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L CHNOS Årsbok För Idé- Och Lärdomshistoria L CHNOS Årsbok för idé- och lärdomshistoria Annual of the Swedish History of Science Society 2007 I fysikforskningens utkant LYCHNOS Utgiven av Lärdomshistoriska Samfundet med stöd av Vetenskapsrådet Redaktör/Editor Bosse Holmqvist Recensionsredaktörer/Review editors Emma Nygren Mathias Persson Redaktionsråd/Editorial board David Dunér, Karin Johannisson, Thomas Kaiserfeld, Cecilia Rosengren, Sven Widmalm, Per Wisselgren, Hanna Östholm Tidigare redaktörer/Former editors Johan Nordström 1936–1949 Sten Lindroth 1950–1980 Gunnar Eriksson 1980–1990 Karin Johannisson 1990–2000 Sven Widmalm 2000–2006 Redaktionens adress / Edirorial address Avd. för vetenskapshistoria Box 629, 751 26 Uppsala Omslagsbild Kristinebergs koppargruva, Åtvidabergs bergslag, av Elias Martin år 1800. © 2007 Lärdomshistoriska Samfundet och författarna ISBN 978-91-85286-575 ISSN 0076-1648 Production Svensk Bokform, Torna Hällestad 2007 Printed in Latvia by Preses Nams, Riga 2007 2 Staffan Wennerholm Innehåll Uppsatser/ Papers 7 I fysikforskningens utkant Staffan Wennerholm Eva von Bahrs vetenskapliga gemenskaper 1909–1914 Summary: �n���������������������������������������� the Periphery of Physics: Eva von Bahr����������s Scienti������c Net- works 1909–1914 4 Nobelsystemet Ragnar Björk Karolinska Institutet och Nobelpriset i medicin till Hugo Theorell 1955 Summary: ���������������������������������������������������������The Nobel system: The Karolinska Institute, and the Nobel Prize in medicine to Hugo Theorell in 1955 6 Berta Funcke och ”den moderna pessimismen” Tobias Dahlkvist �m pessimismen som dekadenstopos Summary: Berta Funcke and ”modern pessimism”: On the use of pessimism as a decadence topos 8 Friedrich Schiller och estetisk fostran Sten Dahlstedt Summary: ������������������������������������������riedrich Schiller and aesthetic education 95 Nietzsche och revolten mot historien Mats Persson Summary: ����������������������������������������Nietzsche and the revolt against history Tema: ”700-tal” Gästredaktörer: Gunnar Broberg & David Dunér 131 Inledning Gunnar Broberg & David Dunér 133 Språket i universum David Dunér Polhem och alfabetskonsten Summary: The Language in the Universe: Polhem and the art of the alphabet 165 Kemi, paracelsism och mekanisk filosofi Hjalmar Fors Bergskollegium och Uppsala cirka 1680–1770 Summary: Chemistry, paracelsianism and mechanical philosophy: The Swedish Board of Mines and Uppsala c. 1680–1770 199 Den envetna differentieringen Thomas Kaiserfeld Uppfostringskommissionens reformarbete 1724–1778 Summary: The persistent differentiation: The Swedish educational commission�s reformwork 1724–1778 27 Lärdomens, nyttans och förfallets geografi Mathias Persson Johann Beckmanns mentala karta över 1700-talets Sverige Summary: The geography of learning, utility, and decline: Johann Beckmann�s mental map of eighteenth-century Sweden I fysikforskningens utkant 27 Eric Gustaf Lidbeck, nyttan och naturen Cajsa Sjöberg Summary: Eric Gustaf Lidbeck, utility and nature 25 Sjuttonhundratalets vetenskap – vad hände och vad händer? Gunnar Broberg ��������������������������������������������������������Summary: History of science and the Swedish 18th century Miscellanea 275 Ekologins amerikanska historia – rötter i storstad och öken Sverker Sörlin 28 In memoriam Sven-Eric Liedman Avhandlingsrecensioner/ Dissertation reviews 285 Den korrekta avvikelsen Torbjörn Gustafsson Chorell 290 Att färdas under dödens tecken Stefan Jonsson 297 Att vara utom sig inom sig Bengt Kristensson Uggla 0 Befria mannen! Jens Rydström 08 Språk och värld Ola Fransson ”Ett emballage för inälvor och emotioner” Lena Lennerhed 7 Tillbaka till framtiden Kristian Petrov 2 Det villkorade tillståndet David Östlund Recensioner/ Reviews 25 Allmän idé- och lärdomshistoria 7 Kulturhistoria 46 Filosofi och teologi 55 Naturvetenskap Recenserade böcker Beretta, Marco (red.): From Private to Public: Natural Collections and Museums (��������K�������. Elam)Elam) 55 Broberg , Gunnar, Hansson, Jonas & Mansén, Elisabeth (red.): Filosofiska citat: Festskrift till Svante Nordin (T. Dahlkvist) 25 Clark, William: Academic charisma and the origins of the research university (B. Holmqvist) 26 Dienstag, Joshua �oa: Pessimism: Philosophy, ethic, spirit (T. Dahlkvist) 46 4 Staffan Wennerholm Dumschat, Sabine: Ausländische Mediziner im Moskauer Rußland (I.I.M. Maier)r) 356 Eldelin, Emma: De två kulturerna flyttar hemifrån: C.P. Snows begrepp i svensk idédebatt 1959–2005 (T. Kaiserfeld) 327 Gaukroger, Stephen: The emergence of a scientific culture. Science and the shaping of modernity, 1210–1685 (B. Holmqvist) 357 Gillispie, Charles Coulston: Science and polity in France: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic years (T. ���ngsmyr) 360 Korhonen, Kuisma (red.): Tropes for the past: Hayden White and the history/literature debate (T. Gustafsson Chorell) 337 Kragh, Helge, Nielsen, Henry & Kjaergaard Peter C (red.): Dansk Naturvidenskabs Historie (T. ���ngsmyr) 360 Lindberg, Bo: Den antika skevheten: Politiska ord och begrepp i det tidig-moderna Sverige (D. Hallbeck) 329 Lindberg. Bo (red.): Trygghet och äventyr: Om begreppshistoria (O. Agevall) 330 Linnér, Sture: Från Alexander till Augustus: En glanstid i antikens kultur (O. H�gerstrand) 331 Lolck, Maiken: Klima, kold krig og iskerner (K. Espmark) 361 Lundström, Brita: Grundat 1876: Historia och företagsidentitet inom Ericsson (Y. Hasselberg) 363 Lyles, Max: A call for scientific purity: Axel Hägerström’s critique of legal science (T. Mautner) 347 Mårald, Erland & Nordlund, Christer (red.): Topos: Essäer om tänkvärda platser och platsbundna tankar (P. Tistedt) 338 Nordin, Jonas, Certamen equestre : Karl XI:s karusell inför samtid och eftervärld (E. Sellberg) 339 Ollitervo Sakari & Immonen, Kari (red.): Herder, Suomi, Eurooppa (B. Kvist Dahlstedt) 348 Onfray, Michel: La Puissance d’exister: Manifeste hédoniste (E. Mansén) 349 Onfray, Michel: Traité d’athéologie: Physique de la méta- physique (E. Mansén) 349 Pearson, Roger: Voltaire almighty: A life in pursuit of freedom (O. H�gerstrand) 352 Pocock, J. G. A., Barbarism and religion: Barbarians, savages and empires (M. Persson) 333 Rée, Paul: Gesammelte Werke 1875–1885 (T. Dahlkvist) 353 Quarfood, Christine: Positivism med mänskligt ansikte: Montessoripedagogikens idéhistoriska grunder (J-O. Hell- sten) 334 Riksarkivets beståndsöversikt (T. ���ngsmyr) 335 Rosengren, Henrik och Östling, Johan (red.): Med livet som insats: Biografin som vetenskaplig genre (A. Berg) 340 I fysikforskningens utkant 5 Rudwick, Martin J. S.: Bursting the limits of time: The reconstruction of geohistory in the Age of Revolution (��T. �rängsmyr)rängsmyr) 65 Runcis, Maija & Sandin, Bengt: Fågel, fisk eller mittemellan? Utbildningsprogram som kulturellt och politiskt problem (M. Klockar Linder) 5 Seifarth, Soa: Råd i radion: Modernisering, allmänhet och expertis 1939–1968 (M. Björk) 4 Wiklund, Martin: I det modernas landskap: Historisk orientering och kritiska berättelser om det moderna Sverige mellan 1960 och 1990 (M. Björk) 4 Winter, Jay: Remembering war: The Great War between memory and history in the twentieth century (M. Rodell)Rodell) 44 67 Notiser och meddelanden/ Notes and communications 6 Staffan Wennerholm I fysikforskningens utkant Eva von Bahrs vetenskapliga gemenskaper 1909–1914 Staffan Wennerholm ”När jag själv ser tillbaka på mitt liv, förefaller det mig som ett dimmigt landskap. �ör det mesta är dimman så tät att inga konturer skönjas”. Eva von Bahr ”there is order here, very faint, very human”. Michael Ondaatje Utanförskap är ett återkommande tema i skönlitteraturen, men ovanligt i vetenskapshistorisk forskning. Den handlar alltjämt främst om män i vetenskapens centrum som kämpar med materiella, intellektuella och sociala utmaningar. Vetenskapshistoriens väletablerade berättelse kretsar kring styrkemätningar, kamp och enrollering av allierade. Allt handlade tycks vara inriktat mot debatt och övertalning.1 Kanske är det inte förvå- nande: hur många historiska exempel kan man nna på vetenskapsmän som överlagt, och utan direkt tvång, övergett sin karriär och sagt farväl till vetenskapen? Hur ofta har vetenskapsmän valt att inte delta i kampen, att inte undersöka alla tänkbara lösningar, att inte ens pröva det hårda och oglamorösa liv som senare kan förvandlas till framgång? �ysikern Eva von Bahr (1874–1962, gift Bergius) utgör mot bakgrund av detta ett intressant studieobjekt – främst eftersom hennes ”kamp” såg annorlunda ut än många av hennes manliga kollegors. Hon skrev in sig vid Uppsala universitet 1901. År 1907 tog hon sin licentiatexamen och den 14 december 1908 disputerade hon för doktorsgraden på en avhand- ling om ultraröda strålars absorption i gaser.2 �rån januari 1909 började hon tjänstgöra som amanuens vid fysiska institutionen. Hon tilldelades även ett docentstipendium och blev på så sätt Sveriges första kvinnliga docent i fysik.3 Till en början präglades hen- nes arbete av framgång: från 1909 till 1914 var hon knuten till fysiska institutionen i Uppsala. Under 1913 var hon dessutom verksam vid uni- versitetet i Berlin. Trots att hon bedrev vetenskapligt arbete menade hon, i sin opublicerade självbiogra, att hon aldrig hade ambitionen att skapa en akademisk karriär. �m vi ska tro hennes tillbakablickande resonemang – vilket det nns anledning att inte göra helt okritiskt – ville hon aldrig bli forskare, trots att avhandlingsbetyget var högt och kunde ha skapat en karriär om hon varit man.4 I fysikforskningens utkant 7 På vårvintern 1914 började von Bahr avveckla sin vetenskapliga verk- samhet. �rån
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