DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of Fermented Products Produced by Bacillus Licheniformis on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Community of Broilers Under Coccidial Challenge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of Fermented Products Produced by Bacillus Licheniformis on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Community of Broilers Under Coccidial Challenge animals Article Effect of Fermented Products Produced by Bacillus licheniformis on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Community of Broilers under Coccidial Challenge Yeong-Hsiang Cheng 1 , Yi-Bing Horng 1, Wei-Jung Chen 1 , Kuo-Feng Hua 1, Andrzej Dybus 2 and Yu-Hsiang Yu 1,* 1 Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-B.H.); [email protected] (W.-J.C.); [email protected] (K.-F.H.) 2 Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-3-931-7716 Simple Summary: Coccidiosis is a severe parasitic disease of poultry caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria. Eimeria species infection disrupts the intestinal microbiota of broilers, thereby reducing gut health and growth performance. Continuous use of anti-coccidial drugs leads to the selection of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria. Therefore, developing substitutes for anti-coccidial drugs is an urgent, unmet need. Fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis containing probiotics and antimicrobial peptides can modulate the gut microbiota of broilers. However, little is known about the effect of fermented products produced by B. licheniformis on the health, growth, and gut Citation: Cheng, Y.-H.; Horng, Y.-B.; microbial community of broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. In this study, the anti-coccidial and Chen, W.-J.; Hua, K.-F.; Dybus, A.; Yu, gut microbiota modulatory effect of fermented products produced by B. licheniformis on broilers was Y.-H. Effect of Fermented Products evaluated. Results showed that Bacillus licheniformis-fermented product supplementation improved Produced by Bacillus licheniformis on average daily gain at 21 to 35 days of age and regulated the cecal microbial community of broilers the Growth Performance and Cecal exposed to coccidial challenge compared with coccidial challenge alone group. Microbial Community of Broilers under Coccidial Challenge. Animals Abstract: This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis 2021, 11, 1245. https://doi.org/ (fermented products) on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in broilers exposed 10.3390/ani11051245 to coccidial challenge. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six Academic Editor: Md Zohorul Islam birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without treatment (NC), basal diet plus coccidial Received: 19 March 2021 challenge (PC), and basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The Accepted: 23 April 2021 results indicated that FP increased the average daily gain of broilers at 21 to 35 days of age compared Published: 26 April 2021 with the PC group (p < 0.05). The anti-coccidia index in the FP group was elevated compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant segregation in bacterial Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral community composition in the cecal digesta among the groups. The genus Lactobacillus was more with regard to jurisdictional claims in abundant in the cecal digesta of the FP group compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). There was a published maps and institutional affil- positive correlation between the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta and growth iations. performance (body weight, average daily gain, and average feed intake). Furthermore, the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta was positively associated with the cecal short-chain fatty acid levels (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid). These findings suggest that fermented products produced by B. licheniformis can ameliorate the average daily gain of Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation increases Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. anti-coccidial activity and modulates gut microbiota composition by increasing beneficial microbes This article is an open access article and decreasing harmful microbes in broilers under coccidial challenge. distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis; broiler; coccidiosis; fermented product; microbial community Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Animals 2021, 11, 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051245 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2021, 11, 1245 2 of 17 1. Introduction Coccidiosis is a severe enteric disease in poultry caused mainly by protozoa from the Eimeria genus. Coccidiosis costs the poultry industry about 3 billion US dollars annually worldwide due to high mortality, impaired growth, and high medical costs [1]. Anti- coccidial drugs have been widely used to control coccidiosis, but drug resistance of Eimeria species in chickens has become prevalent worldwide. Because of the disadvantages of current anti-coccidial drugs and vaccines [2], alternative strategies to prevent coccidiosis in broilers are an urgent and unmet need in the poultry industry. Several natural products, such as medicinal plants, herbal extracts, essential oils, organic acids, and probiotics, have been reported to have beneficial effects for the prevention of coccidiosis [3–8]. Bacillus licheniformis, a Gram-positive endospore-forming probiotic, has either been observed or isolated from the digestive tract of broilers [6]. Dietary supplementation with B. licheniformis ameliorates the growth performance and relieves necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens in broilers [9–11]. However, the beneficial effects of B. licheniformis as probiotics in broilers infected with coccidian parasites are still limited. Only one study reported that B. licheniformis can improve body weight gain, intestinal lesion score, and fecal oocysts in broilers challenged with mixed coccidia infection [12]. The underlying mechanisms of how B. licheniformis prevents coccidiosis of broilers are still unclear. The commercial feed additive of B. licheniformis is mainly produced by liquid-state fermentation and fermented products (B. licheniformis spores only, without functional metabolites) are then directly mixed into the diet. Compared with liquid-state fermen- tation, our previous study demonstrated that B. licheniformis can be produced by solid- state fermentation. Fermented products contain B. licheniformis spores and functional metabolites (antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptide) [13]. Furthermore, B. licheniformis-fermented products also display antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens and Brachyspira hyodysen- teriae in vitro [13,14]. Dietary supplementation with fermented products produced by B. licheniformis can ameliorate growth performance, alleviate necrotic lesions, and improve intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens challenge [15,16]. In addition, fermented products also modulate intestinal bacterial composition in broilers [15]. It has been reported that Eimeria tenella infection induces perturbation of the cecal microbiota in different strains of broilers by elevating pathogenic bacteria abundance and reducing beneficial bacteria abundance [17,18]. Therefore, based on our previous studies, we hypothesize that fermented products might alleviate coccidiosis by normalizing the cecal microbiota composition of broilers. The specific objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of fermented products produced by B. licheniformis on growth performance and cecal microbial commu- nity in broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. The findings provide a basis for the use of B. licheniformis-fermented products as a possible method for preventing coccidia in poultry. 2. Materials and Methods The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of National Ilan University re- viewed and approved the animal protocol for the current study (IACUC, protocol number 107-12). 2.1. Experimental Design The fermented products were produced in our previous study and the concentration of B. licheniformis and B. licheniformis-derived antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptide (surfactin) in fermented products were 5 × 1011 CFU/g and 10 mg/g, respectively [16]. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) obtained from a local commercial hatchery with an average body weight of 43.96 ± 0.05 g were randomly allotted to one of three treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six birds each. Broilers were reared in stainless-steel, temperature- controlled cages (190 cm × 50 cm × 35 cm). Animals 2021, 11, 1245 3 of 17 The treatments consisted of (1) basal diet without treatment (NC), (2) basal diet plus coccidial challenge (PC), and (3) basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The experimental diets were formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of birds according to National Research Council recommendations (Nutrient Requirements for Poultry, 1994, Table1). In the FP group, the soybean meal in the basal diet was replaced with fermented products equally. No coccidiostats and antibiotics were included in the diets. The broilers were on the test diets from 1 to 35 days of age. The feeding program had two phases that spanned days 1–20 and days 21–35.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bacillus Cereus Group Species
    The ISME Journal (2020) 14:2997–3010 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0728-x ARTICLE Unique inducible filamentous motility identified in pathogenic Bacillus cereus group species 1 1 1 1 1 2 Martha M. Liu ● Shannon Coleman ● Lauren Wilkinson ● Maren L. Smith ● Thomas Hoang ● Naomi Niyah ● 2 3 3 2 1 Manjari Mukherjee ● Steven Huynh ● Craig T. Parker ● Jasna Kovac ● Robert E. W. Hancock ● Erin C. Gaynor 1 Received: 6 January 2020 / Revised: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 / Published online: 7 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Active migration across semi-solid surfaces is important for bacterial success by facilitating colonization of unoccupied niches and is often associated with altered virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. We isolated an atmospheric contaminant, subsequently identified as a new strain of Bacillus mobilis, which showed a unique, robust, rapid, and inducible filamentous surface motility. This flagella-independent migration was characterized by formation of elongated cells at the expanding edge and was induced when cells were inoculated onto lawns of metabolically inactive Campylobacter jejuni 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: cells, autoclaved bacterial biomass, adsorbed milk, and adsorbed blood atop hard agar plates. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), bacterial membrane components, and sterile human fecal extracts were also sufficient to induce filamentous expansion. Screening of eight other Bacillus spp. showed that filamentous motility was conserved amongst B. cereus group species to varying degrees. RNA-Seq of elongated expanding cells collected from adsorbed milk and PC lawns versus control rod- shaped cells revealed dysregulation of genes involved in metabolism and membrane transport, sporulation, quorum sensing, antibiotic synthesis, and virulence (e.g., hblA/B/C/D and plcR).
