1900s October 16, 1901: Most Southerners Believe that Booker T. Washington’s Dinner at the White House Is Scandalous...... 1 1904: Theodore Roosevelt Is Accused of Accepting Corporate Funds ...... 5 January 23, 1904: Senator Joseph R. Burton Is Convicted of Bribery ...... 8 December, 1904: Boston Alderman Is Reelected While in Jail for Fraud...... 11 March 2, 1906: Psychoanalyst Ernest Jones Is Accused of Molesting Mentally Disabled Children ...... 14 June 25, 1906: Millionaire Heir Murders Architect Stanford White...... 18 July 12, 1906: French Court Declares Alfred Dreyfus Innocent of Treason...... 22 December 8, 1906: Former U.S. Senator Arthur Brown Is Murdered by Lover...... 25 1907: Elinor Glyn’s Novel Three Weeks Shocks Readers...... 28 June 13, 1907: San Francisco Mayor Schmitz Is Found Guilty of Extortion ...... 31 November 15, 1908: Belgium Confiscates Congo Free State from King Leopold II ...... 34 1910s 1910: Nobelist Marie Curie Has Affair with Physicist Paul Langevin ...... 39 March 25, 1911: Nearly 150 Workers Die in Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire ...... 42 January, 1913: British Prime Minister’s Staff Is Investigated for Insider Trading ...... 46 January 13, 1913: Federal Judge Is Impeached for Profiting from His Office ...... 49 February 17-March 15, 1913: Armory Modern Art Show Scandalizes the Public ...... 52 May 13, 1913: Boxer Jack Johnson Is Imprisoned for Abetting Prostitution ...... 55 April 2, 1915: Players Fix Liverpool-Manchester United Soccer Match ...... 58 May, 1915: British Government Falls Because of Munitions Shortages and Military Setbacks...... 61 1919-1920: Ponzi Schemes Are Revealed as Investment Frauds ...... 63 September 21, 1919: White Sox Players Conspire to Lose World Series in “Black Sox” Scandal...... 66 1920s July 19, 1921: U.S. Senate Rebukes Navy in Homosexuality Investigation...... 71 March 26, 1922: Hindemith’s Opera Sancta Susanna Depicts a Nun’s Sexual Desires ...... 74 April 12, 1922: Film Star Fatty Arbuckle Is Acquitted of Manslaughter ...... 77 June 22, 1922: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George Is Accused of Selling Honors...... 81 January 18, 1923: Actor Wallace Reid’s Death in Drug Rehab Shakes Film Industry ...... 84 March 2, 1923: U.S. Senate Investigates Veterans Bureau Chief for Fraud ...... 87 May 30, 1923: U.S. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty’s Aide Commits Suicide...... 90 October 22, 1923: U.S. Senate Begins Hearings on Teapot Dome Oil Leases ...... 93 May 12, 1924: Kentucky Congressman John W. Langley Is Convicted of Violating the Volstead Act ...... 98 October 25, 1924: Forged Communist Letter Brings Down British Government...... 101 July, 1925: Nosferatu Is Found to Have Violated Dracula Copyright ...... 104 May-June, 1926: Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson Claims She Was Kidnapped ...... 107 December 26, 1926: Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker Are Accused of Fixing Baseball Games ...... 111 1927: Mae West’s Play About Gays Is Banned on Broadway ...... 114 1928-1929: Actor Is Suspected of Falsely Claiming to Be an American Indian ...... 117 March 21, 1928: Alberta Government Sterilizes Thousands Deemed Genetically and Mentally Unfit ...... 120

v Table of Contents MODERN SCANDALS

June 6, 1929: Luis Buñuel’s Un Chien Andalou Shocks Parisian Audience ...... 123 November, 1929: Banque Oustric et Cie Failure Prompts French Inquiry ...... 126 1930s 1930: Liberia Is Accused of Selling Its Own Citizens into Slavery ...... 129 May, 1930: Postmaster’s Division of Airmail Routes Creates a Scandal ...... 132 December 3, 1930: Surrealist Film L’Âge D’or Provokes French Rioting ...... 135 March 30, 1931: “Scottsboro Boys” Are Railroaded Through Rape Trials ...... 138 1932: Insull Utilities Trusts Collapse Prompts New Federal Regulation ...... 141 July 28, 1932: U.S. Troops Drive World War I Veterans from Washington ...... 144 March 31, 1933: New York Times Reporter Denies Reports of a Soviet Famine ...... 147 January 8, 1934-January 17, 1936: Stavisky’s Fraudulent Schemes Rock French Government...... 