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O F W I L L I a M J a M E S S T R E A S t r e a m s o f W i l l i a m J a m e s The Newsletter of William James Society Volume 2 • Issue 2 • Summer 2000 S t r e a m s o f W i l l i a m J a m e s The Newsletter of William James Society Volume 2 • Issue 2 • Summer 2000 Randall H. Albright, Editor 423 Marlborough St. • Boston, MA 02115 • USA e-mail = [email protected] www.pragmatism.org/societies/william_james.htm Advisory Board: Jason Gary Horn Chair, HumanitiesAdvisory Division, Board: Gordon College Jonathan Levin D. Micah Hester Assoc. Professor ofAsst. English, Prof. Columbia of Biomedical University Frank Pajares Ethics, School of Medicine, Professor, EducationMercer Division, University Emory University Jason Gary Horn Chair, Humanities Division, Gordon College Jonathan Levin Assoc. Professor of English, Columbia University Frank Pajares Prof., Education Division, Emory University John Shook Assist. Prof. of Philosophy, Oklahoma State University William James in Brazil, 1865 Table of Contents William James Society WebSite............................... inside cover by Randall Albright William James Society Polysemiality, Style, and Arationality...................................... 1 by Michel Weber WebSite A View of Yosemite.................................................................. 5 by Randall Albright by William James Cards from California.......................................................... 6-7 John Shook, WebMaster of the from William James www.pragmatism.org is currently also running the official Simultaneous Worlds .............................................................. 8 William James Society WebSite: quotes from William James www.pragmatism.org/societies/ The Meaning of Truth draft manuscript page.......................... 9 william_james.htm by William James, later released in book form in 1909 Nørretranders and James...................................................... 10 Anybody can currently do the following: by Randall Albright • download a version of our current Adobe Acrobat flier; My Stroll with William James and Jacques Barzun ............... 11 • click on the subpage for Streams of Will- by David Dannenbaum iam James and see the Table of Contents from A Writer for a Common Reader ............................................ 14 published issues; and by Patrizia Vallascas • click on a subpage for Membership. Orvieto’s Well........................................................................ 17 I would like to see a more extensive Web pres- by Patrizia Vallascas ence for the Society in the near future. My own Truth and the Fender Stratocaster ........................................ 18 goals include non-profit incorporation, which By Greg Stone would then allow people to join the Society with An Advocate ......................................................................... 19 a credit card through a “secure site” on the WebSite, sale of T-shirts based on either the by Greg Stone back cover of Vol. 1, #1 or the front cover of Vol. WJ and the Pragmatic Method: Potent and Plural................ 20 2, #1 through the secure site to raise money for by Chris Peterson future activities, and creation of feedback forms Discovering James................................................................. 22 about the WebSite or the newsletter. Other sug- by Phil Oliver gestions are welcome. Anyone that is interested in helping with Membership Information ...................................................... 22 Web development, please contact both John and me at: <[email protected]> and <[email protected]>. Thanks! © 2000 William James Society c/o Randall Albright • 423 Marlborough Street • Boston, MA 02115 • USA e-mail = [email protected] • http://world.std.com/~albright/james.html www.pragmatism.org/societies/william_james.htm Streams of William James is the newsletter of William James Society, a non-profit organization in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts sponsored by Randall Albright and an Advisory Board. The con- tributions to this newsletter are copyrighted by each creator of the text or visual imagery, except for the following: • WJ taken in Brazil after attack of small pox (standing) and p. 16 from The Meaning of Truth manuscript [both fMS Am 1092] are used by permission of the Houghton Library, Harvard Univer- sity, and Bay James. • The letters and cards are printed from a copy of the originals provided by and used with per- mission of Bay James that were sent from William to his son Alexander. • U.S. Cavalry Officer in Campaign Dress (circa 1890) watercolor by Frederic Remington is used by permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library. All rights reserved. Polysemiality, Style, and Arationality by Michel Weber Polysemiality, Style, and works here does