DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Craniometric Variation in Modern Thai Populations: Applications in Forensic Anthropology and Implications for Population History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Craniometric Variation in Modern Thai Populations: Applications in Forensic Anthropology and Implications for Population History PATTERNS OF CRANIOMETRIC VARIATION IN MODERN THAI POPULATIONS: APPLICATIONS IN FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION HISTORY By LAUREL ELIZABETH FREAS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Laurel Elizabeth Freas 2 To my family, who have always believed and understood, even—and perhaps, most especially— when I have not 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Though often held as the embodiment of solitary scholarly endeavor, anyone who has ever written a doctoral dissertation knows that the bound and printed pages are but the ―tip of the iceberg,‖ beneath which lies a mountain of quiet, tireless labor and generous, yet largely silent, assistance on the parts of many, many people. For this dissertation, I extend my deepest thanks to the following: My deepest debt of gratitude is owed to the members of my superlative advisory committee, Michael Warren (chair), David Daegling, John Krigbaum and Martha Burt, for providing a steadying hand, an endless supply of encouraging words, and the occasional motivating kick to the hindquarters, always right on time when I needed them most. If I am a better anthropologist today, it is for having learned at their elbows and stood on their shoulders. I am additionally forever indebted to Mike for his outstanding mentorship, for being my biggest cheerleader and tireless advocate, for his generous support of my many, many trips to Thailand and, most of all, for his patient understanding of the peculiar workings of my brain, and for always knowing exactly what I needed to hear. It has been a very, very long road from first-year graduate student to this completed dissertation, and he has never once allowed me to falter along the path. I am equally indebted to the people of Thailand, for the extraordinary generosity, hospitality, and friendship they have continuously extended to this farang in their midst. Chief among these are Dr. Porntip Rojanasunan and her staff at the Central Institute of Forensic Sciences, for first suggesting this research project, and for opening the first doors; and Dr. Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh and her faculty in the Department of Anatomy at Chiang Mai University, for her generous provision of unlimited access to her department‘s splendid skeletal collection, and for their constant support during my research trips. Additional special thanks are owed to Dr. 4 Pasuk for her enthusiasm for this project, for her indomitable spirit, for her kindness shown to a student far from home, and for her friendship. A huge goes also to her students, Aun, Khempith and Nim, for the countless dinners, bowling games, daytime sightseeing trips, and nighttime motorbike rides around Chiang Mai that they shared with me. Thanks are also owed to Dr. Sukkid Yasothornsrikul and Ajarn Chanasorn Poodendaen at Naresuan University, who, in addition to access to their university‘s skeletal collections also provided my first critical introductions into the Thai academic community. Dr. Panya Tuamsuk provided generous access to his collections at Khon Kaen University, allowing me to salvage the core question of this dissertation just when it seemed all was lost. And, finally, I owe an immeasurable debt of gratitude to Noon for being my indefatigable tour guide, translator, cultural emissary, language coach, dinner company, research assistant and, above all else, my friend. Gratitude in endless measure is owed to the gang from the Pound Lab—Carlos, Nico, Katie, Traci and Ron—for tailgatoring, MarioKart (Diddy Kong for the win!), Red vs. Blue, and jamming out on the lab floor; for the countless hours at the maceration hoods, the inside jokes (―Baby, stop!‖), and the secret agent names; for their boundless patience with me at those times when I was really, really cranky—which was a lot; and for always having my back. They have been my second family, always there to pick me up, dust me off, and push me on down the road when the going got tough. Other members of my second family, to whom similar thanks are owed, include Carrie, Joe, Foxy, Derek, and Owen, who know that when the going gets weird, the weird turn pro. If I have survived this with my sanity intact, it is through no strength of my own, but because of all of them. Many thanks go to Elizabeth Walters and Joe Hefner, for their tireless help with the minutiae of proper usage (both the grammatical and the statistical kinds), 5 for reading rough drafts and providing encouraging and thoughtful comments, and for at least having pretended to enjoy the chore! Gracious thanks are owed to the many parties who provided generous financial support for this project. This research has been supported in part by the Ellis R. Kerley Forensic Sciences Foundation, the University of Florida‘s Department of Anthropology. Additional travel support and access to the collections at Khon Kaen was provided by the Joint Prisoner of War/Missing In Action (POW/MIA) Accounting Command‘s Central Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL).1 Last, but certainly not least, I own an immeasurable debt of gratitude to my family, for more things than I can possibly enumerate here. A partial list includes their unflagging support and unwavering confidence in me; their fearlessness in encouraging me to follow a path that has taken me far from home, and the sacrifices they have made that I might follow that path; and for their lessons that to do is to do whole-heartedly. Most of all, I thank them for giving me roots and wings. 1 The opinions contained herein are solely those of the author and do not reflect the opinions or official position of the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command or the Department of Defense. