CHRISTIAN SCIENCE by Mark Twain
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1 Religion and the Courts 1790-1947 Leslie C. Griffin When the Framers
Religion and the Courts 1790-1947 Leslie C. Griffin* When the Framers drafted the United States Constitution in 1787, the only mention of religion was the remarkable text of Article VI, which states “no Religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.” That groundbreaking language marked a shift from prior practice in Europe and the states. At the time of the Constitution’s drafting, most states had religious qualifications for government officials, following the pattern in Britain, where the monarch was required to be a member of the Church of England. In Europe the guiding principle was cuius regio, eius religio: the religion of the people is determined by the religion of the ruler. Many of the Framers, especially James Madison, believed that the new Constitution protected liberty of conscience by creating a government of enumerated and separate powers that gave Congress no authority over religion. During the ratification process, however, constitutional critics demanded greater protection of individuals from the power of the government. In order to secure the Constitution’s ratification, the new Congress drafted a Bill of Rights that protected religious freedom in the following language: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” Upon ratification by the states in 1791, the language about religion became the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.1 The two Religion Clauses of the First Amendment are known as the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. Although Madison suggested that the standard protecting liberty of conscience should apply to state as well as federal governments, the language of the First Amendment—“Congress 1 shall”—applied only to the federal government. -
And Then God Created Kansas--The Evolution/Creationism Debate In
COMMENTS AND THEN GOD CREATED KANSAS? THE EVOLUTION/CREATIONISM DEBATE IN AMERICA'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS MARJORIE GEORGE' "For most Kansans, there really is no conflict between science and religion. Our churches have helped us search for spiritual truth, and our schools have helped us understand the natural world." -Brad Williamson, biology teacher at Olathe East High School in Olathe, Kansas.' INTRODUCTION Kansas has recently become embroiled in a fierce debate over the minds of the state's children, specifically regarding what those children will learn in their public school science classrooms. At first glance, a science curriculum does not seem like a subject of great controversy, but it continues to be one in Kansas and other communities across the country. The controversy hinges specifically on the role evolution should play in science classrooms, but also reflects the broader debate over what role schools should play in students' moral development. Today many parents are worried about sending their children to t BA. 1993, Washington University; J.D. Candidate 2001, University of Pennsylania. Thank you to Sarah Barringer Gordon for her initial advice and editorial comments, and Tracey George for her always helpful comments, as well as her thirty years of encouragement and inspiration. A very special thanks to Jonathan Petty tor alwa)s believing in me and providing unwavering support for my decision to attend law school and of my numerous pursuits during law school. Finally, thank you to all of the Penn Law Review editors for their hard work on this and every article. I Brad Williamson, I Teach, Therefore I IVor7, in Kansas, WASH. -
The Christian Science Hymnal, with Five Hymns Written by Reverend Mary Baker Eddy
The Christian Science hymnal, with five hymns written by Reverend Mary Baker Eddy. Boston, Mass., The Christian Science Publishing Society [1909 i.e. 1910] https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015056375143 Public Domain, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-google We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders, heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HYMNAL Y THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HYMNAL WITH FIVE HYMNS WRITTEN BY REVEREND MARY BAKER EDDY DISCOVERER AND FOUNDER OS CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHEDBY THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING SOCIETY FALMOUTH AND ST. PAUL STREETS BOSTON, U.S.A. Copyright, 1898, 1903, 1905 and 1909 by The Christian Science Board of Directors" BOSTON, MASS. All rights reserved. (Printed in U. S. A.) PREFACE TO THE 1910 EDITION OF THE HYMNAL. In presenting the 19 10 edition of the Hymnal, the Committee does not claim that all the hymns therein are strictly scientific, as the selection had to be made very largely from the writings of authors who were unacquainted with the teachings of Christian Science. -
Spiritual-Treatment Exemptions to Child Neglect Statutes—State V