150 May 16, 1934: General Douglas MacArthur Sues Newspaper Columnist for Libel...... 153 July 10, 1934: Sex Scandal Forces Resignation of Alberta Premier Brownlee...... 156 December 16, 1935: Film Star Thelma Todd’s Death Cannot Be Explained ...... 159 May 20, 1936: British Cabinet Member Resigns After Budget Information Leak ...... 162 Summer, 1936: Film Star Mary Astor’s Diary Becomes a Public Sensation ...... 165 December 10, 1936: King Edward VIII Abdicates to Marry an American Divorcée ...... 168 March 17, 1937: Atherton Report Exposes San Francisco Police Corruption ...... 171 September-October, 1937: Prescription Elixir Causes More than One Hundred Deaths ...... 173 October 11-22, 1937: Duke and Duchess of Windsor Visit Nazi Germany ...... 176 May 22, 1939: Kansas City’s Boss Pendergast Pleads Guilty to Income Tax Evasion ...... 179 1940s February 19, 1942: President Roosevelt Orders Internment of Japanese Americans ...... 183 April 22, 1942: French Prime Minister Pierre Laval Wants Germany to Win World War II ...... 187 December 5, 1942: Industrialist Charles Bedaux Is Arrested for Nazi Collaboration ...... 190 January 14, 1943: Film Star Frances Farmer Is Jailed and Institutionalized...... 193 February 23, 1943: Irish Orphan School Fire Kills Thirty-five Girls ...... 196 April 19, 1945: In a Paternity Lawsuit, a Jury concludes that Actor Charlie Chaplin Is the Biological Father ...... 199 June 5, 1944: Australian Poets Claim Responsibility for a Literary Hoax ...... 203 May 9, 1945: Norwegian Politician Quisling Is Arrested for Nazi Collaboration ...... 206 May 26, 1945: Norwegian Writer Knut Hamsun Is Arrested for Treason ...... 209 August 14, 1945: French War Hero Pétain Is Convicted of Nazi Collaboration ...... 212 December 14, 1945: Poet Ezra Pound Is Charged with Treason and Institutionalized ...... 215 Spring, 1947: Baseball Manager Leo Durocher Is Suspended for Gambling Ties ...... 218 July 5, 1948: Actor Carole Landis Commits Suicide During Affair with Rex Harrison...... 221 August 4, 1948: Columnist Drew Pearson Exposes Congressman’s Corruption ...... 224 August 31, 1948: Film Star Robert Mitchum Is Arrested for Drug Possession ...... 227 May 27, 1949: Actor Rita Hayworth Marries Aly Khan After Adulterous Affair ...... 230 August 26, 1949: Viet Minh Broadcasts French General’s Damaging Report ...... 233 1950s January 21, 1950: Alger Hiss Is Convicted of Perjury ...... 235 February 7, 1950: Swedish Film Star Ingrid Bergman Has a Child Out of Wedlock ...... 238 February 9, 1950: U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy Launches Communist Witch Hunt...... 241 May 3, 1950: U.S. Senate Committee Begins Investigating Organized Crime...... 245 January 17, 1951: College Basketball Players Begin Shaving Points for Money ...... 248 July 16, 1951: Belgium’s Disgraced King Leopold III Abdicates ...... 251 November 16, 1951: Federal Tax Official Resigns After Accepting Bribes...... 254 September 19, 1952: Actor Charles Chaplin Cannot Reenter the United States...... 257 September 23, 1952: Richard Nixon Denies Taking Illegal Campaign Contributions ...... 260 vi MODERN SCANDALS Table of Contents

November 21, 1953: Piltdown Man Is Revealed to Be a Hoax...... 263 Late 1955: British Atrocities in Kenya’s Mau Mau Rebellion Are Revealed ...... 266 1956-1962: Prescription Thalidomide Causes Widespread Birth Disorders...... 269 March 9, 1956: British Conductor-Composer Is Arrested for Possessing Pornography ...... 272 June, 1956: George F. Kennan Proves Russian Sisson Documents Are Fakes ...... 275 June 25, 1956: President Truman’s Appointments Secretary Is Convicted of Tax Conspiracy...... 278 April 4, 1958: Actor Lana Turner’s Daughter Kills Turner’s Gangster Lover ...... 281 September 22, 1958: President Eisenhower’s Chief of Staff Resigns for Influence Selling ...... 285 May, 1959: Teamsters Leader Dave Beck Is Convicted of Tax Fraud ...... 288 November 2, 1959: Charles Van Doren Admits to Being Fed Answers on Television Quiz Show ...... 291 1960s February 7, 1960: President Kennedy’s Romantic Affair Links Him to Organized Crime...... 295 February 8, 1960: U.S. Congress Investigates Payola in Pop Music Industry ...... 