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF QUESTION .....................................................15 2 PREHISTORY AND POPULATION HISTORY IN THAILAND, PART I: THE BASIC CULTURAL OUTLINE ............................................................................................24 The Pleistocene to the Paleolithic ...........................................................................................27 Holocene Hunter-Gatherers ....................................................................................................29 The Arrival of Agriculture ......................................................................................................43 The Metal Age ........................................................................................................................48 The Bronze Age ...............................................................................................................48 The Iron Age ....................................................................................................................53 The Rise of the State ...............................................................................................................56 3 PREHISTORY AND POPULATION HISTORY IN THAILAND, PART II: THE VARIED LINES OF EVIDENCE ..........................................................................................67 Archaeology ............................................................................................................................77 Linguistics ...............................................................................................................................82 Population Genetics ................................................................................................................98 Physical Anthropology .........................................................................................................112 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS .........................................................................................150 The Samples ..........................................................................................................................151 Statistical Methods ................................................................................................................152 Basic Assumptions ........................................................................................................153 Data transformations and non-parametric approaches ...........................................156 Multivariate Statistical Analyses ...................................................................................158 Analysis of variance ...............................................................................................163 Discriminant function analysis ...............................................................................164 Final Considerations ......................................................................................................171 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................179 7 Discriminant Function Analysis – By Sex............................................................................179
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Indigenous Peoples' Movement in Thailand Expands
    ISSUE: 2016 No. 68 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 16 December 2016 The Indigenous Peoples’ Movement in Thailand Expands Micah F. Morton* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Since the early 2000s an expanding coalition of ethnic minorities in Thailand, initially based in the North, has formed under the global banner of “Indigenous Peoples” (hereafter referred to as IPs) to push for state recognition of their distinct identities and rights as well as to empower themselves to address their particular strengths and problems. • Those claiming IP status in Thailand are pursuing equal rather than special rights relative to other, more full-fledged members of Thai society. They have been lobbying for the passage of a state law governing the “Council of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand” (CIPT), a new, independent quasi-state organ comprised of IP representatives with the central mandate to advise the state on IP-related policies and plans. • While the Thai government remains steadfast in its official position of non-recognition with respect to IPs in Thailand, especially towards their claim of being “indigenous”, the IP movement has nevertheless continued to develop and expand beyond the North to different parts of the country. • In recent years the IP movement has shifted its campaign strategy from an earlier focus on public demonstrations to that of lobbying relevant state agencies. The movement has further devoted its limited time and resources to developing the internal administrative structure of their flagship organization, the “Council of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand”. * Micah F. Morton is Visiting Fellow at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Wat Phra That Hariphunchai ( ) Sited in Mid-Town, It Was Built During the Reign of King Arthitayarat, a Descendant of Queen Chamthewi Some 800 Years Ago
    Amphoe Mueang Lamphun 01 - Wat Phra That Hariphunchai ( ) Sited in mid-town, it was built during the reign of King Arthitayarat, a descendant of Queen Chamthewi some 800 years ago. A principal landmark is the 46-metre tall golden Chedi whose present appearance was the result of the restoration work in 1443 by a king of Chiang Mai. It has long been regarded as a major place of worship. Other architectural works include the ancient-style brick arch adorned with fine designs and the pair of sculptured lions at the door. There are also a square-shaped Chedi and a Khmer-style Buddha statue. 02 - Hariphunchai National Museum ( ). Located on Inthayongyot Road almost opposite Wat Phra That Hariphunchai it displays and exhibits include historical development and archaeological items found in Lamphun. These include prehistorical human skeletons and objects of arts from the Dvaravati, Hariphunchai, Lanna and Rattanakosin periods. A chamber is devoted to a collection of inscription stones in Mon and Lanna scripts. Another displays ancient utensils, Lanna indigenous arts and carvings. The museum is open Wednesday-Sunday from 9.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. 03 - Phra Nang Chamthewi Statue ( ) Located in the Nong Dok public park in town commemorating the first ruler of Hariphunchai. 04 - Suthewa Rusi Statue ( ) In front of the Town Hall, the Legend has it that the Rusi, or ascetic, was the actual founder of Hariphunchai. As an ascetic refraining from worldly affairs he invited Phra Nang Chamthevi, a daughter of the King of Lopburi, to ascend the throne and helped her to firmly establish Buddhism in the land.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Population Ageing and Farm Structure in Thailand
