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2012-01-01 The mpI act of Solar Radiation on the Distribution of The Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Audrey Marie Hernando University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected]
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Recommended Citation Hernando, Audrey Marie, "The mpI act of Solar Radiation on the Distribution of The Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (2012). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 2105. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/2105
This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE IMPACT OF SOLAR RADIATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF
THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT, Solenopsis invicta
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
AUDREY MARIE HERNANDO, M.S.
Environmental Science & Engineering Program
APPROVED:
William P. Mackay, Ph.D., Chair
Raed Aldouri, Ph.D.
Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, Ph.D.
Jerry Johnson, Ph.D.
John Walton, Ph.D.
Benjamin C. Flores, Ph.D Dean of the Graduate School.
Copyright ©
by
Audrey Marie Hernando 2012
Dedication
My dissertation would not have been possible without the help and support of my family, committee, and friends. My family: my father, my sons and their families have believed in me and encouraged me. Without their tireless support, and patience, I would not have been able to complete this work. They were there to talk me into working when I felt too tired to go on, to feed me, and hold me up when I was weak and felt betrayed by my mind and body. They always loved me, no matter what. I could not have done this without the support of my committee. They did not give up on me. And…I must thank my friends, people I consider to be my family for
their support and belief in me. Robert and Hilda Taylor have kept me going not only working on
my dissertation but to overcome all of the challenges I’ve ever had in life. I must thank Dr.
James Smash for trying his best to keep me on track. Kevin and Karen Campbell, have kept my
spirit strong when I was weak. Dr. Bill Mackay, thank you for always being there for me.
Thank you to the many other friends, who really believed I could do it.
THE IMPACT OF SOLAR RADIATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE
RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT, SOLENOPSIS INVICTA
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
by
AUDREY MARIE HERNANDO, M.S.
DISSERTATION
Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Environmental Science & Engineering Program THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2012 Acknowledgements
I must acknowledge the help provided by my friends, Dr. Hilda Taylor, Dr. Jennifer Taylor, Dr. Thom Taylor, Dr. Andrew Page, and Abdiel Quesada. It is with their patience and help that got me through the rigors of this research.
v Abstract
This dissertation investigates the role of solar radiation on Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant. This ant is considered a serious invasive pest in the southern United States.
Four Texas cities where fire ants are found were studied: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, Wichita
Falls, and the outlier, Lubbock. Shade angles were measured in eight compass directions within plots located along eight transect directions around buildings. Using the shade angle, solar radiation for different times of day and seasons were calculated. All of the cities were on the same precipitation isocline with the exception of Lubbock, Texas. The number of nests and the area of nest coverage was measured in each plot and compared to the solar radiation data. The data indicate that the time of day of lowest radiation, total radiation, and morning radiation are an important factor in number of nests found within a plot. In addition, temperature, precipitation, and distance from the building were also important in increased number and size of Solenopsis invicta nests.
vi Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ...... v
Abstract ...... vi
Table of Contents ...... vii
List of Tables ...... ix
List of Figures ...... ixi
Chapter 1: Introduction ...... 1
1.1 Background ...... 1
1.2 Morphology...... 4
1.3 Nests ...... 8
1.4 Behavior ...... 11
1.5 Ecological Ramifications: Damage to Wildlife ...... 13
1.6 Ecological Ramifications: Structural Damage ...... 14
1.7 Ecological Ramifications: Medical Ramifications ...... 16
Chapter 2: Previous Research on Abiotic Factors ...... 19
2.1 Solar Radiation...... 19
Chapter 3: Materials & Methods...... 23
3.1 Study Sites ...... 23 vii 3.2 Protocol ...... 25
Chapter 4: Results ...... 23
4.1 Descriptive Statistics ...... 30
4.2 Inferential Results: Predicting Number of Nests Per Site ...... 104
4.3 Inferential Results: Predicting Percent Nest Coverage Per Plot ...... 108
4.4 Univariate Exploratory Analyses ...... 111
Chapter 5: Conclusion...... 115
References ...... 115
Appendix ...... 124
Vita……………...... 210
viii List of Tables
Table 4.1: Variable Translation ...... 94
Table 4.2: Simple Statistics For All Cities Combined … ...... 95
Table 4.3: Contingency Analysis of Texas City by Number ...... 98
Table 4.4: ANOVA: Depend Variable – No Of Nests/Plot All Citie … ...... 99
Table 4.5: ANOVA: Dependent Variable – Coverage All Cities ...... 100
Table 4.6: Radiation values at different times for number and coverage … ...... 101
Table 4.7: Uni & Multivariate Multi-Level Neg Binomial Regression Unadjusted .... 106
Table 4.8: Uni & Multivariate Multi-Level Neg Binomial Regression Adjusted … .... 107
Table 4.9: Univariate & Multi-Level Neg Binomial Regression Predict Coverage ...... 110
Table 4.10: Exploratory Unajusted Multi-Level Neg Binomial Reg Number………. .. 113
Table 4.11: Exploratory Unajusted Multi-Level Neg Binomial Reg Coverage ...... 114
ix List of Figures
Figure 1.1: The expansion of the distribution of S. invicta...... 3
Figure 1.2: A side view of a worker of Solenopsis invicta ...... 5
Figure 1.3: Head of a Solenopsis invicta worker ...... 6
Figure 1.4. A range of worker ants is shown along with a queen ...... 7
Figure 1.5: Profile diagram of an imported fire ant mound...... 9
Figure 1.6: Red Imported Fire Ant Mound ...... 10
Figure 1.7: Fire ants in relay switch box from traffic light control box...... 15
Figure 1.8: Pustules formed after S. invicta stings...... 17
Figure 1.9: Secondary infection after fire ant sting...... 18
Figure 2.1: The above diagram shows the earth’s radiation budget ...... 22
Figure 3.1: Precipitation isoclines and study site locations...... 24
Figure 3.2: The transect directions and plots along each transect ………………..……..27
Figure 3.3: Protractor using a fishing weight used to measure shade angle...... 28
Figure 3.4: Shade angles of objects ...... 29
Figure 4.1: Corpus Christi, Texas – Cole Park Amphitheater Images...... 31
Figure 4.2: Corpus Christi, Texas - Cole Park Amphitheater number of nests ...... 32
Figure 4.3: Corpus Christi, Texas – Dr. H. P. Garcia Park Images...... 33
Figure 4.4: Corpus Christi, Texas - Dr. H. P. Garcia Park number of nest ...... 34
Figure 4.5: Corpus Christi, Texas – HEB Tennis Court Images...... 35
Figure 4.6: Corpus Christi, Texas - HEB Tennis Court number of nests ...... 36
Figure 4.7: Corpus Christi, Texas – Horne & Greenwood Baseball Park...... 37
x Figure 4.8: Corpus Christi, Texas - Horne & Greenwood Baseball Park no of nests ..... 38
Figure 4.9: Corpus Christi, Texas – Horne & Greenwood Library Images...... 39
Figure 4.10: Corpus Christi, Texas - Horne & Greenwood Library no of nests….....….40
Figure 4.11: Corpus Christi, Texas – Oak Park Images...... 41
Figure 4.12: Corpus Christi, Texas - Oak Park number of nests ...... 42
Figure 4.13: Corpus Christi, Texas – Texas Senior Center Images...... 43
Figure 4.14: Corpus Christi, Texas - Texas Senior Center number of nests ...... 44
Figure 4.15: Lubbock, Texas – McKenzie Park (Bathroom Facilities) Images...... 45
Figure 4.16: Lubbock, Texas - McKenzie Park (Bathroom Facilities) no of nests ...... 46
Figure 4.17: Lubbock, Texas – McKenzie Park (Electrical Building) Images...... 47
Figure 4.18: Lubbock, Texas - McKenzie Park (Electrical Building) number of nests . 48
Figure 4.19: Lubbock, Texas – Roscoe Wilson Elementary School Images...... 49
Figure 4.20: Lubbock, Texas - Roscoe Wilson Elementary School number of nests .... 50
Figure 4.21: Lubbock, Texas – Texas Tech University (Holden Hall) Images...... 51
Figure 4.22: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Holden Hall) no of nests ...... 52
Figure 4.23: Lubbock, Texas – Guadalupe Neighborhood Center Images...... 53
Figure 4.24: Lubbock, Texas - Guadalupe Neighborhood Center number of nests ...... 54
Figure 4.25: Lubbock, Texas – Texas Tech University (Ag Science Building) Images.. 55
Figure 4.26: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Ag Science Building) nests ..... 56
Figure 4.27: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Development Bldg) Images.. ... 57
Figure 4.28: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Development Bldg) nests ...... 58
Figure 4.29: San Antonio, Texas – Clarrisa Victoria Alderete Park Images...... 59
Figure 4.30: San Antonio, Texas - Clarrisa Victoria Alderete Park number of nests .... 60
xi Figure 4.31: San Antonio, Texas – Covington-Comanche Park Images...... 61
Figure 4.32: San Antonio, Texas - Covington-Comanche Park number of nests ...... 62
Figure 4.33: San Antonio, Texas – - Patrolman Richard Cuellar Park Images...... 63
Figure 4.34: San Antonio, Texas - Patrolman Richard Cuellar Park number of nests . 64
Figure 4.35: San Antonio, Texas – Private Home Grapevine & Silver Maple Images.. . 65
Figure 4.36: San Antonio, Texas - Private Home Grapevine & Silver Maple nests ...... 66
Figure 4.37: San Antonio, Texas – Monterrey Park Images...... 67
Figure 4.38: San Antonio, Texas - Monterrey Park number of nests ...... 68
Figure 4.39: San Antonio, Texas – Private Home (Roy) Images...... 69
Figure 4.40: San Antonio, Texas - Private Home (Roy) number of nests ...... 70
Figure 4.41: San Antonio, Texas – Rimkins Park Images ...... 71
Figure 4.42: San Antonio, Texas - Rimkins Park number of nests...... 72
Figure 4.43: San Antonio, Texas – Rodriguez Park Images ...... 73
Figure 4.44: San Antonio, Texas - Rodriguez Park number of nests ...... 74
Figure 4.45: San Antonio, Texas – Virginia Gill Community Center Images ...... 75
Figure 4.46: San Antonio, Texas - Virginia Gill Community Center number of nests . 76
Figure 4.47: Wichita Falls, Texas – Birdwell Park / Joshua Park Images ...... 77
Figure 4.48: Wichita Falls, Texas – Birdwell Park / Joshua Park number of nests ...... 78
Figure 4.49: Wichita Falls, Texas – Boy’s & Girl’s Club Images ...... 79
Figure 4.50: Wichita Falls, Texas – Boy’s & Girl’s Club number of nests ...... 80
Figure 4.51: Wichita Falls, Texas – 4811 Likins Circle Apartments Images ...... 81
Figure 4.52: Wichita Falls, Texas – 4811 Likins Circle Apartments number of nests ..... 82
Figure 4.53: Wichita Falls, Texas – Loop 11 Building Images ...... 83
xii Figure 4.54: Wichita Falls, Texas – Loop 11 Building number of nests ...... 84
Figure 4.55: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lucy Park (Filmore & Terrace) Images ...... 85
Figure 4.56: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lucy Park (Filmore & Terrace) number of nests ... 86
Figure 4.57: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lynwood Lake Park Images ...... 87
Figure 4.58: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lynwood Lake Park number of nests ...... 88
Figure 4.59: Wichita Falls, Texas – Scotland Park Images ...... 89
Figure 4.60: Wichita Falls, Texas – Scotland Park number of nests ...... 90
Figure 4.61 : Wichita Falls, Texas – South Weeks Park Images ...... 91
Figure 4.62: Wichita Falls, Texas – South Weeks Park number of nests ...... 92
xiii Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Ants are an important part of the ecosystem and most are viewed as beneficial, with roles
in pollination, seed dispersal, agents in soil aeration, as well as key organisms involved in the
breakdown of organic matter. Ants, bees and wasps, all of the Order Hymenoptera, make up
75% of the total insect biomass and approximately 15 percent of the earth’s total biomass and
are found in almost all terrestrial habitats (http://www.perceptions.couk.com/superants.html,
Hölldobler, & Wilson 1990, Schultz 2000, Perceptions 2007).
Solenopsis invicta Buren, the red imported fire ant (RIFA), makes contributions to the
ecosystem by breaking up and aerating the soil, as well as killing harmful insects and arthropods
(Chenault 2007). It has been a serious invasive species since its arrival in Mobile, Alabama in
ship ballast from Brazil in the late 1930’s or early 40’s (Buren et al. 1974, Wangberg et al. 1980,
Thompson 1990, Vander Meer et al. 1990, Lockley 1996). Solenopsis invicta is from Mato
Grosso, Brazil (Mackay et al. 1994), and was described by Dr. William Buren in 1974.
Solenopsis richteri, known as the black imported fire ant (BIFA), arrived in the United States around 1918 in Mobile, Alabama from southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Solenopsis richteri made available an increased number of disturbed habitats with reduced competition from native ants in the United States facilitating S. invicta’s success when it arrived in Mobile,
Alabama (Buren et al. 1974, Wangberg et al. 1980, Thompson 1990, Vander Meer et al. 1990,
Lockley 1996, Vinson 1997). The red imported fire ant has spread, without natural predators,
1 throughout most of the southern United States (Figure 1.1), into west Texas (Vander Meer et al.
1990, Mackay & Fagerlund 1997) and areas as far west as California are currently quarantined
(California Department of Food & Agriculture 2011)
The red imported fire ant has not only caused ecological damage by extirpating colonies
of the beneficial native ant fauna but has cost humans as well. Dr. Charles Lard of College
Station, Texas, who conducted a survey through Texas A&M University, found that fire ants cost
Texas an estimated $236.5 million (Chenault 2007). In the United States, it is estimated that the cost from damage caused by the fire ant and control of their population is close to $6.5 billion per year (Calcaterra, et al. 2005). Since most colonies are polygynous (Vinson & Sorenson
1986) and because they do not have natural predators, they have been able to spread throughout most of the southern United States. Research is needed in an effort to understand the red imported fire ant’s ecology, which may be used as a means to control its spread.
Understanding the environment and how organisms relate and interact within the environment is essential in the study of ecosystem function. In this study, the relationship between solar radiation and its effect on Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant is investigated.
2
Figure 1.1: The expansion of the distribution of S. invicta. (USDA 1999)
(http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~gilbert/research/fireants/photos/ifaustdist.gif).
3 1.2 Morphology
Ants are insects that are divided into three major body parts; a head, mesosoma, and
gaster. The body of S. invicta is a reddish brown color with a darker gaster (Jackson 2010).
Solenopsis invicta has distinct morphological characteristics that distinguish it from other species
of Solenopsis. The red imported fire ant is a polymorphic species that ranges in size between 2.4
to 6 mm total length (Hedges 1998). Their 10-segmented antennae with a 2-segmented club
identify them as belonging to the genus Solenopsis (Jackson 2010). They also have both a
petiole and postpetiole and a stinger at the end of the gaster (Hung et al. 1977, Hedges 1997 &
1998). The peduncle of the petiole of S. invicta lacks a ventral tooth (Figure 1.2). The species S.
invicta can be definitively identified by the 4 teeth found on the mandible and the third medial tooth found on the anterior margin of the clypeus (Hung et al. 1977) (Figure1.3).
These ants are polymorphic with the queen being the largest (Figure 1.4).
Reproductive alates (winged males and females) are larger in size than the workers and soldiers.
Male reproductives can be distinguished by their smaller head, and a smaller slender body compared to the females’ larger more rotund gaster (Texas A & M 2010). The lifespan of the wingless sterile females, the workers and soldiers (Drees, et al 1996) is contingent on their size
(Figure 1.4) and can range from 30 to 180 days. Queens can have the longest lifespan of two to six years (Hedges 1997).
4 10-segment antenna with two segmented club .
Petiole & Post Petiole
Stinger
Figure 1.2: A side view of a worker of Solenopsis invicta (ISSG Suarez
2010. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=77).
5 Mandible
Third tooth
Figure 1.3: Head of a Solenopsis invicta worker. (Wild
2009) http://myrmecos.net/.
6
Figure 1.4. A range of worker ants is shown along with a queen. (ISSG Porter 2010. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=77).
7 1.3 Nests
Solenopsis invicta nests are usually found in open sunny areas especially around structures such as buildings, cement foundations, or sidewalks. They can also be found around tree trunks or in logs. The nests include underground tunnels allowing ants to forage further from the mound than they would if they were to forage on the surface (Figure 1.5) (Porter & Tschinkel
1987, A&M University 2009). These nests are identifiable in that they do not exhibit any obvious entrances since they build their mound from underground pushing the soil up (A&M
University 2009). Nests can be up to 40 cm high, and extend to 1.8 m below the surface and have a diameter of 25-63 cm. The mound is higher during the wetter seasons while during drought conditions they can be difficult to locate since they seem to disappear, descending below the ground during dry hot climates (Taber 2000) (Figure 1.6).
8 Mound Foraging Tunnels
Galleries & Chambers
Tunnels to Water Table
Figure 1.5: Profile diagram of an imported fire ant mound. University of
California 2008). http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/TOOLS/ANTKEY/rifamnd.hmtl.
9
Figure 1.6: Red Imported Fire Ant Mound (Texas A&M University
2012).