    [Show full text]
  • GRAS Notice 975, Maltogenic Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Preparation
    GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 975 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory novozyme~ Rethink Tomorrow A Maltogenic Alpha-Amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Produced by Bacillus licheniformis Janet Oesterling, Regulatory Affairs, Novozymes North America, Inc., USA October 2020 novozyme~ Reth in k Tomorrow PART 2 - IDENTITY, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, SPECIFICATIONS AND PHYSICAL OR TECHNICAL EFFECT OF THE NOTIFIED SUBSTANCE ..................................................................... 4 2.1 IDENTITY OF THE NOTIFIED SUBSTANCE ................................................................................ 4 2.2 IDENTITY OF THE SOURCE ......................................................................................................... 4 2.2(a) Production Strain .................................................................................................. 4 2.2(b) Recipient Strain ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2(c) Maltogenic Alpha-Amylase Expression Plasmid ................................................... 5 2.2(d) Construction of the Recombinant Microorganism ................................................. 5 2.2(e) Stability of the Introduced Genetic Sequences .................................................... 5 2.2(f) Antibiotic Resistance Gene .................................................................................. 5 2.2(g) Absence of Production Organism in Product ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Bacillus Licheniformis-Fermented Products
    animals Article The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome on Litter Performance Traits, Milk Composition, and Fecal Microbiota in Sows Yu-Hsiang Yu , Ting-Yu Hsu, Wei-Jung Chen, Yi-Bing Horng and Yeong-Hsiang Cheng * Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-H.Y.); [email protected] (T.-Y.H.); [email protected] (W.-J.C.); [email protected] (Y.-B.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-3-931-7712 Received: 6 October 2020; Accepted: 4 November 2020; Published: 5 November 2020 Simple Summary: Supplementation of probiotics can shape the gut microbiota of sows and further influence their offspring’s gut microbiota. Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is a common disease in sows worldwide. Sows with PDS have depressed milk production and increased piglet mortality. The bacterial pathogen is an important factor in the etiology of PDS. Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) containing probiotics and antimicrobial substances can prevent disease and improve growth performance in broilers and weaning piglets. However, little is known about the effect of BLFP, PDS, and interaction on litter performance traits, milk composition, and fecal microbiota in sows. In this study, the effects of BLFP and PDS on sows were evaluated. Results show that BLFP supplementation in the diet of sows improves the piglet body weight at weaning. Dietary supplementation of BLFP or PDS differentially regulates the fecal microbiota of sows. Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) on litter performance traits, milk composition, and fecal microbiota in sows in a commercial farrow to finish pig farm.
    [Show full text]
  • 41653410006.Pdf
    Acta Universitaria ISSN: 0188-6266 [email protected] Universidad de Guanajuato México Morales-Barrón, Bruce Manuel; Vázquez-González, Francisco J.; González-Fernández, Raquel; De La Mora-Covarrubias, Antonio; Quiñonez-Martínez, Miroslava; Díaz-Sánchez, Ángel Gabriel; Martínez-Martínez, Alejandro; Nevárez-Moorillón, Virginia; Valero-Galván, José Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de cepas del orden bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre hongos fitopatógenos Acta Universitaria, vol. 27, núm. 5, septiembre-octubre, 2017, pp. 44-54 Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=41653410006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0188-6266 doi: 10.15174/au.2017.1313 Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de cepas del orden bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre hongos fitopatógenos Evaluation of antagonist capacity of bacillales strains isolated from vermicompost leachate on phytopatogenic fungi Bruce Manuel Morales-Barrón*, Francisco J. Vázquez-González*, Raquel González-Fernández*, Antonio De La Mora-Covarrubias*, Miroslava Quiñonez-Martínez*, Ángel Gabriel Díaz-Sánchez*, Alejandro Martínez-Martínez*, Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón**, José Valero-Galván*◊ RESUMEN El orden Bacillales se ha descrito como antagónico de fitopatógenos, además se ha mencionado en varios estudios algunas especies de este orden se encuentra en lixiviados de lombricomposta. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto antagónico de cinco cepas del orden Bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre el crecimiento micelial de Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, y Rhizopus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Licheniformis Normalize the Ileum Microbiota of Chickens