    Rural population ageing and farm structure in Thailand by John Bryant and Rossarin Gray Population and Development Service Sustainable Development Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations September 2005 The designations employ ed and the pres ent ation of mat erial in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whats oev er on the part of the Food and A griculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or dev elopment st at us of any country, territory, city or area or of its aut horities, or c onc erning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The word “countries” appearing in the text ref ers to countries, t erritories and areas without distincti on. The Food and A griculture Organiz ation of t he Unit ed Nati ons encourages the dissemination of material contained in t his publicati on, provided that ref erenc e is made t o t he s ource. All rights res erved. Reproducti on and diss emination of mat erial in this inf ormation produc t for educ ational or ot her non-commercial purposes are aut horized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided t he source is fully acknowledged. Reproducti on of material in this inf ormation product for resal e or other commercial purpos es is prohibit ed without written permission of the c opyright hol ders. A pplications for suc h permission should be address ed t o the Chief , Publishi ng Management S ervice, Inf ormation Division, FAO, Vial e delle Terme di Carac alla, 00100 R ome, Italy or by e-mail to c [email protected] g © FAO 2005 Table of contents 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 2 Background information on ageing and agriculture in Thailand .....................2 2.1 Demography..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology of Race 1
    Anthropology of Race 1 Knowing Race John Hartigan What do we know about race today? Is it surprising that, after a hun- dred years of debate and inquiry by anthropologists, not only does the answer remain uncertain but also the very question is so fraught? In part, this reflects the deep investments modern societies have made in the notion of race. We can hardly know it objectively when it constitutes a pervasive aspect of our identities and social landscapes, determining advantage and disadvantage in a thoroughgoing manner. Yet, know it we do. Perhaps mis- takenly, haphazardly, or too informally, but knowledge claims about race permeate everyday life in the United States. As well, what we understand or assume about race changes as our practices of knowledge production also change. Until recently, a consensus was held among social scientists—predi- cated, in part, upon findings by geneticists in the 1970s about the struc- ture of human genetic variability—that “race is socially constructed.” In the early 2000s, following the successful sequencing of the human genome, counter-claims challenging the social construction consensus were formu- lated by geneticists who sought to support the role of genes in explaining race.1 This volume arises out of the fracturing of that consensus and the attendant recognition that asserting a constructionist stance is no longer a tenable or sufficient response to the surge of knowledge claims about race. Anthropology of Race confronts the problem of knowing race and the challenge of formulating an effective rejoinder both to new arguments and sarpress.sarweb.org COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 3 John Hartigan data about race and to the intense desire to know something substantive about why and how it matters.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Connect to Reconnect'
    Institute of Social and Cultural Studies (ISCS) Webinar on ‘Connect to Reconnect’ - Chapter V Indo-Thai Conflux on 9 July Remarks by Ambassador Suchitra Durai Ambassador Wadhwa, former Secretary East, Ministry of External Affairs & former Ambassador of India to Thailand; Ambassador Pattarat Hongtong, my counterpart; Prof Surat Horachaikul, Director of India Studies Centre, Chulalongkorn University; Prof Ishani Naskar of the Dept of International Relations, Jadavpur university; Above all, Shri Arindam Mukherjee, Director, ISCS, the prime mover of this dialogue series; Distinguished participants; Good evening, Namaskar, Sawasdeekha The story of India-Thailand relations is indeed that of mobility and connectivity. As maritime neighbours there has been a long history of travel and connectivity between the two countries. So today I will touch upon three aspects of connectivity: The historical relationship People to People connectivity in the contemporary period Infrastructure and Digital connectivity 2. So, firstly the historical aspect although this is well known to my fellow discussants. India and Thailand established diplomatic relations in 1947 soon after India’s independence, and next year we will be celebrating the 75th anniversary of our diplomatic relations. While our formal relationship is 74 years old, our bilateral relationship goes back to several millenia. 3. Our historical links span three areas: the religious links – Sona Thera and Uttama Thera are said to have brought Buddhism to Thailand in the 3rd BCE. Underlying Buddhism in Thailand is Brahmanism or Hinduism which manifests itself everywhere. There are the linguistic links – the Thai language, though complex and tonal, incorporates both Pali and Sanskrit vocabulary; besides these two classical languages it also incorporates words from Bengali and Tamil.