298 March 14, 1960: FCC Chairman John C. Doerfer Resigns for Accepting Gifts from Networks ...... 301 July, 1961: Psychologist Stanley Milgram Begins Obedience-to-Authority Experiments ...... 303 March 29, 1962: Billie Sol Estes Is Arrested for Corporate Fraud ...... 306 May 19, 1962: Marilyn Monroe Sings “Happy Birthday, Mr. President”...... 309 September 12, 1962: British Civil Servant Is Arrested for Spying ...... 312 October 26, 1962: West German Police Raid Der Spiegel Magazine Offices...... 315 February 23, 1963: Play Accuses Pope Pius XII of Complicity in the Holocaust ...... 318 March 2-September 25, 1963: John Profumo Affair Rocks British Government ...... 320 August 14, 1963: Madame Nhu Derides Self-Immolation of Vietnamese Buddhists ...... 323 October 7, 1963: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson Aide Resigns over Crime Connections ...... 326 March 13, 1964: Kitty Genovese Dies as Her Cries for Help Are Ignored...... 329 October 7, 1964: President Lyndon Johnson’s Aide Is Arrested in a Gay-Sex Sting ...... 332 October 29, 1965: Moroccan Politician Mehdi Ben Barka Disappears in Paris ...... 335 March 4, 1966: Munsinger Sex and Spy Scandal Rocks Canada ...... 338 March 1, 1967: Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Is Excluded from Congress...... 341 June 23, 1967: Senator Thomas J. Dodd Is Censured for Misappropriating Funds ...... 344 November 28, 1967: Investor Louis Wolfson Is Convicted of Selling Stock Illegally ...... 347 May 9, 1969: Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas Is Accused of Bribery ...... 350 July 18, 1969: Senator Edward Kennedy’s Driving Accident Kills Mary Jo Kopechne...... 353 Fall, 1969-Winter, 1971: Japanese Baseball Players Are Implicated in Game Fixing ...... 356 November 13, 1969: American Massacre of Vietnamese Civilians at My Lai Is Revealed ...... 359 December 30, 1969: United Mine Workers Leader Joseph Yablonski Is Murdered ...... 362

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Volume 2

1970s May 4, 1970: National Guardsmen Kill Protesting Kent State Students...... 365 May 28, 1970: Irish Politicians Are Tried for Conspiring to Import Weapons...... 368 June 13, 1971: New York Times Publishes the Pentagon Papers ...... 371 August 20, 1971: Abusive Role-Playing Ends Stanford Prison Experiment...... 375 January 28, 1972: Clifford Irving Admits Faking Howard Hughes Memoirs...... 378 June 17, 1972-August 9, 1974: Watergate Break-in Leads to President Nixon’s Resignation ...... 381 June 22, 1972: Police Arrest Architect John Poulson for Bribery and Fraud ...... 386 July 8-22, 1972: Jane Fonda’s Visit to North Vietnam Outrages Many Americans ...... 389 July 25, 1972: Newspaper Breaks Story of Abuses in Tuskegee Syphilis Study ...... 392 July 31, 1972: Thomas F. Eagleton Withdraws from Vice Presidential Race ...... 396 October 10, 1973: Spiro T. Agnew Resigns Vice Presidency in Disgrace ...... 399 February 4, 1974 - September 28, 1975: Kidnapped Heir Patty Hearst Cooperates with a Terrorist Organization ...... 402 May 20, 1974: French Cardinal Daniélou Dies in a Prostitute’s House ...... 406 Summer, 1974: Dalkon Shield Contraceptive Is Removed from the Market ...... 409 October 25, 1974: Evangelist Billy James Hargis Resigns College Presidency During Gay-Sex Scandal...... 412 November 20, 1974: British Politician John Stonehouse Fakes His Suicide ...... 414 February 3, 1975: Honduras’s “Bananagate” Bribery Scandal Leads to Executive’s Suicide ...... 417 October 31, 1975: Buddhist Teacher Orders His Students to Remove Their Clothes...... 420 1976: Peace Corps Conceals Murder of Volunteer in Tonga ...... 423 1976-1977: U.S. Congress Members Are Implicated in Koreagate Scandal ...... 425 February 4, 1976: Lockheed Is Implicated in Bribing Foreign Officials ...... 428 April 4, 1976: West Point Cadets Are Caught Cheating on Exams ...... 431 May 23, 1976: Washington Post Exposes Congressman Wayne L. Hays’s Affair ...... 435 October 4, 1976: Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz Resigns After Making Obscene Joke ...... 