10 1.4 Behavior
The spread of the fire ant is due primarily to its reproductive behavior as well as its transport in sod, soil, and infested plants (Klein and Thompson 1999). In addition, the red imported fire ant disperses naturally during mating flights, normal colony movement and by rafting during periods of flooding (Lockley 1996). Although hundreds to thousands of winged reproductives leave the nest after the colony is a year old (Vinson & Sorenson 1986), only a few of the queens will reproduce and start a new colony. Many will die before finding a mate and some mate with the wrong species (Holldobler & Wilson 1990). Mating flights occur during warm sunny periods following rain. After mating, several queens will cluster under a shelter and form a colony. Once this colony is established, all but one queen is killed in a monogynous colony while in polygynous colonies several queens co-inhabit a nest. Some single queens will find a suitable spot to colonize and will snap off their wings with her legs, and seal themselves into the soil. Initially, the colony is small (Vinson & Sorenson 1986). Later, after the colony is established, a queen can produce 1500 to 5000 eggs per day (Tschinkel 1993) with mature colonies containing 200,000 to 400,000 workers (Vinson 1997).
Polygynous populations of S. invicta were discovered in 1973 in Mississippi (Vinson &
Sorenson 1986, Allen et al. 1995). One queen is the “primary” queen, while others are tolerated; the “secondary” queens compete reproductively. Polygyne nests can spread by budding and provide higher colony densities from 400-600 mounds/ha (Porter et al. 1988) and can be as high as 1000 mounds/ha (Vinson 1997) compared to colony densities of monogyne populations of 50-120 mounds/ha (Porter et al. 1988).
11 The nests are composed primarily of sterile females (workers), whose role is to take on
the labor intensive duties of foraging and caring for juvenile ants. Foragers search for food in looping patterns up to 30.5 m from the colony. Foraging takes place primarily during temperature of 21 to 32 Co. Soldiers are sterile females that respond aggressively to defend the
nest. The reproductive males exist only to mate with and fertilize the queen ants. Once mating
has occurred, males die (Jackson 2010).
12 1.5 Ecological Ramifications: Damage To Wildlife
Solenopsis invicta is also a serious wildlife threat. Fire ants alter the delicate ecological balance that exists in nature by competing with native ants and other insects. The red imported fire ant requires protein for larval growth. Although fire ants are predators and reduce pest populations, they are considered to have an overall negative effect on the environment (Wojcik et al. 2001). Attempts are made on a routine basis to eradicate or control their expansion. For example, ecological studies in the Florida Keys, a quarantined area, show that the red imported fire ant has a detrimental effect on different species. Experiments done with the state and federally protected swallowtail butterfly, Papilio aristodemus ponceanus Schaus, showed that S. invicta preys on all developmental stages (Forys et al. 2001). Solenopsis invicta is also a serious predator of endangered cave dwellers: spiders, harvestmen, pseudoscorpions and beetles (Elliott 1993). They have also been known to impact the Florida scub-jay (Wilcoxen and Rensel 2009). Although the bird eggs are safe unless cracked, ants will destroy the nestlings and young birds. Since S. invicta is an opportunistic species, aggressively attacking the broken eggs and hatchings, not only are birds at risk, but reptiles and amphibians are vulnerable to predation (Allen et al. 1974). Fire ants have been known to attack small mammals such as rodents (Mount 1981) and rabbits (Hill 1970) as well attack and sometimes kill newborn cattle or deer (Mount 1981).
13 1.6 Ecological Ramifications: Structural Damage
Solenopsis invicta causes damage to structures. They remove soil from beneath asphalt, causing roads to collapse (National Park Service 2010). In Texas alone, $300 million is spent annually to eradicate fire ants and to pay for the damage caused by them. In North Carolina and
Florida, fire ants were found to be responsible for potholes and road collapse. Road sealant replacement costs $45,100 per km while repairs cost $82-$187 per km (Banks et al. 1990). The red imported fire ants will nest within structures such as automobiles and recreation vehicles, and walls of homes where they will forage for food and water (Agrilife Extension 2010). The homeowners in Arkansas pay on average $265 per household in pest management. Fire ant mounds also impede and damage farm equipment when the mound is dry and hardened (National
Park Service 2010). S. invicta are attracted to electrical fields and cause damage to any electrical unit they infest. Once in the unit, they can get between breaker points short circuiting the unit and causing their own death which in turn attracts more fire ants (Gale 1996, Elsberrry 1997,
McDonald 2006, AgriLife Extension 2010). The cost in damages to electrical systems alone comes to $11 million (Texas Agricultural Extension Service 2010). In Texas, fire ants damage to relay switches in traffic signals is $200.00 a service call. Drs. William P. Mackay and S.
Bradleigh Vinson (Mackay et al. 1992) have eliminated possible factors that cause the ants to be attracted to electrical units. As a preventative measure they recommend using metal or plastic cases and terminal cap protectors. Fire ants have also been known to strip the insulation from electrical wires (Elsberry 1997) (Figure 1.7).
14
Figure 1.7: Fire ants in relay switch box from traffic light
control box. (Texas A&M 2012) Photo by Bart Drees.
(http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/).
1.7 Ecological Ramifications: Medical Ramifications
Any disturbance to the colony results in an aggressive and rapid response. Each fire ant will bite, holding onto the person with their mandibles, while they inject multiple doses of venom in a circular fashion around the bite until their venom sac is depleted (American 15 Academy 1993, Greenberg et al. 2008, Miller & Allen 2010, National Park Service 2010). Their painful burning sting uses venom composed of alkaloids known as piperidines (Hölldobler and Wilson 1999) and a small amount of protein that has insecticidal bactericidal and fungicidal properties (Hung 1977). Within 48 hours, the painful sting forms white pustules (Figure 1.8), which are subject to secondary infections and often scarring (Figure 1.9). Hypersensitive individuals can suffer nausea, dizziness, shock, or coma, to chest pains. Deaths have been documented as a result of the stings (Lockley 1996, Greenberg 2008, Miller 2010). Stinging incidents can result in tort liability claims (Texas Agricultural Extension Service 2000).
16
Figure 1.8: Pustules formed after S. invicta stings. Texas
Department of Agriculture file photo. (Texas A&M
2012) Photo by Bart Drees.
(http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/).
17
Figure 1.9: Secondary infection after fire ant sting (Texas A&M 2012) Photo by Bart
Drees. (http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/).
18 Chapter 2
Previous Research On Abiotic Factors
2.1 Solar Radiation
Three dimensional mounds are shaped to act as solar collectors (Vogt 2007) and
ants construct their nest to control mound temperature and humidity (Zetter et al. 2004). A study
of ant mound thermal structure in relationship to the mound shape and solar positions determined
that the greatest mound temperature differences peaked from solar noon to early afternoon (Vogt
et al. 2008). Vogt et al. (2008) have also found that under ideal precipitation and temperature
regimes red imported fire ant mounds were tallest and steepest when there was a period of low
sun. Vogt et al. (2008) report that both sun elevation and insolation have not been studied as
predictive variables in relationship to the characteristics of mound shape. Most research on
Solenopsis invicta has focused on the impact of thermoregulation (Penick 2008) and ambient
temperature (Porter 1988, Korzukhin et al 2001).
There have been studies looking at the effect of solar radiation on different organisms.
The effect of solar radiation on the American Robin and their brood size was investigated in
Nevada (Warkentin et al. 2003). Dilcher et al. (2003) conducted another study on the impact of
light availability (insolation) on the ant, Atta colombica, in understory vegetation on Barro
Colorado Island, Panama. They investigated the amount of vegetation removed by Atta
colombica and the amount of solar radiation that was available and found that there was a 49%
greater insolation on nest sites. However, research has not been conducted on the effect of solar
radiation on colony locations of Solenopsis invicta.
19 The ecology of the red imported fire ant and its interactions with both biotic and
abiotic factors that contribute to its environment need to be understood in order to find a way to
retard their expansion. Agents, which impact the fire ant, include other species of ants, insects,
plants, soil properties, insolation, temperatures, and moisture regimes. Further knowledge of S.
invicta and these factors can provide fundamental information that applies to all soil biota, not
only in the Southwest, but other locations as well. Both detrimental and beneficial applications
can be extrapolated from the information discovered. This study focuses on how solar radiation
or insulation affects where the red imported fire ant selects a location for their nest.
Solar radiation is the measurable amount of energy from the sun that strikes a given cross-section when the sun is directly overhead that area (Pidwirny 2006) at any given location
for any unit of time. Solar radiation is expressed as units of energy/area: MJ/m2. The earth maintains a balance between the energy that reaches the earth and the energy that reflects back into space. The radiation budget is important in understanding climate as well as other energy relationships. There are three factors that influence incoming solar radiation (Figure 2.1): diffusion, refection, and absorption (Pidwirny 2006). Solar radiation may influence the presence or absence of S. invicta.
Several different characteristics can affect the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth: topography, vegetation, buildings, shade, as well as surface water, and cloud cover.
Anthropogenic factors can also affect the amount of insolation that occurs on earth; auto exhaust fumes, smoke from forest fires, and industrial pollution. Solar radiation also varies during different times of the day. In general, there is more radiation during the midday because the sun is positioned directly overhead; the rays are shortened, resulting in less chance of scattering or absorption. The more perpendicular the sun’s rays are to the earth, the greater the insolation.
20 Summers also have higher insolation, since day light hours are longer (National Renewable
Energy Laboratory).
Radiation has two components that can be measured: diffuse radiation and direct beam radiation. Diffuse radiation is that scattered by different natural and anthropogenic factors and is about 10% - 20% of the radiation in clear skies, but can be up to 100 % for cloudy skies. Direct beam radiation is the radiation that comes in a direct line from the sun (National Renewable
Energy Laboratory).
Solar radiation also varies during different times of the day. In general, there is more radiation during the midday because the sun is positioned directly overhead; the rays are shortened, resulting in less chance of scattering or absorption. The more perpendicular the sun’s rays are to the earth, the greater the insolation. Summers also have higher insolation, since day light hours are longer according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
21
Figure 2.1: The above diagram shows the earth’s radiation budget
(Pidwirny 2006) http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7f.html ).
22 Chapter 3
Materials & Methods
3.1 Study Sites
The state of Texas is an excellent area for research to study the effects of solar
radiation and fire ant populations because of its size and variety of habitats. It also includes areas
that are both infested and uninfested with red imported fire ant populations, partly due to
consistent quarantine procedures. Fire ant populations were examined in four Texas cities.
Lubbock, Texas has had infestations of colonies of the red imported fire ant since 1984 (Texas
A&M 2012), yet as a county has not been quarantined, and only areas actually infested are
quarantined (TexReg 1931). Although Lubbock has S. invicta populations, it is lacking the
environmental parameters that fire ants need for optimal survival. Lubbock only has an average
of 25 cm of precipitation per year (Figure 3.1). Because of these factors it was deemed
appropriate to choose Lubbock as an outlier. The other three cities, Wichita Falls, San Antonio,
and Corpus Christi, Texas were selected primarily for two reasons. They are known to have fire
ant infestations and are located on the same precipitation isoclines receiving approximately 71
cm per year at different times of the year (Figure 3.1), and are subjected to different annual
temperature cycles.
23
Figure 3.1: Precipitation isoclines and study site locations. The numbers are in inches. (1 in = 2.54 cm). Texas A&M, Texas Maps
2012. Cross hairs indicate study areas. http://cnrit.tamu.edu/cgrm/whatzhot/maps/new-1.gif.
24 3.2 Protocol
The protocol was to locate buildings in urban areas of these four cities where fire ant
populations were established. Buildings where at least three red imported fire ant mounds occurred
were selected as research sites. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used to determine
the geographical position of the northernmost point of the building. In order to reduce variability,
buildings with level terrain were preferred. Transects were established in eight directions (North,
Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, and Northwest) from the center of the building
outward (Figure 3.2a). Meter square plots were made along each of the transects up to a minimal
distance of two times the height of the building at eight meter increments (Figure 3.2) with the first
plot located adjacent to the building.
The shade angle which was used to calculate solar radiation, which was measured from the center of each plot (1m2) in eight compass directions using a protractor with a weight to determine the angle (Figure 3.3). The shade angle is defined as the measurement of the angle of inclination
(Figure 3.4) of objects that produce shade on the plot (Figure 3.4). Shade angles for both soft shade
(shade from deciduous trees or any temporary shade) and hard shade (the shade of conifers, buildings, or permanent shade) were measured with a modified clinometer. In addition to the shade angle, the number of fire ant nests, as well as the length and width of the mounds were measured within each plot.
In addition to the measurement of shade angle, distance from the building and transect direction for each plot on each transect were recorded. Different weather parameters were also noted.
This information was used to determine their relationship with fire ant nest number and coverage.
Mathmatica™ was used to convert the shade angles into solar radiation values for different seasons and times of day. The solar radiation or insolation was calculated using the National 25 Renewable Energy Laboratory Center for Renewable Energy Resources code SOLPOS.C. by running the program with shade angles, locations and different times of the day as well as different times of the year. This code, SOLPOS.C, measures both the intensity of the sun, as well as the position of the sun in the sky. The C function calculates the apparent solar position and the theoretical maximum solar radiation for any date, time and location on earth (NREL). Using this program, the direct solar radiation or insolation for any given location can be calculated for any date or group of dates as well as any time during the day. The amount of solar radiation for any shady patch located on earth can be calculated.
The analytical program, SPSS™ and Stata™, was used to analyze the data. Traditional statistics were utilized to determine relationships in the data.
26
N
NE 8m NW
W E
SE SW S
a b
Figure 3.2: The transect directions and plots along each transect around buildings
of study sites.
27
Figure 3.3: Protractor using a fishing weight used to measure shade angle.
(Bauhman et al. 2006). http://www.extension.unm.edu/distribution/naturalresources/
DD8425.html.
28 α
Figure 3.4: Shade angles of objects in the eight compass directions are measured
from the center of each plot. Alpha (α) is the angle of inclination (Brashear 2008).
http://www.georgiacountry.com/blogspot/?p=18.
29 Chapter 4
Results
4.1 Descriptive Statistics
This study involves two primary dependent variables: 1) the number of S. invicta nests within the plots, and 2) the total nest coverage or size of the nests within the plots. The main independent factor used to evaluate the variables is solar radiation exposure at each site, including different times of the day as well as different seasons. Additional factors include transect compass direction and distance in meters from the buildings found at each site. Weather conditions were also evaluated.
30
Figure 4.1: Corpus Christi, Texas – Cole Park Amphitheater Images.
31
Figure 4.2: Corpus Christi, Texas - Cole Park Amphitheater number of nests / nest coverage per plot (%).
32
Figure 4.3: Corpus Christi, Texas – Dr. H. P. Garcia Park Images.
33
Figure 4.4: Corpus Christi, Texas - Dr. H. P. Garcia Park number of nests / nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
34
Figure 4.5: Corpus Christi, Texas – HEB Tennis Court Images.
35
Figure 4.6: Corpus Christi, Texas - HEB Tennis Court number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
36
Figure 4.7: Corpus Christi, Texas – Horne & Greenwood Baseball Park .
37
Figure 4.8: Corpus Christi, Texas - Horne & Greenwood Baseball Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
38
Figure 4.9: Corpus Christi, Texas – Horne & Greenwood Library Images.
39
Figure 4.10: Corpus Christi, Texas - Horne & Greenwood Library
number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
40
Figure 4.11: Corpus Christi, Texas – Oak Park Images.
41
Figure 4.12: Corpus Christi, Texas - Oak Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
42
Figure 4.13: Corpus Christi, Texas – Texas Senior Center Images.
43
Figure 4.14: Corpus Christi, Texas - Texas Senior Center number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
44
Figure 4.15: Lubbock, Texas – McKenzie Park (Bathroom Facilities) Images.
45
Figure 4.16: Lubbock, Texas - McKenzie Park (Bathroom Facilities) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
46
Figure 4.17: Lubbock, Texas – McKenzie Park (Electrical Building) Images.
47
Figure 4.18: Lubbock, Texas - McKenzie Park (Electrical Building) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
48
Figure 4.19: Lubbock, Texas – Roscoe Wilson Elementary School Images.
49
Figure 4.20: Lubbock, Texas - Roscoe Wilson Elementary School number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
50
Figure 4.21: Lubbock, Texas – Texas Tech University (Holden Hall) Images.
51
Figure 4.22: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Holden Hall) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
52
Figure 4.23: Lubbock, Texas – Guadalupe Neighborhood Center Images.
53
Figure 4.24: Lubbock, Texas - Guadalupe Neighborhood Center number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
54
Figure 4.25: Lubbock, Texas – Texas Tech University (Ag Science
Building) Images.
55
Figure 4.26: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Ag Science
Building) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no
56
Figure 4.27: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Development
Building) Images.
57
Figure 4.28: Lubbock, Texas - Texas Tech University (Development
Building) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
58
Figure 4.29: San Antonio, Texas – Clarrisa Victoria Alderete Park Images.
59
Figure 4.30: San Antonio, Texas - Clarrisa Victoria Alderete Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
60
Figure 4.31: San Antonio, Texas – Covington-Comanche Park Images.