Spiritual-Treatment Exemptions to Child Neglect Statutes—State v. Crank: Vagueness and Establishment Clause Challenges to Selective Prosecution of Faith-Healing Parents PABLO J. DAVIS* I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................761 II. BACKGROUND AND ISSUES ......................................................764 A. Vagueness .........................................................................764 B. Establishment Clause .......................................................766 C. Elision...............................................................................769 D. Spiritual Treatment Exemptions .......................................772 1. Early Cases ..................................................................772 2. ST Exemptions ............................................................774 3. Oklahoma ....................................................................776 4. Ohio.............................................................................777 5. California ....................................................................778 6. Minnesota ....................................................................779 7. Tennessee ....................................................................780 III. STATE V. CRANK ......................................................................781 A. Background and History...................................................781 B. The Tennessee Supreme Court’s Decision .......................783 IV. ANALYSIS OF DECISION -
The Spirituality of Science Fiction
European Journal of Science and Theology, October 2018, Vol.14, No.5, 15-24 _______________________________________________________________________ THE FINAL SPIRITUAL FRONTIER? THE SPIRITUALITY OF SCIENCE FICTION Armand J. Boehme* Trinity Lutheran Church, 803 Winona St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA (Received 12 August 2017, revised 4 April 2018) Abstract A number of science fiction authors have stated that the genre of science fiction is a form of mystical faith, a spirituality that attempts to understand who human beings are and what they shall become in the future. This essay will set forth an understanding of the spirituality of science fiction. It will include an examination of the beliefs of the Raelians and other science-fiction-based religions, the interplay between Science and science fiction, ethical realities stemming from the displacement of traditional religious ethics by new spiritual and religious beliefs, and the spirituality of encounters with aliens and alien abductions. Science fiction‘s view of God, the new humanity, its view of organized religion, the present and the future will be examined. Christian science fiction from individuals like C.S. Lewis and George MacDonald will also be included in this study. Keywords: science fiction, Raelians, Christian science, C.S. Lewis, G. MacDonald 1. Introduction During the last 100 years, the Western religious world has experienced dramatic change because of the following: the rise of secularization; the lessening of the societal influence of traditional religions especially Christianity; the elevation of Science as the prime repository of truth; the rise of interest in Eastern religions; the New Age movement; the occult; trends towards individual spirituality including those defining themselves as spiritual but not religious; the larger presence of the nones; the dramatic increase of many spiritualities and New Religious Movements (NRMs) including invented religions which are entirely based on science fiction (SF) [1, 2]. -
Notes Edwards V. Aguillard: Creation Science and Evolution
Notes Edwards v. Aguillard: Creation Science and Evolution - The Fall of Balanced Treatment Acts in the Public Schools "It took God only six days to create the universe - it's gonna take the court two weeks to decide if it should be taught."' I. INTRODUCTION Since Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859,2 religious fundamentalists have waged war against the book's evolu- tionary teachings.' Recognizing that the courts will not allow the teaching of evolution to be suppressed,4 fundamentalists no longer 1. Statement by an anonymous observer at the Arkansas creation-evolution trial. D. NELKIN, THE CREATION CONTROVERSY - SCIENCE OR SCRIPTURE IN THE SCHOOLS 137 (1982). 2. The theory of evolution credited to Darwin (1809-1882) is that all forms of advanced life inhabiting the earth originated as lower forms of life, which ascended to their current status in a natural selection. Note, The Constitutional Issues Surrounding the Science-Religion Conflict in Public Schools: The Anti-Evolution Controversy, 10 PEPPERDINE L. REV. 461, 463 (1983). 3. "In 1925, fundamentalists and evolutionists first clashed in court at the crimi- nal trial of John Scopes. Scopes, a Tennessee schoolteacher, was convicted of violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of evolution." Levit, Creationism, Evolution and the First Amendment: The Limits of ConstitutionallyPermissible Scientific Inquiry, 14 J.L. & EDUC. 211, 211 (1985). The law was upheld by the Tennessee Supreme Court. Scopes v. State, 154 Tenn. 105, 289 S.W. 363 (1927). 4. Forty years after the Scopes trial, the United States Supreme Court held that the prohibition of the teaching of evolution violated the first amendment. -
Journal of Religion & Society
