sign in sign up
<<
Home , 27 BC, Ancient Rome, Founding of Rome, Julius Caesar, King of Rome

Year 7 History Home Study Work Pack

Contents Task Pages When to do 1- 1-5 1 of home study – during the first half of the week 5 1-5 6-9 Week 1 of home study – during the second half of the week Founding of 9-12 Week 2 of home study – during the first half of the week 1-5 Julius 12-16 Week 2 of home study – during the second half of the week 1-6

1

Week 1 of home study You are now going to be studying the world of . The tasks below will prepare you for this. Chronology of Rome (complete these 5 tasks in week 1 of your home study)

TASK 1:

Make a mind-map of the things you already know about Ancient Rome. If you know nothing about Rome, mind map questions that you would like to ask:

Ancient Rome

STRETCH:

Rome conquered an enormous area of land. What things would Rome have needed to do this and why?

TASK 2:

Copy these two key words into your glossary:

Empire – when one area conquers and controls another area

Dictator – someone who rules alone, making all decisions themselves

2

TASK 3:

Read through the information below and highlight the key evidence. Then answer the questions below in full sentences.

Chronology of Ancient Rome

1. Kingdom, c. 753-509 BC The twins and Remus were members of the tribe that lived in central . A strange legend says they were mothered by a she-. It goes on to tell how they founded a town on the Hill, near the River , and how Romulus killed Remus and named the town ‘Rome’ after himself. This is said to have happened c.753 BC. The c. stands for circa, meaning ‘about’ in Latin, the of the Latin tribe.

Over the next 200 years, the people who lived here were ruled by . The kingdom was based in Rome, so all its people were known Romans. They used the Latin language, too. The city of Rome grew and expanded. By the of the last Roman , Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), Rome was a large and busy city but controlled little land.

2. , 509-27 BC In 509 BC, the Romans threw out King Tarquin and chose to rule themselves. Rome was now a republic, meaning a without a king or queen. It was run by electing leaders, just like

During these years Rome began to conquer other areas. They took over land in and . It was able to take lots of resources from these areas to make Rome richer

3. Empire 27 BC- 476 AD (100-44 BC), a talented soldier, politician, author and speaker, was one of Rome’s most impressive leaders. He used the army to help him take total control of Rome. Rome was no longer ruled by democracy but by one .

When he died his adopted son became leader. His name was . He would become . From now on Rome was ruled by one powerful man, the Emperor. Rome continued to grow and take control of more areas. When you conquer other areas and rule them it is known as an empire. Rome stretched from Africa, to and even to Enfield and !

The lasted until 476 BC. Over the years the large Empire had become weaker and less well organised. Eventually in 476 BC Rome was attacked by different groups of people all over the Empire and even the city of Rome was attacked and destroyed.

Answer these questions in full sentences:

1. Who were ? ______2. Who was the last ? ______3. How did Rome change in 509 BC?

3

______4. Why did Rome become more powerful as a Republic? ______5. Who was Julius Caesar and how did he change Rome? ______6. What is an empire? Why is the empire of Ancient Rome so impressive? ______STRETCH: What is the major difference between how Rome and Greece made decisions?

TASK 4:

Now read through these ‘chronology cards’ on eight stages of Rome’s development. Highlight strengths in one colour and weaknesses in another colour, then give each box a score out of 10 for how strong Rome was at that time. (10 is the highest, 1 is the weakest).

A. The 7 hills of Rome – 760 BC B. Romulus and Remus 753 BC

Circa 760BC farmers live in mud huts on seven According to legend two brothers (Romulus hills near the River Tiber in Italy. Rome is only a and Remus) decided to join these mud huts on small town and has very little power as it has a the 7 hills into one city. However the brothers very small population. argued over this new city and during this argument Romulus killed his brother naming the new city Rome in 753 BC. Rome is beginning to get more powerful as it is now a city and not just a small village.

C. Rome becomes a Republic 509 BC D. Emperor Caesar – 45 BC

In 509 BC the people of Rome took control of the Julius Caesar was a famous, successful and city. They used democracy to make decisions like popular General in the . He used people in . At this time Rome begins to this army to invade Rome and make himself conquer areas of land around the city, gradually the unelected leader of Rome. Caesar became becoming more important until it controlled all of a . Caesar ended democracy in Rome. the land in Italy. This caused lots of arguments and even a civil war about who should be in charge. Many Romans died during these .

4

E. Rome invades Britain 43 AD F. Emperor 98-117AD

Rome invaded Britain in 43 AD for the second time The Emperor Trajan built and controlled Britain till circa 410 AD. The many important buildings Romans became very wealthy while in control of in Rome. He also Britain. They established as an conquered many new important trading city. This is another area that areas such which helped to Rome adds to its empire. It makes Rome more make Rome richer. The powerful as it can take tin and silver from Britain. Roman Empire grew to its biggest size in its entire history under Emperor Trajan

G. ’s Wall 117AD H. Rome ends 476 AD

Emperor Hadrian replaced Trajan and decided to Rome had become weaker and weaker over begin protecting the land Rome had conquered time as it faced attacks from many different rather than try and win more land. He built large areas. Poor , less taxes being walls to protect the borders of Rome collected and arguments within Rome meant it including the famous wall in the was unable to deal with all these problems. North of England to stop the Scottish Rome was attacked and destroyed in 476 AD leading to end of the Roman Empire. invading Roman controlled England.