61
Figure 4.32: San Antonio, Texas - Covington-Comanche Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
62
Figure 4.33: San Antonio, Texas – - Patrolman Richard Cuellar Park Images.
63
Figure 4.34: San Antonio, Texas - Patrolman Richard Cuellar Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
64
Figure 4.35: San Antonio, Texas – Private Home – Grapevine & Silver
Maple Images.
65
Figure 4.36: San Antonio, Texas - Private Home – Grapevine &
Silver Maple number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
66
Figure 4.37: San Antonio, Texas – Monterrey Park Images.
67
Figure 4.38: San Antonio, Texas - Monterrey Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot. X values indicate no plot (%).
68
Figure 4.39: San Antonio, Texas – Private Home (Roy) Images.
69
Figure 4.40: San Antonio, Texas - Private Home (Roy) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot. X values indicate no plot (%).
70
Figure 4.41: San Antonio, Texas – Rimkins Park Images.
71
Figure 4.42: San Antonio, Texas - Rimkins Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
72
Figure 4.43: San Antonio, Texas – Rodriguez Park Images.
73
Figure 4.44: San Antonio, Texas - Rodriguez Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
74
Figure 4.45: San Antonio, Texas – Virginia Gill Community Center Images.
75
Figure 4.46: San Antonio, Texas - Virginia Gill Community Center number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
76
Figure 4.47: Wichita Falls, Texas – Birdwell Park / Joshua Park Images.
77
Figure 4.48: Wichita Falls, Texas – Birdwell Park / Joshua Park
number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
78
Figure 4.49: Wichita Falls, Texas – Boy’s & Girl’s Club Images.
79
Figure 4.50: Wichita Falls, Texas – Boy’s & Girl’s Club number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
80
Figure 4.51: Wichita Falls, Texas – 4811 Likins Circle Apartments Images.
81
Figure 4.52: Wichita Falls, Texas – 4811 Likins Circle Apartments
number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
82
. Figure 4.53: Wichita Falls, Texas – Loop 11 Building Images
83
Figure 4.54: Wichita Falls, Texas – Loop 11 Building number of nests/
nest coverage per plot (%).
84
Figure 4.55: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lucy Park (Filmore & Terrace) Images.
85
Figure 4.56: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lucy Park (Filmore & Terrace) number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
86
Figure 4.57: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lynwood Lake Park Images.
87
Figure 4.58: Wichita Falls, Texas – Lynwood Lake Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%).
88
Figure 4.59: Wichita Falls, Texas – Scotland Park Images.
89
Figure 4.60: Wichita Falls, Texas – Scotland Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
90
Figure 4.61 : Wichita Falls, Texas – South Weeks Park Images.
91
Figure 4.62: Wichita Falls, Texas – South Weeks Park number of nests/ nest coverage per plot (%). X values indicate no plot.
92
Table 4.1 shows the definitions of the variables while Table 4.2 shows some simple statistics on the two dependent (number and coverage) and 14 independent variables. The variable listed as number represents the count of nests found in the plots. Coverage represents the sum of the total size of the nests in each plot (Table 4.2). The rest of the variables are solar radiation values (watts/m2) calculated from shade angles measured in each plot in the eight compass directions. Values chosen to determine solar radiation were time of day and seasons.
.
93 Table 4.1: Variable Translation
Variables Definitions
Winter Freeze Julian Dates 1-31 Winter Dates
Pollen Date Julian Dates 121-181 Spring Dates
Summer Solstice Julian Dates 171-176 Summer Dates
Fall Julian Dates 182-212 Fall Dates
Winter Solstice Julian Dates 354-357 Winter Dates
MAXRAD (Max) Maximum Instantaneous Radiation
MAXTIME (Mtime) Time of maximum instantaneous radiation
MAXDAYRAD (Mday) Radiation on highest day
MAXDAYTIME (Mdayt) Time of radiation on day of highest radiation
MINDAYRAD (Mind) Radiation on lowest day
MINDAYTIME (Mindt) Time of day of lowest radiation
TOTRAD Total radiation
MORNRAD Morning radiation
AFTRAD Afternoon radiation
94 Table 4.2: Simple Statistics For All Cities Combined. Radiation units in MJ/m2.
Variable N Mean Variance Sum Minimum Maximum Nest Number 658 0.84 1.52 556.00 0 7.0 Nest Coverage 658 5.27 98.61 3471 0 68.63495 (%) Total Radiation 658 8841 531.30 5817481 1456 11505
Morning 658 3056 827214.6 2011071 526.52 4691
Afternoon 658 2163 435520.1 1423282 389.45 3404
Max 658 1.29 0.003 851.44 0.26 1.33712 Mtime 658 146.89 572.76 96655 96.47 167.53 Mday 658 36587 12645136 24074275 7883 39621 Mdayt 658 148.53 1055.78 97739 87 192.0 Mind 658 11453 31798321 75360713 0 21226
Mindt 658 321.55 6653 211583 0 364.00
Winter Freeze 658 504.38 19252.31 331884 0 713.15047
Pollen 658 1906 497574.5 1244178 460.05 2366
Summer Solstice 658 190.53 4975.41 125371 45.49 237.58 Fall 658 963.39 127085.8 633910 232.54 1196 Winter Solstice 658 57.92 290.43 38108 0 84.94
95 Numbers of plots (total 658 plots combined over cities) were reviewed for number of nests found in each plot as well as the size of the nest (coverage cm2). The number of plots for each city ranged from 160 to171 plots. The number of ant nests found in the plots examined, in each city, show that Lubbock had the highest number of plots (135 plots) without any ants present, followed by Wichita Falls (98 Plots), Corpus Christi (80 Plots), then San Antonio, Texas with only 60 plots that had no fire ants present (Table 4.3).
Overall, Lubbock has the least number of ant’s nests found in plots (Table 4.3). Only 16 plots with 1 nest, 8 plots with 2 nests, and 3 plots with 3 nests were discovered. None of the plots in Lubbock had more than 3 nests. The grand total of plots with fire ants nests in Lubbock came to 33. Although, Wichita Falls, Texas came in second with the most plots with the least number of Solenopsis invicta nests, it was the only location that had 7 nests for two different plots. Wichita Falls has the following nest to plot counts: 1 nest (26), 2 nests (20), 3 nests (14), 4 nests (3), 5 nests (1), 6 nests (2), and 7 nests (2). Although, Lubbock and Wichita Falls are both in the same vicinity, Wichita Falls had more nests than Lubbock with a total of 151 nests.
Both Corpus Christi and San Antonio have the highest number of fire ant nests with 183 and 187 respectively. Corpus Christi has 38 plots with 1 nest compared to San Antonio with 47 plots with 1 nest. Plots that had only 3 nests totaled 15 plots for Corpus Christi versus 11 plots for San Antonio. Both locations have 7 plots with 4 nests and 1 plot with 6 nests. Corpus Christi has 2 plots to San Antonio’s 1 plot with 5 nests (Table 4.3).
96 Table 4.3: Contingency Analysis of Texas City by Number
Count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total (Number Number of Nests) of Nests Per City
Corpus Christi, Texas
Count 80 38 28 15 7 2 1 0 171
Col % 21.5 29.9 31.1 35.59 41.2 50 25 0
Lubbock, Texas
Count 135 16 8 1 0 0 0 0 160
Col % 36.2 12.6 8.89 2.44 0 0 0 0
San Antonio, Texas
Count 60 47 34 11 7 1 1 0 161
Col % 16.1 37 37.8 26.83 41.2 25 25 0
Wichita Falls, Texas
Count 98 26 20 14 3 1 2 2 166
Col % 26.3 20.5 22.2 34.15 17.7 25 50 100
Total 373 127 90 41 17 4 4 2 658 Number
97 The negative binomial regression model is used when there is evidence of over-
dispersion in the Poisson distribution which uses a probability model where more variability is
allowed in the data (Dallal 2008). Since the variance was larger than the mean in the two
dependent variables, the data show that these variables have a clumped or binomial distribution
(Ludwig & Reynolds 1988). A negative binomial model was used, which adjusts the observed
distribution for over-dispersion (σ2 >µ). Factors include the sites, which were selected in four
cities: 1) Wichita Falls, Texas, 2) San Antonio, Texas, 3) Corpus Christi, Texas, and 4) Lubbock,
Texas. The analysis was run using a multi-level negative binomial regression with the sites entered as random factors (Snijderss & Bosker 1999). The Likelihood-Ratio χ2 indicates that
the multi-level model specification fit the data better than single level models (all p values’s <
0.05).
There are four covariates of direct interest in this analysis. The first covariate is the location of the sites: Wichita Falls, San Antonio, Corpus Christi, and Lubbock, Texas.
Lubbock is different in climate and precipitation and is therefore considered as a reference category in the analyses out of all four cities. The second covariate was transect direction found
around the buildings at each site. The transect direction was in eight compass directions and
analyzed as a categorical covariate (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°). The
reference category used was 0° (north), in order to determine if this covariate (transect
directions) partially explained the variability. The distance (m) of plots located along transects
in 8 m intervals away from the building, was also evaluated as a third covariate. The fourth
covariate, solar radiation, was used to predict outcomes of interest. Unadjusted models using one
covariate, and adjusted models using all four covariates were estimated simultaneously.
98 In addition to the 4 central covariates of interest, univariate, multi-level negative binomial regressions were used for additional covariates. These additional covariates were as follows: average maximum, minimum and mean daily temperature (°F), annual precipitation (inches) (1
in = 2.54 cm), morning and evening relative humidity levels at the city level, average number of
clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy days at the city level, and morning and afternoon solar radiation
(1000 MJ/m2).
99 4.2 Inferential Results: Predicting Number of Nests Per Site
Both adjusted (4 covariates) and unadjusted (1 covariate) multi-level negative binomial regressions were used (Table 4.4 & 4.5). The Wald χ2 is a chi-squared distributed parametric
test and was used to test the amount of “signal” or “noise” in the model.
The results of the adjusted multi-level model where Wald χ2 (df = 12) = 58.70, p value <
0.001, are similar to the results of the unadjusted estimates with the exception of the effect of
plot distance from the building. The degrees of freedom indicate the number of covariates or
variables in the model.
The incident rate ratio (IRR) was used to determine the ratio of two incidence rates; to
define the given effect (www.hsph.harvard.edu). The IRR would explain what the count of nests
or coverage could be expected to be, with the stipulation that the factor of interest is present. In
contrast, to the un-adjusted effect of plot distance (m) from the building, the incidence rate ratio
(IRR) = 0.99. p = 0.09. The transect direction did not explain the number of nests/plot in either
the unadjusted or adjusted model. Adjusted and unadjusted models indicate that the amount of
total solar radiation is associated with an increase in the number of ant nests at a given site. The
incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.10, p value < 0.01 in the adjusted model was associated with an
approximate 10% increase in the number of nests with each increase of 1000 MJ/m2.
In the adjusted model (Table 4.5), relative to Lubbock, Wichita Falls has an IRR = 3.38,
p< 0.001, Corpus Christi’s IRR = 4.18, p value < 0.001, San Antonio’s IRR = 5.50, p value <
0.001, all showing evidence of higher observed nest counts. Looking at the difference in
strength between the three cities, the adjusted model indicates that the rate estimates between
Wichita Falls and Corpus Christi were statistically significant, Wald χ2(1) = 0.61, p = 0.43. The 100 difference in rate estimates between Wichita Falls and San Antonio were not statistically significantly different, Wald χ2 (1) = 3.39, p value = 0.07, and the difference in rate estimates
between Corpus Christi and San Antonio was not statistically significant as Wald χ2 (1) = 1.12, p
value = 0.29. This implies that Corpus Christi, San Antonio, and Wichita Falls have
approximately similar predicted rates of nests relative to the control, Lubbock, Texas.
101 Table 4.4: Univariate and Multivariate Multi-Level Negative Binomial Regression Predicting
Number of Nests For Unadjusted Models.
Number of Nests
Unadjusted Models
Covariate IRR S.E. p 95% CI
City (reference = Lubbock, TX)
Wichita Falls 3.89 1.26 <0.001 2.07 - 7.33
Corpus Christi 4.75 1.52 <0.001 2.54 - 8.88
San Antonio 5.94 1.84 <0.001 3.24 - 10.9
Transect (reference = 0 degrees)
45 0.84 0.18 0.42 0.54 - 1.29
90 1.17 0.25 0.44 0.78 - 1.77
135 0.94 0.21 0.78 0.61 - 1.45
180 1.3 0.27 0.21 0.87 - 1.94
225 1.33 0.26 0.15 0.9 - 1.97
270 0.88 0.18 0.54 0.58 - 1.33
315 0.96 0.2 0.85 0.64 - 1.45
Distance from Building (Meters) 0.99 0.01 0.05 0.98 - 1
Total Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M² 1.11 0.03 <0.01 1.05 - 1.18
102 Table 4.5: Univariate and Multivariate Multi-Level Negative Binomial Regression Predicting Number of Nests for Adjusted Models. Number of Nests
Adjusted Models
p- Number Covariate IRR S.E. value 95% CI
City (reference = Lubbock, TX)
1.7 Wichita Falls 3.38 1.11 <0.001 8 - 6.42
2.2 Corpus Christi 4.18 1.35 <0.001 2 - 7.88
2.9 San Antonio 5.5 1.72 <0.001 7 - 10.16
Transect (reference = 0 degrees)
45 0.83 0.18 0.41 0.54 - 1.28
90 1.09 0.23 0.68 0.72 - 1.65
135 0.88 0.19 0.55 0.57 - 1.35
180 1.21 0.25 0.36 0.81 - 1.81
225 1.21 0.24 0.35 0.82 - 1.78
270 0.85 0.18 0.44 0.56 - 1.28
315 0.97 0.2 0.88 0.64 - 1.46
Distance from Building (Meters) 0.99 0.01 0.09 0.98 - 1
Total Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M² 1.1 0.03 <0.01 1.04 - 1.17
Note: IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval. Bolded are statistically significant . 103 4.3 Inferential Results: Predicting Percent Nest Coverage Per Plot
There was an association in unadjusted and adjusted models of nest coverage and city. In
the adjusted model, relative to Lubbock, Wichita Falls, IRR = 3.24, p value < 0.001, Corpus
Christi, IRR = 4.53, p value< 0.001, and San Antonio, IRR = 5.98, p value< 0.001, all exhibited
a considerably higher observed nest coverage.
Table 4.6 shows the results of the unadjusted and adjusted multi-level negative binomial
regression for nest coverage. The adjusted multi-level negative binomial regression Wald χ2 (12)
= 89.66, p value< 0.001, had similar results as the unadjusted estimates. In both the adjusted and unadjusted models transect direction did not explain nest coverage within a plot, while there was a relationship between distance from the building and nest coverage. In the adjusted model, there was a small although statistically significant, IRR = 0.98, p value < 0.01 for distance from the building. Density dropped off with distance from the building. This suggests that for each meter increase away from the building, nest coverage decreases approximately 2%; therefore, the closer to the building the greater the nest coverage within the plots. Total solar radiation was associated with an increase of nest coverage for both the unadjusted and adjusted models. The incidence rate ratio in the adjusted model indicated that with each increase of 1000 MJ/m2, there
was an approximate 12% increase in the percent nest coverage (IRR = 1.12, p value < 0.001).
There was an association in unadjusted and adjusted models of nest coverage and city. In the adjusted model, relative to Lubbock, Wichita Falls, IRR = 3.24, p value < 0.001, Corpus
Christi, IRR = 4.53, p < 0.001, and San Antonio, IRR = 5.98, p value < 0.001, all exhibited a considerably higher observed nest coverage.
104 The differences among the three cities in the strength of observed associations within the adjusted model were further assessed. The difference in nest coverage estimates between
Wichita Falls and Corpus Christi were not statistically significant, Wald χ2 (1) = 3.21, p value =
0.07. The difference between Wichita Falls and San Antonio in coverage estimates was statistically significant, Wald χ2 (1) = 11.64, p value = 0.001, and the difference between Corpus
Christi and San Antonio in nest coverage estimates was not statistically significant, Wald χ2 (1) =
2.52, p value = 0.11. These results show that the nest coverage is higher in San Antonio and
Corpus Christi in relationship to Wichita Falls and more so in relationship to the reference city,
Lubbock, Texas.
105
T able 4.6: Univariate and Multivariate Multi-Level Negative Binomial Regression
Predicting Nest Coverage.
