LCMS International Mission — Eurasia Region Project Catalog
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Recent Declines in Warming and Vegetation Greening Trends Over Pan-Arctic Tundra
Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 4229-4254; doi:10.3390/rs5094229 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Article Recent Declines in Warming and Vegetation Greening Trends over Pan-Arctic Tundra Uma S. Bhatt 1,*, Donald A. Walker 2, Martha K. Raynolds 2, Peter A. Bieniek 1,3, Howard E. Epstein 4, Josefino C. Comiso 5, Jorge E. Pinzon 6, Compton J. Tucker 6 and Igor V. Polyakov 3 1 Geophysical Institute, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.A.W.); [email protected] (M.K.R.) 3 International Arctic Research Center, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, 930 Koyukuk Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Cryospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614.1, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614.1, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.E.P.); [email protected] (C.J.T.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-907-474-2662; Fax: +1-907-474-2473. -
Izhorians: a Disappearing Ethnic Group Indigenous to the Leningrad Region
Acta Baltico-Slavica, 43 Warszawa 2019 DOI: 10.11649/abs.2019.010 Elena Fell Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-7696 Izhorians: A disappearing ethnic group indigenous to the Leningrad region This review article presents a concise overview of selected research findings rela- ted to various issues concerning the study of Izhorians, including works by A. I. Kir′ianen, A. V. Labudin and A. A. Samodurov (Кирьянен et al., 2017); A. I. Kir′ianen, (Кирьянен, 2016); N. Kuznetsova, E. Markus and M. Muslimov (Kuznetsova, Markus, & Muslimov, 2015); M. Muslimov (Муслимов, 2005); A. P. Chush′′ialova (Чушъялова, 2010); F. I. Rozhanskiĭ and E. B. Markus (Рожанский & Маркус, 2013); and V. I. Mirenkov (Миренков, 2000). The evolution of the term Izhorians The earliest confirmed record of Izhorians (also known as Ingrians), a Finno-Ugrian ethnic group native to the Leningrad region,1 appears in thirteenth-century Russian 1 Whilst the city of Leningrad became the city of Saint Petersburg in 1991, reverting to its pre-So- viet name, the Leningrad region (also known as the Leningrad oblast) retained its Soviet name after the collapse of the USSR. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 PL License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/), which permits redistribution, commercial and non- -commercial, provided that the article is properly cited. © The Author(s) 2019. Publisher: Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences [Wydawca: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk] Elena Fell Izhorians: A disappearing ethnic group indigenous to the Leningrad region chronicles, where, according to Chistiakov (Чистяков, 2006), “Izhora” people were mentioned as early as 1228. -
From Africa to Eurasia * Early Dispersals Ofer Bar-Yosef! *, A
Quaternary International 75 (2001) 19}28 From Africa to Eurasia * early dispersals Ofer Bar-Yosef! *, A. Belfer-Cohen" !Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA "Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91905, Israel Abstract The dispersals of early hominins in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene into Eurasia were essentially sporadic. Little geographic and temporal continuity is observed between the various dated archaeological contexts, and the lithic assemblages do not demonstrate a techno-morphological continuity. The archaeological evidence from 1.8 to 0.7 Ma indicates at least three waves of early migrations. The earliest sortie involved bearers of core-chopper industries sometime around 1.7}1.6 Ma. Early Acheulean producers followed possibly around 1.4 Ma. The third wave occurred sometime around 0.8 Ma, and is represented by Acheulean groups who manufactured numerous #ake cleavers. The geographic scope of each of these waves is not yet well known.The reasons for &why' early humans dispersed from Africa into Eurasia include the &push' of environmental change and relative &demographic pressure', as well as the opening of new niches. Humans may have gained their meat supplies either from carcasses or through active predation. The archaeological and fossil records demonstrate that Homo erectus was a successful species, and like other successful species it enlarged its geographic distribution at all costs. Even if the trigger for the initial dispersal of Homo erectus remains unknown or controversial, the success of the hominid occupation of the Eurasian habitats was not primarily facilitated by the availability of food, or the human #exibility in food procuring techniques, but by the absence of the zoonotic diseases that plagued and constrained hominins in their African &cradle of evolution'. -
No. 1 Demography and Health in Eastern Europe and Eurasia
