North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan December 2014 North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan

December 2014

Red Canoe LLC FOREWORD

The North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department is celebrating its 50th Anniversary in 2015. As we look to our past and what has been accomplished over those 50 years, great things have happened and many families have created wonderful memories hiking trails, swimming in lakes and sitting by a campfire at the end of a long summer day. Recognizing the evolution of the ‘State Park’ throughout the past 50 years, it’s important to look forward and prepare for what’s to come in the next 50 years. North Dakota is growing. The ways by which people recreate is growing. Our mission as a department is to provide recreation opportunities for the people of the great state of North Dakota. As we look to meet the needs of our constituents, master planning efforts provide great insight into user trends and needs through public meetings, participation surveys and great conversations with stakeholders in the surrounding areas.

As the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area came on line in 2012, the focus for development was to provide opportunity for Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) users to recreate with the implementation of a trail system to accommodate all classes of machines. It is clear, through this planning and input process, that OHV use remains important to the visitors of the Rendezvous Region but this is just one of many recreational opportunities in the Pembina Gorge. Hiking, biking, equestrian, canoeing, kayaking, along with many more, were identified as recreational activities sought after in the Pembina Gorge. Along with these activities, people are looking for associated amenities to meet their needs while they are here. It is very clear, as well, that people recognize the value of the Pembina Gorge in the sense of wilderness that it captures and is rarely found in North Dakota. To address this, we’ve developed some guiding statements to help define both the area and the overall theme of development. The main guiding statement reads: “The Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area was established to provide various types of recreation, while conserving the natural resources and preserving the intrinsic quality of the area.” So, with that statement in mind, we’ve designated the forested areas of the Pembina Gorge for conservation and recreation, while keeping development of amenities to the outlying areas as we work to provide access and opportunities for recreationists all four seasons of the year.

The Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan lays out a framework to create a recreation destination like no other in North Dakota. With breathtaking views and opportunity abound, the next phase of the development of this area promises to deliver great results as people become more familiar with the Rendezvous Region and northeastern North Dakota. We look forward to seeing the visitor’s smiles and gasps as they explore the Pembina Gorge, maybe for the first time, and appreciate the beauty that exists right here in our state.

Mark Zimmerman

NDPRD Director

i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Pembina Gorge is an extraordinary river valley located near the Town of Walhalla in northeast North Dakota. The Gorge is rich in scenic views, biodiversity, wildlife, history and paleontological resources. This combination of landscape and resources has made it a popular outdoor recreation destination for generations. Traditional recreation activities in the Gorge include paddling on the river, hiking, hunting, scenic driving, downhill skiing, snowmobiling, off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding, among others. The Gorge is an important resource for recreation and the economy for nearby private land owners and the Town of Walhalla.

The State of North Dakota established the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area (SRA) in 2005 and is managed by North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department (NDPRD). The SRA was established to provide various types of outdoor recreation, while conserving the natural resources and preserving the intrinsic quality of the area. The SRA is approximately 1,500 acres of state-owned lands and has visitors that come from communities in North Dakota, northwest Minnesota, Manitoba Province in Canada, among others. A trailhead and 16 mile multi-use trail were constructed in 2012 which in particular has become a popular destination for OHV and mountain bike recreation. There this currently 1 full-time and 1 long term seasonal year round employees; with a seasonal trail crew of 2 managing the SRA.

NDPRD developed a master plan for the SRA in 2014 to create a long-term vision for visitor experience, facility development, resource conservation, and management. The plan was developed with extensive input from the public and government agencies. Research was conducted to identify opportunities, constraints and public opinion about preferred recreation experiences. The recreation opinion survey showed a strong preference for camping, restrooms, picnic areas, more trails and a visitor center.

Guiding statements have been prepared for the SRA that document its purpose, signifi cance, goals, objectives, primary visitor experiences and interpretive themes. The SRA and Pembina Gorge area have the potential to become a signifi cant destination for outdoor recreation activities in North Dakota. The key to making it a destination is to create a recreation network of rural roads, trails, river access, overlooks, and visitor services both in and around the SRA; as well as the Town of Walhalla. Along with providing more recreation opportunities, it will be important to conserve the Gorge’s resources and natural landscape while respecting private property.

The master plan document defi nes solutions and priorities to implement it over time. Successful implementation of the plan will require funding and cooperation with collaborating organizations. SRA visitors, residents of North Dakota, the Town of Walhalla and other collaborating organizations will benefi t from implementation of the master plan. Master plan priorities include forming a collaboration organization, acquiring more land for recreation facilities; developing a campground, scenic driving routes, visitor center, picnic sites, and a variety of trails. If an investment is made to provide unique visitor experiences and quality information, the Pembina Gorge has the potential to become a very popular outdoor recreation destination.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword i

Executive summary ii

Table of Contents iii-iv

Introduction 1

Background 2-22

Geography 5

Climate 6

Hydrology 6-7

Paleontology 7

History 8-9

Natural Resources 9-15

History of Pembina Gorge SRA 15

Community 15-16

Rendezvous Region 16-17

Socio-Economic Setting 17-18

Recreational Opportunities in the Region 18-19

Recreational Use of the SRA 19-22

Research 23-37

Previous Planning Efforts 23-27

Trends in Outdoor Recreation: SCORP, OHV Strategic Plan 27-29

Recreation Opinion Survey 30-35

Visitor Center Feasibility 35-37

Public Outreach for the Master Plan 38-44

Public Meetings 1 through 3 and Public Input 38-43

Implementation Tasks for the Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan 43-44