438 November 9, 1976: German Generals Must Retire for Supporting a Neo-Nazi Pilot ...... 441 February 25, 1977: Film Producer David Begelman Is Found to Have Forged Checks ...... 444 September 21, 1977: Carter Cabinet Member Resigns over Ethics Violations...... 446 September 23, 1977: Horse-Swapping Fraud Upsets Belmont Park Raceway ...... 449 1978: Actor Joan Crawford’s Daughter Publishes Damning Memoir Mommie Dearest...... 452 1978: Roots Author Alex Haley Is Sued for Plagiarism ...... 455 February 1, 1978: Roman Polanski Flees the United States after Raping a 13-Year-Old Girl ...... 458 June 27, 1978: Evangelist Herbert W. Armstrong Excommunicates His Own Son ...... 463 July 23, 1978: Utah Millionaire Is Murdered by His Grandson ...... 466 August 4, 1978: British Politician Jeremy Thorpe Is Charged with Attempted Murder ...... 468 October 20, 1978: Firestone Recalls Millions of Defective Car Tires ...... 471 January 26, 1979: Former Vice President Nelson Rockefeller Dies Mysteriously ...... 474 April 18, 1979: Actor Lee Marvin Is Ordered to Pay Palimony to Former Lover ...... 477 June 4, 1979: South African President B. J. Vorster Resigns in Muldergate Scandal...... 480 September 26, 1979: Love Canal Residents Sue Chemical Company ...... 483 October 10, 1979: French President Giscard d’Estaing Is Accused of Taking a Bribe...... 487 October 11, 1979: Senate Denounces Herman E. Talmadge for Money Laundering ...... 490 Nov. 29, 1979, and Jan. 31, 1983: Baseball Commissioner Suspends Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays for Casino Ties . . 493 1980s 1980: Biographer Claims Actor Errol Flynn Was a Nazi Spy ...... 497 February 2, 1980: Media Uncover FBI Sting Implicating Dozens of Lawmakers ...... 500 April 27, 1980: Mobster’s Arrest Reveals Point Shaving by Boston College Basketball Players ...... 503 Late July, 1980: President’s Brother Billy Carter Registers as a Paid Agent for Libya ...... 506 July 28, 1980: Magazine Reveals Baseball Star Steve Garvey’s Marital Problems ...... 509 viii MODERN SCANDALS Table of Contents

September 3, 1980: Congressman Bauman Is Arrested for Liaison with Teenage Boy ...... 512 October 9, 1980: Bendix Executive Resigns amid Rumors of a Sexual Affair...... 515 December 7, 1980: Rita Jenrette’s “Diary of a Mad Congresswife” Scandalizes Washington ...... 518 April 15, 1981: Janet Cooke Admits Fabricating Her Pulitzer Prize-Winning Feature ...... 521 May 23, 1981: Italian Justice Minister Resigns Because of Crime Connection ...... 524 May 29, 1981: Court finds that Ford ignored Pinto’s Safety Problems ...... 527 September 10, 1981: Chicago Sun-Times Reports That Cardinal Cody Diverted Church Funds ...... 530 May 11, 1982: Philippine President Marcos Forces the Entire Supreme Court to Resign ...... 533 August 6, 1982: Banco Ambrosiano Collapses Amid Criminal Accusations ...... 536 October 19, 1982: Car Manufacturer John De Lorean Is Arrested in a Drug Sting ...... 539 December 16, 1982: Congress Cites Environmental Protection Agency Chief for Contempt ...... 542 April 25, 1983: German Magazine Publishes Faked Hitler Diaries ...... 545 July 20, 1983: Congress Members Censured in House-Page Sex Scandal ...... 548 August 12, 1983-July 27, 1990: McMartin Preschool Is Embroiled in Child-Abuse Case...... 551 August 21, 1983: Filipino Opposition Leader Aquino Is Assassinated on Return Home ...... 555 January 25, 1984: Jesse Jackson Calls New York City “Hymietown” ...... 558 May 2, 1984: E. F. Hutton Executives Plead Guilty to Fraud...... 561 July 23, 1984: Vanessa Williams Is the First Miss America to Resign ...... 563 December 22, 1984: Subway Vigilante Bernhard Goetz Shoots Four Black Youths ...... 566 1985-1986: Westland Affair Shakes Prime Minister Thatcher’s Government ...... 570 May 7, 1985: Banker Jake Butcher Pleads Guilty to Fraud ...... 573 July 10, 1985: French Secret Service Sinks the Greenpeace Ship Rainbow Warrior ...... 576 August 19, 1985: West German Counterintelligence Chief Defects to East Germany ...... 579 September 17, 1985: Media Allege Canadian Officials Allowed Sale of Rancid Tuna ...... 582 October 23, 1985: Guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh Is Indicted for Immigration Fraud ...... 