Unadjusted Models Covariate IRR S.E. p-value 95% CI City (reference = Lubbock) Wichita Falls 3.72 0.92 <0.001 2.29 - 6.05 Corpus Christi 5.12 1.23 <0.001 3.2 - 8.19 San Antonio 6.62 1.57 <0.001 4.17 - 10.53 Transect (reference = 0 degrees) 45 0.8 0.19 0.35 0.49 - 1.29 90 1.06 0.25 0.79 0.67 - 1.69 135 0.91 0.22 0.7 0.56 - 1.47 180 1.21 0.28 0.42 0.76 - 1.92 225 1.35 0.31 0.19 0.86 - 2.12 270 0.92 0.22 0.73 0.58 - 1.46 315 0.93 0.22 0.77 0.59 - 1.48 Distance from Building (Meters) 0.98 0.01 <0.01 0.97 - 0.99 Total Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M² 1.14 0.04 <0.001 1.07 - 1.21 Adjusted Models IRR S.E. p 95% CI City (reference = Lubbock) Wichita Falls 3.24 0.82 <0.001 1.97 - 5.33 Corpus Christi 4.53 1.12 <0.001 2.79 - 7.36 San Antonio 5.98 1.45 <0.001 3.72 - 9.62 Transect (reference = 0 degrees) 45 0.78 0.19 0.31 0.49 - 1.26 90 0.97 0.23 0.91 0.62 - 1.54 135 0.81 0.2 0.39 0.5 - 1.3 180 1.06 0.25 0.8 0.67 - 1.67 225 1.1 0.25 0.67 0.71 - 1.72 270 0.89 0.21 0.62 0.57 - 1.4 315 0.96 0.22 0.86 0.61 - 1.51 Distance from Building (Meters) 0.98 0.01 <0.01 0.97 - 1.0 Total Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M² 1.12 0.04 <0.001 1.05 - 1.19 Note: IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval. Bolded values are statically significant, p< 0.05
106 4.4 Univariate Exploratory Analyses
An association between nest count per plot and many unadjusted exploratory covariates
was examined (Table 4.7). Daily temperatures were positively associated with nest counts
(number of nests in a given plot) with an average maximum, IRR = 1.18, p value < 0.001,
minimum, IRR = 1.09, p value < 0.001, and mean, IRR = 1.12, p value < 0.001. Annual precipitation also showed a positive association with number of nests observed in the plots, IRR
= 1.13, p value < 0.001, as were morning relative humidity, IRR =1.10, p value < 0.001 and
evening relative humidity, IRR = 1.07, p value < 0.001. This indicates that the higher the
moisture levels, the greater number of nests. Clear and partly cloudy days were not associated
with number of nests; however, the average number of cloudy days was univariately negatively
associated with number of nests observed, IRR = .98, p value < 0.01. Morning solar radiation (in
units of 1000 MJ/m2), IRR = 1.29, p value < 0.001 and afternoon solar radiation, IRR = 1.24, p
value < 0.05, were both positively associated with number of nests observed per plot. Increases
in solar radiation are related to higher nest counts.
The patterns of results were similar between univariate covariate associations noted in
models that predicted the number of nests and the univariate models that predicted nest coverage.
This was probably the case since there is a strong correlation between number of nests observed
and nest coverage per plot (Spearman r (656)) = .95, p value < 0.001.
In terms of univariate covariates (Table 4.7) associated with nest coverage, daily
temperatures were all positively associated with coverage (Average Maximum IRR = 1.19, p
value < 0.001, minimum IRR = 1.09, p value < 0.001, and mean, IRR = 1.12. p value < 0.001).
The annual precipitation was also positively associated with nest coverage, IRR = 1.14, p value <
107 0.001, as were morning relative humidity, IRR = 1.09, p value < 0.001, and evening relative
humidity, IRR = 1.07, p value < 0.001. Higher nest coverage result when there are higher temperatures and increased precipitation. Both clear days and partly cloudy days showed no association with nest coverage. However, the average number of cloudy days were univariately and negatively associated with nest coverage, IRR = 0.98, p value < 0.001. Morning solar radiation, IRR = 1.40, p value < 0.001, and afternoon solar radiation, IRR = 1.33, p value < 0.01, were both positively associated with nest coverage.
108 Table 4.7: Exploratory Unadjusted Multi-Level Negative -Binomial Regressions Predicting Number of Nests Number of Nests p- Fixed Effects Covariate IRR S.E. value 95%CI Average Maximum Daily Temperature (F) 1.18 0.05 <0.001 1.09 - 1.27 Average Minimum Daily Temperature (F) 1.09 0.02 <0.001 1.04 - 1.13 Mean Daily Temperature (F) 1.12 0.03 <0.001 1.06 - 1.18 Annual Precipitation (Inches) 1.13 0.02 <0.001 1.08 - 1.17 AM Relative Humidity 1.1 0.03 <0.001 1.05 - 1.15 PM Relative Humidity 1.07 0.02 <0.001 1.03 - 1.12 Clear Days-Average Annual Number 1 0.01 0.49 0.99 - 1.02 Partly Cloudy Days-Average Annual Number 1.01 0.01 0.36 0.99 - 1.03 Cloudy Days-Average Annual Number 0.98 0.01 <0.01 0.96 - 1 Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M² Morning 1.29 0.1 <0.001 1.12 - 1.49 Afternoon 1.24 0.12 <0.05 1.03 - 1.5 Note: IRR=Incidence Rate Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval; For readability, Bolded values are statistically significant, p<.05.
109 Table 4.8:
Exploratory Unadjusted Multi-Level Negative-Binomial Regressions Predicting Nest Coverage
Nest Coverage
p-
Fixed Effects Covariate IRR S.E. value 95%CI
Average Maximum Daily Temperature (F) 1.19 0.03 <0.001 1.14 - 1.24
Average Minimum Daily Temperature (F) 1.09 0.01 <0.001 1.06 - 1.11
Mean Daily Temperature (F) 1.12 0.02 <0.001 1.09 - 1.15
Annual Precipitation (Inches) 1.14 0.02 <0.001 1.10 - 1.17
AM Relative Humidity 1.09 0.01 <0.001 1.06 - 1.12
PM Relative Humidity 1.07 0.01 <0.001 1.05 - 1.09
Clear Days-Average Annual Number 1.01 0.00 0.07 1.00 - 1.01
Partly Cloudy Days-Average Annual Number 1.01 0.01 0.19 1.00 - 1.02
Cloudy Days-Average
Annual Number 0.98 0.01 <0.001 0.97 - 0.99
Solar Radiation in 1000 MJ/M²
Morning 1.40 0.11 <0.001 1.20 - 1.63
Afternoon 1.33 0.13 <0.01 1.10 - 1.61
Note: IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; For readability, Bolded values are statistically significant, p < .05
110 Chapter 5
Conclusion
Solenopsis invicta is found in various parts of the world. In the United States, they are
located primarily in the southeastern regions; however, they can be found as far west as Texas
(Vander Meer et al. 1990, Mackay & Fagerlund 1997), New Mexico, and California (California
Department of Food & Agriculture 2011, Jetter et al. 2002). Fire ants are most commonly found
in anthropogenically disturbed areas (Taber 2000) where there is sufficient moisture available for
their survival (Jetter et al. 2002). Sites used in this study were generally at parks, where regular
human activities and artificial watering occurs. Lubbock, Texas was used as a reference category
since the weather there was strikingly different from the other research sites (Wichita Falls, San
Antonio, and Corpus Christi, Texas). With the exception of Lubbock, Texas, the other cities
showed that they have similar predicted numbers of nests. The three cities, Wichita Falls, San
Antonio, and Corpus Christi were all located on the same precipitation isocline. Wichita Falls
has the least nest coverage as well as more sporadic rainfall compared to San Antonio and
Corpus Christi. It has been found that annual precipitation is an important factor for the presence
of fire ants. Different studies have found that temperature and precipitation or moisture levels
tend to be limiting factors (Taber 2000). In South Carolina, fire ants preferred freshwater
marshes, longleaf pine, and cleared land habitats (Allen et al. 2006). Soil moisture has also been
found to be an important limiting factor in the presence of S. invicta colonies (Hung & Vinson
1978). Allen et al. (1974) found that colonies of fire ants were restricted to moist or protected
areas in Brazil.
111 In a study reviewing dynamic thermal structure of fire ant mounds, Vogt et al. (2008) found that ambient temperatures could be used to predict the surface temperature of fire ant mounds. His study found that mound temperature increased up to 15% compared to surrounding areas. In 1992, Thorvilson et al. found that in Lubbock during winter, the survival of fire ant colonies was dependent on their mound placement. Colonies with mounds near south facing structures (curbs or buildings) had a higher survival rate compared to colonies in the open.
My research shows that number of nests and nest coverage per plot are strongly correlated; therefore, results are similar for the two dependent variables. The data also indicate that the variances were larger than the mean in both variables (number and coverage of nests), indicating that there is a clumped distribution of nests, or a binomial distribution.
Reviewing the data for the cities, a higher nest count is found in Wichita Falls, Corpus
Christi, and San Antonio, Texas compared to the number of nests present in Lubbock. Looking at the power of rate estimates between the three cities, Wichita Falls, San Antonio, and Corpus
Christi; the rate estimates between Wichita Falls and Corpus Christi, are statistically significant
(Wald χ2 (1) = 0.61, p value= 0.43. The rate estimate between Wichita Falls and San Antonio as
well as that of Corpus Christi were not statistically significant. When compared to Lubbock, all
three cities have similar predicted rates.
The difference between Wichita Falls and San Antonio in terms of coverage is
statistically significant (Wald χ2 (1) = 11.64, p value =0.001). This means that the nest coverage
(larger nests) is higher in San Antonio and Corpus Christi than in Wichita Falls and even more so than Lubbock. This makes sense as both Wichita Falls and Lubbock are further north.
Although, Wichita Falls receives approximately the same precipitation as Corpus Christi and San 112 Antonio, it receives it more sporadically. Wichita Falls, Corpus Christi, and San Antonio all have higher levels of nest coverage when compared to the control, Lubbock, Texas, indicating that precipitation is a factor for the presence of the red imported fire ant.
Weather parameters were also used to ascertain if there was an impact on the two dependent variables. There is a positive correlation for number of nests and nest coverage with annual precipitation and both morning and afternoon relative humidity. In addition, a negative association was found with average number of cloudy days demonstrating the importance of solar radiation. Daily temperatures (average maximum, minimum and mean) are also positively correlated with the presence of fire ants.
Transect direction was not an important predictor for the presence of fire ant colonies, however, distance from building, showed a 2% decrease per meter in nest coverage. However, distance from the building has only a small statistical significant effect on nest coverage but not number of nests observed.
Solar radiation values were determined for different seasons and times of the day in order to evaluate their relationship with number and nest size of Solenopsis invicta. It was discovered that there is a positive association with morning and afternoon solar radiation in both number of nests and nest size. As indicated in adjusted and unadjusted models total solar radiation was a good predictor of number of nests. With each increase of 1000MJ/M2, there was a 10% increase of fire ant nests for both variables. There is a relationship between some solar radiation values and the presence of Solenopsis invicta both in number of nests and nest size. Relative to location,
San Antonio, Texas and Corpus Christi, Texas have the most influence on growth of individual nests. Both of these cities receive precipitation more consistently than Wichita Falls, although 113 they are located on the same precipitation isocline, therefore, the time of precipitation is an important factor. Relative humidity is also an important factor in increased number of nests and nest size. The data also suggest that fire ant populations have a clumped pattern.
There is a strong association between number of nests and time of day of lowest radiation, indicating that the time of day of lowest radiation is an important factor in number of nests found in a plot.
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123 Appendix
124
125 Fall 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 1142.0 1183.7 1130. 963.12 969.7 908.04 1111.2 1184.8 1181.4 1072.0 1052.4 632.14 909.74 1071.4 821.10 1066.9 1092.8 1161.7 1076.4 794.98 224.773 SumSol 233.3812 225.1758 187.1991 47.27033 185.8302 182.8698 219.7037 234.6158 47.27033 47.27033 234.4849 206.4115 47.27033 212.1874 133.2977 47.27033 47.27033 47.27033 175.6477 236.1241 161.0004 209.4057 220.5899 47.27033 230.0332 222.8333 157.4331 2264.37 2339.86 Spring 2342.758 2237.533 1907.006 472.9786 1902.361 1821.439 2203.059 2342.437 472.9786 472.9786 2135.897 2088.208 472.9786 1250.464 472.9786 472.9786 472.9786 1791.792 2156.985 1636.272 2099.699 2156.298 472.9786 2296.203 2097.767 1580.695 0 538.721 184.825 WinterF 516.2447 556.6032 564.0478 556.9947 535.6153 569.3249 444.9841 557.6867 550.4422 556.8294 567.9329 568.4933 563.9253 404.7147 567.8784 566.2232 567.3568 559.1457 558.0764 567.3117 562.5698 560.6399 558.5989 557.9953 553.7008 0 349 353 356 355 306 355 355 351 306 306 306 355 306 353 306 306 306 306 306 356 306 306 306 306 357 352 354 minDt 0 minD 15464.2 13215.4 16042.6 16069.3 15954.5 15557.58 14878.54 16164.17 16430.17 4361.783 16510.34 13075.85 14009.08 4361.783 4361.783 16430.17 14413.69 11395.47 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 14572.56 15704.17 8292.864 4157.228 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 164 156 172 163 168 158 170 173 168 174 173 168 172 mdayt 33233 mday 39130.9 35672.3 33309.6 33309.6 34955.7 37823.97 38923.87 37675.97 32644.67 32792.81 32307.26 36697.74 33012.12 31361.98 34870.09 39095.17 33391.07 33151.53 33391.07 33012.12 39381.94 33151.53 36767.38 33391.07 38364.06 37143.18 32930.65 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
max 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.230656 1.230656 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Center Texas ubbock, Guadalupe Community
126
Sp 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 tNstCv
a Coverage, Number, Nest Center y W 101 101 101 101 101 North 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 Cloud
Radiatio y Center Total & Morning
127 W 101 101 101 101 101 North 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 33 35 50.02 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 Cloud
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Radiatio y Center Total & Morning Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PltNstCv 6.448119 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 o
an Coverage, Nest Number, Building lopment
128 West 101 52 2101 52 2 101 52 2 101 52 2 101 52 2 101 52 2 101 52 2 101 52 2 North 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 33 34 54.59 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114
PtCloud 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r
Radiatio Total & Morning Building lopment
WinterF 467.922 548.818 398.539 490.175 138.594 365.894 487.862 460.923 0 1 306 356 306 306 306 306 minDt 0 minD 4361.783 15736.58 4361.783 4361.783 10165.25 4361.783 4361.783 96 96 96 96 96 164 170 169
mdayt 3 4 4 1 7 7 9 3
& Se Maximim, Afternoon, Building lopment
129 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MinTem 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 MaxTemp 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 PltNstCv 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstNo BldgSite RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil RosWil
City L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Elementary Wilson Roscoe Texas Lubbock,
130 tot 850 1046 9215 1043 7278.0 9186.2 9903.8 8627.4 7332.3 10282 10325 10083 9595.4 10108 4586.0 9079.0 10081 3886.1 1455.6 10358 9806.8 10530 10481 10474 10422 10460 10541 9292.6 9947.7 10162 0 8 8 8 0 8 0 0 8 8 0 8 16 16 24 16 24 16 24 24 16 24 32 16 24 32 40 16 24 32 MAway 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 90 135 135 135 135 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 270 270 315 315 315 315 Direct West 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 101 52 38.9 North 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 33 34 16.69 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 PtCloud 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 CloudClr 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 RH_PM 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73
RH_AM
Radiation Total Morning & Elementary Texas Roscoe Wilson Lubbock,
131 Fall 239.0 239.0 1088 239.0 1150.3 1176.7 1175.7 1175.7 1191.3 1179. 1181.6 1179. 1162.6 1188.2 1195. 1195.2 1195.3 1195.2 1191.3 1191. 1194.0 1195.3 1194.6 1192. 1161.8 1184.9 1068.9 1166.8 1169.7 1195.3 231.962 231.962 235.583 236.042 SumSol 227.0557 233.1536 233.0036 235.0934 233.1481 233.0036 229.7523 47.27033 47.27033 236.3438 236.3438 216.3334 236.3438 236.3438 235.7243 235.2525 236.3516 236.2045 235.6465 229.6051 234.6158 47.27033 210.4287 229.4331 231.1369 236.3516 2334.79 2334.88 2161.79 Spring 2272.633 2327.801 2327.853 2358.805 2333.973 2335.083 2308.528 2350.153 472.9786 472.9786 2364.181 2364.802 2364.859 2364.809 2356.535 2356.971 2362.949 2364.893 2363.695 2359.283 2303.935 2343.568 472.9786 2109.841 2297.833 2311.117 2364.893 0 0 0 0 372.578 259.743 WinterF 517.4938 398.1007 275.8642 148.1107 544.9265 539.0635 538.3003 564.1098 539.7929 320.6991 569.8466 416.3805 398.3547 559.8822 567.9988 565.6202 556.2384 547.6575 560.5507 550.8717 502.3806 495.9024 446.0851 224.8697 0 0 0 0 350 348 345 359 353 352 353 353 353 356 306 306 362 362 306 306 354 352 360 350 362 355 306 356 360 349 minDt 0 0 0 0 minD 15449.6 16235.7 13043.2 14621.48 10391.73 7075.203 3419.138 15600.64 15442.16 15235.45 16303.18 15059.49 8223.295 4361.783 13783.34 11442.66 16162.75 14149.18 6516.942 6702.548 15780.42 16241.43 15735.56 4361.783 11943.88 4837.653 96 96 170 170 167 160 168 167 168 167 166 168 169 169 169 163 169 169 168 168 169 169 169 169 166 168 164 173 168 169 mdayt mday 38886.7 22603.5 39130.9 37852.27 38872.99 38693.09 38748.75 39291.45 38877.08 38877.08 38345.98 39216.54 7883.306 39414.16 39414.16 36138.07 39414.16 39414.16 39319.28 39233.64 39389.17 39416.53 39389.17 39296.89 38317.41 33013.69 35122.73 38309.78 38551.74 39416.53 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