We call this Hadrian’s wall.

TASK 5:

Now complete the graph below by writing each time period along the x axis at the bottom and drawing a bar up to each strength on the axis by the side.

10

9

8

7

Empire....)

6

5

4

Power (Strengthof

3

2

1

5

Geography of Rome (complete these tasks in week 2 of your home study)

TASK 1: Answer these questions in the booklet, using what you learned on the first 5 pages of this booklet

Why was Rome such a powerful Empire?

Why was it more powerful than the other Empires we have studied?

STRETCH:

When was Rome at its strongest? When was Rome at its weakest?

TASK 2:

Copy this key word into your glossary:

Rome – the capital of the Roman Empire (now the capital of Italy)

TASK 3:

Read through the information sheet below comparing the geography of and Ancient Rome.

Ancient Greece

Greece is in the south east of Europe and is surrounded by the . It is is made up of one large piece of land and many different islands known as an archipelago. Greece was not ruled by any one king as there were too many different islands for one person to rule at the same time.

The city of Athens was on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. There was no major river in Athens and the land around the city was rocky and hilly. was very important for the Athenians as they needed to get enough wheat to feed their population. The Athenians used the alphabet to write and spoke a language known as Greek using the alphabet. The city of Athens was protected by huge walls around the city.

6

Ancient Rome

Rome is in the south of Europe and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Rome is a city in a larger area of land known as Italy. Italy is a pennisula which meas it is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on three sides. As Italy was one large piece of land it was easier for one person to rule the entire area as it was easier to reach all the different areas.

The city of Rome was on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The river Tiber flows through Rome which made it easier to trade. Trade was very important for the Romans as they needed to get enough wheat to feed their population. The Romans used the alphabet to write and spoke a language known as Latin using the alphabet. The city of Rome was protected by a huge wall which was 10 metres tall and 7 long. The city of Rome was also protected by seven large hills around the city which helped the Romans quickly see any enemies coming to attack their city.

TASK 4:

Now use the information above to fill in the below

Greece Rome Were they similar or different? Why? Location – where are they?

Easy to rule?

7

How did they trade?

How did they use writing?

TASK 5:

Now complete the question below with one paragraph on how they were similar and one paragraph on how they were different.

How similar was the geography of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome?

______8

______

Week 2 of home study (You should complete this in week 2 of your home study)

TASK 1: Answer these questions, to re-cap the information from pages 6-8 of this booklet

Why would walls be important to Rome?

STRETCH: What else do you need to protect a city?

TASK 2:

Copy the below words into your glossary

Myth – a fictional story which often explains how a city of group of people began

TASK 3:

Read the story below, highlight key events of the story

Twins are Born

Romulus and Remus were twin boys born to a princess named . Their father was the fierce Roman god of war, . The king where the boys lived was scared that someday Romulus and Remus would overthrow him and take his . So he had the boys left in a basket on the Tiber River so they would be washed away and die.

9

Raised by a Wolf - The boys were found by a she-wolf. The wolf cared for them and protected them from other wild animals. A friendly woodpecker helped to find them food. Eventually some shepherds happened across the twins. One shepherd took the boys home and raised them as his own children.

Growing Up - As the boys grew older they became natural leaders. One day Remus was captured and taken to the king. He discovered his true identity. Romulus gathered some shepherds to rescue his brother. They ended up killing the king. When the city learned who the boys were, they offered to crown them as joint kings. They could be rulers of their . However, they turned down the crowns because they wanted to found their own city. The twins left and set out to find the perfect spot for their new city.

Founding a New City - The twins eventually came to the place where Rome is located today. They both liked the general area, but each wanted to place the city on a different hill. Romulus wanted the city to be on top of while Remus preferred Aventine Hill. They agreed to wait for a sign from the gods to help them choose which hill to use. Remus saw the sign of six vultures first, but Romulus saw twelve. Each claimed to have won.

Remus is Killed - Romulus went ahead and started building a wall around Palatine Hill. Remus still hoped to convince his brother he was wrong and have all his brother’s follower join his settlement on the Aventine Hill. To prove his point, Remus ridiculed the ditches being built to protect the hill and jumped over them to prove how unsafe the area was to build a city. Romulus, driven mad by this, stabbed and killed his brother saying ‘this will be the last man to cross our walls.’

Rome is Founded - With Remus dead, Romulus continued to work on his city. He officially founded the city on 21, 753 BC, making himself king, and naming it Rome after himself. To make sure he had enough men to protect the city and increase trade, Romulus welcomed any man from any area to move to Rome and become a citizen regardless of who they were and what they had done before. This helped to grow the population of the city quickly and made everyone proud to be Roman.

