĄ7 т ะįć҃Ѧᕓ಴ٙፂĂፂIJᜈ३ЍԂܩϮԠįٙፂĂߏĮᘉ३ܛᗟĈĮݑ႔ ijĂߏ΁дЍԂъॡ᝘ౘ̮ԂٙᄲĂ҃ౘ̮Ԃ˫ߏጴᖣ੃ጸĄ8ޢъᜠ๰ᅛ Į࠱රࡔჷįٙᐂĂ˵ߏ᝘ჷ҃̏Ą9 ϤѩΞ֍ĂѦăͳăਃăӓЧछౌ̙അ Ӯ˵ߏ̙അᏐ̂ئϨ൑ᄱĄځᏐ༜૵౗ࣧ༫Ă҃ᖼ࠹ԨᐂĂ׎̚᏾ప̝఍ 5 黎遂球，〈觀劉氏塚記〉，《蓮鬚閣集》，卷16，頁215。 6 清．屈大均，《廣東新語》（北京：中華書局，1985），卷19，頁495-496。 7 清．吳蘭修，《南漢金石志》（《石刻史料新編》第 3 輯第 4 冊，臺北：新文豐出版公司， 1986），卷1〈康陵碑〉，頁384-385。 8 清．朱彝尊，〈跋五．續書光孝寺鐵塔銘後〉，《曝書亭集》（《景印文淵閣四庫全書》集部 第257冊別集類，臺北：臺灣商務印書館，1986），卷47，頁178-179。 9 參見清．王士禎，《皇華紀聞》（《四庫全書存目叢書》子部第 245 冊，濟南：齊魯書社， 1995），卷4〈劉龑塚〉，頁229。 290 漢學研究第 26 卷第 2 期 ༜Ą઱˘ϫ༜ࣧ༫۞Ăᑕߏጌ྾஧Ą ˬă҂ ᛖ ѐĂ917ˬځ࢐ୖޢĶ̂෸ķĂ።ॡ่˘ѐĞӈ઀қ̮ѐĂ༊ཱིܐݑ႔ ۰Ğ917-971ğĄ11 Яܜྵৣ઼ٺѐğĄ௩ѐԼ઼ཱིĶ႔ķĄ10 д̣΃˩઼̚ᛳ ڼ໛఼ĂາăᖞĮ̣΃Ϋį̈́ĮԇΫįඈϒΫ̈́Įྤ͌ޝઐ఍ᑏݑĂᄃࣧ̚ ரįĞԇĆͳְౌڌ఼ᝥį̚၆׎੃ྶᖎரĂ҃Į˝઼ԠįĞԇĆྮॎᇤğăĮ ჍᇤğăĮӓ෸౯ΫįĞԇĆ᏿ᝀᇤğăĮ઼̣߇ְįĞԇĆҷЩᇤğăĮᜈ఼Ԡį ఼ԠįĞ୻Ćጆഅ໱ඈበᚷğăĮݑ႔३įڌĞ୻Ć಺፿ăᆒ⡗ඈ؇ୄᇤğăĮᇃ Ğ୻Ćୖԗ ᇤğă12Įݑ႔ߋࡌįĞ୻ĆᆒᑕអᇤğăĮ˩઼ߋࡌįĞ୻ĆӓЇ ҊᇤğăĮݑ႔ࡔįĞ୻Ćӓᜋ࣒ᇤğඈΫԠᔵ੃ྶྵྎĂݒЯΫफ़ֽ໚׶በ Ϋў኷ăॡมඈયᗟĂֽ̫͇࠻৿ጹ׽൒̙͌ĄϒЯѩĂѩIJݖΊ͛ijүࠎ ѣᙯ۞➰ޘט༊ॡ঻х˭ֽ۞͛ᚥĂಶព଀ᑓ֖ࠡෳĄүࠎ˘჌ᄃ็௚ಉཨ ֏Ăι޷ѩᙷ͛ౢ็௚ໄࢗ˞ᆒ㓢˘Ϡޞ༫Ķ͛ώķĂݖΊ͛۞Ϋफ़ᆊࣃҋ̙ ຍڦ੃ᐂ׶͌ޝҖྫĂ׎̚ঘ̈́΁࣎ˠϠ߿۞˘ֱ͞ࢬĂߏϒΫ՟ѣٕ۰ Ăͽ̈́ᇤ۰ᎊᑕĞĉ-958ğޘטᇁ؟׶ޘטćѩγĂᔘঘ̈́ݑ႔ݖă⺭Ί۞ Ϋफ़Ąಶѩ༫҃֏Ă࿅Νኜछ҂ᙋ̍үĂЯࠎᐂ͛ౌֽҋ็ᄲă੃ጸĂ҃۞ 10 宋．薛居正等，《舊五代史》（北京：中華書局，1976），卷 135〈僭偽列傳二〉，頁 1808： 「梁貞明三年八月，陟乃僭號於廣州，國號大漢，偽改元為乾亨」。