CHICAGO COMMUNITY CLIMATE ACTION TOOLKIT

CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE WINDY CITY AND THE WORLD

A TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE SCIENCE IN THE CHICAGO REGION

Find this and other climate action tools at Environment Culture and Conservation climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org A Division of Science introDUCTION Research conducted by The Field This booklet provides Chicago Museum from 2008 to 2011 shows that leaders and residents with a basic Chicago residents generally think understanding of climate climate change is real and is an change as it relates to our important issue that needs to be addressed. region, so they can take action informed by scientific, global, and local But… they often don’t understand how it knowledge. relates to their lives or what they can do about it.

WEST RIDGE FOREST GLEN

MILWAUKEE CORRIDOR This booklet is informed by studies conducted by Field Museum anthropologists in PILSEN seven communities BRONZEVILLE throughout Chicago

(see map). The studies NORTH KENWOOD- were commissioned OAKLAND by the Chicago Department of RESEARCH Environment to engage diverse COMMUNITIES SOUTH CHICAGO communities in the Chicago Climate

Action Plan. Visit ROSELAND http://fieldmuseum. org/climateaction to download reports.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 1 introDUCTION This booklet also presents best practices The examples in this booklet also in climate action from the Chicago show the power of building on region, from The Field Museum’s communities’ strengths—such research. They demonstrate the diverse as DIY skills, frugality, conserving water, and creative ways in which and growing food—to implement broad communities are responding to climate action strategies in climate change. locally meaningful ways that will encourage widespread participation.

The Field Museum’s Approach to Climate Action

The Field Museum helps community organizations execute a three-pronged CHICAGO CLIMATE approach to climate CLIMATE ACTION action that links ACTION PLAN PLAN FOR community strengths NATURE with the strategies of the region’s climate COMMUNITY- action plans. The LED CLIMATE resulting projects address both climate ACTION change and other community issues. COMMUNITY STRENGTHS

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 2 key Even if you don’t memorize all 3. Climate change affects different regions takeaway the science, we hope you’ll remember in different ways and is already these key ideas: impacting Chicago. points 4. People everywhere are finding ways 1. The world’s scientists overwhelmingly to live that will stop climate change agree that climate change from getting worse and help is happening and is caused by their communities adapt to the human activities. changes that are inevitable. 2. People in the Chicago region are also 5. “Climate action” will not only address concerned about climate change and climate change, but will make our want to understand more about how it communities better places to relates to Chicago and their live. lives.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 3 What’s the Weather is short–term changes Climate is the average long–term weather difference in the atmosphere: what we experience day– pattern of a specific location: how the to day. atmosphere behaves over many, many between years. WEATHER and CLIMATE?

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 4 WHAT IS Climate change refers to changing Global warming is the rise in the CLIMATE patterns of temperature, precipitation, Earth’s average temperature. CHANGE humidity, wind and ocean circulation, and other variables over long periods of It is caused by an increase in the amount AND WHAT time. of greenhouse gases in the DOES IT atmosphere, which trap heat. HAVE TO Climate change today is caused by DO WITH human activity such as burning fossil fuels, like coal, petroleum, and GLOBAL natural gas. WARMING?

Components Of Climate Change

WIND CIRCULATION GLOBAL OCEAN WARMING CIRCULATION TEMPERATURE = (rise in temperature) CHANGE causes other components of climate to change

HUMIDITY OTHER VARIABLES

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 5 WHAT DOES People sometimes confuse ozone layer.” Since the 1970s, international CLIMATE today’s climate change crisis with the efforts have successfully reduced the amount problems that we faced with the ozone of ozone-depleting aerosols through CHANGE layer in the 1970s. In fact they are related legislation that banned the use of the HAVE TO but different challenges. chemicals that caused the problem. DO WITH Ground-level ozone in the lower OZONE? Ozone in the upper atmosphere blocks atmosphere is a greenhouse gas UV-B radiation emitted by the sun from (GHG), like CO . Burning fossil fuels creates entering our atmosphere. This is important 2 pollutants that become ozone because high levels of UV-B radiation can when they react with heat and sunlight. cause severe skin damage, including skin Ozone is the primary component of smog, cancer. Human-made aerosols depleted and a contributor to climate change. some of this ozone, creating the “hole in the

R ATMOSPH UPPE ERE 90% of ozone is in the GOOD STRATOSPHERE ozone in the stratosphere