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bacillus licheniformis normalize the ileum microbiota of chickens infected with necrotic enteritis Received: 31 October 2016 Shuai Xu1,2, Yicen Lin1,2, Dong Zeng1,2, Mengjia Zhou1,2, Yan Zeng1,2, Hesong Wang1,2, Accepted: 12 January 2018 Yi Zhou1,2, Hui Zhu1,2, Kangcheng Pan1, Bo Jing1 & Xueqin Ni1,2 Published: xx xx xxxx Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a severe intestinal disease, which can change gut microbiota and result in a high cost for the poultry industry worldwide. However, little is known regarding how the gut microbiota of NE chicken ileum are changed by Bacillus licheniformis. This study was conducted to investigate how ileum microbiota structure was changed by B. licheniformis in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced NE through Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The broilers were randomly separated into four groups: the negative control group (NC), the positive control group (PC), the fshmeal and coccidia group (FC), and the PC group supplied with feed containing B. licheniformis (BL). Compared to the PC and FC, alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the bacterial taxa of the ileum microbiota were more similar in BL and NC. Some genera, which were related to the NE control, became insignifcant in BL with NC, such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Helicobacter. The PICRUSt analysis revealed that a tumour suppressor gene, p53, which was negatively correlated with Helicobacter, was enriched in the BL group. Our fndings showed that the ileum microbiota disorder caused by NE in chickens was normalized by dietary B. licheniformis supplementation. Necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, which was frst reported by Parish in 19611, is a common illness caused by Clostridium perfringens2.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Bacillus Licheniformis in Avian Plumage
    J. Field Ornithol. 76(3):264±270, 2005 Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus licheniformis in avian plumage Justine M. Whitaker,1 Daniel A. Cristol and Mark H. Forsyth Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795 USA Received 28 May 2004; accepted 30 November 2004 ABSTRACT. Bacillus licheniformis, a soil bacterium capable of degrading the b-keratin in feathers, is present in the plumage of some wild-caught birds, but the published carriage rate is quite low. Microbial degradation could be a selective agent leading to the evolution of molt and plumage pigmentation, but we hypothesized that for B. licheniformis to have played an important role in avian evolution, it is likely to occur more widely in bird populations than previously reported. We sampled the plumage of 461 wild-caught birds of eight species. We designed a selective and differential culture method to isolate bacteria with the potential to degrade feathers. Putative feather-degrading bacteria were isolated from 21±59% of the individuals of each of the species tested, for an average carriage rate of 39%. 16S rRNA (rrnA) sequencing of 98 of these bacterial isolates indicated that 69% were Bacillus lichenformis, suggesting that the prevalence of this feather-degrading bacterium is 4 3 higher than previously reported. We also hypothesized that interspeci®c variation in avian plumage, behavior, and habitat may have led to the evolution of host-speci®c B. licheniformis strains. Fingerprinting of B. licheniformis isolated from Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) and Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) using REP-PCR demonstrated that for nine owls, one individual carried four different strains and eight individuals carried only one strain.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Classification of Known and Putative Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by a Wide Variety of Bacillales Species Xin Zhao1,2 and Oscar P
    Zhao and Kuipers BMC Genomics (2016) 17:882 DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-3224-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identification and classification of known and putative antimicrobial compounds produced by a wide variety of Bacillales species Xin Zhao1,2 and Oscar P. Kuipers1* Abstract Background: Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillales are important producers of antimicrobial compounds that might be utilized for medical, food or agricultural applications. Thanks to the wide availability of whole genome sequence data and the development of specific genome mining tools, novel antimicrobial compounds, either ribosomally- or non-ribosomally produced, of various Bacillales species can be predicted and classified. Here, we provide a classification scheme of known and putative antimicrobial compounds in the specific context of Bacillales species. Results: We identify and describe known and putative bacteriocins, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs) and other antimicrobials from 328 whole-genome sequenced strains of 57 species of Bacillales by using web based genome-mining prediction tools. We provide a classification scheme for these bacteriocins, update the findings of NRPs and PKs and investigate their characteristics and suitability for biocontrol by describing per class their genetic organization and structure. Moreover, we highlight the potential of several known and novel antimicrobials from various species of Bacillales. Conclusions: Our extended classification of antimicrobial compounds demonstrates that Bacillales provide a rich source of novel antimicrobials that can now readily be tapped experimentally, since many new gene clusters are identified. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Bacillales, Bacillus, Genome-mining, Lanthipeptides, Sactipeptides, Thiopeptides, NRPs, PKs Background (bacteriocins) [4], as well as non-ribosomally synthesized Most of the species of the genus Bacillus and related peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs) [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Heavy Ion Particle Irradiation on Spore Germination of Bacillus
    life Article Effects of Heavy Ion Particle Irradiation on Spore Germination of Bacillus spp. from Extremely Hot and Cold Environments Vincenzo Zammuto 1 , Maria G. Rizzo 1,*, Laura M. De Plano 1, Domenico Franco 1 , Salvatore Guglielmino 1, Maria T. Caccamo 2 , Salvatore Magazù 2, Akira Fujimori 3, Angelina Lo Giudice 4 , Mauro Guglielmin 5, Kevin Roderick McAlpin 6,7, Ralf Moeller 6,7 and Concetta Gugliandolo 1 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (V.Z.); [email protected] (L.M.D.P.); [email protected] (D.F.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (C.G.) 2 Department of Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (M.T.C.); [email protected] (S.M.) 3 Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, NIRS/QST, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; [email protected] 4 Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] 6 Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center, Aerospace Microbiology, DLR, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Cologne/Köln, Germany; [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (K.R.M.) 7 Natural Sciences Department, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (BRSU), D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 October 2020; Accepted: 28 October 2020; Published: 30 October 2020 Abstract: Extremophiles are optimal models in experimentally addressing questions about the effects of cosmic radiation on biological systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Deciphering the Diversity of Culturable Thermotolerant Bacteria from Manikaran Hot Springs
    Ann Microbiol (2014) 64:741–751 DOI 10.1007/s13213-013-0709-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Deciphering the diversity of culturable thermotolerant bacteria from Manikaran hot springs Murugan Kumar & Ajar Nath Yadav & Rameshwar Tiwari & Radha Prasanna & Anil Kumar Saxena Received: 25 February 2013 /Accepted: 1 August 2013 /Published online: 24 August 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2013 Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze and charac- Introduction terize the diversity of culturable thermotolerant bacteria in Manikaran hot springs. A total of 235 isolates were obtained Exotic niches, such as thermal springs, harbor populations of employing different media, and screened for temperature tol- microorganisms that can be a source of commercially impor- erance (40 °C–70 °C). A set of 85 isolates tolerant to 45 °C or tant products like enzymes, sugars, compatible solutes and above were placed in 42 phylogenetic clusters after amplified antibiotics (Satyanarayana et al. 2005). Thermal springs are a ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (16S rRNA-ARDRA). manifestation of geological activity and represent aquatic Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 42 representative iso- microcosms that are produced by the emergence of geother- lates followed by BLAST search revealed that the majority of mally heated groundwater from the Earth’s crust. Prokaryotes isolates belonged to Firmicutes, followed by equal represen- are the major component of most ecosystems, being ubiqui- tation of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Screening of rep- tous in nature because of their small size, easy dispersal, resentative isolates (42 ARDRA phylotypes) for amylase metabolic versatility, ability to utilize a broad range of nutri- activity revealed that 26 % of the isolates were positive, while ents, and tolerance to unfavorable and extreme conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Combination of Bacillus Licheniformis and Salinomycin: Effect on the Growth Performance and GIT Microbial Populations of Broiler Chickens