max 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 0.262216 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Elementary Wilson Roscoe Texas Lubbock,
132
Fa 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstCv 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PltNstNo
Temp and Coverage, Number, Nest Science Agricultural ech
Dir West 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 101 52 34.0 North 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 33 34 59.13 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 PtCloud 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
CloudClr
133 Radiation Science Agricultural Total ech & Morning
Spr 472. 472. 159 472. 472. 1853 472. 472. 2364 472. 472. 472. 771. 0 0 0 0 WinterF 521.7088 528.1844 532.1649 521.5666 447.0919 437.4438 423.3872 347.2428 184.8322 0 0 0 0 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 356 minDt 0 0 0 0 minD 4361.783 4361.783 15169.99 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 4054.247 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 128 169 169 100 mdayt
mday 21410.4 32972.19 32043.11 32329.09 32329.09 31981.78 31083.25 31823.72 24759.33 39416.53 7883.306 31520.05 14787.14
R Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Science Agricultural ech
134
M 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 PltNstCv 12.56637 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PltNstNo d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d Site
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Hall Holden Tech exas
135 0 0 45 45 90 90 45 45 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 270 270 Direct West 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 101 52 23.9 North 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 33 35 09.72 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 PtCloud 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
CloudClr 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 PM
Radiation Total Hall xas Tech & Morning Holden
136 2242.17 2284.65 2299.76 Spring 2353.389 1646.146 472.9786 472.9786 472.9786 472.9786 2348.628 1307.306 2040.416 2278.285 2342.442 472.9786 2363.889 2364.299 0 0 WinterF 114.6326 407.4048 464.3521 441.1399 372.0404 427.0705 563.0821 560.5117 569.0392 560.5675 562.3544 567.9085 460.4401 432.9245 458.2235 0 0 0 306 306 306 306 306 354 355 355 359 355 355 306 350 351 minDt 0 0 0 minD 4361.783 4361.783 12090.39 4361.783 4361.783 16416.77 16134.37 16510.34 16172.93 16134.37 16430.17 4361.783 12150.68 13450.53 96 96 96 96 96 96 174 166 156 171 168 184 171 170 165 168 169 mdayt mday 39285.69 37490.69 27659.06 27233.81 33013.69 38354.23 25099.97 28181.17 39216.54 33151.53 34295.05 37956.73 38290.14 39074.12 33490.69 39381.94 39411.27 58.5 58.5 58.5 96.5 96.5 58.5 96.5 96.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 96.5 58.5 58.5 me
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Hall Holden Tech exas
137 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MinTem 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 MaxTemp 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 0.19635 PltNstCv 1.570796 3.141593 3.141593 0.070686 1.570796 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 PltNstNo BldgSite McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec McKElec
City L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Building Electric Park McKenzie Texas Lubbock,
138 tot 1019 9083.1 9757.6 10494 9763.9 4798.9 4833.1 10242 9315.8 10484 10210 10110 9872.4 10422 8457.0 10431 10431 10360 9774.5 10482 10357 10498 10123 10562 10628 9930.5 10522 10493 0 8 0 0 8 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 16 16 24 16 24 16 16 24 16 24 16 24 MAway 0 0 0 90 45 45 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 180 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 315 315 315 315 Direct West 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 101 50 10.7 North 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 33 34 34.43 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 PtCloud 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 CloudClr 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 RH_PM 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73
RH_AM
Radiation Total & Morning Park Electric Building Texas Lubbock, McKenzie
139 Fa 116 239 239 1189 1168 1188 1177 1187 1183 1187 1190 1030 1116 1127 1144 1113 1191 1149 1179 1150 1189 1190 1188 1194 1172 1182 1175 224.773 226.152 SumSol 234.6885 230.7299 230.9892 234.6885 233.1481 234.6885 234.2574 234.4461 235.7301 202.0146 47.27033 47.27033 219.3317 220.7864 235.7301 227.0557 233.0915 228.5557 235.2525 235.2525 234.9463 236.1657 231.9583 233.1536 233.2267 2199.75 2330.02 Spring 2351.447 2308.862 2306.487 2350.349 2329.163 2350.205 2343.738 2347.051 2355.641 2035.464 472.9786 472.9786 2203.346 2236.424 2260.194 2356.211 2271.341 2332.149 2278.386 2352.155 2354.367 2351.277 2363.532 2319.494 2334.662 0 572.807 528.269 555.682 558.062 564.258 568.391 555.628 WinterF 172.7917 570.6755 342.5758 432.5152 552.8096 567.7012 556.2336 566.7634 562.4386 567.1288 565.3809 566.7263 565.2543 437.9853 547.7333 557.3594 563.0731 357.5588 561.9759 0 352 356 356 363 357 343 356 306 356 359 306 306 355 358 355 355 351 356 356 306 349 354 357 354 352 356 minDt 0 16129 minD 9372.05 16042.6 16385.5 15954.5 3671.192 16554.86 16554.86 15147.96 12376.99 9462.673 16065.75 4361.783 4361.783 16262.62 16279.23 16430.17 16430.17 16138.33 16342.62 16342.62 11631.86 12310.77 16144.35 16301.42 7536.696 96 96 169 169 168 169 171 169 169 170 168 145 172 171 170 165 169 170 175 167 170 168 168 169 168 170 169 mdayt 38558 mday 39136.84 38470.28 39136.84 38878.43 39136.84 39059.66 39089.59 39319.28 33763.64 33269.25 33427.31 36559.07 37469.46 37703.74 36853.16 39318.36 37852.27 38937.66 38121.81 39231.73 39233.64 39188.71 39383.91 38745.68 38872.99 38892.86 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
max 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Building Electric Park McKenzie Texas ubbock,
140 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MinTem 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 MaxTemp 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 306 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.19635 0.19635 0.384845 7.068583 6.283739 0.384845 PltNstCv 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstNo BldgSite McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR McKBR
City L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Bathroom Park McKenzie Texas Lubbock,
141 to 104 101 477 456 9205 7658 1029 4871 4678 4756 8817 7278 9814 9489 9633 9486 1053 9991 6397 8083 6397 9384 4437 4412 8362 9486 8479 9859 7416 7707 1017 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 16 24 16 24 16 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 MAway 0 0 0 0 45 45 45 45 90 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 180 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 315 315 315 315 Direct West 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 101 50 07.03 North 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 33 35 31.0 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 Cloudy 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 PtCloud 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 CloudClr 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 RH_PM 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73
RH_AM
Radiation Total Morning & Bathroom Park Texas ubbock, McKenzie
142 Fall 239.0 239.0 892.3 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 239.0 1133.0 967.49 1081. 1182. 1161.4 1172. 1136.6 1115. 942.52 1103. 1130.7 1007. 828.2 1195.3 1093. 970.54 601.89 971.49 1018.9 913.4 1155.7 1123.3 1048.4 181.858 224.966 224.966 221.629 SumSol 47.27033 47.27033 221.2057 195.6429 216.6013 233.7121 229.4426 232.7597 221.3988 182.2331 220.7864 197.4167 159.4115 236.3516 214.7841 47.27033 47.27033 47.27033 187.1991 120.9813 47.27033 47.27033 189.9013 199.1267 176.2073 227.0557 205.5178 2242.36 1764.89 2316.72 Spring 472.9786 472.9786 1909.922 2149.624 2338.473 2301.107 2243.283 2207.261 1864.387 2183.879 2246.523 1981.872 1627.164 2364.893 2168.267 472.9786 472.9786 472.9786 1918.212 1191.069 472.9786 472.9786 1921.626 1988.341 1806.819 2287.377 2229.597 2053.559 0 553.941 531.371 WinterF 537.0474 508.5194 380.1772 547.8786 555.9079 543.8931 430.0967 562.7243 548.4066 555.1435 426.5223 569.2474 555.5634 555.4702 557.9284 350.9661 466.9704 458.4354 545.4427 548.7123 466.0544 576.6147 191.4746 3.812028 558.1428 551.8445 577.0386 305.9034 0 3 0 306 306 353 306 361 351 306 306 306 306 306 354 306 306 354 306 348 306 306 306 354 306 306 306 356 357 355 306 minDt 0 0 minD 15954.5 8614.08 4361.783 4361.783 14498.11 4361.783 15810.85 15976.94 15148.58 4361.783 4361.783 10849.75 14769.08 12222.78 4361.783 11278.63 10838.09 9566.457 4361.783 4361.783 4361.783 14053.71 4361.783 4361.783 3496.226 16164.17 15889.37 16766.78 6350.796 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 164 173 170 167 166 175 169 169 170 127 165 169 169 168 192 159 167 159 mdayt mday 28891.27 33048.36 37251.46 32608.87 36127.82 39041.93 38317.41 30311.68 38809.22 37508.63 37125.06 31200.95 36853.16 37508.63 33269.25 31602.84 39416.53 35813.94 32408.51 33048.36 33391.07 32408.51 27351.52 32792.81 33269.25 33046.49 33449.83 33269.25 38098.77 36967.67 34783.61 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
max 1.230656 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.230656 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.230656 1.230656 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079
Lubbock, Texas McKenzie Park Bathroom Afternoon, Maximim, & Seasonal Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Bathroom Park McKenzie Texas Lubbock,
143 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 MinTem 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 MaxTemp 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 90 90 45 90 45 90 45 45 90 90 90 90 360 315 135 225 315 270 315 180 135 135 360 67.5 337.5 157.5 337.5 Aspect 5 5 4 3 2 4 2 5 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 9 0 7 7 5 5 6 11 10 2.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 16 12 PltNstCv 4.908739 21.99115 7.068583 10.21018 0.785398 39.63495 3.926991 3.337942 17.42478 15.11891 38.50796 3.141593 3.141593 4 2 3 4 1 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 1 4 3 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 PltNstNo BldgSite ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark
City CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Cole Texas Christi, Corpus
144 tot 10158 4203.5 10278 10366 10359 10616 11201 10789 10238 10628 10454 10671 10116 11006 11038 10869 10671 10841 9868.8 10039 9978.4 10658 10349 10528 10665 10566 10169 8450.4 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 48 40 32 24 16 40 32 24 16 48 40 32 24 16 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 135 135 135 135 135 135 Direct West 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 North 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 RH_PM 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89
RH_AM
Corpus Radiation Texas Christi, Cole Park Total & Morning
145 Fall 1182 1194.3 238.38 1195.7 1194.6 1191.7 1193.7 1173.8 1188.4 1194.7 1195.3 1188.7 1189.8 1195.2 1190. 1189.8 1192.5 1194.0 1192.5 1195.8 1185.7 1195.3 1189.6 1190.4 1191.9 1194.4 1194.1 1188.7 236.241 236.349 SumSol 237.5079 47.15347 237.1725 236.9938 236.4437 235.3936 235.0706 236.2953 235.6774 230.1413 236.9391 236.9565 234.3508 234.2133 235.2582 236.1226 235.2376 235.9537 237.3027 236.3131 236.0749 235.4917 235.7673 236.2289 237.3907 235.1463 471.691 2361.82 2353.92 2366.19 Spring 2363.158 2365.698 2363.679 2358.042 2322.283 2351.518 2352.052 2354.222 2363.781 2365.026 2354.577 2365.033 2359.408 2362.449 2359.333 2341.293 2346.738 2364.883 2354.231 2355.609 2358.455 2363.325 2362.826 2352.264 0 526.196 546.934 WinterF 490.8472 544.7679 524.3517 523.2459 571.0541 587.5422 656.3707 568.2856 536.3234 570.3683 514.1714 447.7186 622.9853 630.3082 603.1769 571.6886 594.2553 459.0069 444.0261 473.0134 561.5928 518.6542 572.5615 522.7635 485.5303 0 355 345 345 355 355 355 352 349 354 355 355 359 355 361 355 351 354 355 359 358 356 353 353 356 354 351 356 minDt 0 minD 3391.72 12596.1 16604.8 13877.89 15023.38 14970.56 16615.13 16438.53 14659.97 17077.44 19219.24 12676.22 15382.21 16578.52 18244.63 18542.31 17582.54 16550.33 17273.26 12953.16 12524.68 13365.25 16139.85 14714.17 15872.49 14773.61 13503.13 96 169 169 169 168 169 168 166 169 169 169 168 169 168 168 168 169 168 170 169 170 169 169 169 169 169 169 169 mdayt 39395 mday 39620.8 39212.4 39270.1 33350.17 39553.53 39525.18 39263.87 39461.91 39304.19 38383.86 39516.79 39403.99 39515.32 39413.33 39081.72 39060.95 39233.44 39383.01 39233.44 39346.37 39575.24 39406.67 39416.53 39367.07 39317.21 39591.72 39213.28 165.5 162.5 153.5 146.5 163.5 158.5 mtime 96.48958 163.5104 157.4896 162.4896 157.4896 163.5104 132.4792 161.4896 163.5104 159.5104 146.4896 151.4896 158.4896 151.4896 166.4792 165.4792 162.4792 157.4792 160.4896 157.4896 165.5104 158.4792
max 1.30035 1.31084 1.290278 1.231157 1.300439 1.300364 1.329072 1.310746 1.310746 1.302956 1.310922 1.297348 1.315247 1.303033 1.320978 1.322028 1.317186 1.311027 1.317186 1.279431 1.299694 1.283303 1.311079 1.301029 1.310763 1.310437 1.310935 1.291793
& Seasonal Radiation Corpus Texas Maximim, Christi, Cole Park Afternoon,
146
80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 MaxTem 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 45 45 90 90 90 90 180 315 135 360 315 180 180 157.5 Aspect 0 7 7 5 6 5 4 0 5 0 6 6 0 4 7 2 12 14 10 11 10 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 12 30 PltNstCv 31.42478 20.56637 1.570796 5.141593 8.835729 32.20132 4.384845 4.908739 0 0 0 6 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 PltNstNo
BldgSite ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark ColePark
continued Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Cole Texas hristi,
147 MAw 315 315 315 315 315 315 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 225 225 225 225 225 225 180 Direct West 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 97 23 31 North 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 27 46 30 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67
RH_PM
continued isti, Radiation Texas Cole Park Total & Morning
148 SumS 236.99 236.3 229.10 226.90 233.69 236.3 236.3 235.14 235.53 235.9 235.3 236.3 235.34 234.27 236.72 233.5 236.9 235.0 235.87 235.39 237.57 2364.89 Spring 2363.679 2364.893 2317.822 2300.851 2350.502 2364.893 2363.484 2352.264 2335.199 2341.293 2355.234 2355.158 2353.158 2355.428 2311.849 2359.001 2351.706 2360.456 2360.693 2363.451 0 491.445 WinterF 527.7543 569.3262 713.1505 697.5189 500.9205 570.4637 571.7146 450.0566 459.1212 565.6296 567.0383 541.5399 433.8522 483.6932 413.8618 505.9225 569.6034 560.1508 361.9369 0 355 355 354 352 364 355 357 354 354 357 355 353 355 356 359 354 354 354 354 355 minDt 0 minD 15151.55 16430.17 21226.47 20439.03 14750.75 16548.55 16550.37 12648.03 13016.79 16416.47 16430.17 15532.27 12259.34 13733.46 11506.24 14453.18 16529.39 16310.55 8874.498 13922.54 169 169 164 160 168 169 169 169 170 170 169 169 169 168 169 170 170 169 169 168 169 mdayt mday 39270.1 39270.1 39620.8 39525.18 39416.53 38218.13 37860.47 38974.68 39416.53 39411.27 39213.28 39276.95 39346.37 39416.53 39070.95 39482.51 38999.51 39515.48 39213.28 39352.34 39257.69 158.5 126.5 121.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 153.5 165.5 mtime 163.5104 143.4896 158.4792 167.4792 166.4792 157.4792 157.4792 148.4896 163.5104 167.4688 165.4896 158.4792 159.4896
& Seasonal continued Radiation isti, Texas Maximim, Cole Park Afternoon,
149
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 45 45 45 90 90 135 270 360 22.5 292.5 Aspect 4 3 7 4 2 5 0 0 3 0 1 2 0 0 7 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstCv 22.77655 12.56637 3.141593 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0
PltNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Tennis
9 9 9 4 4 31 27 27 27 27 22 22 22 13 Direct West 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 97 24 46 North 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 27 45 49 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 M 150 Radiation s Park Total Tennis & Morning