(O ) OZONE 3 BAD ATMOS AEROSOL LOWER PHERE ozone in the EMISSIONS 10% of ozone is in the troposphere TROPOSPHERE Ground-level ozone is a GHG and a major FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS component of smog EARTH

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 6 HOW DO Scientists throughout the world happening in the Arctic: loss of ice cover WE KNOW have conducted thousands of studies on and the danger this poses for polar bears. climate change. They also tend to associate climate change CLIMATE with dramatic weather events They overwhelmingly agree that climate CHANGE around the country and the world—including, change is happening and our Earth is IS REAL? for immigrant residents, in their home warming, due mainly to human countries. activities that burn fossil fuels. Residents are also noticing the effects of In Chicago residents generally climate change in Chicago, such as believe that climate change is real in part stronger storms, hotter summers, because of what they know about changes and even acorns falling earlier from trees.

FACT: 97 out of 100 scientists who study climate conclude that climate change today is largely caused by human activity. www.skepticalscience.com

In February 2011, a Chicago blizzard stranded Lake Shore Drive commuters overnight. Global warming increases moisture in our atmosphere, resulting in extreme storms like Photo courtesy of Carrie Porter this one.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 7 HOW DOES We burn fossil fuels when we do GHGs are also produced by many natural HUMAN things like drive, heat our homes, dispose sources such as forests and oceans. This is ACTIVITY of waste, and process food. Burning fossil called the “natural greenhouse effect.” But it fuels produces greenhouse gases is the additional amount of human-produced CAUSE (GHGs), the most significant being carbon GHGs, which produce the “enhanced CLIMATE dioxide (CO2). GHGs trap heat in human greenhouse effect,” CHANGE? the Earth’s atmosphere. that is causing the climate to change too quickly today.

Some solar radiation With more CO2 in our is reflected back into atmosphere, less heat space. is able to escape. SOLAR CO2 HEATING CO2 About half the solar radiation is absorbed GHGs by the Earth’s surface GHGs and warms it.

NATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT ENHANCED HUMAN GHGs absorb infrared (or heat) radiation emitted by GREENHOUSE EFFECT

the Earth, trapping heat in the atmosphere and Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by burning fossil keeping the Earth almost 60°F warmer than it would fuels. CO2 traps additional heat inside the atmosphere, be otherwise. raising the Earth’s temperature above what it would Adapted from the Chicago Climate Action Plan normally be.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 8 HOW DOES People often do not realize that the through commercial and residential retrofits HUMAN major cause of climate change is (tightening up buildings so less energy the use of energy produced by burning leaks out). ACTIVITY in fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural CHICAGO gas). As shown below, energy use makes up CAUSE 61% of greenhouse gas (GHG) CLIMATE This is why many national and local emissions in the Chicago region. CHANGE? initiatives aimed at curbing climate change currently focus on reducing In the city of Chicago, it energy consumption, largely makes up 70%.

2000 GREENHOUSE 2000 GREENHOUSE FACT: GAS EMISSIONS OF GAS EMISSIONS The U.S. has more THE SIX–COUNTY OF THE CITY OF

CO2 emissions per CHICAGO METRO CHICAGO person than any AREA—COOK, WILL, other country except DUPAGE, KANE, Australia. MCHENRY, AND AUSTRALIA LAKE COUNTIES

UNITED STATES

CANADA

SAUDI ARABIA

RUSSIA

SOUTH KOREA

MEXICO

0 5 10 15 20 2008 CO2 EMISSIONS PER PERSON Courtesy of City of Chicago Data courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 9 HASN’T THE Yes , the climate has always been changing, Chicago is like many other industrial CLIMATE but the current warming trend is cities when it comes to the causes of different because: climate change. In the early 1900s, Chicago ALWAYS was booming. It was the beginning of the BEEN • It is largely caused by human Century of Progress. CHANGING? activities. But some progress comes at

• CO2 levels are the highest a price: intensifying levels of CO2 they have been in over 800,000 accelerated climate change. years.

• The rate of increase is unprecedented.