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Master Plan 45-70

Introduction 45

Guiding Statements 45-46

Goals & Objectives 46-48

Alternative Concepts 48-50

Preferred Action 51-70

Introduction 51-54

Master Plan Elements 55-66

Probable Cost to Develop Select Recreation Facilities 67-68

Implementation Strategy 69-70

Contributors 71

Acronyms 72

References 73

Appendices

Public Recreation Survey

Visitor Center Feasibility Study

Probable Cost to Develop Select Recreation Facilities

iv BACKGROUND

Introduction The Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area (SRA) is located in a beautiful valley carved by the Pembina River in northeast North Dakota. The SRA is 1,497 acres of state-owned lands located about 6 miles west of the Town of Walhalla. The State of North Dakota established the SRA in 2005 and North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department (NDPRD) has managed it for public recreation and resource conservation. SRA visitors come from communities in North Dakota, northwest Minnesota, Manitoba Province in Canada, among others.

NDPRD developed this master plan for the SRA to create a long-term vision for visitor experience, facility development, resource conservation, and management. The plan was developed with extensive input from the public and government agencies. Research was conducted to identify opportunities, constraints and public opinion about preferred recreation experiences. This master plan document defi nes solutions and priorities to implement over time. Successful implementation of the plan will require funding and cooperation with collaborating organizations. SRA visitors, residents of North Dakota, the Town of Walhalla and other collaborating organizations will benefi t from implementation of the master plan.

1 Background Canada United States Walhalla Pembina Gorge Study Area 32 5 Langdon Cavalier Minnesota North Dakota North

Sources: Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, USGS, Intermap, iPC, NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), TomTom, 2013 Regional Context 0840 0 Miles Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Map # 1 2 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan CANADA UNITED STATES

Little North Pembina River

Texas Crossing

32 Pembina County Pembina Lady Slipper Trail Cavalier County

Main Trailhead

Walhalla

55 Vang Bridge Frost Fire

Little South Pembina River Brick Mine

Pembina River

Tetrault Woods

32

Copyright:© 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed USGS Topo Map Rivers Scenic Backway Pembina Gorge SRA Existing Multi-Use Trail (16 miles) Township/County Roads 010.5 Non-Motorized Trails (4.2 miles) Study Area 11/12/14 Miles Master Plan MAP #2 3 Background CANADA UNITED STATES

Little North Pembina River

Texas Crossing

32 Pembina County Pembina Lady Slipper Trail County Cavalier

Main Trailhead

Walhalla

55 Vang Bridge Frost Fire

Little South Pembina River Brick Mine

Pembina River

Tetrault Woods

32

Rivers Scenic Backway Slope Topography Steep Existing Multi-Use Trail (16 miles) Township/County Roads Pembina Gorge SRA Non-Motorized Trails (4.2 miles) Study Area Flat 010.5 11/12/14 Miles Master Plan

4 MAP #3 Background Background Geography The following synopsis of the geology of the study The Pembina River runs southeasterly out of the area is derived from information contained in Bulletin Canadian Drift Prairie, entering North Dakota 40 62-Part 1, Geology of Cavalier and Pembina Counties, miles west of the Minnesota-North Dakota border. published in 1975 by the North Dakota Geological At the Pembina Escarpment (aka Second Pembina Survey (NDGS) and from fi eld study by the author. Mountain) the river passes out of the Drift Prairie The study area lies atop granite and amphibolite physiographic district and veers to the east, cutting a (rock containing crystal structures formed under high deep gorge through the sandy delta deposited during heat and/or pressure) bedrock which is overlain by the Pleistocene Age when the Pembina River waters cretacious shales 65 to 135 million years old. The fl owed into glacial Lake Agassiz. Five miles to the bulk of the study area is made up of three distinct rock east, the river fl ows out past the steep Pembina Delta (shale) formations, the Carlile, the Niobrara, and the Escarpment (aka First Pembina Mountain) onto the Pierre. The shale lies in distinct layers (strata) with the ancient, nearly level lakebed which is now the Red Carlile being deepest (oldest), overlain by the Niobrara River Valley. The Pembina River then runs easterly, and the Pierre (youngest) in that order. The shale roughly paralleling the United States-Canada border layers are covered by and interspersed with glacial till. for approximately 30 miles, to its confl uence with the The Carlile Formation and the lower units into which Red River of the North (see region map #1). the Pierre formation is divided tend to slump easily The Pembina River Gorge (Gorge) is an area of great when exposed. The Niobrara and the upper units of relief in comparison to the broader and fl atter valley the Pierre are harder and form distinctive cliffs along in Canada to the north and the nearly level lake plain the valley walls in the study area. The instability and in Pembina County to the east. According to maps high erodability of exposed shale is a limiting factor for published by the United States Geological Survey development in the area. (USGS), elevations range from 1,580 feet above sea level in the western part of the study area to 850 feet near the Pembina River channel at its eastern boundary. Map #2,3 shows the rim of the wooded valleys and elevations at various points in the study area.

