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Annual Report 2006 Annual Report for the period 1st January – 31st December 2013 (Contract number MB0111) Compiled by R. Deaville (ZSL) Contributing Authors- A. Brownlow and N. Davison (SRUC) B. Smith, M.Clery and R.C. Sabin (NHM) R. Penrose (MEM) P.D. Jepson and M. Perkins (ZSL) This report results from work conducted by the collaborative UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme. Partner organisations are Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the Scottish Rural College, Inverness (SRUC), the Natural History Museum (NHM) and Marine Environmental Monitoring (MEM). Funding bodies Contract manager Partner organisations UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme MB0111 Marine Biodiversity Division, Defra Information on the UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme can also be found at www.ukstrandings.org. Data summarised in this report was collected in the UK under contract to Defra and the Devolved Administrations between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2013. Data was collected under contract number MB0111 (2011-2014). Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL) - Contractor Regent’s Park London NW1 4RY Tel: 020 7449 6672 Fax: 020 7586 1457 Web: www.zsl.org/science/ Scottish Rural College, Inverness (SRUC) - Subcontractor Wildlife Unit Drummondhill Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ Tel: 01463 243030 Fax: 01463 711103 Web: www.sruc.ac.uk/ The Natural History Museum (NHM) - Subcontractor Cromwell Road South Kensington London SW7 5BD Tel: 020 7942 5155 Fax: 020 7942 5572 Web: www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/strandings/ Marine Environmental Monitoring (MEM) - Subcontractor Penwalk, Llechryd Cardigan Ceredigion West Wales SA43 2PS Tel: 01239 682405 Web: www.strandings.com Strandings in the UK can be reported on 0800 652033. http://www.facebook.com/pages/Cetacean-Strandings-Investigation-Programme-UK-strandings/142706582438320 2 www.ukstrandings.org DRAFT CSIP Annual Report 2013 Executive summary During 2013, 625 cetaceans were reported to the UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP), comprising at least 17 species, a figure broadly comparable to that reported during the previous four year period (mean n=513, 2009- 2012). Of these, 562 were found stranded and dead, 38 were seen to have stranded alive (of which nine were refloated) and 25 were dead cetaceans found at sea (two of which were found entangled in netting). Consistent with previous years, the most common UK-stranded cetacean species in 2013 were the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, n=417) and the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis, n=69). Five reports of UK stranded marine turtles and one report of a UK stranded basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) were also received during 2013. Although not part of its formal remit, data on stranded seals continue to be collected by the CSIP and during 2013, 398 dead stranded seals were recorded by the CSIP, with the majority (n=214) being recorded in Scotland. There were also five stranding events involving two or more animals during 2013 (the largest of which involved four animals). During 2013, 143 cetacean strandings (comprising 11 species) and two marine turtles (comprising two species) were examined at post mortem using standardised protocols. No UK stranded basking sharks were examined during 2013. The most common causes of mortality of the 95 harbour porpoises examined at post-mortem during 2013 were starvation (n=23, including nine neonates), infectious disease (n=19, mainly pneumonias due to combinations of parasitic and/or bacterial infections), entanglement in fishing gear (by-catch, n=16), bottlenose dolphin attack (n=15) and live stranding (n=7). All cases of fatal attack from bottlenose dolphins occurred in areas of sympatric distribution of these two species. There were no consistent trends in any cause of death category for UK-stranded harbour porpoises between 2009 and 2013. The most common cause of mortality of the 20 short- beaked common dolphins investigated at post mortem during 2013 was by-catch (n=7). The proportion of UK stranded cetaceans diagnosed as by-catch during 2013 was very broadly similar to that recorded during the previous four year period. Data and tissue samples generated from the systematic examination of UK-stranded cetacean carcasses since 1990 continues to support a broad range of multidisciplinary scientific research activity and has resulted in over 200 publications within the peer-reviewed scientific literature in that period, including 19 published during 2013. Further information on the CSIP can be found at www.ukstrandings.org. 3 www.ukstrandings.org DRAFT CSIP Annual Report 2013 Contents Executive Summary 3 Contents 4 1 List of Tables, Figures and Plates 5 2 Introduction 8 3 Materials and methods 9 4 Cetacean, marine turtle and basking shark strandings around 14 the