FACTS:

Levels of CO2 have risen 25% in the last century. CARBON DIOXIDE in ppm (parts per million)

295 ppm 385 ppm 1900 2007 Courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy Many scientists say we need our CO2 levels back below 350 ppm this century to avoid Photo public domain irreversible impacts.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 10 WHY ARE Natural sources like plants, animals, Sinks include oceans, lakes, forests, and oceans, and soils have always released other green spaces. They keep the amount CO2 LEVELS more carbon into the atmosphere than of CO in the atmosphere in check. This SO HIGH? 2 human activities do. But in the past process is called the “carbon cycle.” the amount of gases released by natural sources was balanced by the amount The added emissions from human of gases being absorbed by natural sources today create an “sinks.” imbalance in this cycle that results in too

much CO2 in the atmosphere. Because of this increase, the Earth is warming.

CARBON CYCLE

CARBON RELEASED INTO ATMOSPHERE CARBON NATURAL SINKS RELEASED INTO ATMOSPHERE CARBON INPUT

CARBON NATURALLY OCCURRING HUMAN EMISSIONS OF ABSORBED GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GASES CARBON OUTPUT

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 11 HOW DO WE Many of our natural sinks have been As a result, our remaining natural sinks CORRECT greatly fragmented or completely would be less effective at reducing the lost to development, agriculture, and amount of CO in the atmosphere than THE 2 pollution. they have been in the past. IMBALANCE IN THE Oceans and lakes are likely to reach a Preserving and restoring the carbon CO2 intake threshold in the future. sinks we do have left is essential cycle? This means that they would not be as good to addressing today’s climate change at capturing and storing carbon, so more challenge. carbon would remain in the atmosphere.

A Greener Vision for the Chicago Region

FACTS: Hegewisch Marsh, a Lake Michigan and 130–acre wetland on the green spaces in Chicago’s Far Southeast Chicago, including Side, is a natural “sink.” 75,500 acres of parks It survived incredible and forest preserves industrial pollution and in Cook County, act as is now being restored.

CO2 sinks.

These areas are also critical in providing Chicago’s suburbs habitat for the contain some of the region’s plants and There are 370,000 best remaining tall animals. acres of protected land grass prairie and oak in the Chicago region. savanna east of the This map depicts a Mississippi River. Their vision of an expanded deep roots store a Image courtesy of network of waterways substantial amount of Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning and open space. carbon.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 12 WHAT The Earth’s temperature has In many regions, spring o EXACTLY IS increased approximately 1 F over the is coming earlier, which is past 100 years. This has resulted in changes disrupting natural processes. CHANGING? in the atmosphere, ice, ocean, and land. For example, some animals that migrate, such as insect–eating birds, are finding that These changes have already begun to the animals or plants they are accustomed destabilize the climate, resulting to eating are no longer around when in some regions experiencing more extreme they arrive. The scientific phrase for this is storm events and flooding, as well as “phenophase mismatch.” rising sea levels, and others being afflicted with drought.

Plant Hardiness Zone

The plant hardiness zone in Chicago 1990 is changing. This 2006 measurement uses average annual minimum temperatures to determine which CHICAGO plant species thrive CHICAGO in which climatic regions. During the past 15 years, over half the U.S., including Chicago, warmed one hardiness zone. Plants that once thrived in the Chicago region now fare better farther north. Zone

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 © 2006 by The National Arbor Day Foundation® ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 13 WHAT ELSE Chicago’s average In September 2008, a record- IS ALREADY temperature is increasing. breaking 6.5 inches of rain fell in O CHANGING Temperatures have risen by 2.6 F a 24–hour period in Chicago. Many parts since 1980. of the city were quickly flooded by the IN overflow of the Chicago River, resulting in CHICAGO? The change in temperature is causing widespread damage to cars and Lake Michigan to be frozen for shorter buildings. In Albany Park, on the northwest periods of time during the winter. side of the city, dozens of residents were evacuated from their homes Chicago is experiencing more extreme because of dangerously high waters. The weather events, including heat waves, 2008 all–time record was broken in July flooding, and more 100O summer days. 2011, when 6.86 inches fell.

This map shows the Average for both higher-and projected summer lower-emissions scenarios climate changes over Lower-emissions scenarios this century for Illinois relative to existing Higher-emissions scenarios average summer temperature and precipitation found throughout the United States. For the higher- emissions case, the Chicago region would have a summer climate more like eastern Texas by the end of the century.

