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An Analysis of a Radio Frequency Sensor As a Means to Remotely Sense Selected Surface Topographies in an Agriculture Environment

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An Analysis of a Radio Frequency Sensor As a Means to Remotely Sense Selected Surface Topographies in an Agriculture Environment University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2001 An analysis of a radio frequency sensor as a means to remotely sense selected surface topographies in an agriculture environment Barry Michael Alexia University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2001 Barry Michael Alexia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Alexia, Barry Michael, "An analysis of a radio frequency sensor as a means to remotely sense selected surface topographies in an agriculture environment" (2001). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 720. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/720 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AN ANALYSIS OF A RADIO FREQUENCY SENSOR AS A MEANS TO REMOTELY SENSE SELECTED SURFACE TOPOGRAPHIES IN AN AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Industrial Technology- Approved : JU Dr. Mohammed F. Fahmy, Cnair Dr. Recayi Pecen, Co-Chair Dr. Teresa J. K. Hall, Committee Member A /'-'I Dr. Bruce G. Rogers , Cemmiittee Member Brian Mahoney, Committee Member Barry Michael Alexia University of Northern Iowa December 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number. 3035109 Copyright 2001 by Alexia, Barry Michael All rights reserved. UMI__ ® UMI Microform 3035109 Copyright 2002 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. Ail rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by BARRY MICHAEL ALEXIA 2001 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AN ANALYSIS OF A RADIO FREQUENCY SENSOR AS A MEANS TO REMOTELY SENSE SELECTED SURFACE TOPOGRAPHIES IN AN AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT An Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted in Particle Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Industrial Technology- Approved : ------- Dr. Mohammed F. Fahmy, Committee Chair j/(J, Dr./John W. Somervill Dean/of the Graduate College Barry Michael Alexia University of Northern Iowa December 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon under investigation. The remotely sensed data can be of many forms, including variations in force distribution, acoustic wave distribution, or electromagnetic energy distribution. Information thus acquired can be used for observing, monitoring, and studying planetary surfaces and environments. Because there are many ways to acquire data about targets of interest, there are many types of remote sensors that can be used, including visible, infrared, and active and passive microwave radio frequency (RF) sensors. This research specifically addresses active RF remote sensing. When one investigates RF sensors for agriculture (Ag) applications, the investigator finds very limited production use of RF technology. The limited use stems from the fact that RF applications for Ag equipment are usually driven by automotive desires and not by Ag needs. The hypotheses of this exploratory study was to determine the signal return profile (radiated return output Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. power) or Radar Cross Section (RCS) are within the FCC Article 47 guidelines of three surface topographies. The three surfaces are tilled soil, grass, and concrete. Additionally, to a certain extent, this study tried to identify the capability of the radio frequency sensor as a means to measure ground speed of an Ag vehicle. The purpose of this exploratory study was to provide technical data (i.e., RCS) on the three surface topographies of tilled soil, grass, and concrete. Additionally, the purpose of the study was to investigate and provide information on four radio frequency radar principles that could be used in Ag applications, and to determine which of the four radar principles provide the optimum RCS over the selected surface topographies. Based upon the analyses of data, it was concluded that the correlation between multiple faceted surface topographies (e.g., tilled soil and grasses) was more statistically significant as to true ground speed than that of a smooth surface (i.e., concrete). Further, it was concluded that the correlation or feasibility of use between radio frequency technology and agriculture applications was again statistically significant. Given the outcomes of the study, recommendations for further Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. study were warranted and may be utilized to further define the relationship between radio frequency sensor development and agricultural applications. It was recommended that this exploratory study be replicated. In addition, other recommendations for further study were also made. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In taking this opportunity to reflect back over the several years of work, I want to take a moment to thank those who have given of their time and effort to help make this dissertation something of which I can be proud. With that thought in mind, I express my deepest appreciation to the following people. First and foremost to my wife Glenda Lee, who made many personal and professional sacrifices to ensure a stable household and a positive environment for me to study. Additionally, to our children, Adrianne Jeanette, Yale Michael, and Ian Joseph, who all endured my late night classes, weekend studying, and most of all, their understanding as to why Dad could not attend many of their school plays, recitals, and athletic contests. My heart goes out to all of you for your love and understanding. I would like to thank with deep gratitude the Industrial Technology Department Head and Advisor Dr. Mohammed F. Fahmy for his guidance and unfailing support while attending classes and in preparation of this dissertation. You truly are a friend and guiding light throughout this entire project. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The author is grateful to Dr. Pecen (co-advisor) for his direction and support of electromagnetic theory and application during the research preparation and analysis of the radar data. To Dr. Hall, whose unwavering support and keen understanding of asking the right questions ensured a thorough and successful research project. To Dr. Mahoney, for his sharp wit and his direction that ensured the data acquisition system and field-testing would provide guidance to future researchers of RF technologies. A special thanks to Dr. Rogers of the Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations for his direction and statistical expertise, and for providing the time to advise and discuss the latest sensing technology under development in industry and the military. In closing, I want to recognize the life long support and love of both my parents. They instilled within me the drive and persistence necessary to complete a task. I love you Mom and Dad. Reproduced with
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