Assessment of Groundwater Quality in New Emerging Capital of A.P (Amaravathi) P
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ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.06,Issue.13 April-2017, Pages:2619-2622 www.ijsetr.com Assessment of Groundwater Quality in New Emerging Capital of A.P (Amaravathi) P. AKHIL TEJA1, V. JAYA KRISHNA2, CH. MANIKANTA3, P. JAGADISH KUMAR4, M MUSALAIAH5 1UG Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering, MVR College of Engineering and Technology, Paritala, AP, India. 2UG Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering, MVR College of Engineering and Technology, Paritala, AP, India. 3UG Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering, MVR College of Engineering and Technology, Paritala, AP, India. 4UG Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering, MVR College of Engineering and Technology, Paritala, AP, India. 5Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, MVR College of Engineering and Technology, Paritala, AP, India. Abstract: Rapid industrialization is going all over the world, especially in the developing countries like India. Because, the major source of country’s income will comes through the industries. The increasing in the number of the industries, pollute the environment by releasing the toxic gases and toxic waste into the air and water thus contributing the air and water pollution respectively. As a result, the air and water quality of the surrounding villages will be put in danger. Assessment of the ground water quality has always been paramount in the field of environmental quality management. In the present study, the ground water quality of Amaravathi City has been studied. The Groundwater samples were collected from all 25 villages of three mandals Mangalagiri, Tadepalli, Thullur which come under capital region. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard APHA 1985 procedures. From the analyzed data, WQI has been calculated using Weighted Average method. The variations of water quality on different samples were also discussed. Keywords: Groundwater, Sampling, Analysis, Water Quality, Standards, Water Quality Index. I. INTRODUCTION This leads to lack of access to safe potable water supply to Water is the most common liquid on the Earth. Life, millions of people. It becomes imperative to regularly prosperity, and civilization revolve around water in the monitor the quality of groundwater and to device ways and whole world. The availability of a water supply adequate in means to protect it. Water Quality Index is one of the terms of both quantity and quality is essential to human most effective tools to communicate information on existence. Early people recognized the importance of water overall quality status of water to the concerned user from a quantity view point. Civilization developed around community and policy makers. Thus, it becomes an water bodiesthat could support agriculture and transportation important parameter for the assessment and management of as well as provided drinking water. Recognition of the ground water. The purpose of study is to disclose the importance of the water quality developed more slowly. groundwater water quality in Amaravathi region. After the Early humans could judge the water quality only through the bifurcation of the state our government decided Amaravathi physical sense of sight, taste and odour. The mean daily as the capital city for the newly formed Andhra Pradesh. For intake of water by man is estimated to be 3% of the body selecting any city as a capital we have to consider basic weight. Thus water for drinking purposes must not contain elements of living Food, Water and Shelter. Depending on harmful substances that causes adverse effects, but at the these three elements, a city needs to be planned. The city same time should be aesthetically acceptable to the should have multitudinous sources for these elements and consumer. The water covers about three quarters of our should provide abundant supplies for the future generation. planet and it is said to note that particularly in rural areas One of those basic elements is Water. Amaravathi is situated about 70% of the world population survive without clean on the south bank of River Krishna. One of the sources is water. Ground water is a precious natural gift and an River water and we cannot depend entirely on the River important renewable resource having several inherent water for our daily consumption. Other important source is advantages over surface water. It is a good source of groundwater, as the matter of fact we want to analyze the fresh water available on the earth. The demand for water groundwater of the city. The present work reveals whether has increased over the years and this has led to water scarcity the water is suitable or unsuitable for drinking purpose in the in many parts of the world. The situation is aggravated by study area. the problem of water pollution or contamination. India II. STUDY AREA is heading towards a fresh water crisis mainly due to AMARAVATHI is the capital city of newly formed improper management of water resources and environmental Indian State of Andhra Pradesh. The