ISSN 1522-5668 Journal of Religion & Society The Kripke Center Volume 12 (2010) A Metaphysical Rocket in Gotham The Rise of Christian Science in New York City, 1885-1910 Rolf Swensen, Queens College, City University of New York1 Abstract This article investigates First and Second Churches of Christ, Scientist, New York – the two largest branch (local) congregations of the new indigenous faith Christian Science in the eastern United States. These churches were led by the charismatic Augusta E. Stetson and the more self-effacing Laura Lathrop, who had lively healing practices, taught hundreds of students, and built impressive edifices on Central Park West. After describing the rise of the two competing churches and their leaders, this essay examines several hundred testimonies of healing and the occupations of 1,600 members. This is the first study to scrutinize the internal operations of Christian Science churches and their membership in any large city and as such gives us a hitherto unavailable window into the swift rise and growing pains of a new American religion. Introduction [1] Christian Science appeared on the American scene during the late nineteenth century. Its practice of physical healing by cadres of predominantly newly-empowered women captured 1 The writer is grateful to Judy Huenneke Alan Lester; Seth Kasten; Cathy Gluck; Thomas Bird; the Mary Baker Eddy Collection; the Huntington Library; the Milstein Division, New York Public Library; and the Burke Library, Union Theological Seminary. A fellowship from the Mary Baker Eddy Library for the Betterment of Humanity facilitated research. All sources from the Mary Baker Eddy Collection and The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston, are used courtesy of the Mary Baker Eddy Collection, One Norway Street, Boston, MA 02115. -
Climate Change, Adaptation & Resilience Six Mile Creek and the Restful Mind
CAYUGA LAKE WATERSHED 2013 i3-4 Network It takes a Network to protect a watershed. News Climate change, adaptation & resilience Six Mile Creek and the Restful Mind by Hilary Lambert, Steward n November 8-9 2013, the Cayuga OLake Watershed Network held a two-day conference in the Six Mile Creek watershed, titled “Six Mile Creek, Climate Change, and Us.” The Network’s Steward Hilary Lambert, local leaders, and staffers Ann Baughman and Melanie Welch of Freshwater Future, Inc., presented activities and information about climate resilience and adaptation. Information and introspection: Seeking balance Via indoor and outdoor sessions, presenters worked with attendees to accept the reality of climate change and take steps in developing adaptive and resilient responses for themselves and Call to action: Turn the page to find out what they found along Six Mile Creek, and how you their communities. Based in Petoskey can help! MI, Freshwater Future Inc. provides funding and expertise to Great Lakes afternoon, participants had got a start tasting, and the local Snow Creamery’s Basin watershed groups to solve these on thinking adaptively and resiliently, amazing ‘Snowvolone’ and ‘Fetish’ challenges, and can be reached locally enjoyed themselves, imbibed and eaten cheeses (served on the venerable Etna via Lambert at steward@cayugalake. local food and drink—and confronted a Crackerman’s crackers). Visiting speakers org. Their website is http://www. new, climate change-driven invasive pest Ann and Melanie were presented with freshwaterfuture.org/. Other local co- on the quiet banks of Six Mile Creek. bags of local “fractivist” Gimme! Coffee, sponsors were Sustainable Tompkins Reception featured local food and grains grown in the Six Mile Creek Inc., and the Cayuga Lake Intermunicipal and drink watershed at Cayuga Pure Organics. -
Healing Theologies in Christian Science and Secret Revelation of John: a Critical Conversation in Practical Theology
HEALING THEOLOGIES IN CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND SECRET REVELATION OF JOHN: A CRITICAL CONVERSATION IN PRACTICAL THEOLOGY by SHIRLEY THOMAS PAULSON A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGION School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham June 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Dedicated to my mother, in appreciation for her instilling in me an unwavering love for God and for humanity and generations to come ABSTRACT This thesis asks what might be revealed from a Practical Theology conversation between historical texts and contemporary Christian Science experience about healing theologies and practices. Certain enduring theological ideas (God’s goodness and omnipotence, the deceptiveness and impotence of evil, and a correlation between healing and salvation) explain these Christian healing practices. I investigate such ideas and practices using a Practical Theology methodology that accommodates an epistemological contrast and enables meaningful analysis of the ideas. This ‘critical conversation’ between the Secret Revelation of John, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, and myself as an autoethnographic ‘text,’ draws out comparisons and contrasting ideas of Christian healing. -
Perseverance of the Perpetual Problem Pertaining to Preaching to Public School Pupils & Why It Persists