5 Background Climate contrast, the northeast wall directly faces the sun at the hottest time of day, and receives direct sunlight for 16 The continental climate of the northern Great Plains, hours during the longest days. Some of its soils have including the study area, is characterized by extremes high runoff. Its growing season is longer than the norm, in temperature and large variations in precipitation. its mean temperatures are higher, and the available According to the Final Environmental Impact Statement water is lower. These microclimate differences greatly (EIS) on the Pembilier Lake and Dam, released by the accentuate the natural habitat differences directly U.S. Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, in 1977, associated with stratigraphy. temperatures in the Pembina River Valley historically range from over l00°F to colder than -50°F. Mean Hydrology monthly temperatures range from 68°F in July to 20°F The surface waters which fl ow through the study area in January. Most of the precipitation which falls in the comprise one of its outstanding natural features. The study area has its origin in the Gulf of Mexico. It falls in study area contains the confl uence of two tributaries, the form of snow in the months of November through the Little North Pembina River and the Little South March and as rain the rest of the year. Average annual Pembina River, with the Pembina mainstem. The Little precipitation in the study area is about 18 inches, with South Pembina River cuts through the Drift Prairie the bulk falling as rain during the spring and summer roughly parallel to the mainstem and about fi ve miles months. Some winter-time recreation activities are to the southwest. At the Pembina Escarpment, it turns dependent upon the accumulation of snowfall in the northerly and runs along the boundary between the Drift study area, while rainfall is an impediment to most Prairie and the Pembina Delta before joining the main recreational activities during the remainder of the year. channel. The Little North Pembina River originates The growing season averages about 110 frost free days in Canada and has its confl uence with the mainstem per year in the general area. Pronounced variation in about three miles upstream. The Pembina River has these mean values is to be expected with slope, aspect, a total length of 310 miles and 3,950 square miles of and elevation in the Gorge. For example, the fl oodplain drainage basin. The study area includes a 7.8 mile at the bottom of the Gorge is frequently subject to segment of the Pembina Gorge in Cavalier County, chilly nighttime temperature inversions. Its saturated from the International Boundary to the mouth of the soils remain frozen much longer in spring than aerated Little North Pembina River, plus the 5.2 mile valley soils of surrounding slopes. The actual growing season segment of the Little North Pembina River. in this microhabitat is shorter, mean temperatures Extremes in rate of fl ow are characteristic of the Pembina are lower, and available water capacity is higher. In River and its tributaries. As indicated in USGS records supplied by the National Weather Service in Bismarck, North Dakota, and in interviews with local residents, the channels are frequently fi lled or overfl owing during spring runoff or following heavy rains. By mid to late summer they are often at very low fl ow or contain only intermittent ponds of water. Since 1939, when the USGS began keeping water stage data in the study area, nine fl oods of record have occurred there. According to residents of the study area, little fl ood damage occurs west of the Pembina Delta escarpment. In the lower portion of the Pembina River Basin, lying in the Lake Agassiz plain outside of the study area, farmlands and homes have been repeatedly inundated. It is this fl ooding in the lower reaches of the Pembina River, and

6 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan on the Red River to which the Pembina contributes its fl ow, that has prompted various proposals for fl ood control in the Pembina River Valley.

The waters of the Pembina River are high in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the river usually carries a high sediment load. Corps of Engineers studies of USGS data concluded that the total dissolved solids level exceeds the desirable recommended limit for drinking water a majority of the time. The principal aquifers in the study area are the Pembina River Aquifer and the Pembina Delta Aquifer, both located near the Town of Walhalla. Water quality studies by the USGS indicate that these aquifers yield water which is moderately saline and fairly high in iron content but generally suitable for domestic and industrial use.

Paleontology Rocks of the Carlile, Niobrara, and Pierre Formations are exposed in road cuts and along rivers in the Rendezvous Region. These rocks were deposited in subtropical to warm temperate seas, called the Western Interior Seaway, which covered North Dakota during Late Cretaceous time from about 90 million to 80 million years ago. Fossils of animals and plants that inhabited those seas are entombed in these rocks. Remains of marine reptiles (mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles), fi sh (including sharks), birds, and invertebrates (including clams, cephalopods, snails, corals, and crab) have been recovered from the rocks.

The Mosasaur Plioplatecarpus was one of the reptiles that inhabited the Pierre Sea. Mosasaurs were huge animals, some up to 30 feet long, with lizard-like bodies. Unlike their terrestrial lizard relatives, the limbs of mosasaurs were modifi ed to form fl ippers. Mosasaurs swam by lateral undulations of the posterior part of their bodies and laterally compressed tails. Their fl ippers were used primarily for steering rather than for propulsion as the animal glided through the water. Mosasaurs were active predators and among the main carnivores in the Pierre Sea. They probably preyed on other mosasaurs, fi sh, turtles, and invertebrates. Although mosasaurs were not dinosaurs, they became extinct at the same time as the dinosaurs, about 65 million years ago.