宋．歐陽修，《新五代 史》（北京：中華書局，1974），卷 65〈南漢世家〉，頁 811：「貞明三年，龑即皇帝位，國 號大越，改元曰乾亨」。「二年，祀天南郊，大赦境內，改國號漢」。宋．司馬光編著，元． 胡三省音注，《資治通鑑》（北京：中華書局，1956），卷 270〈後梁紀五〉，頁 8817、 8836：貞明三年八月，「清海、建武節度使劉巖即皇帝位於番禺，國號大越，大赦，改元 乾亨」；貞明四年冬十一月，「越主巖祀南郊，大赦，改國號曰漢」。另參見宋．袁樞， 《通鑑紀事本末》（北京：中華書局，1964），卷39〈劉氏據廣州〉，頁3679-3680。 11 宋．路振，《九國志》（《續修四庫全書》史部第 333 冊別史類，上海：上海古籍出版社， 2003），卷 9〈南漢臣傳〉，頁 310：「南漢。唐天祐元年，烈宗為廣州節度使，至後主大寶 十四年國滅，凡六十七年。斷自高祖乾亨元年為始，凡四主實五十五年」。路氏此說，以為 劉氏的割據廣州實際從劉隱（烈宗）已經開始形成，未曾稱帝而已。 12 梁廷 另撰有《南漢叢錄》二卷及《南漢文字略》四卷，見《續修四庫全書》子部第334冊 別史類，頁1-242。 劉文鎖∕南漢〈高祖天皇大帝哀冊文〉考釋——兼說劉氏先祖血統問題 291 ˯ኢ˵дᆒ㓢˭ཨॡม׶ᇤ۰ᎊᑕ 13 ׌࣎યᗟۋͷΪᐂIJݖΊ͛ij۞ฟᐝĂ ࢬĂனдፂࣧ༫ͧ໰Ă׎ᖞયᗟ̏ߌ൒ࡶ೬Ă҃າયᗟ˵࠹ᑕ҃ϠĄͽ˭ྏ ಶΊ͛ٙͅߍ۞ೀ࣎યᗟү˘҂ᙋĄ ט׶ᇁޘטĞ˘ğݑ႔ݖă⺭Ί ⺭͛ώѣ˟इĈݖΊĞ˫үĶݖඉķğᄃ۞هݖଔă੠ٺͳ̝ѪĂϡޓ ࡁտĄĮ͉π଄ᜓįޞإ̝ؕޘטΊĞ˫үĶ⺭ඉķğĄࠎ˯⺭ᔘѣĶ⺭ᛉķĄѩ ੼৺Ҿ۞ٺIJ͓͛ij͔Į͛ౢ߹Ҿ็ኢįĈĶ̫ٙݖඉ۰ĂΟ➰̝ཌྷķĄ14 ᛳ Ąࢮߌޘט۞ޢͳă͉̄ă͉ЬඈĂߏྵޓٺ➰͛Ąݖă⺭Ί֭ϡͷ૞ϡ ᓨĂ͇̄ኢҖͽኲ⺭Ąଘͳ۰൑˯ĂܭĞ204-273ğĮ᜜ᛖЩįᄲĈĶΟ۰ኜ к⺭̝ܭ຋ĂҊ̄⺭׎ӖͭĂ߇ኜןވݑࢠჍ͇ͽ⺭̝Ą༊ߋࡌॡĂ׹ٺ߇ Ąځ̙ڶĂҭ⺭ඉଐܭ׶ኜ͇̄ٺА২Ăϡٺ੓໚ט⺭ͽ၁˵ķĄ15 ߏ̙ ѣٙត̼Ą݈႔ޢă݈ޘט΍னĄፂΫ३Ă႔΃ݖă⺭Ίޢྵטݖඉ̝ Ăܭͳ׶ЕܭኜٺĂϡڱ⺭ٺĂҭѣ⺭ΊĂჍĶ⺭➰ඉķĂଂᛳޘטҬ൑ݖΊ Ăݖă⺭Ί̈́ޘט႔ݖă⺭ΊޢҾϤ̂ᕃᚺ׶̂Җᇤᆷă˯ݶĄ16 Ϋྶ̶ ᇁĄ͉ٺѨࡊᖟޓဓĄ࠱ܛѨࡊķߏ̶ฟˢᖟ۞ĈĶ͉૝᝝⺭ඉĂᖟޓĶ࠱ 13 〈哀冊文〉撰者盧應的銜名不合問題，朱彝尊、翁方綱曾有懷疑，參見朱彝尊，〈續書光 孝寺鐵塔銘後〉，《曝書亭集》，卷 47，頁178 -179；清．