Working Paper Series on the Transition Countries No. 1 DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH IN EASTERN EUROPE AND EURASIA Ayo Heinegg Robyn Melzig James Pickett and Ron Sprout June 2005 Program Office Bureau for Europe & Eurasia U.S. Agency for International Development 1 Demography and Health in Eastern Europe and Eurasia Ayo Heinegg Academy for Educational Development Email: [email protected] Robyn Melzig U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] James Pickett U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] Ron Sprout U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] Abstract: Eastern Europe and Eurasia is the only region worldwide experiencing a contraction in population, which stems from both a natural decrease in the population (i.e., crude death rates exceeding crude birth rates) and emigration. The highest crude death rates in the world are found among the transition countries; so too the lowest fertility rates. This study analyzes these trends and attempts to assess some of the underlying health factors behind them. The report also examines the evidence regarding migration patterns, both political aspects (including trends in refugees and internally displaced persons) and economic aspects (including remittances, urbanization, and brain drain). 2 USAID/E&E/PO Working Paper Series on the Transition Countries September 2006 No.1 Demography and Health (June 2005) No.2 Education (October 2005) No.3 Economic Reforms, Democracy, and Growth (November 2005) No.4 Monitoring Country Progress in 2006 (September 2006) No.5 Domestic Disparities (forthcoming) No.6 Labor Markets (forthcoming) No.7 Global Economic Integration (forthcoming) The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in these working papers are entirely those of the authors. -
Eurasia Asia & Oceania
Segment Overview Asia & Eurasia Oceania u p. 28 u p. 20 Number of countries 7 4 1,551 ,296 1 1,245 1,218 1 16 14 Number of projects 1 3 In production 2 43 1 1 6 Under development 10 Preparation for development Under exploration (oil and gas reservoirs confirmed) Under exploration Other 466 Production/Reserves 367 Proved reserves (million boe) 214 201 195 210 207 191 Net production (thousand boed) 179 197 190 188 167 166 28 27 27 26 25 25 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 485,275 485,069 483,187 406,828 409,776 / 352,383 Net sales 299,599 281,623 Operating income 264,849 235,814 Net sales (¥ million) 191,070 178,225 Operating income (¥ million) 96,341 94,050 85,541 84,325 73,574 68,319 47,076 41,752 42,601 39,769 36,461 32,228 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 018 INPEX CORPORATION Annual Report 2015 Middle East Americas Japan & Africa u p. 32 u p. 36 u p. 30 6 7 1 Minami-Nagaoka 1 2 Gas Field 1 Naoetsu LNG 3 Terminal 9 7 1 16 10 Natural gas pipeline network (Approx. 1,400 km) etc. 783 857 636 4 Project Overview Project 583 518 505 174 168 169 158 163 155 138 135 132 130 126 117 74 68 65 40 36 30 29 30 27 28 20 25 25 21 21 21 17 18 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 524,528 520,835 500,033 621,513 421,184 357,343 354,136 350,735 333,213 303,819 243,113 205,572 129,522 120,268 118,937 ) 113,662 104,525 93,959 32,555 28,568 25,959 22,771 24,607 16,692 16,693 12,673 11,435 13,351 15,303 5,945 5,525 (7,646) (3,035) 1,028 (6,089) (5,518) ( 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 INPEX CORPORATION Annual Report 2015 019 Project Overview by Region Asia & Oceania In the Asia and Oceania region, INPEX holds participating interests in the Offshore Mahakam Block in Indonesia, which is contributing significantly to earnings, and the large-scale Ichthys and Abadi LNG projects, where development and preparatory development activities are under way. -
Russia and Eurasia Steven Pifer
14 Russia and Eurasia Steven Pifer Russia for the past 4 years has been on an economic roll fueled by high energy prices. The Kremlin in parallel has pursued an increasingly assertive foreign policy, raising the prospect of a more contentious Russia that will challenge U.S. interests in the former Soviet space, Europe, and elsewhere. The challenges posed by a more assertive Russia will command greater time and attention from U.S. national security planners. It is not only a resurgent Russia that could test the United States in coming years, however. A frail, unstable Russian state is not in the U.S. interest. Russian weakness raises less obvious, but nevertheless serious, possible challenges. Demographic, societal, and economic trends within Russia have the potential, particularly in combination, to create strategic shocks over the next 10 to 30 years that would have major implications for U.S. national security interests. This chapter examines those trends and potential shocks and outlines implications for U.S. national security. The strategic shocks that trends within Russia could combine to produce include collapse of the Russian state, expansion to take in more ethnic Russians, revolution (leading to a lurch toward democracy or, more likely, to the right), playing the energy card, and a military/technical surprise. While these shocks each have a very low likelihood, any of them would pose critical implications and challenges for key U.S. security interests. This chapter also looks at possible shocks elsewhere in the former Soviet space: Islamic revolution in a Central Asian state and Georgian-Russian military conflict, with the latter being the most likely shock of those addressed. -