7 Background History most of the Metis lived on the prairie, “few of them The fi rst written accounts of the Pembina Gorge were brave enough to risk ambush of self or their simple log recorded by Capt. Alexander Henry of the Northwest cabins in the brush”. Fur Company in the early 1800s (Lee 1898). Henry Until the early 1880s, much of northeastern Cavalier mentioned that a trading post and several homes had County was sparsely populated, and only a few been constructed in 1802 at the base of the Hair Hills, scattered homesteads occurred in the area (General near present-day Walhalla. The early trappers and Land Survey 1883). In 1888, a small Norwegian the fi rst settlers of the area mentioned high wildlife community, Numedahl, was founded on the northern diversity. Included in the early accounts were reports of rim of the Gorge. Most of these Norwegian settlers deer, elk, bison, and bears (The Record 1898). During built their homesteads on the near-level uplands above early travels in the Pembina Gorge, buffalo trails were the rim of the valley where they cleared brush to make often the only paths available for crossing the forested farmland (Maisel 1979). hills (Maisel 1979). One trapper’s post recorded the following as taken from the Pembina Gorge in the Much of the Pembina Gorge has remained relatively winter of 1801-02: 200 beaver skins, 24 black bears, undisturbed despite the upland homesteading, and it 5 brown bears, 160 wolves, 39 foxes, 14 raccoons, 57 has not changed much in overall aspect since the area fi shers, 5 otters, and 15 mink (Lounsberry 1919). was settled. The General Land Survey (1883) noted that most of this land along the Pembina River and in the There are no specifi c studies that indicate what groups adjacent uplands was “broken and covered with dense of Indians occupied the Pembina Gorge prior to white brush and timber”. Notes from the survey described the settlement. Studies of surrounding areas, however, main valley of the Gorge as being “covered with dense indicate that Dakota, Assiniboine, Cree, and Ojibwa underbrush and scrubby scattered timber, worthless Indians might have frequented the Pembina Gorge except for fuel”. The survey recorded the principal tree (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1983). Many of the species as poplar (aspen), elm, oak, alder, plum, box subsequent inhabitants of the Pembina Valley were elder, and balm of gilead (balsam poplar). The survey Metis, an ethnic group comprised of descendants from records seem to document higher frequency of aspen Indian-European marriages (Young 1982). Information than oak, opposite present conditions. A successional about the Metis is vague, but there is some reason shift favoring oak has probably taken place. to assume that a few may have occupied the study area as early as 1850. Notes from the General Land Extent of woodland disturbance within the Pembina Survey (1883) mentioned that “The poor downtrodden Gorge is unknown, but some areas have been used halfbreed should have been left to their sole (Pembina for fi rewood, homesteads, and grazing. Settlers of Hills) occupancy.” Lee (1898) surmised that by 1872, Numedahl and other local communities frequently

8 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan chopped cordwood during winter months and hauled 1975 and 1976, small fi res burned less than 100 total it to Manitoba for sale (Maisel 1979). Some private acres of woodland (L. Kotchman, pers. comm.). In April landowners still cut wood, but the practice is not of 1980, the Fremont Township Fire along the Little widespread. Early settlers also kept a few head of North Pembina River resulted in a burn of over 1,328 livestock, but feeding the stock proved diffi cult during acres in oak and aspen woodland. The fi re crowned the winter months because of the shortage of prairie through much of the forest, and the area vigorously and hay. Plots of woodland and native prairie in the resprouted to bur oak and aspen, with a dense Gorge were later fenced to provide pasture for cattle. understory of beaked and American hazel. Elsewhere, Pastured woodland in the study area during 1984 was the dense hazel brush and suppressed growth of trees estimated to be less than 200 acres, and hayland less indicates that much of the woodland composition has than 20 acres; but old, fallen barbed wire fences are been infl uenced by fi re. frequently encountered in the woods. The spread of leafy spurge in the Pembina Gorge The 1895 land plats for Cavalier County show that most also warrants note. It has spread widely in the area of the land in the Pembina Gorge had not been claimed since about the 1940s. It pioneers on some of the by that time, though much of the adjacent escarpment large slump faces along the northeast wall, spreads was settled. Field work during 1984 revealed at least downriver along banks and bars, expands along other fi ve abandoned homesteads within the study area, four travel corridors such as roads and trails. It is notably of these comprising less than 1 acre each of cleared profuse in the area of the Fremont Township Burn on forest openings. Many original log homesteads remain the northeastern wall above the Little North Pembina in the fringe of woodland on the rim of the Gorge. River.

Southeast of the study area, the Mayo Brick and Tile Natural Resources Plant operated from 1904-1909, producing bricks from Carlile Formation shale. In more recent years, shale The Pembina River cuts through shale bedrock of from the upper members of the Pierre Formation has the Pembina Escarpment to form a wooded valley of been quarried for local road surfacing material. There spectacular proportions, the Pembina Gorge. Heavily are at least three active open pits in the study area. forested slopes of the Pembina Gorge study area contain about 12,500 acres of timber, brush, and other Forest fi res were apparently a frequent occurrence habitats, and comprise one of the largest woodlands in in the Pembina Gorge during the settlement period. the State. This rugged area encompasses all of the local Settlers often complained that fi res destroyed cordwood NDPRD landholdings, as well as the least accessible and other useful timber (Maisel 1979). In recent history, and least altered of Pembina Gorge landscapes. The several fi res have burned land in the study area. In following information is from Pembina Gorge Natural

9 Background Diversity Inventory conducted by North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory (NDNHI) in 1986.