翁方綱，〈光孝寺鐵塔識〉，《粵 東金石略》（《石刻史料新編》第 17 冊地方類，臺北：新文豐出版公司，1986），卷 1，頁 12373 -12374。《十國春秋》〈南漢列傳〉說盧膺高祖時任工部侍郎，大有中加太尉，中宗 時拜中書侍郎、同平章事，乾和（中宗年號）十五年冬卒於官（清．吳任臣，《十國春秋》 ，北京：中華書局，1983，卷 64，頁 903）。梁廷 《南漢書考異》〈盧膺傳〉據此與《曝 書亭集》、《皇華紀聞》、《粵東金石略》考證，以為〈康陵碑〉撰者盧應有兩個名字（應 初、應敕），而與史載之盧膺為同一人（清．梁廷 ，林梓忠校點，《南漢書．南漢書考 異》，廣州：廣東人民出版社，1981，卷 12，頁168 -169）。《蓮鬚閣集》以來諸書所著的 「翰林學士知制誥正議大夫尚書右丞上紫金袋」，與原碑差別大，可以推斷各氏著述皆是轉相 抄襲，而藍本無疑是美周的《蓮鬚閣集》。黎氏當年攜友往觀康陵墓穴、碑刻時，僅是一般 觀光，對碑文未做拓錄，回去後得憑記憶寫此遊記，故於盧應官職上多有錯誤。 14 宋．李昉等，《太平御覽》（北京：中華書局，1960），卷596〈文部．弔文〉，頁2687。 15 《太平御覽》卷 562〈禮儀部四十二．諡〉說是出自《釋名》，今據清．王先謙，《釋名疏證 補》（上海：上海古籍出版社，1984），卷 6〈釋典藝〉，頁 318，考證為出自韋昭之《辯釋 名》。 16 宋．徐天麟，《西漢會要》（北京：中華書局，1955），卷 20〈禮十五．凶禮〉，頁 181：「孝景中二年令：諸王薨，大鴻臚奏諡誄策；列侯薨，大行奏諡誄策。……」 292 漢學研究第 26 卷第 2 期 טĂϤ׎ଂĶඉķфͽ̈́႔΃३ᆷវטΫ؇ݖඉཥ⯇ྔ౗ķĄ17 ݖă⺭ඉ̝ԛ ĄܭͳăЕܭኜٺĂ˫ϡޓ࠱ٺć⺭Ίߊϡޓ࠱ٺ࠻ĂߏଳϡѻᖎĄݖΊϡ ൴Ϡ̂ត̼ĄĮν็įĶఄ̳̮ѐķ͋᎖྿ழĈޘטᗬॢͽֽݖă⺭Ί ߏᅋಧ᝝̝Ăౘ̂ҖΑᇇĂୃҊ̄ݖٺᗬॢͽֽĂ઱͇̄૪˜ѣݖඉĂ૟ཨ ᐁॱ̳׻ķ̝Ķᐁ׻ķęę͔۰ğĄˠҊֽ̝ץѩᙷ˵Ğ९޽ĶͳֹၷܧଐĂ ඉĂ૟ཨኲ׎छĂٺĂኒᇇԔݖĂྶ̝ءĂٕᙑ̝ͽלಉ̙үݖඉĄ։Ҋߊ ͽӘߞĂт̫ݖඉᄏѩᏜ˵Ą18 Ă˵Ξͽྶ̝ͽ➰͛ĂཨءኒረᙑצޢߏΪѣ͇̄ѣݖඉĄˠҊ̚۞։ҊѪ Ăҭѩ჌ඉдڱ᝝ğĂ˵ߏ˘჌ݖଔ̝ඉĄ࣫ॡؼᜈѩކᖃॡĶӘߞķĞ༊ഉ ᑕᄃ͇̄ݖඉ̙ТĄ˯טԛ ѣݖΊă⺭Ίă⺭ᛉĂݖΊă⺭ΊޓĂፂΫྶ࠻Ă࠱ޘט࣫΃ݖă⺭Ί ࠱ЬՔͩğă࠱Ь؟