Eurasia Foundation Network
Engaging Citizens Empowering Communities Eurasia2009 Network Foundation Yearbook Engaging Citizens, Empowering Communities Eurasia Foundation Network EURASIA FOUNDATION OF CENTRAL ASIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Advisory Council, Board of Trustees.....................1 2009 Letter from the Chair and President..............................2 The Eurasia Foundation Network......................................3 Yearbook Overview.....................................4 New Eurasia Foundation.................................5 Eurasia Foundation of Central Asia..........................6 Eurasia Partnership Foundation.................................7 East Europe Foundation.................................8 Youth Engagement...................9 Local Economic Development...........................11 Public Policy and The Eurasia Foundation Network comprises New Eurasia Foundation (Russia), Eurasia Foundation of Central Asia, Eurasia Partnership InstitutionFoundation Building.................13 (Caucasus), East Europe Foundation (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova) and Eurasia Foundation (United States). Since 1993, Eurasia Foundation and the network have invested more than $360 million in local and cross-border projects to promote civic and economic inclusion throughout the Eurasia region.Independent Media.................15 For more information about the Eurasia Foundation Network, please visit http://www.eurasia.org/ Cross-Border Programs ........17 Eurasia Foundation Financials..................................19 EAST EUROPE EURASIA FOUNDATION EFFOUNDATION Network -
Arabian Peninsula from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump to Navigationjump to Search "Arabia" and "Arabian" Redirect Here
Arabian Peninsula From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see Arabia (disambiguation) and Arabian (disambiguation). Arabian Peninsula Area 3.2 million km2 (1.25 million mi²) Population 77,983,936 Demonym Arabian Countries Saudi Arabia Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Kuwait Qatar Bahrain -shibhu l-jazīrati l ِش ْبهُ ا ْل َج ِزي َرةِ ا ْلعَ َربِيَّة :The Arabian Peninsula, or simply Arabia[1] (/əˈreɪbiə/; Arabic jazīratu l-ʿarab, 'Island of the Arabs'),[2] is َج ِزي َرةُ ا ْلعَ َرب ʿarabiyyah, 'Arabian peninsula' or a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate. From a geographical perspective, it is considered a subcontinent of Asia.[3] It is the largest peninsula in the world, at 3,237,500 km2 (1,250,000 sq mi).[4][5][6][7][8] The peninsula consists of the countries Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[9] The peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Levant to the north and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world due to its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. The most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are Riyadh, Dubai, Jeddah, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Kuwait City, Sanaʽa, and Mecca. Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Red Sea Coast (Tihamah), Central Plateau (Al-Yamama), Indian Ocean Coast (Hadhramaut) and Persian Gulf Coast (Al-Bahrain). -
Baltic Security and Defence Review 2013
Baltic Security and Defence Review ________________________________________________________ Volume 15, Issue 2 2013 Baltic Security and Defence Review is the bi-annual publication of the Baltic Defence College © 2013, Baltic Defence College, All rights reserved ISSN 1736-3772 (print) 1736-3780 (online) Editorial Board Editor: Dr. James S. Corum, Dean, Baltic Defence College Deputy editor Mr. James Rogers, Baltic Defence College Harold E. Raugh, Jr., Ph.D. Command Historian, V Corps Lt. Col. John Andreas Olsen PhD, Norwegian Air Force, Dean, Norwegian Defence University College Dr. Augustine Meaher, Department of Political and Strategic Studies, Baltic Defence College Dr. Hannu Kari, Finnish National Defence University Dr. Maja Ericksson, Swedish National Defence Academy Erik Mannik, International Centre for Defence Studies Dr. Olaf Mertelsmann, Tartu University Dr. Margarita Seselgyte, Vilnius University Lithuania Dr. Zaneta Ozolina, University of Latvia Layout: Oliver Toots Cover and print: www.ecoprint.ee Electronic version of the Baltic Security and Defence Review can be accessed on the website of the Baltic Defence College at www.bdcol.ee All articles of the Baltic Security and Defence Review are also available through the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) at www.isn.ethz.ch All inquiries should be made to the Baltic Defence College, Riia 12, 51013 Tartu, Estonia, ph: +372 717 6000, fax: +372 717 6050, e-mail: [email protected] Disclaimer: The Baltic Defence College publishes the Baltic Security and Defence Review as -
And Ethnicisation of Migration Discourse: the Ingrian Finnish Right To