Physical Characteristics

The study area spans Pembina Gorge valley slopes and valley bottom. The Pembina Gorge averages 1.1 miles in width, and the topographic relief varies from 400-475 feet. It is among the deepest and steepest valleys in the state. The incised, meandering river is usually fi lled with meltwaters during the spring of each year but rarely inundates its fl oodplain. The fl ow is often reduced to a trickle in the dry months of summer. On occasion the river may cease to fl ow. Present topography of the Gorge was formed about 12,000 years B.P., during the late Wisconsinan Glacial Epoch when an outlet of Glacial Lake Souris formed as the glacier retreated, draining via the Pembina River into Glacial Lake Agassiz (Laird 1951; Arndt 1975). Large volumes of surging water from Glacial Lake Souris were carried by the Pembina River, carving out the valley from soft shale bedrock over a relatively short time. The alluvial wash was deposited as a large delta on the western edge of Lake Agassiz, known locally as the “First Mountain”. The First Mountain lies several miles east of the study area, immediately west of Walhalla. The edge of the Pembina Escarpment, or “Second Mountain”, lies immediately east of the study area. As the river was carving steep slopes through this escarpment, enormous blocks of earth slumped, forming hills and knobs and other irregularities in the young terrain.

Walls of the Pembina Gorge are composed of soft Cretaceous shales deposited about 100 million years ago. Three bedrock shale formations are exposed in the study area and include, from bottom to top,

10 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan the Carlile, Niobrara, and Pierre Formations (Arndt highest faunistic and fl oristic diversity in the state. Local 1975). They differ in their stability and susceptibility representation of the three biomes is detailed in the to erosion, resulting in different angles of slope. The section on rare species and natural communities and Carlile Formation is composed of soft, black marine highlighted in the following vegetation cross-section shales that tend to slump easily. These shales are overview. characteristically exposed as large slump blocks along the base of the valley walls. The Niobrara Formation Figure: #1 Pembina Gorge Vegetation Cross-Section. conformably overlies the Carlile shales, and is exposed Source: NDNHI – 1986 along the middle elevations of the Pembina Gorge. From rim to rim, there is an intact cross-section of native The lower member of the Niobrara is a loose, light plant and animal life in sharp contrast to the directly gray, calcareous shale, and the upper member is tan adjacent cleared, drained, gently rolling uplands. to orangish color and calcareous, forming pronounced Starting on the top of the southwest wall and trending cliffs. northeast, the typical Gorge vegetation transect (Figure Biotic Characteristics #1) crosses a variety of habitats. The southwestern valley wall has exceptionally shaded, cool, and The Pembina Gorge is located near three major moist conditions with the greatest development of North American biomes: central grassland, eastern sheltered habitat. It harbors most of the existing boreal deciduous forest, and boreal forest (after Rudd 1951). forest plant species in localized forest or aquatic These biomes are subsumed in the North American communities. It is dissected by short tributary side prairie, Appalachian, and Canadian fl oristic provinces valleys, accommodating the full local range of forest of Cronquist (1982), respectively. The extensive and and aquatic community types, representing interesting relatively sheltered setting supports a diverse fl ora and cross-sections on a smaller scale. There are maximum fauna with biogeographical affi nities corresponding to concentrations of perched wetlands and beaver ponds. the three biomes. This setting signifi es a major North The highest local representation of eastern deciduous American biological crossroads. It has among the forest species is also found here.

Figure #1: Pembina Gorge Vegetation Cross Section. Source NDNHI - 1986

11 Background In the valley bottom, great swathes of thicket interlace Other signifi cant natural diversity features of the with river bars, oxbows, and bands of trees. Oxbow Pembina Gorge, specifi cally its natural communities, ponds are also in the valley bottom. The breeding and rare fauna and fl ora are listed in table #1. The table bird density in the wetland thickets is extremely high; lists the individual features along with their natural over twice that of any other local habitat (Faanes and heritage rank and, where applicable, their status Andrew, 1983). This is also prime habitat for the many according to the Endangered Species Committee of furbearers and large mammals that distinguish the the North Dakota Chapter of the Wildlife Society. Also local fauna. Plant and animal geographical affi nities included in the tables are comments regarding the are a mixture of eastern deciduous forest and northern status and signifi cance of each feature in North Dakota boreal forest. and the Pembina Hills.