    animals Article Combination of Bacillus licheniformis and Salinomycin: Effect on the Growth Performance and GIT Microbial Populations of Broiler Chickens Jacek Trela 1, Bartosz Kiero ´nczyk 2,* , Veerle Hautekiet 3 and Damian Józefiak 2 1 Huvepharma Poland Sp. z.o.o., ul. Aleje Jerozolimskie 146D, 02-305 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Animal Nutrition, Pozna´nUniversity of Life Sciences, Woły´nska33, 60-637 Pozna´n,Poland; damian.jozefi[email protected] 3 Huvepharma NV, Uitbreidingstraat 80, 2600 Antwerp, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-618-487-222 Received: 15 April 2020; Accepted: 17 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Simple Summary: The beneficial effects of Bacillus spp. probiotic preparations used for poultry are well-documented and characterized by growth performance improvement and positive modulation of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota. Moreover, the favorable influence of salinomycin has been frequently studied as an ionophore coccidiostat, as well as an antimicrobial agent. However, limited data are available in terms of the parallel usage of both Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710 and salinomycin in poultry diets. From a practical point of view, evaluating the potential interactions between this species and agent is crucial to assess their parallel usage, and the current study confirmed the positive effect of their mixture on the modulation of pH value in the crop and ceca, as well as the GIT microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ceca. Additionally, the results obtained in this study show positive effects of B. licheniformis on the growth performance, as well as the influence of both experimental factors used separately in the case of GIT microbiota modulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Biofilm Formation by B. Licheniformis Isolated from Whey Protein Concentrate 80 Powder on Two Different Media and Surfaces
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Biofilm formation by B. licheniformis isolated from whey protein concentrate 80 powder as a potential source of product contamination A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand Siti Norbaizura binti Md Zain 2018 ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine biofilm formation of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from whey protein concentrate 80 (WPC80) as a potential source of contamination in the manufacture of WPC. Six WPC80 powder samples from one whey processing plant in New Zealand were used in this study. Six Bacillus species including (percentage of isolates in brackets) B. licheniformis (66%), Bacillus cereus/Bacillus thuringiensis (18%), Bacillus subtilis (4%), Bacillus pumilus (4%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus (2%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (6%) were identified using colony morphologies, biochemical tests, species specific PCR and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and subsequent analysis using the BLAST and Seqmatch databases. Preliminary screening for biofilm formation by the predominant contaminant, B. licheniformis using a microtitre plate assay with the bacteria grown in laboratory medium tryptic soy broth (TSB) at three different temperatures (30°C, 37°C and 55°C) showed most biofilm formation at 37°C with 9/33 isolates forming strong biofilm. In total 13/33 isolates formed strong biofilm at three different temperatures on the polystyrene microtitre plate surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluación De La Capacidad Antagónica De Cepas Del Orden
    ISSN 0188-6266 doi: 10.15174/au.2017.1313 Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de cepas del orden bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre hongos fitopatógenos Evaluation of antagonist capacity of bacillales strains isolated from vermicompost leachate on phytopatogenic fungi Bruce Manuel Morales-Barrón*, Francisco J. Vázquez-González*, Raquel González-Fernández*, Antonio De La Mora-Covarrubias*, Miroslava Quiñonez-Martínez*, Ángel Gabriel Díaz-Sánchez*, Alejandro Martínez-Martínez*, Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón**, José Valero-Galván*◊ RESUMEN El orden Bacillales se ha descrito como antagónico de fitopatógenos, además se ha mencionado en varios estudios algunas especies de este orden se encuentra en lixiviados de lombricomposta. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto antagónico de cinco cepas del orden Bacillales aisladas de lixiviados de lombricomposta sobre el crecimiento micelial de Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, y Rhizopus sp. Se aislaron e identificaron cinco cepas bacterianas por características morfológicas y bioquímicas de los lixiviados de lombricomposta, las cuales junto con Bacillus subtilis “tipo” se determinó el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial, siendoBacillus licheniformis y B. badius las que mostraron los mejores resultados sobre los cinco hongos fitopatógenos evaluados. Estos resultados demuestran la presencia de cepas el orden Bacillales en los lixiviados de lombricomposta, así como su efecto antagónico de diversos hongos fitopatógenos. ABSTRACT The Bacillales order has been reported to exhibit an antagonistic activity toward some phytopathogens. In addition, several studies have mentioned the presence of some spe- cies of this order in the vermicompost leachate. In the present study , the antagonistic effect of five Bacillales strains on the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani and Rhizopus sp.
    [Show full text]