2362. Spring 2224.4 2221.0 2095.0 2354.8 2323.3 2352.4 2360.1 472.52 527.62 2350.3 2363.9 2364.5 2258.8 2336.2 243.772 560.258 WinterF 516.7562 496.7145 470.8067 550.3438 620.5907 554.8065 572.8102 570.4383 483.5618 571.1033 572.4569 572.2785 458.8489 357 345 360 345 358 355 355 354 345 345 355 355 345 345 354 minDt minD 3395.83 3116.58 3398.56 16542.4 14620.11 3133.095 13402.72 15937.64 18220.15 16301.42 14722.98 13567.52 15725.52 14466.28 12892.32 96 96 155 170 176 170 169 168 169 168 168 169 169 165 170 mdayt mday 37049.9 37077.59 33349.28 35785.96 39349.17 38698.22 39058.12 39331.75 39381.94 33458.14 39137.12 39402.64 39411.27 38006.93 39305.71 6 8 5 8 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Park Afternoon, Tennis
151 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 MinTem 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 MaxTemp 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 45 90 90 90 45 90 90 90 135 180 270 270 315 180 67.5 22.5 22.5 67.5 337.5 157.5 Aspect 4 5 2 7 4 3 4 2 0 1 0 0 6 2 4 4 0 4 0 5 3 5 2 1 4 3 2 1.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 6 0 0 38 PltNstCv 12.56637 7.068583 12.56637 3.141593 50.06913 15.70796 12.56637 6.908739 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 3 2 PltNstNo BldgSite OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark OakPark
City CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC CC
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Oak Texas Christi, Corpus
152 tot 3967 3920 9225 8545 4051.7 4272.3 4269.2 4430.6 7296.6 4284.0 9774.7 9737.5 4270.3 7922.6 4235.3 9429. 9993.7 9550. 4051.3 9482.0 8806.2 4148.7 4055.7 9523.9 4256.8 4276.8 4262.3 9719. 8 0 8 0 8 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 315 315 315 315 270 270 270 270 225 225 180 180 135 135 135 135 Direct West 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 97 25 09 North 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 27 48 05 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 RH_PM 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89
RH_AM
Corpus Radiation Texas Christi, Oak Park Total & Morning
153 Fall 239.0 239.02 238.05 239.00 238.95 238.38 238.22 663.00 1000.0 238.95 775.5 1130.9 239.03 1130.3 1062.8 239.04 1132.5 1137.5 1024.2 1122.7 966.49 239.06 238.69 1048.0 238.95 238.8 238.62 1015.4 47.232 47.3632 47.1943 SumSol 47.46547 47.26251 47.25594 47.15347 46.95587 128.5364 194.3099 47.26575 222.6531 47.25283 152.1203 224.2716 210.0773 47.31537 225.2711 225.3865 199.1768 47.47289 220.5899 191.1414 47.38781 47.40608 203.3443 47.25594 198.9423 471.691 472.977 2244.47 472.341 472.152 Spring 472.9361 471.1207 472.8706 472.7821 471.3061 1335.814 472.7836 1966.189 2230.593 472.9305 2237.935 1534.465 2119.077 2238.093 2016.173 472.9526 2220.623 1904.914 473.0053 2058.277 472.7821 472.5203 2004.455 566.957 572.766 569.832 WinterF 515.9659 496.1286 571.7193 413.9798 571.9856 613.2856 616.6498 496.1701 570.0632 575.4847 572.1654 572.0217 562.7146 566.1643 514.9066 573.7618 516.4577 485.1621 568.1928 540.2736 518.4566 455.5318 565.0456 572.6614 504.3373 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 350 345 345 343 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 359 345 345 345 354 minDt 3699.4 minD 3391.72 8908.62 3032.78 3395.83 3016.545 2886.324 3397.734 3396.941 3678.843 14618.62 3398.268 8273.861 3396.097 10186.38 3389.268 3318.948 6431.174 14587.06 13585.17 3016.671 9674.196 9174.699 3179.746 13061.77 3396.941 3394.292 13219.93 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 166 187 175 162 168 173 169 181 mdayt mday 34001.5 37566.8 32501.74 32234.02 33415.16 33533.92 33470.62 34124.46 37431.96 37235.77 33462.92 32868.58 33490.69 33489.28 35170.33 33303.66 37699.84 33526.94 32577.81 37236.15 33235.58 32976.69 32457.03 34247.72 33477.66 33469.62 33290.62 33712.24 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 150.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 165.5 158.5 158.5 156.5 mtime 96.51042 96.48958 96.48958 96.48958 146.4896 96.51042 157.4792 158.5104 160.4896 96.51042 96.48958 158.4896 96.48958 96.48958
max 1.19205 1.178877 1.230588 1.230378 1.231157 1.256315 1.319636 1.311079 1.320978 1.230705 1.311079 1.230632 1.311079 1.310763 1.222922 1.311014 1.296146 1.311079 1.192213 1.311079 1.310437 1.209337 1.194459 1.308033 1.230378 1.230622 1.231077 1.314205
& Seasonal Radiation Corpus Maximim, Texas Christi, Oak Park Afternoon,
154
34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 45 90 180 180 360 270 135 135 270 225 225 315 157.5 157.5 Aspect 5 3 9 5 9 3 1 7 3 5 7 0 7 14 10 Slope 0 0 0 0 12 16 10 6.19635 PltNstCv 10.21018 19.63495 1.327323 10.90874 1.327323 12.52644 2.727323 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 4 2 2 0 0
PltNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest s Library
4 4 4 9 9 13 18 18 22 27 27 3 3 Direct West 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 97 25 51 North 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 27 45 34 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
CloudClr 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
155 Radiation Total & Morning Library
2332.4 2128.8 Spring 2349.50 2319.34 468.803 460.054 2276.03 2365.63 2337.46 2362.38 2322.72 2352.86 2352.25 2308.92 2330.63 0 0 667.764 551.011 WinterF 586.0043 551.8129 676.3577 595.9094 188.7264 645.1507 571.0282 614.7906 222.8422 475.5969 482.6957 0 1 0 357 345 345 354 358 355 359 356 345 346 345 345 minDt 0 0 minD 3377.34 4302.53 17274.4 4679.08 17178.77 19015.23 16532.47 19730.43 17921.59 13039.08 5792.534 8935.179 7221.525 96 96 167 178 164 164 169 167 169 165 171 169 166 169 170 mdayt
mday 38944.74 35172.03 38874.33 33081.39 34145.86 38085.13 39461.47 38711.68 39379.17 38433.55 39062.64 39213.28 38636.08 39239.39 38844.96 5 6 5 5 7 6 5 6 4 8 4 2 5 4 5
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Afternoon, Library
156
Max 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 90 90 90 90 90 180 135 135 315 180 225 180 135 315 180 202.5 157.5 157.5 Aspect 1 4 1 4 5 5 7 9 9 0 2 7 4 2 4 1 3 4 9 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 8.5 PltNstCv 10.21018 38.53274 11.14159 4.908739 7.534292 11.04734 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 3 0 3 1 0 PltNstNo ldgSite niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt niorCt
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Center Senior Texas
157 MA 0 0 0 0 45 45 45 45 90 135 180 180 225 225 270 270 315 315 315 Direct West 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 97 25 52 North 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 27 45 32 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 H_PM
Radiation Texas Center Total Senior & Morning
158 2 2 2 Su 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 46 23 18 23 23 23 1683.94 2360.76 Spring 2344.226 2323.758 2339.589 2337.719 2350.502 2321.055 2349.333 2343.579 2359.949 2354.401 2363.084 471.3185 2352.264 2357.511 2325.139 2364.652 2328.235 0 0 WinterF 626.9365 633.4519 565.5496 552.4314 631.5999 604.7476 563.5738 427.0254 400.6359 605.8623 541.0988 585.6913 331.7057 468.7857 243.0331 567.1874 682.7948 0 0 353 353 353 360 352 353 355 359 360 345 345 345 357 354 350 354 355 minDt 0 0 18554 minD 12155.4 9336.63 20090.6 18365.81 16347.07 15878.45 18409.24 17569.13 16307.75 11495.02 3677.567 10251.95 7479.849 13171.07 4804.148 16398.59 96 96 169 170 168 170 168 167 168 169 168 168 169 169 169 169 169 169 165 mdayt mday 39082.63 38634.65 38809.33 38930.27 38974.68 38785.64 38954.91 38922.99 39239.79 39108.19 39340.65 33997.35 39213.28 33707.28 39331.75 39053.37 39352.34 39412.98 38451.66
146.5 159.5 143.5 153.5 156.5 153.5 158.5 159.5 56.4688 42.4792 58.4896 43.4896 50.4896 50.4896 6.51042 58.4792 66.5208 59.4896 31.4896 mtime
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Center Senior Texas
159
MaxT 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 90 90 45 180 135 270 360 135 270 180 315 180 270 360 22.5 337.5 Aspect 3 0 2 5 0 2 0 5 8 3 6 6 5 7 5 5 12 2.5 3.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.69635 PltNstCv 12.56637 15.14159 7.641593 10.40653 1 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 PltNstNo
BldgSite Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball Baseball
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Baseball Texas ti,
160 MA 0 0 45 45 45 90 90 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 225 225 225 Direct West 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 97 25 54 North 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 27 45 35 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 H_PM
Texas Radiation Baseball Park Total & Morning
161 2 Su 23 23 23 23 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 2364.89 2363.91 2358.41 Spring 2365.876 2364.893 2359.956 2315.426 2364.893 2353.158 2358.455 2342.085 2362.524 2363.208 2344.423 2360.203 2351.714 2338.728 2360.553 2365.775 509.54 WinterF 306.2631 89.28693 569.7537 604.9121 604.3876 572.0339 569.7206 627.9394 568.5631 481.9694 564.8413 560.1926 644.4593 486.6354 675.2699 572.3496 492.4566 381.4077 0 361 354 355 357 354 355 354 354 354 345 356 353 355 345 354 357 354 363 minDt 0 18416 minD 13647.8 16095.4 16632.4 6398.289 16546.72 17645.19 17691.77 16634.19 16510.34 16466.56 16307.78 18927.82 13809.12 13890.29 19971.02 13988.07 10825.35 169 169 169 168 166 169 169 168 169 170 169 169 167 169 169 167 168 169 169 mdayt 38242 mday 39392.4 39590.6 39560.32 39416.53 39416.53 39257.69 39403.99 39416.53 39070.95 39317.21 39312.35 39379.17 38817.11 39413.33 38678.12 39312.67 39550.93 39591.15
164.5 158.5 158.5 153.5 158.5 139.5 136.5 165.5 163.5 30.4792 57.4896 48.4896 60.4896 64.4792 59.5104 59.5104 66.5104 63.5104 57.5104 mtime
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Baseball Texas
162 Min 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 MaxTemp 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 90 90 45 90 360 360 225 315 135 315 135 360 360 315 360 112.5 112.5 Aspect 4 6 8 0 3 3 0 2 5 0 3 2 5 3 0 4 1 5 0 0 5 5 0 8 4 2.5 Slope 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 48 40 34 12 3.6 15.4 4.8875 36.7854 21.5375 PltNstCv 23.27876 64.40265 9.032079 1.767146 7.453429 6.039712 12.14159 49.33794 2.151991 26.86018 4 0 1 4 0 1 0 1 1 3 3 1 2 0 1 2 0 3 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 3 PltNstNo BldgSite HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia HPGarcia
City C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Garcia HP Texas Christi, pus
163 9 1 1 1 97 42 10 10 10 92 10 44 10 10 10 96 10 10 10 10 10 10 97 10 10 10 0 8 0 8 0 0 8 0 8 0 8 24 32 40 40 40 16 24 32 40 16 24 32 40 24 32 MAway 0 0 0 0 0 45 45 45 90 135 225 225 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 270 270 315 315 315 315 Direct West 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 97 26 06 North 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 27 45 21 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 Cloudy 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 PtCloud 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 CloudClr 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 RH_PM 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 H_AM
Radiation pus Texas Garcia Christi, HP Park Total & Morning
164 F 23 23 1 1 1 116 117 118 119 106 114 119 109 119 119 118 115 119 119 119 119 118 118 118 117 117 232.507 SumSol 232.0229 47.27033 233.8472 234.6623 234.9553 209.0479 226.6392 46.85567 235.7695 219.4063 236.1241 237.4376 236.1241 236.4027 234.1598 229.7158 236.1241 236.2112 235.7887 235.9769 233.4227 234.2783 234.9357 235.3449 233.4887 2351.9 2354.63 Spring 2309.909 472.9786 2330.313 2349.845 2105.986 2273.331 470.6316 2360.322 2163.969 2363.375 2362.157 2363.231 2361.351 2340.711 2293.088 2361.997 2356.582 2357.833 2362.197 2343.835 2353.153 2338.667 2327.818 2333.135 570.87 575.612 604.225 WinterF 363.3522 519.4043 575.0588 573.5466 370.2636 567.9939 622.1656 505.9191 461.6621 495.6268 569.0534 549.2747 571.7323 604.6977 463.9415 500.9922 551.6545 610.1738 622.5875 408.2434 564.2956 539.2729 511.9535 360 345 355 354 345 361 345 345 354 345 349 355 345 356 353 355 348 353 354 354 345 360 351 353 354 345 minDt minD 3398.56 14890.7 16691.3 12905.2 11263.7 7922.995 16574.51 9481.669 3746.164 14917.53 13592.27 13069.49 14112.02 8047.192 15842.48 16550.73 17731.25 13072.35 14365.25 15934.39 16546.72 17553.14 18321.69 16187.21 15525.21 12448.63 96 96 170 168 168 169 187 166 165 173 168 169 168 169 167 170 168 169 168 169 169 168 169 169 167 168 mdayt mday 38682.9 39395.9 33490.69 39023.56 39137.12 39176.73 35103.86 37821.22 34180.03 39346.34 36569.27 39381.94 39599.15 39381.94 39428.59 39067.47 38348.38 39381.94 39347.11 39354.31 38923.73 39070.95 39183.61 39243.43 38799.66 38954.08 96.5 159.5 164.5 158.5 158.5 165.5 158.5 160.5 158.5 151.5 158.5 163.5 160.5 158.5 165.5 164.5 mtime 163.4896 163.5104 159.4896 96.48958 158.4896 149.4792 149.4792 148.4896 157.4896 161.4896
1.3169 max 297341 230656 297348 310791 310923 295174 311079 311027 319281 311079 290278 311079 305793 311079 311079 299694 305793 311079 319281 320854 285005 310935 303033 295174 1.26269
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Garcia HP Texas Christi, pus
165
M 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.19635 PltNstCv 24.90431 0.785398 0.785398 19.66549 36.66703 22.77655 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 3 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
PltNstNo
Site
as Residence Number, Nest Coverage, and Temperature
166 0 45 45 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 225 270 270 315 315 Direct West 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. 98 43 58. North 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 29 25 20.0 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
CloudClr 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 PM
as Residence Total & Morning Radiation
167 Spring 2296.57 1925.634 472.9786 472.9786 2364.893 796.0918 2165.343 2191.503 2187.713 2246.196 1408.109 472.9786 472.9786 472.9786 1863.201 2267.648 0 0 558.149 528.921 WinterF 494.5832 549.7676 562.9016 574.0416 559.0111 558.0118 561.2737 518.2056 333.8888 486.8217 574.0424 571.8469 0 0 328 328 328 328 328 351 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 minDt 0 0 minD 16216.9 3682.183 3682.183 8429.753 15442.18 14581.14 11538.52 13028.86 3682.183 3682.183 3682.183 14472.86 16644.39 14967.47 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 150 179 179 186 131 171 166 168 169 mdayt mday 31840.4 29756.26 33013.69 33013.69 35936.14 36820.07 36524.42 37386.33 30993.99 32081.41 32386.54 33269.25 33048.36 38019.09 38364.06 39416.53 96.5 96.5 66.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 96.5 58.5 96.5 96.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 me
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, as Residence
168 M 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 MaxTemp 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 PltNstCv 19.63495 14.13717 3.141593 3.141593 15.11106 9.621128 38.48451 3.926991 29.05973 5.686283 4.908739 3.141593 60.47566 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 4 1 2 3 1 0 2 2 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 3 0 PltNstNo BldgSite CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom CovCom y
Temperature and Coverage, Nest Number, Community Covington ntonio,
169 8 0 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 0 8 0 8 0 8 16 24 16 16 16 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 0 45 45 45 90 45 135 135 180 180 180 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 315 315 315 Direct West 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. 98 25 24. North 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 29 23 55.37 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 CloudClr 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 RH_PM
83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 AM
Radiation Total & Morning Community Covington ntonio,
170 161.1 184.452 SumSol 194.4908 223.4884 47.27033 210.0999 193.0241 140.6311 47.27033 47.27033 222.1966 185.9094 214.1409 47.27033 190.4723 229.8262 224.7104 198.6593 179.8473 47.27033 152.6229 174.2124 47.27033 216.6013 1897.89 1941.25 Spring 1971.862 2226.983 472.9786 2088.687 1924.671 1396.974 1663.391 472.9786 472.9786 2212.701 2068.596 472.9786 1902.631 2297.993 2244.516 1817.738 472.9786 1854.603 1503.573 1806.089 472.9786 2182.685 576.075 576.075 576.075 WinterF 577.1365 577.1365 577.1365 524.4883 560.5326 565.8191 571.8496 475.6872 577.0663 577.0663 577.1365 577.1365 577.0663 577.1365 577.1365 577.1365 572.9402 577.1365 467.2164 557.2458 562.6794 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 349 328 328 minDt 11884 minD 13364.6 15434.9 14086.53 13986.11 3682.183 9061.186 5810.416 9280.362 3682.183 3682.183 9747.795 3682.183 3682.183 12280.57 14994.12 13243.72 12263.95 3682.183 15701.29 3682.183 13093.64 3682.183 9012.304 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 169 164 171 178 169 166 166 mdayt mday 33550.6 33584.97 37265.35 33586.85 35122.73 33586.85 33586.85 33586.85 33267.37 33573.97 37038.06 33584.97 35730.16 32867.57 38322.49 37490.69 33586.85 32141.32 33131.73 33331.29 33586.85 31142.52 33586.85 36139.77 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