On the northeastern wall are the driest habitats, including Natural Communities large slump faces, prairie openings, and shale barrens. They represent woodland openings, and they host Natural communities of the Pembina Gorge are an array of prairie plants. Even the woods here have composed of native plants and animals that belong prairie species intermixed, and the central grassland together and to their common environment. They species representation is highest on this slope. Many of represent fourteen different woody and herbaceous the prairie species are unusual for northeastern North systems, both terrestrial and aquatic. Each of Dakota, being strangely reminiscent of the Badlands the natural communities is distinguished by their fl ora. There are also stringers of perched wetlands, as species associations, community structure, species well as intermittent drainages and beaver ponds. composition, and range of physical parameters. This juxtaposition and interspersion of fourteen natural Biological Signifi cance communities is among the highest documented habitat diversity in the state. Few other areas come close, The Pembina Gorge study area harbors the highest outside of the Badlands. Biogeographical contrasts numbers and concentrations of rare species known within and between these communities are also in North Dakota, including 21 animal species and 30 unique. This is epitomized by the contrasts between, plant species. Of these, eight occur nowhere else in e.g. birch woodland of boreal forest affi nities, and salt the state. The entire fl ora and fauna are notably rich sage barrens, a Great Basin component of central and collectively compose fourteen state-signifi cant grasslands. Individual communities also have peculiar natural communities as well as provide abundant combinations, e.g. magpie birds nesting among hunting and other outdoor recreational resources. The cardinals in well-developed lowland forests, and the Pembina Gorge is a singular landform; a deep river western buffaloberry side-by-side with the eastern valley carved by glacial lake discharge. The study area smooth sumac in shale barren openings. also represents the largest block of woodlands without logged clearings in the state. The exceptional habitat Among the various natural communities are many diversity and rim-to-rim valley integrity distinguishes of state signifi cance, e.g. the most extensive oak this valley segment.

12 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan woodlands, the most extensive wetland thickets, the greatest development of birch woodlands, the least locally disturbed river system, and others summarized in table #1.

Wildlife

The Pembina Gorge has the highest faunal diversity in the state (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1983), and contains a very high concentration of animals rare to North Dakota. At least 79 species of breeding birds are found here, which comprise over a third of the total breeding avifauna of North Dakota (Faanes 1983). Eleven of 14 warblers that occur in the state are breeding birds of the Gorge, and the golden-winged warbler is found nowhere else in North Dakota. The Gorge provides habitat for other species of statewide signifi cance: the alder fl ycatcher nests nowhere else, and contains one of the only naturally occurring elk herds in the state. Many of the rare species found in the Gorge are at the periphery of their range, resulting in a unique faunal assemblage. Populations of species with a northern or southern, eastern or western affi nity intermix. For example, clay-colored sparrows and black-billed magpies, primarily western species, occurred on the same lowland forest site with the eastern species mourning warbler and rubythroated hummingbird. One of the main reasons for the large diversity and density of breeding birds is the large blocks of woodland with well-developed understory and numerous brushy edges. This allows a maximum interspersion of habitats, such as willow thickets adjacent to lowland woodlands, providing requirements for many species.

State Common Name (species or State State Common Name (species or State community) Rank community) Rank Bicknell's Sun Rose S1 Cattail Deep Marsh S3 Bog Birch-willow Rich Fen S1 Chestnut-sided Warbler S3 First order stream S1 Crested Woodfern S3 Leatherwood S1 Delicate Sedge S3 Leathery Grapefern S1 Dotted Smartweed S3 Moonwort S1 Dwarf Honeysuckle S3 Stiff Sandwort S1 Eastern Hardwood Forest S3 Eastern Mixed Floodplain Forest S1S2 Golden-winged Warbler S3 Green Ash-elm-boxelder Floodplain Forest S1S2 Horizontal Juniper-little Bluestem Shrubland S3 Alder Thicket S2 Kalm's Brame S3 Black Ash S2 Mixed Emergent Marsh S3 Central Mixed Grass Prairie S2 Naked Mitrewort S3 Drooping Locoweed S2 Northern Lady-fern S3 Eastern Bur Oak Savanna S2 Paper Birch Forest S3 Flat-leaved Bladderwort S2 Paper Birch-juniper Woodland S3 Lesser Bladderwort S2 Philadelphia Vireo S3 Loesel's Twayblade S2 Pileated Woodpecker S3 Northern Aspen-bur Oak Forest S2 Slough Sedge Shallow Marsh S3 Oakfern S2 Spinulose Woodfern S3 Peduncled Sedge S2 Spurred Gentian S3 Sessile-leaved Bellwort S2 Western Aspen Forest S3 Showy Lady's-slipper S2 White-throated Sparrow S3 Slender Mountain-ricegrass S2 Badlands Shale Slopes S4 Small Yellow Lady's-slipper Orchid S2 Juneberry Thicket S4 Southern Watermeal S2 Mourning Warbler S4 Sweet Coltsfoot S2 Northern Waterthrush S4 Note: Heritage rank: 1 = highest value, 5 = Wood Horsetail S2 Orange-crowned Warbler S4 Dogwood-willow Thicket S2S3 Twinfl ower S4 lowest value, SU = unrankable; due to a lack Silver Sage-western Wheatgrass Scrub S2S3 Alder Flycatcher SU of information or no range can be assigned. Bulrush- Cattail - Burreed Shallow Marsh S3 Canada Warbler SU (Source: NDNHI) Bur Oak Forest S3