    [Show full text]
  • White by Law---Haney Lopez (Abridged Version)
    White by Law The Legal Construction of Race Revised and Updated 10th Anniversary Edition Ian Haney Lόpez NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London (2006) 1│White Lines In its first words on the subject of citizenship, Congress in 1790 restricted naturalization to “white persons.” Though the requirements for naturalization changed frequently thereafter, this racial prerequisite to citizenship endured for over a century and a half, remaining in force until 1952. From the earliest years of this country until just a generation ago, being a “white person” was a condition for acquiring citizenship. Whether one was “white” however, was often no easy question. As immigration reached record highs at the turn of this century, countless people found themselves arguing their racial identity in order to naturalize. From 1907, when the federal government began collecting data on naturalization, until 1920, over one million people gained citizenship under the racially restrictive naturalization laws. Many more sought to naturalize and were rejected. Naturalization rarely involved formal court proceedings and therefore usually generated few if any written records beyond the simple decision. However, a number of cases construing the “white person” prerequisite reached the highest state and federal judicial circles, and two were argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in the early 1920s. These cases produced illuminating published decisions that document the efforts of would-be citizens from around the world to establish their Whiteness at law. Applicants from Hawaii, China, Japan, Burma, and the Philippines, as well as all mixed- race applicants, failed in their arguments. Conversely, courts ruled that applicants from Mexico and Armenia were “white,” but vacillated over the Whiteness of petitioners from Syria, India, and Arabia.
    [Show full text]
  • And the Hamitic Hypothesis
    religions Article Ancient Egyptians in Black and White: ‘Exodus: Gods and Kings’ and the Hamitic Hypothesis Justin Michael Reed Department of Biblical Studies, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Louisville, KY 40205, USA; [email protected] Abstract: In this essay, I consider how the racial politics of Ridley Scott’s whitewashing of ancient Egypt in Exodus: Gods and Kings intersects with the Hamitic Hypothesis, a racial theory that asserts Black people’s inherent inferiority to other races and that civilization is the unique possession of the White race. First, I outline the historical development of the Hamitic Hypothesis. Then, I highlight instances in which some of the most respected White intellectuals from the late-seventeenth through the mid-twentieth century deploy the hypothesis in assertions that the ancient Egyptians were a race of dark-skinned Caucasians. By focusing on this detail, I demonstrate that prominent White scholars’ arguments in favor of their racial kinship with ancient Egyptians were frequently burdened with the insecure admission that these ancient Egyptian Caucasians sometimes resembled Negroes in certain respects—most frequently noted being skin color. In the concluding section of this essay, I use Scott’s film to point out that the success of the Hamitic Hypothesis in its racial discourse has transformed a racial perception of the ancient Egyptian from a dark-skinned Caucasian into a White person with appearance akin to Northern European White people. Keywords: Ham; Hamite; Egyptian; Caucasian; race; Genesis 9; Ridley Scott; Charles Copher; Samuel George Morton; James Henry Breasted Citation: Reed, Justin Michael. 2021. Ancient Egyptians in Black and White: ‘Exodus: Gods and Kings’ and Religions the Hamitic Hypothesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Agricultural Leaders in Farmer Associations and the Implications to Agricultural Extension Education in Thailand
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1988 The oler of agricultural leaders in Farmer Associations and the implications to agricultural extension education in Thailand Pornchulee Nilvises Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Education Commons Recommended Citation Nilvises, Pornchulee, "The or le of agricultural leaders in Farmer Associations and the implications to agricultural extension education in Thailand " (1988). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8879. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8879 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Asia and the Pacific
