Year 7 History Home Study Work Pack Contents Task Pages When to do Chronology 1- 1-5 Week 1 of home study – during the first half of the week 5 Geography 1-5 6-9 Week 1 of home study – during the second half of the week Founding of 9-12 Week 2 of home study – during the first half of the week Rome 1-5 Julius Caesar 12-16 Week 2 of home study – during the second half of the week 1-6 1 Week 1 of home study You are now going to be studying the world of Ancient Rome. The tasks below will prepare you for this. Chronology of Rome (complete these 5 tasks in week 1 of your home study) TASK 1: Make a mind-map of the things you already know about Ancient Rome. If you know nothing about Rome, mind map questions that you would like to ask: Ancient Rome STRETCH: Rome conquered an enormous area of land. What things would Rome have needed to do this and why? TASK 2: Copy these two key words into your glossary: Empire – when one area conquers and controls another area Dictator – someone who rules alone, making all decisions themselves 2 TASK 3: Read through the information below and highlight the key evidence. Then answer the questions below in full sentences. Chronology of Ancient Rome 1. Kingdom, c. 753-509 BC The twins Romulus and Remus were members of the Latin tribe that lived in central Italy. A strange legend says they were mothered by a she-wolf. It goes on to tell how they founded a town on the Palatine Hill, near the River Tiber, and how Romulus killed Remus and named the town ‘Rome’ after himself. This is said to have happened c.753 BC. The c. stands for circa, meaning ‘about’ in Latin, the language of the Latin tribe. Over the next 200 years, the people who lived here were ruled by Kings. The kingdom was based in Rome, so all its people were known as Romans. They used the Latin language, too. The city of Rome grew and expanded. By the time of the last Roman king, Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), Rome was a large and busy city but controlled little land. 2. Republic, 509-27 BC In 509 BC, the Romans threw out King Tarquin and chose to rule themselves. Rome was now a republic, meaning a state without a king or queen. It was run by electing leaders, just like Greece During these years Rome began to conquer other areas. They took over land in Europe and Africa. It was able to take lots of resources from these areas to make Rome richer 3. Empire 27 BC- 476 AD Julius Caesar (100-44 BC), a talented soldier, politician, author and speaker, was one of Rome’s most impressive military leaders. He used the army to help him take total control of Rome. Rome was no longer ruled by democracy but by one man. When he died his adopted son became leader. His name was Augustus. He would become Emperor. From now on Rome was ruled by one powerful man, the Emperor. Rome continued to grow and take control of more areas. When you conquer other areas and rule them it is known as an empire. Rome stretched from Africa, to Mesopotamia and even to Enfield and England! The Roman Empire lasted until 476 BC. Over the years the large Empire had become weaker and less well organised. Eventually in 476 BC Rome was attacked by different groups of people all over the Empire and even the city of Rome was attacked and destroyed. Answer these questions in full sentences: 1. Who were Romulus and Remus? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who was the last King of Rome? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did Rome change in 509 BC? 3 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Rome become more powerful as a Republic? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who was Julius Caesar and how did he change Rome? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is an empire? Why is the empire of Ancient Rome so impressive? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ STRETCH: What is the major difference between how Rome and Greece made decisions? TASK 4: Now read through these ‘chronology cards’ on eight stages of Rome’s development. Highlight strengths in one colour and weaknesses in another colour, then give each box a score out of 10 for how strong Rome was at that time. (10 is the highest, 1 is the weakest). A. The 7 hills of Rome – 760 BC B. Romulus and Remus 753 BC Circa 760BC farmers live in mud huts on seven According to legend two brothers (Romulus hills near the River Tiber in Italy. Rome is only a and Remus) decided to join these mud huts on small town and has very little power as it has a the 7 hills into one city. However the brothers very small population. argued over this new city and during this argument Romulus killed his brother naming the new city Rome in 753 BC. Rome is beginning to get more powerful as it is now a city and not just a small village. C. Rome becomes a Republic 509 BC D. Emperor Caesar – 45 BC In 509 BC the people of Rome took control of the Julius Caesar was a famous, successful and city. They used democracy to make decisions like popular General in the Roman Army. He used people in Athens. At this time Rome begins to this army to invade Rome and make himself conquer areas of land around the city, gradually the unelected leader of Rome. Caesar became becoming more important until it controlled all of a dictator. Caesar ended democracy in Rome. the land in Italy. This caused lots of arguments and even a civil war about who should be in charge. Many Romans died during these battles. 4 E. Rome invades Britain 43 AD F. Emperor Trajan 98-117AD Rome invaded Britain in 43 AD for the second time The Emperor Trajan built and controlled Britain till circa 410 AD. The many important buildings Romans became very wealthy while in control of in Rome. He also Britain. They established Londinium as an conquered many new important trading city. This is another area that areas such which helped to Rome adds to its empire. It makes Rome more make Rome richer. The powerful as it can take tin and silver from Britain. Roman Empire grew to its biggest size in its entire history under Emperor Trajan G. Hadrian’s Wall 117AD H. Rome ends 476 AD Emperor Hadrian replaced Trajan and decided to Rome had become weaker and weaker over begin protecting the land Rome had conquered time as it faced attacks from many different rather than try and win more land. He built large areas. Poor leadership, less taxes being walls to protect the borders of Rome collected and arguments within Rome meant it including the famous wall in the was unable to deal with all these problems. North of England to stop the Scottish Rome was attacked and destroyed in 476 AD leading to end of the Roman Empire. invading Roman controlled England. We call this Hadrian’s wall. TASK 5: Now complete the graph below by writing each time period along the x axis at the bottom and drawing a bar up to each strength on the y axis by the side. 10 9 8 7 Empire....) 6 5 4 Power (Strength of 3 2 1 5 Geography of Rome (complete these tasks in week 2 of your home study) TASK 1: Answer these questions in the booklet, using what you learned on the first 5 pages of this booklet Why was Rome such a powerful Empire? Why was it more powerful than the other Empires we have studied? STRETCH: When was Rome at its strongest? When was Rome at its weakest? TASK 2: Copy this key word into your glossary: Rome – the capital of the Roman Empire (now the capital of Italy) TASK 3: Read through the information sheet below comparing the geography of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Ancient Greece Greece is in the south east of Europe and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. It is is made up of one large piece of land and many different islands known as an archipelago. Greece was not ruled by any one king as there were too many different islands for one person to rule at the same time. The city of Athens was on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. There was no major river in Athens and the land around the city was rocky and hilly. Trade was very important for the Athenians as they needed to get enough wheat to feed their population. The Athenians used the alphabet to write and spoke a language known as Greek using the alphabet. The city of Athens was protected by huge walls around the city. 6 Ancient Rome Rome is in the south of Europe and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Rome is a city in a larger area of land known as Italy. Italy is a pennisula which meas it is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on three sides. As Italy was one large piece of land it was easier for one person to rule the entire area as it was easier to reach all the different areas. The city of Rome was on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The river Tiber flows through Rome which made it easier to trade. Trade was very important for the Romans as they needed to get enough wheat to feed their population.