Table #1: Rare Animal and Plant Species and Signifi cant Ecological Communities Found in the Pembina Gorge Area & their State Heritage Ranking 13 Background Recent zoological field investigations in the Pembina Plant Natural Diversity Features Gorge have further documented the tremendous diversity of animal life occurring in the area. Faanes The Pembina Gorge contains a disproportionately high and Andrew (1983) conducted extensive breeding floristic diversity for an area of its size. Bypassed by bird surveys in the Gorge during 1981. North Dakota development and unsurpassed in its range of habitats, Natural Heritage Inventory personnel also inventoried the Gorge harbors over 480 species of vascular plants: sections of the Gorge in 1981 and 1983 to further a number roughly equivalent to one-third of the state’s clarify precise locations of rare breeding bird species. flora. Field investigations extending into 1985 resulted Seabloom (1984) surveyed small mammal populations in the addition of 6 species to the state’s flora and the in selected habitats. A fisheries inventory of the upper extensive documentation of 24 additional rare taxa. Pembina River was conducted in 1985 in an effort to The new taxa and distribution records underscore the document the existing diversity and relative abundance Gorge’s biological richness and suggest it has been of fish species. As a result of these field investigations, a among the more understudied areas in North Dakota. number of special animal species have been identified While the Pembina Gorge contains many specialized as occurring in the Pembina Gorge. habitats, three are of particular interest from a rare While NDNHI fieldwork concentrated primarily on rare plant perspective: partially stabilized shale barrens, species, the Pembina Gorge also harbors extensive mesic birch woodlands, and sheltered spring seepages populations of more common game and nongame and spring fed streams. Shale barrens, a product of wildlife species. The ND Game and Fish Department the Pembina Gorge’s unique geology support such regards this region as one of the premier wildlife areas xeric species as stiff sandwort, short-horned ricegrass, in the state. These game and non-game species, while and Polygonum douglasii (Douglas’ knotweed). Birch they are not rare, contribute significantly to the overall woodlands and spring seeps in stark contrast with the ecological diversity of the Pembina Gorge and are dry shale barrens host a complement of mesophytic listed in the table below. As a result of this diversity species. of game and non -game animal species, the Pembina The botanical field investigations also found certain Gorge is very popular with wildlife enthusiasts and rare species are more numerous and less threatened outdoor recreationalists. than originally thought. Such findings are important for Common Game Animals Found in the Gorge they’ve allowed available resources to be redirected • White-tailed deer towards the species in greater need. The juxtaposition • Elk of boreal forest, eastern deciduous forest, and central • Snowshoe hare grasslands in the Pembina Gorge perhaps makes it the • Ruffed grouse most floristically diverse area in North Dakota. Elements • Wild turkey of three floristic provinces, the Appalachian, Canadian • Coyote and North American Prairies (Cronquist 1982), are firmly represented in the Gorge. A few species suggest the influences of additional, outlying provinces. Further fieldwork will undoubtedly reveal more rare species,

14 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan new distributions, and new records of vascular plants the management rights to the 320 acres of land owned from North Dakota. by NDPRD along the Little North Pembina.

The presence of Frost Fire Mountain Ski Resort in the History of Pembina Gorge State Recreation Gorge and Walhalla Country Club adjoining the Gorge Area have boosted visitation to the area. Recreation is the The North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department prevailing local land use in the Gorge. The Gorge is (NDPRD) currently owns approximately 1,497 acres in among the best hunting and trapping areas in the state the Pembina Gorge and along the Little North Pembina. for ruffed grouse and other game. All-terrain vehicle Prior to the creation of the PGSRA and subsequent land (ATV) and snowmobile traffic have grown in recent purchases, this land was referred to as the Walhalla years. It is also used for canoeing, rafting, cross- scattered tracts. A majority of this land was purchased country skiing, fishing, sight-seeing, and other outdoor in 1971 from a single landowner. This purchase activities. constitutes the largest aggregation of undeveloped lands and the largest landholding in general owned by Community NDPRD. These tracts totaled 1,497 acres and were close to evenly divided between the Pembina Gorge The Town of Walhalla, the center of the Pembina and the valley of the Little North Pembina. NDPRD Hills, is located in northwestern Pembina County in tracts vary in size between 40 and 360 acres. the extreme northeastern part of North Dakota. It is approximately 66 miles south and 34 miles west of Interspersed with NDPRD’s land there are tracts owned Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and approximately 66 by other public agencies. Of the approximately 12,500 miles north and 34 miles west of Grand Forks, ND. The acres in the Pembina Gorge above the confluence Town is 5 miles south of the Canadian border and 30 of the Little North Pembina, and along Little North miles west of Minnesota; is served by ND State Highway Pembina 5,916 acres (47%) are in public ownership. No. 32, County Highway No. 55 and by Burlington In several instances tracts owned by NDPRD directly Northern Railroad. Walhalla serves as a trade center of adjoin tracts owned by other public agencies. Thus western Pembina and northeastern Cavalier Counties. large, irregular blocks of public lands are formed. It is a residential center and serves as an outlet for the agricultural and manufacturing products produced in The greatest concentration of public lands is along the area. the Pembina River and the tributary creek bottoms immediately adjoining the river. Approximately eleven The City of Walhalla is one of the earliest settlements river miles of the Pembina River are within the Gorge in North Dakota and the Upper Midwest. LaVerendrye, study area, and more than 6 miles are bordered on an early French explorer, traveled in the Pembina Hills both sides by public land. The Little North Pembina area a full century before other North Dakota areas were contains a slightly higher concentration, though lesser settled and explored. As the pressure to move toward acreage, of public lands. The North Dakota Game and western frontiers gained momentum, development of Fish Department is the largest single landowner in the new areas occurred first along the best transportation study area. In addition to owning 4,419 acres, they hold