ͽ̈́˘჌Ķᚗჲķᄃ။ăϜ˘྽ᐌཨć19 ࣎Ҿ࠱͉ЬĞ΃ ѣ⺭ΊĂˢᖟ౗ᇁٕ͉ᇁĄ׎͛ώ̝ᇤ۰âਠౌߏ༊ޓ݋͇ğă੠⺭࠱ڠĞ ݋͇̝૫ᏉğĄڠᄨ྾։Ă̝؟ഈࢦҊ׶Щ̀ĶෟҊķĞт੼য়ཱ̝͵ݑĂ͉ ࢡĞТπౢְğ׶ַ˭ܝĂ̶ҾϤ̚३ַࢡĞТπౢְğăטॡؕјؠ؟Ҍ͛ Ğ͌ğࣦٕᖃొַࢡᇤᆷĄ20 ॲፂ҂Οྤफ़ĂߙֱপҾࡦഀ۞͉̄Ğᝉ૱͉ ķĞՂጳğĂ˵ᐌཨѣݖΊٕݖă⺭ΊĄ21ޓᇇ͉̄ă༼ຜ͉̄ඈğ׶Ķឰ࠱ Ă⺭ΊܜğĄݖΊ͛фᇴטĂჍĶϜΊķĞ⺭ΊТԛېڕӔϜኳט࣫΃ݖΊԛ ෟĄĶ⺭ᛉķࠎ˯⺭̝ݶᛉĄޢ͛фᇴྵ͌Ăଳϡα̱វᐧ͛ĂݖΊ݈͛Ԕ ౗ĂޓѣͅߍĄ̣΃˯ޘטᇁ؟ߏ୎̝࣫ዶᜈĂдݖă⺭Ί̈́ט΃ᖃ̣ ፂ੃ྶֽ࠻ౌѣݖΊă⺭Ί׶Ķ⺭ᛉķĂ̶ҾϤ༊͵ࢦҊă͛ˠĞĶෟҊķğᇤ 17 劉宋．范曄，《後漢書》（北京：中華書局，1965），卷96〈禮儀志下〉「大喪」，頁3145。 18 晉．杜預注，孔穎達疏，《春秋左傳注疏》，卷 8〈莊元年盡十年〉，清．阮元校刻，《十三 經注疏》（北京：中華書局，1980），頁1762。 19 參唐．杜佑撰，王文錦點校，《通典》（北京：中華書局，1988），卷 86〈禮四十六．凶禮 八〉，頁2349。 20 參見宋．王溥，《唐會要》（北京：中華書局，1955），卷1、2〈帝號〉，頁1-22。 21 參見陝西省文物管理委員會等，〈唐懿德太子墓發掘簡報〉，《文物》1972.7: 26 -32；陝西 省考古研究所、富平縣文物管理委員會，《唐節愍太子墓發掘報告》（北京：科學出版社， 2004），頁 143 -159；陝西省考古研究所，《唐李憲墓發掘報告》（北京：科學出版社， 2005），頁224-269。 劉文鎖∕南漢〈高祖天皇大帝哀冊文〉考釋——兼說劉氏先祖血統問題 293 ַ˭ܝĂ׎ᇤ۰̶ҾϤ̚३ַࢡĞТπౢְğăטͽֽ۞ؠ؟ᆷĂؼᜈ˞࣫͛ ࢡĞТπౢְğ׶͉૱Ğ͌ğࣦٕᖃొַࢡፉЇĄ22 ९Įᖞ̣΃ΫįIJᖃԠ ᐸݶڈăᇁཱིયᗟĂ౾̀ӕ⺭ޓ͇࣫јˬѐĞ928ğ˩˘͡ࠎؠ࣫͌ޢijĂ˭ ᛉĈ ळ݈Ă֭дីٺⴰ͸Ăਫ਼᝝ٺČČߏͽώഈ߇ְĂ׻͉૝தѺဈ؇⺭ΊӘ͇ ώᇁĄ23ٺᇁĂᖟΊ͉ٺĂ⺭Ίˢ౗Ąࡶ੠಴ؠ⺭Ă׻͉૝᝝⺭Ί̰̝͡˛ ˫ፂĮ̣΃ົࢋįIJޓཱིᗔᐂijĈ ĈĶ੼য়಴ཱི⺭̈́ᇁཱིĂЄࣞ߇ېݶ̋౗ᖃᆇֹ˭ܝ჊˛ѐˣ͡Ă̚३͇ॢ ⴰ͸ĄலĂ؇⺭ΊྱٺĂ૟ୁᕪझ݈Ăፄ͟Ă׻͉૝தѺဈ؇⺭ΊĂӘְ͇ ĄČČķ24טĄѩ௢ഈ̝݈ីٺ᝝ ⺭ᑕࠎϜΊĄ⺭ᚗᄃטᔘѣĶ⺭ᚗķĄ25 ̣΃⺭Ίԛॢޢ࣫ăޢੵѩγĂҌ͌ Ί˘྽ˢ౗ᇁΊӘޢᖟˢ౗̚Ą ѣ̙ٙТĂд݈ླྀͳڶፂ҂Ο൴ଧ۞̣΃˩઼౗ဪྤफ़Ă׎ݖă⺭Ίଐ ⺭ޓҖ࠱̂גᄃϜᘛ࠹ТĂ˯ቓטဪߏᐌཨϜݖă⺭Ί׶⺭ᚗĂ⺭ᚗԛޙ ᚗ⛟̚ć26 ݑ࣫ഢăึ˟౗˵̶ҾᐌཨϜăϮኳ۞ݖΊĄ27 ҃ݑ႔ٺĂ஽ཱི ݋ڶΊă⺭ᚗ۞ଐ⺭ٺĂҌטဪᄫ۞ԛܕᆷݖΊ͛ĂՀତגᆒ㓢ဪ݋ͽϮ༫ ԇ΃͵ޢᄃி̙Т̝఍ĂӈᄃޘטΞ଀ۢĄϤѩΞͽ࠻΍ݑ႔ݖă⺭Ί̙ ࠹ͧ˵̙࠹ᙷĄ࣎ࣧ̚Яࣃ଀ଯၬĄטݖă⺭Ί ځ఼ᝥį੃Ĉ࢐ڼĂፂѩIJݖΊ͛ij˵Ξពᜨ˘˟ĄĮྤޘטᇁ؟ݑ႔ ˬѐĞ917ğˣ͡Ăᆒ㓢 28 ӈ࠱ޓҜĂĶޙˬᇁĂ੠಴য়щ̥͉͠য়͛࠱ 22 參見宋．王溥，《五代會要》（北京：中華書局，1978），卷1〈帝號〉，頁1-9。 23 《舊五代史》，卷143〈禮志下〉，頁1916。 24 《五代會要》，卷1〈帝號雜錄〉，頁7。 25 《舊五代史》，卷 33〈唐書九．莊宗紀〉，頁 458：「丁卯，奉皇太后尊諡寶冊赴西宮靈座， 宰臣豆盧革攝太尉讀冊文，吏部尚書李琪讀寶文，百官素服班於長壽宮門外奉慰」。「諡寶 冊」即諡冊和諡寶，可能都是玉制，分別由太尉和吏部尚書宣讀於靈堂柩前。《舊五代史》 ，卷81〈晉書七．少帝紀〉，頁1072：「甲辰，上大行皇帝尊諡寶冊」。 26 馮漢驥，《前蜀王建墓發掘報告》（北京：文物出版社，1964），頁42。 27 宿白，《中華人民共和國重大考古發現》（北京：文物出版社，1999），頁425-427。 28 清．梁廷 著，林梓忠校點，《南漢書》（廣州：廣東人民出版社，1981），卷 2〈高祖紀 一〉，頁5：「高祖天皇大帝，初名巖，更名陟，復名巖，改名龔，終名龑」。 294 漢學研究第 26 卷第 2 期 ᇁĄ؟ķĄ29 ఺ߏฟ઼ॡٙϲ۞ޓᓷ࠱؟ĂΈᔳ͠ধޓ࠱ڠĂͭᓽ͠΃য়ཐޓ ᇁĂߏၟҌݑ႔઼˸Вϲ̣ᇁĄᄃ።΃αă˟؟Ă˫ΐ੼য়ă̚ޢ̝؟ধ ႔ޢαᇁĂॢޢ࣫˛ᇁĂޢαᇁĂୖޢ࠹ͧౌ̙ТĞט΃ᇁ̣̈́טă˛ᇁ̱ ׹αᇁğĄ30 Яࠎ׎য়ͭͽ˯̙̏୻຾Ă၁д൑Ξ੠಴ϲᇁ۰ĄኜޢᇁĂ̱
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