1079 1079 0656 1079 1079 1079 1079 0656 0656 1079 1079 1079 0656 1079 1079 1079 1079 1079 0656 1079 1079 1079 0656 1079 ax
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Afternoon, Community Covington ntonio,
171
F 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstCv 1.767146 10.21018 3.926991 16.56637 9.621128 3.141593 7.068583 0 1 0 2 3 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 tNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest (Borne) ence
D West 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 97 50 47.0 North 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 29 50 36.60 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 oudClr
172 Radiation Total & Morning ence (Borne)
Sp 47 15 47 21 23 22 21 20 20 18 47 47 WinterF 162.2574 572.8528 571.8545 562.1597 565.6249 575.5607 570.6698 572.2692 528.9418 554.2632 507.0087 577.1347 347 328 328 328 328 328 328 354 356 328 328 328 minDt minD 2826.992 12149.46 3682.183 8267.194 10165.56 11979.07 16472.92 16615.22 15141.23 14023.79 3682.183 3682.183 96 96 96 96 96 96 163 168 167 166 165 184 mdayt
mday 6771.72 3331.29 3584.97 6167.28 8745.68 8121.81 5803.66 3587.54 4214.35 3584.97 1990.57 3584.97
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, (Borne) ence
173
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 17 14 34.1875 PltNstCv 15.14159 1.767146 1.570796 7.068583 24.71239 19.04591 4.785398 7.068583 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 0 4 0 4 0 2 2 1
PltNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Nest Park Number, odriguez
4 9 13 13 18 18 18 22 22 22 27 27 3 3 Direct West 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39.7 98 36 39.7 98 36 39.7 98 36 39.7 98 36 39.7 98 36 39.7 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39. 98 36 39. North 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 29 24 45.50 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
CloudClr 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
174 Radiation Park Total odriguez & Morning
Spring 2052.17 1891.67 2028.17 2305.92 2363.17 2330.58 2283.74 472.978 2339.60 2358.90 1831.63 2357.40 1583.06 2254.39 2317.62 576.075 576.839 WinterF 275.0945 472.9338 574.9203 575.1604 577.1365 577.1365 577.1365 574.1874 577.1365 577.1365 573.7828 462.5726 261.6187 4 359 344 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 352 328 minDt minD 15889.8 6128.127 13674.09 12419.06 3682.183 3682.183 3682.183 3682.183 10465.61 8300.236 12632.21 11529.43 12525.04 14985.84 5785.538 96 96 96 96 168 168 169 170 166 167 169 168 172 167 159 mdayt
mday 33575.85 33587.54 38745.68 39383.91 38903.08 38345.98 33586.85 39070.16 39354.31 33584.97 39319.28 33331.29 37638.86 38549.08 34162.31 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Park Afternoon, odriguez
175
Fa 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstCv 19.63495 5.725553 28.27433 19.63495 1.570796 15.90431 12.56637 3.141593 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1
PltNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Gill nia
Dir West 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. 98 38 37. North 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 29 24 41.26 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
CloudClr
176 Radiation Gill Total nia & Morning
235 Spr 2009 2222 2364 472. 2360 2363 2354 2357 2349 2295 2328 2257 0 576.072 576.249 WinterF 544.7724 472.4463 505.5958 575.0281 567.6056 575.9301 493.0499 568.4786 482.6165 562.9278 0 328 363 355 328 328 355 355 354 359 352 359 355 minDt 0 minD 13014.14 13500.97 14505.84 3682.183 15483.47 16742.15 16735.45 16725.77 14293.07 16411.35 13750.79 16161.49 96 162 164 169 168 169 170 169 169 168 166 167 165 mdayt
mday 34642.6 36995.6 39130.9 39411.27 33267.37 39316.74 39389.17 39235.11 39296.89 39331.75 38258.96 38693.09 37531.01
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Gill Afternoon, nia
177
328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspect 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 6 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 3.95 8.25 PltNstCv 11.06858 13.21018 0.384845 18.84956 10.21018 3 3 0 1 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 2
PltNstNo te e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Alderete
90 135 135 135 180 180 180 180 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 270 Direct West 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 98 34 17.0 North 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 29 26 32.24 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
CloudClr 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 M 178 Radiation Alderete Park Total & Morning
Spring 2246.665 2333.854 2354.115 2345.481 2358.995 2345.253 2352.974 2359.025 2362.947 2358.894 2353.083 2353.569 2360.737 2363.563 2358.154 2351.717 574.383 WinterF 571.4725 575.8153 575.2994 575.7879 575.9443 573.7436 575.1399 573.1622 574.0613 574.1737 571.2636 536.8173 576.0476 573.6168 574.4918 355 354 354 354 354 355 355 354 355 355 354 355 352 354 355 355 minDt minD 16627.31 16725.77 16696.95 16696.95 16725.77 16735.45 16627.31 16725.77 16627.31 16665.51 16696.95 16627.31 15442.16 16765.26 16665.51 16665.51 167 170 170 169 169 169 170 169 169 169 169 169 169 170 169 169 mdayt mday 37594.23 38908.65 39235.11 39059.66 39331.75 39059.66 39235.11 39326.49 39389.17 39354.31 39200.16 39200.16 39331.75 39409.57 39296.89 39136.84 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 e
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Alderete
179 5 MinTe 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 MaxTemp 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring Spring 0 0 90 45 45 45 45 45 90 90 90 90 45 360 270 315 225 180 180 225 180 315 225 135 225 315 225 67.5 22.5 157.5 Aspect 2 2 3 0 3 5 8 0 4 4 2 2 7 5 2 4 4 7 2 1 1 7 5 1 4 2 5 10 10 4.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 0 6 0 15 20 18.449 0.19635 18.04845 2.898119 14.52201 16.33097 10.12389 5.411393 36.64175 8.969247 20.47168 11.14159 42.21183 4.908739 0.785398 6.157522 5.686283 PltNstCv 0 3 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 4 3 4 4 6 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 PltNstNo BldgSite Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins Rimkins
City SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SA and Temperature Coverage, Number, Nest Park Rimkins Texas an Antonio,
180 tot 1030 981 445 4515 9432 4373 8295 1058 1023 9853 10150 10629 1033 1034 1119 1071 1070 1078 11208 9497 9754 4733 9946 8680 9537 4547 4522 10254 1014 7902. 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 8 8 0 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 16 24 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 45 45 45 315 315 315 315 270 270 270 270 225 225 225 225 180 180 180 180 135 135 135 135 Direct West 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 98 36 52 North 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 29 30 01 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 CloudClr 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 RH_PM 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83
RH_AM
an Antonio, Texas Rimkins Park Total & Morning Radiation
181 114 Fal 1148 118 117 103 1180 238.9 977.5 239.0 1113 1180 1167 1171 1188 1186 1174 1176 1168 1011 1186 238.0 854.9 1091 238.9 1175 238.3 239.0 1052 1169 985.3 235.566 230.982 233.153 SumSol 47.25594 191.0376 47.39131 222.5069 233.2267 231.4091 227.0211 231.8295 235.1603 235.4634 230.3863 230.8417 232.1882 231.7327 201.4385 197.7827 169.2819 234.9556 46.87015 216.9508 224.3204 47.20911 47.15347 47.26575 206.0121 232.3024 191.8716 2036.3 2347.85 471.691 2312.85 Spring 472.7821 1921.578 473.0066 2199.003 2334.196 2312.715 2267.363 2317.844 2351.566 2348.311 2346.671 2323.958 2328.147 2316.046 2315.089 2335.388 470.9155 1994.064 1690.727 2157.553 472.7296 2255.054 2324.569 472.9305 2098.896 1948.506 0 527.061 575.177 573.0891 553.6509 540.3807 168.0395 572.8265 466.2148 497.7831 572.0272 528.6039 531.2358 671.0054 602.8597 675.8244 623.1422 600.2745 510.1085 590.1383 638.5004 377.3722 624.4341 557.0587 572.5495 582.8121 493.3398 559.8358 618.0068 543.6264 WinterF 0 328 354 328 363 354 354 351 353 349 357 355 355 354 355 359 354 328 354 360 328 328 359 328 328 328 328 328 355 328 minDt 0 minD 16575.9 16126.5 14830.3 3680.837 15988.75 3467.428 3176.655 16615.22 15126.58 13176.19 14550.47 16610.71 15176.64 15261.53 19950.27 17582.59 18241.78 17545.48 19971.02 14567.04 11367.79 10671.26 4043.417 3752.063 16332.22 11854.92 3675.485 3682.071 18065.25 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 172 169 169 178 167 168 169 168 165 166 170 169 167 152 169 171 156 169 159 169 mdayt mday 33477.66 33073.43 32998.46 37089.95 38892.86 38589.72 37914.99 38681.76 39233.64 39282.09 39272.69 38433.55 38713.83 38530.62 38486.14 38646.24 33866.05 39176.73 34180.66 33723.83 34237.89 36178.58 33294.76 37513.43 39005.72 33126.46 33489.28 34850.62 38746.34 32587.35 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 162.5 158.5 163.5 158.5 153.5 153.5 136.5 153.5 159.5 162.5 mtime 166.4792 163.4896 157.5208 162.4896 163.5104 135.5208 149.5104 163.5104 159.4896 142.4792 158.4896 163.5104 96.48958 151.5104 163.4896
max 1.30035 1.32836 1.31983 1.230378 1.305655 1.208909 1.279431 1.311079 1.299694 1.297341 1.310724 1.311079 1.300364 1.327673 1.317043 1.317043 1.297348 1.263826 1.315247 1.323461 1.310923 1.237159 1.308033 1.310791 1.290161 1.231157 1.230705 1.318821 1.304302 1.297341
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Rimkins Texas Antonio, an
182
Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 90 90 90 90 90 90 45 180 135 225 135 360 247.5 Aspect 5 2 2 2 0 4 3 3 3 5 1 1 5 4 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 2.54469 0.19635 PltNstCv 4.154756 1.767146 4.154756 3.141593 15.70796 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2
PltNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park llar
Direc West 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 98 34 12 North 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 29 25 28 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
CloudClr
183 Radiation llar Park Total & Morning
471. 2263 2236 Sprin 2037. 472.7 2136. 2126. 472.9 471.3 2053. 2072. 1965. 2128. 1672. WinterF 501.1388 571.7577 573.1838 564.9359 600.5378 585.8842 605.1305 574.0901 569.4611 557.4017 503.7848 568.6391 527.9735 552.1337 352 328 328 328 328 352 361 328 328 354 350 328 328 357 minDt minD 13960.6 13023.88 3680.837 3682.183 3954.761 17030.92 17716.75 16287.24 3675.485 16123.87 14025.68 8353.645 14999.62 15759.31 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 173 170 167 173 171 168 164 mdayt
mday 35200.2 34538.17 33503.16 35669.96 33320.29 33997.35 34156.42 34630.88 33523.03 33235.58 35469.41 33242.47 37822.97 37732.91
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, llar Park Afternoon,
184
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 MaxTe 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 328 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 45 90 45 90 45 90 45 45 90 90 360 270 225 315 180 225 225 135 22.5 157.5 Aspect 2 2 5 4 2 4 3 1 2 0 4 1 1 4 2 3 3 3 5 4 9 Slope 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 5.4 13.3 13.5 13.3 PltNstCv 6.283185 5.285398 9.541593 9.869801 9.469801 9.299114 26.42732 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 2 2 5 PltNstNo
BldgSite Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry Monterry
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Monterry Texas o,
185 MAwa 90 90 90 45 45 315 315 315 270 270 270 270 225 225 225 180 180 180 135 135 135 Direct West 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 98 34 31 North 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 29 26 02 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 Cloudy 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 PtCloud 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 CloudClr 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59
RH_PM
Radiation Park Total Texas o, & Morning Monterry
186 235.2 SumS 234.79 235.78 237.57 233.98 226.08 230.50 204.2 47.135 47.223 231.52 234.25 229.4 235.90 148.3 235.24 231.49 235.27 234.95 233.55 230.42 2327.93 472.364 2322.84 2327.14 Spring 2341.212 2358.564 2363.451 2250.696 2081.412 2308.984 472.5049 2335.007 2286.622 2363.088 1507.627 2310.253 2359.385 2359.353 2354.689 2350.454 2343.974 0 527.634 570.499 563.465 WinterF 549.0429 555.2943 371.3098 527.8663 573.7229 505.9802 582.7719 567.3088 530.9771 514.5242 551.0429 572.8592 605.2546 572.7527 161.8366 604.5395 660.2126 0 354 353 350 328 354 354 355 328 328 328 356 352 328 328 354 328 355 346 350 344 minDt 0 minD 17504.8 15850.08 15907.24 10150.92 14285.91 15152.26 16633.44 3678.241 16529.76 3820.799 15009.64 15254.57 16291.38 11926.55 16873.63 9057.864 16686.38 16698.73 3929.452 19505.03 96 96 96 168 173 169 170 175 170 167 166 169 166 169 168 171 168 170 169 169 166 mdayt mday 39620.8 38943.9 39167.23 39319.56 39011.32 37734.61 31419.06 38431.48 34673.62 32065.28 38636.08 39069.06 38285.93 39340.65 32577.81 39231.95 38592.71 39230.67 39230.08 39176.73 38430.32 162.5 165.5 159.5 158.5 159.5 156.5 151.5 162.5 165.5 151.5 mtime 157.4896 162.4896 162.4896 96.51042 157.4896 96.51042 162.4896 158.4896 159.4896 148.4896 131.4896
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Monterry Texas o,
187
F 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 90 270 225 135 180 135 22.5 Aspect 0 3 0 4 2 0 3 0 5 3 0 5 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 PltNstCv 6.675884 3.141593 25.82573 15.70796 11.14159 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 2 2 0 tNstNo
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Apartment ns
D West 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 98 33 32 North 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 33 51 14 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 oudClr
188 Radiation Total s & Morning Apartment
2 2 Sp 23 23 23 23 18 21 23 46 23 22 0 0 530.321 WinterF 162.4911 549.4816 570.5193 553.0987 403.3066 634.3395 463.0132 562.9371 555.6545 0 0 0 356 355 314 359 359 314 349 354 352 minDt 0 0 minD 3696.54 16235.7 15783.39 16330.57 11981.81 15392.08 11448.16 4551.452 13543.87 16039.83 96 96 169 169 169 170 169 173 167 174 168 167 mdayt
mday 9416.53 9460.11 9416.53 9038.87 9179.97 2930.65 5614.24 9070.16 3990.55 9088.27 8983.89 7227.92
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Afternoon, Apartment ns
189 M 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 MaxTemp 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 45 90 90 90 45 360 135 315 135 180 225 360 270 180 270 157.5 157.5 Aspect 2 2 4 4 5 3 5 0 5 6 5 5 2 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 3 2 5 4 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 11.40133 15.92699 3.141593 28.47068 3.785398 30.62511 1.767146 3.130973 PltNstCv 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 PltNstNo BldgSite Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell Birdwell ty
Texas ta Falls, Birdwell Number, Park Nest Coverage, and Temperature
190 4 4 1 1 4 4 9 4 9 4 7 9 1 1 7 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 8 8 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 MAway 0 0 0 0 45 45 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 225 225 225 225 270 270 270 315 315 315 Direct West 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 98 30 49 North 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 33 54 01 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 RH_PM
80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
_AM
ta Falls, Texas Birdwell Park Total & Morning Radiation
191 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 7 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 46.8529 222.029 SumSol 47.25594 47.41157 225.1665 217.2341 47.40608 47.38781 216.5983 47.27033 207.7117 46.74119 143.9346 211.8213 229.0416 136.5739 209.1991 232.2426 233.1481 47.27033 47.25283 232.3421 47.25594 227.3689 233.6789 472.341 Spring 472.7821 473.2957 2248.067 2166.827 473.0053 2141.643 472.9786 2065.623 469.8445 1443.813 470.6376 2135.281 2241.015 2297.899 1383.322 2108.368 2324.146 2325.128 472.9786 472.7836 2326.498 472.7821 2270.989 2321.815 568.182 WinterF 574.4918 532.6191 548.0473 592.8012 466.6115 540.8317 574.1642 627.6714 599.2471 643.4399 614.9454 541.5623 571.5303 570.1903 568.4595 575.0689 615.6282 572.3929 567.5533 572.0724 614.1235 560.4792 569.4022 527.5587 314 314 314 353 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 355 355 351 314 354 354 355 314 314 314 314 314 354 minDt minD 16524.4 4082.196 3886.374 13959.52 17126.22 3734.281 3874.997 8361.571 4082.606 13040.49 4473.888 4551.452 4412.177 15638.83 16599.84 16547.79 6781.882 16696.95 17969.77 16627.31 4082.606 4082.103 17318.39 4082.196 15134.13 96 96 96 96 96 87 96 96 96 96 96 96 171 173 166 173 158 170 166 151 170 168 167 170 170 mdayt mday 30635.3 32477.6 38886.7 33407.5 33297.82 37533.44 36228.42 31297.97 32770.55 36135.71 33425.44 34823.66 28285.17 34495.11 34150.58 35551.37 37420.05 38461.72 34941.07 38718.98 33071.82 38751.38 33370.25 38076.46 38962.26 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 143.5 162.5 156.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 150.5 158.5 152.5 mtime 159.4896 150.4896 96.48958 96.51042 160.4896 143.4896 96.48958 96.51042 96.51042 160.4896 162.4896 ax 30378 10516 10923 19189 94459 09337 10437 30656 23305 26868 24261 62855 03843 10506 11079 11079 11079 19636 11079 30656 30632 18554 30378 10437 00364