© Don Wuebbles and Katharine Hayhoe, reprinted with permission from The Illinois Steward magazine

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 14 HOW WILL Climate change may continue to alter Climate change is also expected to CLIMATE many aspects of life in Chicago. Scientists affect our natural communities. Scientists project increases in... project that… CHANGE • Heat–related diseases like heart • Animals and plants may become CONTINUE attacks and asthma; stressed from too much heat and too TO ALTER • Flooding , affecting residences, public much or too little precipitation; LIFE IN transportation, and bridges; • Rivers, lakes, and wetlands may become CHICAGO? • Electricity shortages and changes more polluted from increased in energy demands; stormwater run–off, which picks • Municipal costs, such as up sewage, garbage, fertilizer, etc. that landscaping, road maintenance, and then flows into these waterways. waterway emergency response. • Invasive species and pests may become more prevalent.

Chicago doesn’t have polar bears, but climate change threatens animals here too. The Hine’s emerald dragonfly (left) is an endangered species only found in a few remaining wetlands, including some in Chicago. The Bobolink (right) is already rare in Chicago due to a scarcity of open spaces for nesting and food. Climate change threatens the habitat of both. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Photo public domain

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 15 CLIMATE Climate change is a global The world’s northern regions, CHANGE phenomenon, but it affects different parts such as the Arctic, are seeing the greatest of the world in different ways. changes first. These include extensive LINKS THE Some areas will get more floods permafrost and glacial melt and increasing LOCAL while others will suffer from droughts. sea surface temperatures. TO THE GLOBAL Some places, like Chicago, may experience Chicago’s immigrant communities a change in when and how much maintain very close ties with their rainfall they receive. Chicago is expected to home countries and are often affected have wetter winters and springs, and long by international climate events. periods of dryness in the summer punctuated with more extreme storms and flooding.

Chicago’s Polish community rallied to help people in Poland affected by severe flooding in 1997 and 2010 (left).

Hurricanes in Mexico in 2010 caused some people to migrate to Pilsen as “climate refugees” (right).

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 16 CLIMATE People in regions of the world change will have a disproportionate CHANGE that contribute the least to climate impact on economically change—including sub–Saharan Africa, low– disadvantaged communities and IS AN lying Indonesian Islands, and the Arctic— communities of color. ENVIRONMENTAL will likely suffer the most. JUSTICE ISSUE African–American residents in In the places that contribute the most to Chicago and around the country often climate change, including the U.S. and other reference Hurricane Katrina as a industrialized countries, climate climate injustice.

During Chicago’s heat wave in July 1995, 739 people died in one week from heat–related causes. Most were elderly without supportive social networks who lived in low–income areas of the city. Their deaths are a grim reminder that climate change affects most those who lack the resources to adapt.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 17 SO... WHAT It’s not too late to make a Projected number of 100 degree days per year in Chicago, at current and lower emission levels. difference. Two climate action CAN WE DO? Courtesy of City of Chicago plans have been created to help Chicago ACT NOW! meet its commitment of reducing GHGs to 25% below 1990 levels by 2020, and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.

Strategies from these plans aim to help the region lower greenhouse gas emissions and cope with changes already underway. These strategies are called “mitigation” and “adaptation” (see sidebar).

FACT: City of Chicago Chicago Wilderness MITIGATION strategies reduce Chicago Climate Action Plan (CCAP) Climate Action Plan for Nature (CAPN) greenhouse gas 5 strategies: 5 strategies: emissions to prevent additional climate change. 1. Energy Efficient Buildings 1. Climate–friendly Gardens and Lawns Energy Efficient Buildings Climate–friendly Gardens and Lawns ADAPTATION 2. Clean and Renewable Energy Sources 2. Water Conservation strategies help 3. Improved Clean and TransportationRenewable Energy OptionsSources 3. Monitoring Water Conservation humans and nature respond to climate 4. Reduced Waste and industrial Pollution 4. Stewardship change impacts (such Improved Transportation Options Monitoring as heat waves). 5. Adaptation 5. Climate Change Education Reduced Waste and Industrial Pollution Stewardship Some strategies do both. Adaptation Climate Change Education

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 18 CITIES WILL Cities are often pointed to as a major In cities, people and their homes are closer LEAD THE cause of climate change because they to each other. This pattern supports local produce so many emissions. businesses, encourages people to ride trains WAY and buses instead of drive, and shortens But in fact, they offer the solution. travel times.

The effect: much lower emissions per household.