UK coastline for the year 2013 4.1 Mass strandings 21 5 Summary of UK-stranded cetaceans, marine turtles and basking sharks in 2013 (by species) 5.1 Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) 23 5.2 Short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) 26 5.3 White beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) 28 5.4 Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) 28 5.5 Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) 29 5.6 Long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) 29 5.7 Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) 30 5.8 Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) 31 5.9 Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) 31 5.10 Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) 32 5.11 Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) 32 5.12 Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 32 5.13 Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) 32 5.14 Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) 32 5.15 Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) 34 5.16 Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) 34 5.17 Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) 34 5.18 Indeterminate species 36 5.19 Marine turtles 36 5.20 Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) 37 5.21 Seals 39 6 Post mortem investigations and causes of death data 41 7 Spatial distribution of cause of death categories 44 8 Collaborations and outputs 46 8.1 Investigations of relationships between environmental 46 contaminants and health status 8.2 Additional collaborative research activity 46 4 www.ukstrandings.org DRAFT CSIP Annual Report 2013 8.3 2013 Publications 49 8.4 2013 Conference abstracts 52 8.4 International Whaling Commission workshop on 53 large live stranded cetacean euthanasia 8.5 Natural History Museum 100th anniversary meeting 53 8.6 Science Uncovered, Natural History Museum 53 9 References 54 10 Glossary of terms and acronyms 56 11 Acknowledgments 57 12 Appendix 1 Contact details for the reporting of strandings 61 in the UK 13 Appendix 2 Carcass selection criteria for post-mortem 63 examination of UK stranded cetaceans 14 Appendix 3 Marine litter ingestion and/or entanglement 68 15 Appendix 4 Summary of causes of death 2013 70 1 Tables, Figures and Plates 1.1 Tables Table 1 Reported strandings of cetaceans, marine turtles and basking sharks 17 in the UK during 2013 Table 2 Reported strandings of cetaceans, marine turtles and basking sharks 18 in the UK 2009-2013 Table 3 Post-mortem investigations conducted on UK stranded cetaceans 41 during 2013 Table 4 Post-mortem investigations conducted on stranded cetaceans and 41 marine turtles in England during 2013 Table 5 Post-mortem investigations conducted on stranded cetaceans in 42 Scotland during 2013 Table 6 Post-mortem investigations conducted on stranded cetaceans and 42 Marine turtles in Wales during 2013 Table 7 Post-mortem investigations conducted on stranded cetaceans in 42 Northern Ireland during 2013 Table 8 Causes of death of cetaceans and marine turtles examined at 43 post mortem in the UK in 2013 Table 9 Reported strandings in England, Scotland and Wales 2009-2013 64 (aggregated data) Table 10 Regional harbour porpoise stranding data (2009-2013) in relation 65 to the current limits of 55-65 annual PME’s 5 www.ukstrandings.org DRAFT CSIP Annual Report 2013 Table 11 Recommended 2013 allocation of harbour porpoise PME’s by area 65 and month, based on 2009-2013 reported stranding data Table 12 Regional common dolphin stranding data (2009-2013) in relation 66 to the current limits of 15-20 annual PME’s Table 13 Recommended 2013 allocation of common dolphin PME’s by area 66 and month, based on 2009-2013 reported stranding data Table 14 Regional stranding data for other cetacean species, excluding 67 harbour porpoises, common dolphins and strandings of indeterminate identity (2009-2013) in relation to the current limits of 10-25 annual PME’s Table 15 Recommended 2013 allocation of other cetacean species PME’s 67 by area and month, based on 2009-2013 reported stranding data Table 16 Marine litter ingestion or entanglement in cetacean strandings 68 examined at post-mortem in the UK during 2013 1.2 Figures Figure 1 Organisational structure of the CSIP 8 Figure 2 Outline process in strandings reporting and post-mortem examinations 10 in the UK by the CSIP consortium Figure 3 Reported cetacean strandings in England, Scotland, Wales and 15 Northern Ireland 2009-2013 Figure 4 Annual numbers of reported strandings of cetaceans (all species), 15 harbour porpoises and common dolphins in the UK(1990-2013) Figure 5 UK regions used for analysis of data 16 Figure 6 Inter annual variation in UK regional reported strandings of harbour 19 porpoises (2009-2013) Figure 7 Inter annual variation in UK regional reported strandings of common 19 dolphins (2009-2013) Figure 8 Inter annual variation in UK regional reported strandings of cetacean 20
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