585 February 28, 1986: Baseball Commissioner Peter Ueberroth Suspends Players for Cocaine Use ...... 589 March 3, 1986: Former U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim’s Nazi Past Is Revealed...... 592 April 22, 1986: Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud ...... 595 November 13, 1986-May 4, 1989: Iran-Contra Weapons Scandal Taints Reagan’s Administration...... 598 January 12 and May 11, 1987: Media Reports Spark Investigation of Australian Police Corruption...... 603 February 25, 1987: NCAA Imposes “Death Penalty” on Southern Methodist University Football ...... 606 March 19, 1987: Jim Bakker Resigns as Head of PTL Television Network ...... 609 April 9, 1987: Bess Myerson Resigns as New York Commissioner of Cultural Affairs...... 612 July 25, 1987: Novelist-Politician Jeffrey Archer Wins Libel Trial Against the Daily Star ...... 615 September 23, 1987: Plagiarism Charges End Joe Biden’s Presidential Campaign ...... 618 December 1, 1987: Yale Scholar’s Wartime Anti-Semitic Writings Are Revealed...... 622 January 15, 1988: ZZZZ Best Founder Is Indicted on Federal Fraud Charges ...... 625 February 21, 1988: Evangelist Jimmy Swaggart Tearfully Confesses His Adultery ...... 628 June, 1988-June, 1989: Insider-Trading Scandal Rocks Japanese Government ...... 631 September 19, 1988: Stephen Breuning Pleads Guilty to Medical Research Fraud ...... 634 March 23, 1989: Scientists’ “Cold Fusion” Claims Cannot Be Verified...... 637 March 29, 1989: Financier Michael Milken Is Indicted for Racketeering and Fraud ...... 640 May 31, 1989: Speaker of the House Jim Wright Resigns in Ethics Scandal ...... 643 August 10, 1989: Japanese Prime Minister Sosuke Resigns After Affair with a Geisha ...... 646 August 24, 1989: Pete Rose Is Banned from Baseball for Betting on Games...... 649 December 3, 1989: Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, Doctoral-Thesis Plagiarism Is Revealed ...... 652 December 15-25, 1989: Harassment of a Christian Minister Sparks the Romanian Revolution...... 655 December 18, 1989: Prince Charles’s Intimate Phone Conversation with Camilla Parker Bowles Is Taped ...... 659 1990s January 18, 1990: Washington, D.C. Mayor Marion Barry Is Arrested for Drug Use ...... 663 March, 1990: Menendez Brothers Are Arrested for Murdering Their Parents ...... 666

ix Table of Contents MODERN SCANDALS

August 27, 1990: Guinness Four Are Found Guilty of Share-Trading Fraud...... 669 November 19, 1990: Lip-Synching Duo Milli Vanilli Lose Grammy Award ...... 672 April 5, 1991: George W. Bush Is Investigated for Insider Trading ...... 675 October 11-13, 1991: Justice Clarence Thomas’s Confirmation Hearings Create a Scandal ...... 678 January 13, 1992: Woody Allen Has Affair with Lover Mia Farrow’s Adopted Daughter...... 682 February 1992, ongoing: Historians’ Report on Rape of German Women by World War II Allied Soldiers ...... 685 April 15, 1992: Hotel Tycoon Leona Helmsley Enters Prison for Tax Evasion ...... 690 May 6, 1992: Irish Bishop Eamonn Casey’s Romantic Affair Leads to His Resignation ...... 693 May 19, 1992: Amy Fisher Shoots Mary Jo Buttafuoco...... 695 June 26, 1992: U.S. Navy Secretary Resigns in the Wake of Tailhook Sexual Assault Scandal ...... 698 August 23, 1992: Princess Diana’s Phone Conversation with Her Lover Is Made Public ...... 702 September 24, 1992: British Cabinet Member David Mellor Resigns over Romantic Affair...... 705 April 28, 1994: U.S. Naval Academy Expels Midshipmen for Cheating ...... 707 June 1, 1994: Congressman Dan Rostenkowski Is Indicted in House Post Office Scandal ...... 710 June 12, 1994: Double Murder Leads to Sensational O. J. Simpson Trial ...... 713 June 24, 1994: Time Magazine Cover Uses Altered O. J. Simpson Photo ...... 716 June 30, 1994: Tonya Harding Is Banned from Skating after Attack on Rival ...... 718 July 1, 1994: Soccer Star Diego Maradona Is Expelled from World Cup...... 721 August 5, 1994: Kenneth Starr Is Appointed to the Whitewater Investigation ...... 725 February 28, 1995: Former Mexican President Carlos Salinas’s Brother Is Arrested for Murder ...... 728 November 18, 1995: Former Canadian Premier Brian Mulroney Is Exposed in Airbus Scandal ...... 731 February 4, 1996: Whistle-Blower Reveals Tobacco Industry Corruption...... 734 Spring, 1996: Physicist Publishes a Deliberately Fraudulent Article ...... 737 August 16, 1996: Belgian Media Reveal How Police Bungled Serial Murder Case...... 740 November 3, 1996: Car Crash Reveals Depth of Government Corruption in Turkey...... 742 January, 1997: Pyramid Investment Schemes Cause Albanian Government to Fall...... 745 March 12, 1997: Prize-Winning Aborigine Novelist Revealed as a Fraud ...... 749 March 24-26, 1997: Heaven’s Gate Cult Members Commit Mass Suicide...... 752 May 20, 1997: Air Force Prosecution of Female Officer for Adultery Reveals Double Standard ...... 755 June 25, 1997: Swiss Banks Admit to Holding Accounts of Holocaust Victims ...... 758 August 31, 1997: Princess Diana Dies in a Car Crash ...... 761 November 26, 1997: Canadian Health Commissioner Releases Report on Tainted Blood...... 765 December 11, 1997: HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros Is Indicted for Lying to Federal Agents ...... 768 January 17, 1998: President Bill Clinton Denies Sexual Affair with a White House Intern...... 771 April, 1998: Scottish Historian Is Charged with Plagiarism ...... 776 April 7, 1998: Pop Singer George Michael Is Arrested and Fined for Lewd Conduct ...... 778 May, 1998: Police Corruption Is Revealed in Los Angeles’s Rampart Division ...... 781 May 11, 1998: Journalist Stephen Glass Is Exposed as a Fraud ...... 784 December 23, 1998: Prominent Belgians Are Sentenced in Agusta-Dassault Corruption Scandal ...... 787 March 4, 1999: Quebec Offers Support for Abused Duplessis Orphans...... 790 May, 1999: Civil Rights Leader Jesse Jackson Fathers a Child Out of Wedlock ...... 793 May 7, 1999-March 2, 2001: Ethics Counselor Exonerates Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien ...... 796

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Volume 3

2000s 2000-2018, ongoing: Police Killings of Unarmed African Americans ...... 799 2000-2018, ongoing: Vladimir Putin Is Accused of Political Power Abuses ...... 812 January 28, 2000: John Spano Is Sentenced for Fraudulent Purchase ...... 823 January 31, 2000: Inadequate Maintenance Causes Crash of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 ...... 826 May 2, 2000: Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s Extramarital Affair ...... 829 May 9, 2000: Former Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards Is Convicted of Corruption ...... 832 September, 2000: Scientists Accused of Starting a Measles Epidemic...... 835 September 26, 2000: Gymnast Andreea Raducan Loses Her Olympic Gold Medal...... 838 November 5, 2000: Japanese Amateur Archaeologist’s “Discoveries” Are Proven Fakes ...... 841 December, 2000: Sexual Abuse of Children Leads to Outreau Affair ...... 844 2001: Clearstream Accused of Fraud and Money Laundering ...... 847 January 30, 2001: Liverpool Children’s Hospital Involved in Body Parts Scandal ...... 850 February 18, 2001: CIA Agent Robert Hanssen Is Arrested as Russian Spy ...... 854 April 30, 2001: Washington Intern Chandra Levy Disappears ...... 857 June 18, 2001: Award-Winning Historian Joseph J. Ellis Is Accused of Lying ...... 860 June 20, 2001: Mother Kills Her Five Children ...... 863 June 30, 2001: Korean Teacher Jung Myung Seok Is Charged with Rape ...... 867 August 27, 2001: Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Banned From Game ...... 870 December 2, 2001: Enron’s Bankruptcy Reveals Massive Financial Fraud ...... 873 December 14, 2001: Notre Dame Football Coach Falsifies Résumé ...... 878 January 4, 2002: Historian Stephen E. Ambrose Is Accused of Plagiarism ...... 880 January 6, 2002: Sexual Abuse by Roman Catholic Priests Revealed ...... 883 January 18, 2002: Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin Is Accused of Plagiarism ...... 887 February 11, 2002: Judge Favors Russian Figure Skaters in Winter Olympics ...... 890 February 17, 2002: Georgia Crematory Mishandles Bodies...... 