A New View of Cities and Climate Change: CO2 Generated by Automobiles in the Chicago Region per Year Traditional View: Emerging View: Cities produce City dwellers large amounts produce relatively of greenhouse low amounts gases (GHGs) of GHGs when when measured by measured by square mile. household.

Courtesy of the Center for Neighborhood Technology

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 19 CHICAGO IS LEADING THE WAY

Photo courtesy of the City of Chicago

By the end of 2012, the Chicago region will have over The Energy Action Network engages 27 community 250 electric charging stations – the densest DC Fast organizations in scaling up energy efficiency efforts in Charge Network in the world. their neighborhoods.

Photo courtesy of the City of Chicago

In 2001, the City installed a green roof on City Hall. Chicago is creating a Climate Ready Checklist for Studies revealed the air temperature to be 78°F natural area managers to help them take climate cooler than the temperature on the traditional black change into account in future planning. tar roof of the Cook County half of the building.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 20 Chicago Residents ARE MAKING A DIFFERENCE

When she leaves the house, one Roseland resident One Pilsen resident learned to conserve water from disconnects all of her non–essential appliances. Her a 1970s TV campaign in Mexico, called “Cierrale!” monthly bill has been reduced by $100. [“Turn it off!”], that discouraged wasting water. He said it was as popular as the U.S. “Got Milk?” ads.

Volunteer stewards have been working with the To save money and energy, an electrician/carpenter Forest Preserve District of Cook County since 1977 to built this solar water heater for his family’s home revitalize Glenview’s Harms Woods. in Jefferson Park, duplicating what he did at his recreational home in the Polish countryside.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 21 CHICAGO ORGANIZATIONS ARE MOBILIZING THEIR COMMUNITIES

Fernwood United Methodist Church in Roseland Little Village Environmental Justice Organization composts and encourages community members (LVEJO) participates in national and international to donate leaves and food scraps in return for a climate justice efforts and leads local campaigns on discount on goods at their farmers’ market. The public transit, water, and clean power. It advocates composting provides natural fertilizer for the farmers the closing of Chicago’s two coal–fired power plants, and the church–run community garden while including the Fisk plant in Pilsen (see photo). reducing the amount of landfill waste.

Blacks in Green (BIG) builds awareness of climate The Council of Islamic Organizations’ “Green change in South Side communities through “Green– Ramadan” campaign promotes green living and Village–Building” activities that highlight African– climate action among Chicago Muslims as part of American sustainable traditions. These include a long–term solution to social disasters in Africa, classes run in partnership with the University including drought and famine in Somalia. of Chicago and cultural activities such as movie discussions, green “expos,” and story circles.

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 22 CHICAGO COMMUNITY In Forest Glen, Boy Scout and Girl CLIMATE ACTION FOREST GLEN Scout troops are building upon TOOLKIT the community’s strong history of environmental youth leadership to promote water conservation and climate-friendly gardening. The Field Museum is working with organizations In Pilsen, partners in four Chicago are building on a neighborhoods to long tradition of develop diverse gathering outdoors to transform a models for daycare center’s community–led vacant lot into climate action that a native garden others can learn from. where children can play and families can learn about

CHICAGO CLIMATE climate change. CLIMATE ACTION PILSEN ACTION PLAN PLAN FOR NATURE COMMUNITY- LED CLIMATE ACTION In Bronzeville, community BRONZEVILLE organizations are buiding COMMUNITY STRENGTHS on the neighborhood’s African-American history to develop culturally Each project builds meaningful gardens, on community healthy soul food cooking events, and “green” tours. heritage and other local strengths identified through the SOUTH Museum’s research to CHICAGO implement strategies In South Chicago, as part of a from the region’s two City-funded community retrofit climate action plans project, youth organizations are that simultaneously creating a community-wide exhibit highlighting the Southeast Side’s address community transformation “From Steel to concerns. For more Green, Pollution to Solution.” information and tools, visit: climatechicago. fieldmuseum.org

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 23 HOW WILL General Resources: Chicago Resources:

YOUR Pew Center on Global Climate Change provide Chicago Conservation Corps Blog provides up-to-date a series of brief reports entitled Climate Change 101: information about a range of environmental and climate COMMUNITY Understanding and Responding to Global Climate action initiatives and events in the Chicago area. Change. www.chicagoconservationcorps.org LEAD THE http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming- basics/climate_change_101 The Chicago Climate Action Plan (CCAP) is the City WAY? of Chicago’s comprehensive and detailed strategy to lower Skeptical Science presents common climate skeptic heat trapping emissions that cause climate change. LEARN MORE arguments and gives suggestions on how to refute them http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/ with real findings from climate science. http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php The Climate Action Plan for Nature (CAPN), created ABOUT HOW by the Chicago Wilderness conservation alliance, addresses Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts climate change impacts on nature in the four-state Chicago YOU CAN presents adaptation science and strategies. Wilderness region. It complements the Chicago Climate http://www.wicci.wisc.edu/adaptation.php Action Plan. MAKE A http://www.chicagowilderness.org/pdf/CAPN_ Alliance for Climate Education works with youth, Brochure-FINAL_singlepages_WEB_6.21.10.pdf DIFFERENCE and its website offers dynamic educational tools on climate change. Climate Action Plan for Nature – Community http://www.acespace.org/ Adaptation Strategies is a companion piece to the Chicago Wilderness Climate Action Plan for Nature WE ACT for Environmental Justice is a national (CAPN). The Strategies document lays out five strategies leader of the climate justice movement and convenes that communities and residents can undertake to help the the Environmental Justice Leadership Forum on Climate region’s nature adapt to climate change. Change, comprising over 35 organizations. climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org http://www.weact.org/ Programs/MovementBuilding/ Union of Concerned Scientists Citizens - Action TheWEACTforClimateJusticeProject/ Alerts in the Midwest guides the public in advocating for AdvancingClimateJusticeConference/tabid/330/ local and regional policy change on climate-related issues Default.aspx important to the Midwest. http://www.ucsusa.org/action/alerts/midwest- NOAA’s Essential Principles of Climate Science actions.html aims to increase the public’s understanding of basic climate science, and provides educators with entry points into discussions of climate change. http://climate.noaa.gov/education/pdfs/ Chicago Community ClimateLiteracyPoster-8_5x11_Final4-11.pdf Climate Action Toolkit (CCCAT) This site provides tools for learning about climate change The Will Steger Foundation offers resources on as it relates to Chicago and for taking local climate action. designing climate change curricula, lesson plans, and climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org educational activities for a range of age groups. http://www.willstegerfoundation.org/curricula- resources#ccc

ECCo • climatechicago.fieldmuseum.org • 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY Arbor Day Foundation. Hellmann et al. “Climate change impacts on terrestrial http://www.arborday.org. ecosystems in metropolitan Chicago and its surrounding, multi-state region.” Journal of Great Center for Neighborhood Technology. Lakes Research 36 (2010): 74–85. http://www.cnt.org. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Chicago Wilderness Climate Change Task Force. Basis. “Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth 2010. “Changing Landscapes in the Chicago assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on wilderness Region: A Climate Change Update to the Climate Change.” [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Biodiversity Recovery Plan.”Version 1.0. Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. http://www.chicagowilderness.org/climate. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, php. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA

City of Chicago. “Department of Environment.” U.S. Department of Energy. http://energy.gov. http://www.cityofchicago.org/Environment. U.S. Global Change Research Program. “Global Climate Climate Wisconsin. “Stories From a State of Change.” Change Impacts to the US, State of Knowledge Report, wisconsin Educational Communications Board. n.d. 2009.” http://www.globalchange.gov/usimpacts. web. 8 Aug. 2011. Wuebbles et al. “Introduction: Assessing the effects of The Effects of Climate Change on U.S. Ecosystems, climate change on Chicago and the Great Lakes.” 2009. http://www.sap43.ucar.edu. Journal of Great Lakes Research 36 (2010): 1–6.

The Field Museum. ECCo. 2009-2011. “Engaging 350.org Chicago’s Diverse Communities in the Chicago http://www.350.org/en/about/science Climate Action Plan” (South Chicago, North kenwood-Oakland/Bronzeville, The Polish Community, Pilsen’s Mexican Community, West Ridge’s South Asian Community, Roseland’s African american Community, Forest Glen). http://www.fieldmuseum.org/climateaction.

Hawkins, Belinda, Suzanne Sharrock, and Kay Havens Hawkins. 2008. “Plants and climate change: which future?” Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK. http://www.bgci.org/climate/whichfuture.

*All image rights reserved. Visit http://fieldmuseum.org/explore/department/ecco for more information.

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