not work there for obvious contingent reasons). Arationality We have seen that the concept of “pure experi- ence” is factually used by James to signify various com- by Michel Weber plementary experiential facets; the history of philosophy is full of similar examples, the most famous Our first contributions have culminated in the the- one being perhaps the polysemy exhibited by the sis that James’ pure experience structures itself in a Greek concept of “logos”. Without claiming for exhaus- contiguum (see “James’ Contiguism of ‘Pure Experi- tiveness or even systematicity, let us pin point the fol- ence’”1). Three major heuristic mile-stones have lowing disseminated meanings2: (i) anything said or underlined our argument—the concepts of polysemial- written, story or narrative; (ii) discussion, debate, the- ity, style, and arationality—; let us now examine this sis; (iii) cause, reason, argument, to give an explana- Ariadne’s clew for itself. tion for something; (iv) calculus, measure, number, correspondence, relation, proportion ; (v) worth, I. esteem, reputation; (vi) general principle or rule, uni- A polysemial concept—or “polyseme”—is simply a versal order; (vii) the faculty of reason, holding a con- concept that carries various meanings. Instead of hav- versation with oneself; (viii) definition, idea, formulae ing a one-to-one relationship between the signifier and expressing the essential nature of the facts, the truth of the signified, there is a one-to-many correspondence. the matter. Each occurrence of the concept carries, One can speak of the leg of a human being, of a horse, willy nilly, the entire semantic nebulae, thereby dis- of a table, or of a cooked lamb lying on one’s plate, closing the basic Greek ontological horizon. Now, par- without generating much confusion. Polysemiality is ticular speculations have both exploited that brute indeed a very common—and harmless—feature of nat- wealth of meaning and enriched it to meet the system- ural language as it is currently used (i.e., in everyday atic requirements of philosophy. For instance, in the life): the contextualization of the actual utterances usu- case of Heraclitus, the technical meaning of “logos” is ally prevents any difficulties. But in philosophy, polyse- mainly linked with the idea of measure, calculus and miality requires some argument to ground its proportion. When used to understand the Whole, it harmlessness, not speaking of its possible usefulness. sketches an harmonious universal picture. Further- The difficulty here, by definition, is far more abstract: more, since the logos that frames everything also the current contextual use of semantic associations inhabits the human mind, it is not a mystery that the within one single language has to be broadened to rationality of the latter understands the order of the question the semantic power of language itself: how former. There is a coalescence of the concrete and the does it make sense, signify, direct our sight towards abstract. On the top of it, the metaphor of the “univer- fully fledged concreteness while granting at the same sal fire” reminds us that the concept designates the time the possibility of abstract modelizations. This is ontological ground of beings as well as its immanent made obvious with the help, e.g., of comparative stud- law of unrest. Reality’s mode of being and becoming is ies: whereas some natural language use the word logical (“kata logon”). To understand the logos, or to “salmon” to designate a whole set of fishes sharing a act with measure, is thus nothing less than putting one- more or less obvious “family resemblance”, the same self in unisson with the cosmic inner activity. set is carefully discriminated in another language— Reading James confronts the philosopher with a say, the language of an ethnic group relying heavily on particular form of the hermeneutical problem: how to fishing for its own survival, or marine biologists. The make sense out of texts that champion polysemiality? philosopher has to question why the referential mode The wager that has given the impetus to our interpreta- that is fully acceptable in one case, is not in the other tion is fairly simple: to give a true speculative weight to one—and the answer cannot be anymore purely prag- each occurrences of the debated concept (“pure expe- matic (in the non-technical sense of the word: what rience”), and this requires first the gathering together of similar semantic occurrences under a given heading (“subjective”, “objective”, “unitive”), and second the systematization of the meanings organically linking 1. Streams of William James, Vol. I, N°3. Errata: please read, (i) in the text: “asubstantialism” instead of “a substantials”; “into the these various headings—with the result that what ontological” instead
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