893 June 25, 2002: Adelphia Communications Declares Bankruptcy Amid Corruption...... 896 July, 2002: Journalist Alleges Illegal Release of Genetically Modified Corn Seeds ...... 899 August, 2002: Immunologist Falsifies Research...... 902 September 25, 2002: Physicist Jan Hendrik Schön Fakes Research ...... 905 September 28, 2002: British Politician Reveals Affair with Prime Minister John Major ...... 908 October 25, 2002: Historian Michael A. Bellesiles Resigns Amid Fraud Accusations...... 911 December 5, 2002: Senator Trent Lott Praises Strom Thurmond’s 1948 Presidential Campaign...... 914 January 2, 2003: Air Force Academy Sexual Assault Inquiry ...... 917 March 2, 2003: U.S. National Security Agency Spied on U.N. Officials ...... 921 April 29, 2003: NYT Reporter Jayson Blair Is Exposed as Fraud ...... 924 May 21, 2003: Sexually Provocative Film Premieres at Cannes Film Festival ...... 927 July 1, 2003: Basketball Star Kobe Bryant Is Accused of Rape ...... 930 July 14, 2003: Columnist Robert Novak Leaks CIA Operative Valerie Plame ...... 933 September 3, 2003: Mutual Fund Companies Are Implicated in Illegal Trading Practices ...... 936 October 1, 2003 & June 25, 2009: Strip Search of a Middle School Student Violates Constitution...... 939 Early November, 2003: Paris Hilton Sex-Tape Appears on the Web ...... 942 December 16, 2003: Senator Strom Thurmond’s Biracial Daughter Is Revealed ...... 945 December 18, 2003-June 13, 2005: Pop Star Michael Jackson Is Prosecuted for Child Molestation ...... 948 February 1, 2004: Janet Jackson Shocks Spectators during Super Bowl XXXVIII ...... 953 March 4, 2004: Former United Way Chief Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement ...... 955 March 5, 2004: Martha Stewart Is Convicted for Insider Trading ...... 958 March 11, 2004-continuing in 2018: Radical Jihadists Commit Terrorist Attacks in Europe...... 962 April 28, 2004-August 30, 2012: CBS Broadcasts Photos of Prisioner Abuse at Abu Ghraib ...... 969

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June 2, 2004: U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan Dismissed Sexual Harassment Charges ...... 975 September 8, 2004: 60 Minutes II Reports George W. Bush’s Evasion of Wartime Duty ...... 978 October 13, 2004: Television Producer Files Sex Harassment Suit Against Bill O’Reilly...... 985 October 14, 2004: Insurance Brokerage Charged with Fraud...... 988 January 15, 2005: Iqbal Riza Resigns from UN in Oil-for-Food Scandal ...... 991 January 27, 2005: German Soccer Referee Admits to Fixing Games...... 994 March 17, 2005: Baseball Player Mark McGwire Evades Congressional Questions on Steroid Use ...... 997 June 22, 2005: U.S. Air Force Accused of Religious Intolerance...... 1001 June 27, 2005: Man Confesses to BTK Murders ...... 1005 July 1, 2005: Congressman Randall Cunningham Accused of Bribery ...... 1010 Beginning August 29, 2005: Government Accused of Inadequate Response to Hurricane Katrina ...... 1014 September 12, 2005: Westar Energy Executives Found Guilty of Looting ...... 1018 September 30, 2005: Danish Newspaper’s Prophet Muhammad Cartoons Stir Violent Protests ...... 1021 November 17, 2005: Liberian Workers Sue Bridgestone Firestone over Slave Labor ...... 1025 December 6, 2005: Spokane Mayor Recalled From Office in Gay-Sex Scandal ...... 1028 January 3, 2006: Jack Abramoff Pleads Guilty in Indian Lobbying Scandal ...... 1031 February 20, 2006: David Irving Is Sentenced to Prison for Holocaust Denial ...... 1034 March 14, 2006: Duke Lacrosse Players Are Accused of Gang Rape ...... 1040 April 26, 2006: Britain’s Deputy Prime Minister Admits Affair with Secretary ...... 1044 May 4, 2006: Media Uncover Match-Fixing in Italian Soccer ...... 1047 May 12, 2006: Scientist Is Indicted for Fake Research on Creating Stem Cells...... 1049 Summer, 2006-March 16, 2007: Manufacturer Knowingly Contaminates Pet Food ...... 1052 July 14, 2006: NYT Exposes Grading Scandal at Auburn University ...... 1055 July 26, 2006: Tour de France Accused of Doping Scandal ...... 1058 July 28, 2006: Actor Mel Gibson Makes Anti-Semitic Remarks ...... 