Tactics, Strategies & Battles—Oh My!: Perseverance of the Perpetual Problem Pertaining to Preaching to Public School Pupils & Why it Persists Casey S. McKay 8 U. MASS. L. REV. 442 ABSTRACT This Comment examines why a seemingly well-settled scientific issue, evolution through natural selection, continues to be the subject of so much legal controversy in public education. By exploiting misconceptions regarding the scientific method, religious special interest groups are able to persuade lawmakers to sneak religion into public school science classrooms across the country. This Comment considers the most recent incarnations of creationism and concludes by analyzing the impact the ongoing legal controversy has had on the American public’s understanding of science. AUTHOR Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Mississippi School of Law, 2014; B.A. Anthropology, Mississippi State University, 2011. The Author would like to thank Professor George Cochran from Ole Miss Law for his support and assistance with this project. 442 2013 Tactics, Strategies & Battles—Oh My 443 I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 444 II. RELIGION IN THE CLASSROOM: CONFLICTS & STRATEGIES ................... 445 A. Evolution Outlawed, Until Epperson’s Big Bang .............................. 446 B. The Creation Spiral: If You Can’t Beat Em’, Join Em’, or, at Least Imitate Em’ .................................................................................... 448 C. Ignorance is Bliss; Critically Analyze -
The First Church of Christ, Scientist
The First Church of Christ, Scientist CHRISTIAN SCIENCE NURSE SCOPE OF SERVICES Christian Science nursing is grounded in the Bible-based theology of Christian Science, which includes Christ Jesus' commandment to love one another (see John 15:12). This practical care is carried out with prayer, wisdom and skill, supporting the patient's decision to rely on Christian Science for healing, which includes treatment by prayer, generally from a Journa/-Iisted Christian Science practitioner. The founder of Christian Science, Mary Baker Eddy, established the authority and standard for the Christian Science nurse in 1908, in the Manual of The Mother Church. (Page 49, Article Vlll, Section 31 ): Christian Science Nurse. SECT 31. A member of The Mother Church who represents himself or herself as a Christian Science nurse shall be one who has a demonstrable knowledge of Christian Science practice, who thoroughly understands the practical wisdom necessary in a sick room, and who can take proper care of the sick. The cards of such persons may be inserted in The Christian Science Journal under rules established by the publishers. Individuals advertising in The Christian Science Journal and The Herald of Christian Science have presented satisfactory evidence that they fulfill the requirements in this By-Law. This Scope of Services is intended to clarify for patients and other interested persons what they may expect when engaging the services of a Christian Science nurse. It touches briefly on the main aspects of, and ethical considerations related to, those services. Continued on the other side THE FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST, 210 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, BOSTON, MA 02115-3195 U.S.A. -
The Communicator, April 1, 1975
the Communicator STUDENT PUBLICATION OF THE BRONX COMMUNITY COLLEGI OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE VOL. XXVII — NO. 11 TUESDAY, APRIL I. 1975 UV SUBSCRIPTION Project To Beame Orders An Increase In Teaching Hours Help Ethnic In New Effort Aimed At Reducing Borrrowing New York City Mayor Abra- as policies of attrition to cut of consolidation, a system which present agreement with the City Awareness ham Beame says City University personnel lists. reduces teaching hours in return ends on August 31, 1975. Most faculty members will have to Observers at BCC expressed for larger classes. observers believe that the num- The Office of Student Ac- teach more hours starting next uncertainty as to the full im- Prof Samuel Ehrenpreis, Pro- ber of teaching hours is a con- tivities and the Inter-Organ- Fall. pact of the mayor's order, noting fessional Staff Congress repre- tractual item and not one tha izational Council have an- The Mayor's mandate is part that the mandate is vague as sentative on campus, said that Mayor can arbitrarily determine* of a new series of economy moves to the exact number of addition- should the increase in hours be "I think the Mayor has thrown nounced plans for a major in police, fire, sanitation and ed- al teaching hours to be assigned. ordered into effect, "we will re- a wrench into the contract talks,** Spring project which is de- ucation services, designed to re- However, if, for example, faculty act as vigorously as is humanly one instructor commented. "This signed to foster a better un- duce the city's short-term bor- members are ordered to teach possible." However, until the is just another effort on the part derstanding of the various rowing and to save $135 million one additional class per semester, Mayor makes a definite state- of the political establishment to ethnic groups on campus.