1 The ‘Secularisation’ and Ethnicisation of Migration Discourse: The Ingrian Finnish Right to Return in Finnish Politics Nicholas Prindiville and Titus Hjelm (Accepted for Publication in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27/02/2017) ABSTRACT Finland’s Right to Return policy for Ingrian Finns presented Russian and Estonian citizens that the Finnish government deemed to have an ancestral connection to Finland the legal means to resettle in Finland. The policy existed from 1990 to 2010, and was initially driven by Finnish President Mauno Koivisto, who spoke publicly of his belief that the Ingrian Finnish minority in Russia was Finnish because it was Lutheran rather than Orthodox. However, as the political discussion on the Ingrian Finns’ identity and Right to Return continued into the 1990s and 2000s, Finnish politicians increasingly abandoned the view of a common Lutheran identity between Ingrian Finns and Finland, and shifted the discussion to language, ancestry and historical memory, which were used to both endorse and disendorse Ingrian Finns’ Finnishness. We argue that the disappearance of religion from the Right to Return discourse was a strategic—if not necessarily conscious—choice that emphasized the more primordial aspects of Finnish identity (and the Ingrian Finns’ lack of those), which in turn enable stricter restrictions and, ultimately, the discontinuation of the policy. In April 1990, Finland’s then-President Mauno Koivisto sat down to a televised interview, part of which focused on his decision to instruct the Finnish Immigration Service to grant residence permits to Ingrian Finns as ‘returnee’ migrants. The Immigration Service defined returnee migrants as those who can prove ‘Finnish ancestry or otherwise a close connection with Finland’.1 Koivisto argued that Ingrian Finns met this qualification as the descendants of Finnish migrants to the historical province of Ingria, nowadays part of north-western Russia and Estonia. -
World Council of Churches Financial Report 2016
World Council of Churches Financial Report 2016 1 World Council of Churches Financial Report 2016 World Council of Churches 150 Route de Ferney P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland Contents page Report to the Member Churches on the 2016 Financial Report 5 Report of the Statutory Auditor to the Executive Committee 9 and to the Member Churches Schedule I: Consolidated Balance Sheet 11 Schedule II: Consolidated Income & Expenditure Account 12 Schedule III: Consolidated Statement of Movements in Funds & Reserves 13 Schedule IV: Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 15 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 16 Schedule V: Restricted Funds 34 Schedule VI (a) and (b): Restricted Funds Programmes 35 Schedule VII: Unrestricted and Designated Funds 37 Schedule VIII: Unrestricted Operating Funds 38 Annual Summary of Contributions 39 Non-financial Contributions 49 Note on Membership Contributions 52 Financial Report 2016 5 REPORT TO MEMBER CHURCHES ON THE 2016 FINANCIAL REPORT We present with pleasure the financial report of the World Council of Churches for 2016, the third in the new cycle of work from 2014 to 2021. The 10th Assembly, Busan 2013, called the churches and ecumenical partners to join in a “pilgrimage of justice and peace.” In 2016, the Council moved forward with its strategy, working with churches and all people of goodwill in fostering new ways to further justice and peace. Financial results 2016 In 2016, the World Council of Churches reported total income of CHF 25 million, total expenditure of CHF 26.3 million and a resultant net decrease in funds and reserves of CHF 1.3 million. -
November 6, 2014 Synod Mailing Letter Dear Sisters and Brothers In
November 6, 2014 Synod Mailing Letter Dear Sisters and Brothers in Christ – May grace and peace be yours in abundance (I Peter 1:2a). 2014 Conference Conventions This fall we gathered again in three conference conventions under the theme: Fed and Nourished, Filled and Refreshed, based on a portion of the hymn text, Baptized and Set Free. Together we explored, considered, dialoged and provided feedback to the “Study Guide on Word and Sacrament Ministry;” we worshipped ; and participated in necessary conference business and decision-making; including the election of rostered delegates to the 2015 National Convention. Two conferences also elected a new Dean: the West Central Conference elected Rev. Kathy Calkins (Peace, Innisfail) and the Southwest Conference elected Rev. Kristian Wold (Hope, Calgary). Thank you to Rev. John Lentz and Rev. Dennis Aicken for their years of service as Dean…and to their families and congregations…and to those continuing to serve as Dean: Rev. Markus Wilhelm, Rev. Eleanor Ness and Rev. Reg Berg. Much thanks to those congregations who hosted our conference conventions: Lakeland Lutheran, Cold Lake; Bethel and Messiah Lutheran, Camrose; and Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Lethbridge. Study Guide on Word and Sacrament Ministry In addition to our brief focus at the 2014 conference conventions I encourage individuals, congregations, cluster groups to study the Faith, Order and Doctrine (FOD) Committee of the National Church Council’s (NCC) study guide, “Study Guide on Word and Sacrament Ministry.” In the fall of 2012, the Faith, Order and Doctrine (FOD) Committee was asked by the National Church Council to consider the question of licensing lay people for sacramental ministry.