1062 August 12, 2006: Novelist Günter Grass Admits to Youthful Nazi Ties...... 1065 September 18, 2006: Newsweek Reveals Hewlett-Packard Spying Scandal...... 1068 September 29, 2006: Congressman Mark Foley Resigns Amid Sex Scandal ...... 1071 October 22, 2006: Chilean Politicians Use Community Funds for Personal Campaigns ...... 1074 November 2, 2006: Evangelist Kent Hovind Is Convicted of Federal Tax Violations ...... 1077 November 20, 2006: News Corp Abandons Plan to Publish O. J. Simpson’s Book ...... 1081 November 23, 2006: Former Russian Officer Dies from Radiation Poisoning...... 1084 Early 2007-2009: Subprime Mortgages Trigger a National Financial Crisis ...... 1087 February 18, 2007: Washington Post Exposes Decline of Walter Reed Army Hospital ...... 1092 April 11, 2007: Shock Jock Don Imus Loses Radio Show over Inappropriate Remarks ...... 1096 May 28, 2007: Japanese Politician Commits Suicide After Being Charged with Corruption...... 1099 June 4, 2007: Congressman William J. Jefferson Is Indicted for Corruption ...... 1102 July 24, 2007: University of Colorado Fires Professor for Plagiarism and Research Falsification...... 1106 August 20, 2007: Football Star Michael Vick Pleads Guilty to Financing a Dog Fighting Ring ...... 1109 September 13, 2007: New England Patriots Football Team Is Fined for Spying on Other Teams ...... 1112 October 5, 2007: Olympic Champion Marion Jones Admits Steroid Use...... 1116 October 10, 2007-May 31, 2012: John Edwards Is Accused of Extramarital Affair...... 1119 March 12, 2008: New York Governor Eliot Spitzer Resigns in Prostitution Scandal ...... 1122 March 13-May 31, 2008: Obama’s Presidential Nomination Threatened by Minister’s Political Views ...... 1125 June 13, 2008: Singer R. Kelly Is Acquitted on Child Pornography Charges...... 1128 July 29, 2008: NBA Referee Is Sentenced to Prison for Betting on Games ...... 1130 September 7, 2008: Unethical Practices Lead to the Collapse of Financial Industry ...... 1133 January 20, 2009-January 20, 2017: The Obama Administration...... 1136 March 12, 2009: Bernard Madoff Pleads Guilty to Defrauding Investors ...... 1144 November 5, 2009: Muslim-American Army Psychiatrist Goes on Killing Rampage ...... 1147

xii MODERN SCANDALS Table of Contents

2010s April 20, 2010: Deepwater Horizon Negligence Causes the Largest Oil Spill in History ...... 1151 August 17, 2010 and June 27, 2011: Former Governor Rod Blagojevich Found Guilty of 18 Criminal Counts ...... 1155 October 8, 2010: Chinese Dissident Liu Xiaobo Is Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ...... 1158 May 14-18, 2011: Director of IMF Resigns Amid Sexual Assault Accusations...... 1163 February 26, 2012: George Zimmerman Fatally Shoots Unarmed Black Teenager ...... 1165 June 22, 2012: Penn State Football Coach Jerry Sandusky Found Guilty of Sexual Abuse ...... 1170 July 30, 2012-ongoing in 2018: Saudi Dissident Sentenced to Prison for Liberal Opinions ...... 1174 July 13, 2013-ongoing: Black Lives Matter Movement Protests Police Mistreatment of African Americans ...... 1178 April 21, 2014-2016: Contaminated Water Michigan Endangers Health of Citizens ...... 1182 December 9, 2014: CIA Accused of Using Torture to Interrogate Terrorist Suspects...... 1186 2015-2018, ongoing: The Trump Administration ...... 1192 2015-2016: Hillary Clinton’s E-mails Controversial in the Presidential Election ...... 1200 June 17, 2015: White Supremacist Murders Nine African Americans ...... 1204 September 2015-2018, ongoing: Volkswagen Guilty of Cheating on Emissions Controls ...... 1209 August 11-12, 2017: White Supremacists and Counter-Protestors Clash in Charlottesville...... 1214 October 8, 2017: Harvey Weinstein Fired Amid Sexual Misconduct Accusations...... 1221 February 21, 2018: Takata Declares Bankruptcy after Defective Airbags Scandal ...... 1226 April 26, 2018: Bill Cosby Is Found Guilty of Sexual Assault...... 1230 July 11, 2018: Chinese Dissident Is Sentenced to Prison for Criticizing Socialist System...... 1235 Appendices Bibliography...... 1239 EssaysbyGeography...... 1251 EssaysbyCategory...... 1263 Indexes KeyFiguresIndex...... 1295 SubjectIndex...... 1305

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