TASK 4:

Now answer these questions, in full sentences

1. Why would Romans choose Mars as the boy’s father?

______

10

2. Why might the Romans choose a wolf to find and raise the boys?

______3. What does the fact that Romulus and Remus waited for the vultures show you about the importance of ?

______4. What does the fact that he killed his brother show you about the character of Romulus?

______5. Why are Roman rules about citizenship so different to Athens and Sparta?

______

STRETCH: If you had to write down one key message from the story of Romulus and Remus, what would it be and why?

______

TASK 5:

Answer this question in a PEE paragraph:

What was important to the Romans, according to the story of Romulus and Remus?

______

11

______

Julius Caesar (complete these tasks in week 2 of your self-study)

TASK 1:

Answer the questions below, using the information from earlier in this booklet

1. What continent is Rome in?

2. What is the name for an area ruled without a king or queen?

3. What is the name of an area ruled with a king?

STRETCH: Why was the Roman Empire so powerful?

TASK 2:

Copy the words below into your glossary:

Politician – someone who works in e.g. Prime Minister, MP,

Julius Caesar – a very famous Roman politician and genera

12

TASK 3:

Read the information below. Highlight evidence of Julius Caesar’s successes: Julius Caesar was born in Rome in the year 100 BC. He was born to a wealthy who were one of the oldest in Rome. His parents were well-off, but they weren't rich by Roman standards. His full name was Julius Caesar.

At around the age of six, Gaius began his education. He was taught by a private tutor named Marcus Gnipho. He learned how to read and write. He also learned about Roman and how to speak in public. These were important skills he would need as a leader of Rome.

Caesar's father died when he was sixteen years old. He became the head of the family and was responsible for his mother Aurelia and his sister . At the age of seventeen he married Cornelia, the daughter of a powerful politician in Rome.

Young Caesar soon found himself in the middle of a power struggle between two powerful groups. The current dictator of Rome, , was enemies with both Caesar's uncle Marius and Caesar's father in-law Cinna. Caesar joined the army and left Rome in order to avoid being attacked by Sulla.

When Sulla died, Caesar returned to Rome. He was now a military hero from his years in the army. He quickly rose gained important jobs in the Roman government. He made friends with powerful men such as the general the Great and the wealthy Crassus. Caesar was an excellent speaker and the people of Rome loved him.

At the age of 40 Julius Caesar was elected to consul. Consul was the highest ranking position in the . The consul was like a president, but there were two consuls and they only served for one year. At the end of his year as consul, Caesar became governor of the of in .

As governor of Gaul, Caesar was in charge of four Roman armies. He was a very effective governor and general. He conquered all of Gaul. He gained the respect and honor from his army and soon was considered alongside Pompey as the greatest general in the Roman army.

13

TASK 4: Complete the mind map on Caesar below.

How did Caesar’s life change at Where was Caesar 16? educated?

Julius Caesar

Why did Caesar join the army? What did Caesar take age 40? Was this a good decision?

Stretch – what characteristics has Caesar had to show in his life? Explain your answer using examples. ( answer below_

14

TASK 5:

Read the information below and highlight what Caesar does to get more power:

Caesar’s three steps to power

Step 1 – Taking power

By 50 BC Caesar had become incredibly powerful and wealthy by conquering large areas of Gaul for Rome. The Roman were worried that Caesar had become too powerful and ordered Caesar to return to Rome so they could take away his power.

Instead Caesar marched his Roman army all the way to Rome to destroy those in the Senate who were trying to weaken him. What followed was a huge civil war between Caesar’s army and the army of the Senate. By 48 BC Caesar had defeated his main enemies, he was now the most powerful man in all of Rome.

Step 2 – Changing power

Caesar thought that democracy in Rome had become ineffective, weak and corrupt. He believed that Rome needed a strong government to rule such a large area of land and did not trust the Senate to do this. Instead Caesar made himself a dictator. This meant he alone, and not the Senate, made the and key decisions for all of the Roman empire. Caesar now directly controlled all of the areas Rome had conquered.

Step 3 – Keeping power.

Caesar was worried the poor of Rome would rebel against his rule after he had ended democracy. To gain their popularity Caesar paid to have huge games which were free for the people of Rome to watch. They could see fighting to the death, rare animals fighting and racing. For the ordinary person in Rome, this was a huge event and the most popular form of .

Caesar also tried to improve the lives of the poor by handing out free bread and food to prevent starvation and by providing jobs for the poor of Rome to work to get money.

However, many people could still not accept that Caesar had ended democracy and ruled Rome as a dictator. In March 44 BC he was assassinated by his friends in the Senate. Caesar was stabbed 23 but Rome would never become a democratic Republic again.

15

TASK 6:

Use the reading above to complete the flow diagram below

STEP 1: TAKING POWER

Who were the Senate?

STEP 2: CHANGING POWER

Why was the Senate worried about Caesar? Why did Caesar not trust the Senate?

What did the Senate order Caesar to do and What is a dictator? why?

Why did Caesar make himself a dictator? How did Caesar take control of Rome?

Why did becoming a dictator make Caesar incredibly powerful?

STEP 3: KEEPING POWER

Why was Caesar worried about the people of Rome?

Why did Caesar hold games?

What else did Caesar do to win the support of the Roman poor?

How did Caesar’s enemies punish him?

16