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Birdwell Texas Falls, ta
192 M 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 MaxTemp 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 90 90 90 90 90 45 90 90 270 135 180 180 180 315 157.5 157.5 292.5 Aspect 2 2 4 5 3 6 4 5 2 3 6 7 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 12 1.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PltNstCv 3.141593 11.14159 0.785398 0.785398 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 PltNstNo BldgSite Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy ity
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Lucy Texas Falls, hita
193 1 9 1 1 8 5 9 9 9 4 9 1 9 6 9 4 8 4 1 9 1 1 1 1 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 45 45 45 45 90 90 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 180 225 225 270 270 315 315 315 Direct West 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 98 30 55 North 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 33 55 06 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 RH_PM 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 _AM
Radiation Falls, Texas hita Park Total Lucy & Morning
194 1 1 1 9 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 206.848 194.257 212.603 SumSol 227.0811 191.2612 230.0469 228.7375 178.0585 125.8962 232.1415 216.3228 46.56866 229.5398 211.7524 104.9043 200.8463 47.24512 161.1337 47.27033 231.9494 234.4461 232.2702 231.9494 230.7299 221.6678 2216.45 Spring 2281.168 1932.165 2309.063 2298.867 1796.481 1047.203 2323.746 2159.577 2071.726 465.7523 1970.563 2290.315 2132.869 2111.844 1078.338 1998.664 471.4938 1625.082 472.9786 2321.668 2343.617 2323.928 2322.466 2306.532 572.232 WinterF 527.3286 589.9909 554.7604 640.8976 539.4026 571.7282 535.0138 603.1284 567.4979 619.6693 571.5489 520.9979 505.3251 517.8542 567.0491 435.7475 565.6112 574.9619 565.6125 562.1901 571.0879 523.1917 570.7791 570.3825 351 354 314 354 314 314 314 354 355 314 354 355 348 354 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 352 354 354 minDt minD 4073.68 16604.8 18161.2 15370.8 14817.47 17116.93 13390.44 18837.37 13108.91 11373.06 17595.52 4046.511 16535.76 14899.45 14399.74 11429.86 10099.33 3853.589 4082.606 15602.21 9403.614 16138.76 14989.29 16546.72 16540.76 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 168 169 169 170 169 173 171 170 173 161 170 170 170 170 169 172 mdayt mday 34476.2 37868.35 33795.98 38353.47 38134.85 32772.33 33311.49 38855.71 36064.86 33054.36 34124.46 38263.44 35296.76 35436.59 32399.69 33584.21 32767.35 33490.69 33490.69 38668.25 39089.59 38725.13 38668.25 38470.28 36949.09 96.5 156.5 146.5 153.5 150.5 160.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 159.5 mtime 153.4896 143.4896 161.4896 157.4792 159.4896 160.4896 96.46875 137.4896 165.4896 163.5104 96.52083 157.4896
10506 14832 22028 23305 03033 10763 10923 10437 17043 33989 19636 10507 27371 93963 97348 11079 08329 11079 30656 11079 11079 10746 11079 11079 10791 max
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Lucy Texas Falls, hita
195
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Spring 0 0 90 90 360 360 180 337.5 Aspect 5 4 0 7 3 1 3 0 Slope 0 12 10 6.75
PltNstCv 7.767146 15.14159 17.27876 8.552544 1 2 1 2 4 0 3 1 o
Temperatur and Coverage, Number, Nest ark
West 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 98 30 34 North 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 33 55 03 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93
PtCloud 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
Radiation ark Total & Morning
196 WinterF 171.206 570.820 574.385 406.530 526.270 396.321 615.296 571.294 355 354 314 358 314 314 355 314 minDt minD 4082.48 2412.182 16552.66 4082.606 10936.34 3787.113 17970.46 4082.606 96 96 96 96 164 170 167 162
mdayt 7 6 3 5 2 3 3 8
Radiat Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, ark
197 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 MinTem 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 MaxTemp 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 90 45 360 360 180 225 180 135 360 360 135 360 292.5 157.5 157.5 Aspect 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 3 3 5 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 2 2 0 2 5.5 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 PltNstCv 3.141593 3.141593 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PltNstNo BldgSite Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks Sweeks
City WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF WF
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Weeks South Texas Falls, Witchita
198 tot 9190 9402 1012 9392 9341 4635.3 6150.2 9794.7 9175.9 8974.6 4718.9 10237 4815.6 4668.2 9615.6 4676.4 4723.2 4910.6 10589 10980 10333 9977.9 9573.0 9627.0 10286 10075 10027 4672.9 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 24 16 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 MAway 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 315 315 315 270 270 225 225 225 180 180 180 180 135 135 135 135 Direct West 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 North 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 33 51 28 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 RH_PM 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
RH_AM
Radiation Falls, Texas Weeks Witchita Park South Total & Morning
199 Fall 239.0 1181 239.0 239.17 690.98 1026.1 1171.7 1195.0 1094.4 1192.3 1159.2 1094.6 237.52 238.75 1027.6 239.12 238.64 238.38 1187.9 1189.4 1195.3 967.19 1071.4 1180.9 1150.6 1146.6 1005.2 1145.9 216.78 229.62 228.62 200.252 46.9888 233.927 SumSol 47.34816 141.0462 230.2998 236.2045 47.27033 235.9769 214.3897 46.70288 47.13547 203.8037 47.32497 47.07947 233.3093 235.3392 236.3516 185.5874 211.1182 234.0433 227.5337 200.0378 47.27033 224.9813 472.364 2336.07 2260.19 Spring 473.2092 2319.704 1390.087 2364.115 2028.492 2153.711 2358.707 472.9786 2290.827 2162.097 469.9006 2053.071 473.1271 472.1386 471.6151 2338.769 2350.591 2353.286 2364.893 1907.399 2129.172 2281.793 2274.687 1998.353 472.9786 612.416 613.454 506.424 591.598 WinterF 556.0538 501.8923 539.7288 420.2942 335.8515 414.0463 573.7419 568.4595 544.7516 544.7176 593.8872 570.3228 561.5744 563.8114 571.2414 630.4051 548.6208 519.7182 559.8147 417.1054 535.2651 543.0542 279.3427 565.5268 314 361 314 358 314 314 314 314 355 354 314 314 314 314 314 314 354 354 314 314 360 357 353 314 314 314 355 314 minDt 9495.4 minD 12017.4 18533.8 7428.33 3984.989 4082.606 11671.63 9810.265 8692.943 4082.606 4082.606 15837.47 17855.76 4551.452 4217.494 13095.76 4013.891 4274.078 4345.553 16529.76 14733.63 16081.69 7907.612 15386.73 11981.81 14187.23 6744.952 4082.606 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 169 169 134 173 169 171 154 161 168 168 169 169 163 168 165 172 180 mdayt 33629 mday 33746.1 39008.2 33539.6 32574.96 33271.38 38671.93 39389.17 36133.65 33012.12 39354.31 38278.59 35749.87 33082.68 33427.85 34068.08 33327.94 33855.95 39010.43 39242.99 39416.53 35261.65 39045.28 37978.08 38109.43 33697.49 32377.97 37781.14 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 165.5 158.5 152.5 160.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 162.5 162.5 mtime 161.5104 96.51042 158.4896 157.4896 147.4896 161.4896 153.4896
max 1.220772 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.285005 1.230656 1.311079 1.306923 1.318554 1.274397 1.243555 1.311027 1.223779 1.249297 1.256105 1.310746 1.321565 1.307633 1.311079 1.311079 1.311079 1.303033 1.311079 1.303843 1.314832 1.303843 1.230656
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Falls, Texas Weeks Witchita Park South Afternoon,
200
75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 MaxTem 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 Aspect 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope 0 0 7 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 PltNstCv 7.414159 36.28319 4.311836 4.908739 13.72555 0.785398 0 3 3 0 2 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 PltNstNo
BldgSite Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11 Loop11
Temperature and Coverage, Number, 11 Building Texas alls, Loop
201 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 MAway 0 0 0 45 45 45 90 90 90 135 135 180 225 225 225 270 270 270 315 315 315 315 Direct West 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 98 32 12 North 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 33 56 07 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
RH_PM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M
Radiation Total & Morning alls, Texas11 Building Look
202 235.3 232.60 234.79 235.58 SumSol 234.051 234.316 234.615 236.321 236.041 234.242 235.976 235.252 234.189 234.042 232.995 234.189 232.995 231.378 235.093 234.838 233.148 233.148 2348.02 Spring 2344.138 2344.024 2328.479 2357.653 2347.375 2345.804 2364.599 2362.803 2347.176 2360.053 2352.994 2353.647 2345.007 2337.213 2325.027 2342.575 2331.917 2317.321 2349.846 2333.358 2334.472 0 575.6 438.13 440.071 WinterF 576.0953 575.5478 448.9141 551.3792 574.0075 466.1839 568.5769 568.9119 572.8733 564.7673 564.8674 547.9662 571.3186 559.6698 458.3222 571.5276 565.9665 571.5297 0 0 351 354 354 356 355 351 358 355 354 356 354 353 353 355 359 355 359 355 354 354 minDt 0 minD 15444.7 13149.6 16752.18 16696.95 12683.77 15769.42 16627.31 13237.62 16452.49 16430.17 16615.22 16342.62 16696.95 12824.76 16303.18 12356.88 16592.96 16262.62 16488.83 16265.52 16546.72 161 168 168 169 172 168 169 169 168 169 168 168 167 167 167 167 167 165 168 168 168 168 mdayt mday 38886.7 39173.3 39130.9 39130.9 38886.7 38886.7 39087.31 39084.11 39331.75 39414.16 39354.31 39354.31 39233.64 39291.45 39070.16 39041.93 38874.39 39070.16 38874.39 38632.05 39216.54 39188.71 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime
157.4896 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
& Seasonal Radiation Maximim, Afternoon, alls, Texas11 Building Loop
203
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 MaxTe 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 360 180 225 270 135 225 135 225 180 112.5 112.5 Aspect 2 0 0 0 6 7 6 3 7 2 3 0 0 2 4 6 2 0 0 5 0 Slope 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 18 PltNstCv 20.05033 6.926991 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 PltNstNo
BldgSite BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub BGClub
Temperature and Coverage, Texas Girls Club & lls, Nest Boys Number,
204 MAwa 0 0 0 0 90 90 90 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 315 315 270 135 Direct West 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 98 33 07 North 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 33 51 55 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
RH_PM
lls, Texas Radiation Boy's & Girl's Club Total & Morning
205 235.5 232.3 SumS 235.84 231.52 236.34 232.74 232.94 233.28 235.45 231.56 235.63 234.20 234.05 234.6 234.22 46.548 233.95 206.62 233.7 233.65 233.7 2355.23 2347.14 Spring 2354.693 2355.604 2318.547 2364.186 2344.256 2343.113 2333.734 2332.396 2361.501 2346.237 2339.341 2345.781 2344.972 468.8846 2058.994 2332.406 2335.724 2344.318 2322.914 574.043 WinterF 530.7958 439.1542 505.7564 553.4768 655.9058 641.1254 567.4882 551.7432 596.5457 430.9007 586.9638 570.7778 571.5247 586.1959 579.6831 594.1431 240.3904 563.2828 560.4674 316.2851 0 354 349 352 353 355 356 356 357 356 359 353 354 354 355 356 314 354 355 352 363 minDt minD 15197.6 6252.33 12310.77 14444.16 15912.63 19302.36 18876.07 16404.25 15958.16 17394.01 12220.31 17121.03 16546.72 16513.11 16941.51 17188.74 4641.175 16628.46 16262.62 15853.94 7908.282 96 173 168 166 169 167 168 170 168 168 169 170 168 168 168 169 174 170 168 168 168 mdayt mday 38851.4 39130.9 39353.32 39291.45 38636.08 39414.16 38817.11 38892.97 39269.77 38696.96 39295.16 39049.14 39033.71 39063.17 39022.81 34589.21 34439.62 38979.04 38962.91 38983.89 38745.68 96.5 162.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 139.5 153.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 mtime 142.5104 157.4792 159.5104 142.4792 155.4896 153.4896 151.5104 157.4896 154.4896
& Seasonal Radiation lls, Texas Maximim, Boy's & Girl's Club Afternoon,
206 M 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 MaxTemp 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 Fall 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 45 45 90 45 90 180 315 225 315 360 315 315 67.5 67.5 67.5 337.5 Aspect 7 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 3 5 2 0 4 0 0 5 10 16 15 14 13 12 11 14 10 Slope 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 17 12 PltNstCv 15.93296 10.90874 3.785398 31.35398 12.62113 15.11891 12.06858 9.068583 10.21018 12.17367 1.178097 12.28319 33.63495 6.785398 17.47511 6.578429 2 7 3 2 4 2 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 7 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 5 PltNstNo
BldgSite LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake LynLake
Temperature and Coverage, Number, Nest Park Lake Lynn Texas Falls,
207 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 16 16 16 24 16 24 16 16 16 MAway 0 0 45 45 45 90 90 90 135 135 135 135 180 180 180 180 225 225 225 270 270 270 315 315 315 Direct West 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 98 31 01 North 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 33 56 26 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Cloudy 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 PtCloud 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 CloudClr 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 RH_PM 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 H_AM
Radiation Park Total Lake & Morning ita Falls, Texas Lynn
208 F 1 23 1 117 119 116 115 117 957 112 119 118 116 116 879 117 118 115 114 117 119 119 119 115 118 SumSol 230.6276 234.3699 235.7223 235.7223 231.7901 233.0821 188.6849 222.5666 236.3516 235.2242 230.2998 47.27033 229.1769 177.2184 232.0437 234.4849 232.0892 230.0463 234.6497 236.0837 235.6465 235.8352 229.2663 234.9138 235.8392 2339.82 Spring 2332.009 2298.913 2291.501 2320.131 2357.707 2360.238 1890.831 2220.495 2364.893 2344.893 2310.043 472.9786 2295.412 1744.366 2319.214 2352.498 2296.089 2279.192 2319.501 2357.252 2359.423 2362.189 2292.821 2341.106 447.879 WinterF 434.6699 494.9438 503.7807 548.7161 356.0928 506.3878 478.0531 553.6577 562.0152 513.4339 550.7174 553.4563 606.7405 498.0251 525.3578 561.9957 402.8297 434.8454 395.3243 520.4632 563.3171 417.8119 527.6002 475.4592 354 362 356 355 354 351 354 354 354 354 355 314 314 314 314 314 314 354 355 356 355 350 356 356 357 minDt minD 9696.18 15954.5 14721.5 14845.3 14112.31 14455.37 12133.41 16006.84 14383.88 13653.12 16301.42 15914.87 4082.606 16750.85 13784.55 11196.78 15299.73 10409.23 12150.11 10878.45 16262.62 12150.68 14979.22 12602.79 13298.04 96 96 170 170 168 171 170 168 168 176 169 169 169 167 166 160 170 171 170 169 169 164 170 169 170 mdayt mday 38649.3 39075.38 39316.74 38592.04 39316.74 38860.97 37115.77 31454.39 39416.53 39227.07 38671.93 32930.65 38471.96 32061.46 38720.01 39151.66 38702.44 38351.82 39127.38 39373.51 39296.89 39361.21 38221.71 39172.34 39335.39 96.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 150.5 153.5 158.5 167.5 158.5 158.5 mtime 165.4792 166.4896 167.4583 162.4688 157.4583 164.4583 164.4792 163.5104 167.5313 166.4688 163.5104 156.4583 165.5104 165.5208
1.2794 max 290221 252811 295926 311079 283303 309586 311079 289162 311079 297453 311079 230656 319636 297348 315247 311079 266926 270799 311079 311079 309945 291793 1.25292 1.30035
Radiation Seasonal & Maximim, Afternoon, Park Lake Lynn Texas Falls, chita
209 Audrey Marie Hernando
Environmental Science & Engineering
She received his Master of Science degree in Biology with a minor in Geology in 1999 from the
University of Texas at El Paso working on a project funded by the Department of the Army on
The Effect of Humvees on Soil Compaction. Audrey Marie Hernando earned her Bachelor of
Science degree in Biology in 1997 from the University of Texas at El Paso.
Dr. Hernando has been the recipient of honors and awards including an Environmental
Protection Agency MAI Fellowship. She is also a member of the Golden Key Honor Society and Sigma Xi. Audrey has presented her data at various conferences.
Dr. Hernando’s dissertation, “The Impact of Solar Radiation on the Distribution of the Red
Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hypenoptera: Formicidae) was supervised by Dr. W.
Mackay.
She has been employed as faculty at El Paso Community College since 2005 teaching various biology courses and has been involved in the Teachership Academy I & II.
Permanent address: 7612 Taxco El Paso, Texas 79915 This thesis/dissertation was typed by Audrey M. Hernando.
210