planned city is located degradation. on the southern banks of Krishna River in Guntur district. As Copyright @ 2017 IJSETR. All rights reserved. P. AKHIL TEJA, V. JAYA KRISHNA, CH. MANIKANTA, P. JAGADISH KUMAR, M MUSALAIAH the city is being built in Guntur district, on the bank of the TABLE I: List of Samples Collected Krishna River it is just 12 and 24 kilometres from Vijayawada and Guntur cities respectively. The city is located at 16.541oN 80.515oE on the south bank of Krishna river. The capital city is spread over an area of 217.23 KM2 and will comprise into three mandals Mangalagiri, Thullur and Tadepalli by forming 25 villages. As per 2011 census population of the city was 1, 03,000 and the corresponding population of the metropolitan area were 5.8 million as shown in Fig.1. A. Water Quality Index Estimation Water Quality Index (WQI) is a very useful and efficient method for assessing the quality of water. Water Quality Index is very useful tool for communicating the information Fig.1. Location map of the study area. on overall quality of water. To determine the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purpose, WQI is computed III. MATERIALS AND METHODS by adopting the following formula. Table 2 provides the A. Sample Collection Ground water samples were collected in the month of information about water quality parameter, their BIS February 2017. A field investigation was done to overview standards and weight ages and table 3 provides the information of water quality index categories. Water Quality the quality of bore well water in various locations of the Index (WQI) is given by the formula, town. Bore wells were pumped for 5min before taking the water samples. Before that, the bottles were rinsed with the corresponding water that is being taken into the container, (1) filled completely and closed well. The capacity of each Qi = water quality rating, bottle was 5L. A total of 25 numbers of samples were Wi = weight age value of respective parameter collected from different locations of the city. After the completion of sampling, the containers were stored in a cool and dark place. The Groundwater samples were collected (2) from all 25 villages of three mandals Mangalagiri, Tadepalli, Va = actual value present in water sample, Thullur which come under capital region. The samples are Vs = standard value of water analyzed using standard procedures in the laboratory Vi = ideal value (0 for all except pH and DO) (APHA, 1985). The sampling stations are tabulated in the Table 1. To estimate the quality of water we have to analyze W = various physical and chemical parameters in each collected i sample. The parameters analyzed in the laboratory according to lab procedures, and those are Electrical Conductivity, (3) Turbidity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Sn (or) Vs = standard value Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium, Iron, Fluorides, K = Constant Chlorides, Nitrites, Nitrates and Sulphates. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.06, IssueNo.13, April-2017, Pages: 2619-2622 Assessment of Groundwater Quality in New Emerging Capital of A.P (Amaravathi) TABLE II: Water Quality Parameter, Standards And Note: Turbidity in NTU, Electrical Conductivity in mhos Weight Age Values and remaining all parameter in mg/lit. B. Water Quality Index Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single number that expresses the overall water quality at a certain location and time based o several water quality parameters. The objective of WQI is to turn the complex water quality data into an information which is easily understandable by public. The Water Quality Index (WQI) for each collected sample was calculated by using the above explained procedure. The TABLE III: Water Quality Index Categories calculated values of WQI for each village are tabulated in the Table 5. TABLE V: Determined Values Of WQI For All Villages IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Analysis Of Results Groundwater samples collected from all the villages of the three mandals namely Mangalagiri, Tadepalli and Thullur which comes under Amaravathi region were analyzed by the APHA standard procedure the concentration of parameters in various samples are tested and given in Table.4.The analysis include testing of various Physical and Chemical parameters namely Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium, Iron, Fluorides, Chlorides, Nitrites, Nitrates and Sulphates. TABLE IV: List Of Values of Various Parameters For All Villages From the determined WQI values, the status of ground water quality in all villages was explained. The water quality index was found to be excellent in the villages Bethapudi, Nowluru, Yerrabalem, Mangalagiri, Nidamarru, Undavalli, Thullur, Dondapadu, where as the WQI was found to be good in the villages Atmakur, Uddandarayunipalem, Tadepalli, Anantavaram. WQI was poor in the villages Venkatapalem, Krishnayapalem, Mandadam. Villages with Very Poor range are Malkapuram, Rayapudi, Nelapadu. Villages where WQI is very poor are Penumaka, Inavolu, Velagapudi,Lingayapalem,Borupalem, Nekkallu, Sakhamuru are the villages where water is unfit for drinking.