    Cover photo: Marie Ange Sylvain-Holmgren Sustainable agriculture and in Asia and the pacific The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the regional arm of the United Nations, playing a unique role as the only intergovernmental forum for all countries and territories of the Asian and Pacific region. Established in 1947, ESCAP currently consists of 53 members and nine associate members, covering over 60 per cent of the world’s population, or 4.1 billion people. ESCAP’s mission is to serve as the regional hub promoting cooperation among member States to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic and social development in the Asia-Pacific region. ESCAP provides the strategic regional link between global-, subregional- and country-level programmes and concerns. ESCAP is headquartered in Bangkok and has a Pacific office in Suva. For more information, please visit our website at <http://www.unescap.org>. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been issued without formal editing. It follows United Nations practice in references to countries. Bibliographical and other references have, wherever possible, been verified. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
    THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Curren T Anthropology
    Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Curren Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) t Human Biology and the Origins of Homo. Susan Antón and Leslie C. Aiello, Anthropolog Current eds. e Anthropology of Potentiality: Exploring the Productivity of the Undened and Its Interplay with Notions of Humanness in New Medical Anthropology Practices. Karen-Sue Taussig and Klaus Hoeyer, eds. y THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES Previously Published Supplementary Issues April THE BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF LIVING HUMAN Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism. omas Wynn and 2 POPULATIONS: WORLD HISTORIES, NATIONAL STYLES, 01 Frederick L. Coolidge, eds. 2 AND INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and Sally GUEST EDITORS: SUSAN LINDEE AND RICARDO VENTURA SANTOS Engle Merry, eds. V The Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations olum Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. Contexts and Trajectories of Physical Anthropology in Brazil Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. e Birth of Physical Anthropology in Late Imperial Portugal 5 Norwegian Physical Anthropology and a Nordic Master Race T. Douglas Price and Ofer 3 e Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. The Ainu and the Search for the Origins of the Japanese Bar-Yosef, eds. Isolates and Crosses in Human Population Genetics Supplement Practicing Anthropology in the French Colonial Empire, 1880–1960 Physical Anthropology in the Colonial Laboratories of the United States Humanizing Evolution Human Population Biology in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century Internationalizing Physical Anthropology 5 Biological Anthropology at the Southern Tip of Africa The Origins of Anthropological Genetics Current Anthropology is sponsored by e Beyond the Cephalic Index Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Anthropology and Personal Genomics Research, a foundation endowed for scientific, Biohistorical Narratives of Racial Difference in the American Negro educational, and charitable purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor Migration from Agriculture in Thailand
    IDRC4Th SEAPRAP RESEARCH REPORT NO. 55 LABOR MIGRATION FROM AGRICULTURE IN THAILAND PRADIT CHARSOMBUT Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand May 1981 A report of research undertaken with the assistance of an award from the Southeast Asia Population Research Awards Program (SEAPRAP), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Republic of Singapore RCHIV (an edited version) D358 ACKNOWLEDGE2IENP This study was made possible through an award from the Southeast Asia Population Research Awards Program (SEAPRAP), a joint program of the International Development Research Centre and the Ford Foundation. A special debt of gratitude is due to Dr. Wilfredo F. Arce, Program Coordinator, and Ms. Suzanne Ilak, Program Assistant. I also wish to acknowledge the help of Professor Sopin Tongpan, the Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, aaetsart University. The Dean has provided suggestions and support in many ways. I am also thankful to Mr. Noppadol Thiyachai a graduate student in Economics; Mr. Preecha Muenprasertdi, Lecturer in Business and Ms. Wilailuck Phaiutsa, Assistant Professor in Economics, for their help in the survey and data processing. Pradit Charsombut Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Kasetsart University, Bangkok May 1981 - o: TABL1 OP CONTE1TS Page Introduction I 1.1 Problems I 1.2 Objectives 1.3 ?Iethodoloy 5 Employment Patterns in Hum]. Areas 8 2.1 The Tota]. Labor Force 8 2.2 Employment by Industry 10 2.3
    [Show full text]