15 Background routes; the rivers in this area. The Red and Pembina In the 1850’s and the 1860’s the different Indian Rivers provided the needed transportation for the fur tribes (Sioux, Chippewa, Cree and Assiniboin) fought traders and explorers in the early 19th century. It was amongst themselves and later attacked several groups not until 1845 that Walhalla was established. French of early settlers and missionaries. Alsonzo Barnard and and English fur traders, Catholic Missionaries, and D.B. Spenser, who brought the fi rst printing press to settlers came in increasing numbers in the 1850s and Walhalla, along with some other settlers, were killed by 1860s to gather the furs, farm land, and to convert the Indians in 1852. The mixing of the early French traders Indians to the Catholic religion. and the Indians created a new ethnic group called the Metis. The Metis have a colorful history in their struggles Father Belcourt is credited with establishing the Town for homeland in Canada and in their lifestyles. of Walhalla in 1845, which is about 40 years earlier then the settlement period of most other North Dakota Development of Walhalla continued with the arrival communities. Father Belcourt moved his church school of farmers and the railroad in the 1880’s. As Walhalla from Pembina to Walhalla due to severe fl ooding in is one of the earliest communities in the area, it Pembina. He named the site St. Joseph, which was later developed the services and trade necessary to support changed (in 1871) to Walhalla “Valley of the Gods”. St. the agricultural activities in the surrounding trade area. Joseph served as a temporary county seat of Kittson Today the city still functions as a trade center and is County, Walsh, Pembina and parts of Cavalier County, one of the most viable communities in northeastern when the fi rst divisions of counties were made by the North Dakota. fi rst Dakota Territory legislative session in Yankton, South Dakota, in 1862. Also, in 1862 the Walhalla post Rendezvous Region offi ce was established. The Rendezvous Region of Northeast North Dakota is Norman Kittson, an American Fur Company agent, built a special place steeped in history, natural resources a trading post in Walhalla in 1843 to gather the abundant and friendly people. The cities of Pembina, Walhalla, furs from the Indians who trapped in the Pembina Hills. Cavalier and Langdon comprise the boundaries of the This trading post, the oldest building in North Dakota, Rendezvous Region. Working together, the four cities is preserved by the State Historical Society in Walhalla. have joined forces to bring a new focus on their corner Another trading post, located northeast of Walhalla, of the state. was established by Antoine Gingras as early as 1844. The 120 mile corridor offers an amazing array of Gingras worked with Kittson in establishing Walhalla historical sites which date back 200 years to the days as a major trading area at that early period of North when fur trappers, Indians and traders met in the region Dakota’s history. Another early settler was Charles to buy goods and to barter. The annual meetings were Cavalier. Cavalier, the fi rst permanent settler in the called “rendezvous”. Each city in the region has a Dakota Territory, took charge of the trading post in legion of local historic characters, buildings and fables Walhalla in 1854. to capture the imagination of people of all ages. A drive

16 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan through the Rendezvous Region is a drive through history.

Throughout the year, the combined cities of the Rendezvous Region offer 10 separate celebrations. In addition, summer offers travelers the opportunity to swim in numerous lakes and rivers, stay in campgrounds, fi sh, hunt and canoe. Pembina, Walhalla, Langdon and Cavalier each have a public golf course.

A drive through the Rendezvous Region during the farming season reveals fi elds of brilliant sunfl owers. Canola, barley, beans, corn, oats, potatoes, rye, wheat and sugar beets are grown in the area. The Rendezvous Region Scenic Backway winds along the bends of the Pembina River providing panoramic views of the Pembina Gorge. The Backway begins on Highway 55 in Vang proceeding east to Walhalla, turning southeast for 22 miles traveling past Icelandic State Park to Highway 5 ending in Cavalier.

Socio-Economic Setting The area and the surrounding region from which recreation enthusiasts are likely to be drawn is generally stable in terms of demographic and economic characteristics. Much of the study area itself is in a semi-wilderness state, being impassable to travel much of the year even on the few roads that do exist. The rugged terrain, soil, and geologic conditions make the river valleys economically productive in localized areas only. These factors combine to make much of the study area, particularly the northern portion, rather undesirable for year-round residence. That part of the study area which is relatively level is used for agriculture; grain and cash crops are by far the dominant agricultural uses.

The most signifi cant population cluster in the area is at its east edge, in the Town of Walhalla, whose total 1980 population was 1,429. The rest of the study area contains scattered farms and rural residences. A handful of homes in the valleys are located along improved roads.

It is signifi cant to note that the population has gradually declined throughout the local user area over the past couple of decades. The general consensus among

17 Background professionals in the social science fi elds is that this refl ects demographic trends typical of rural midwestern areas, including out migration of the young, stable overall population, and a large incidence of elderly.

Recreational Opportunities in the Region The 912-acre Icelandic State Park is located on the shores of Lake Renwick, fi ve miles west of Cavalier on County Highway 5. Icelandic State Park has 3.9 miles of trails, which can be used for non-motorized uses, such as cross-country ski trails. These trails include the Basswood and Old Settler trails along with other hiking trails. A paved multi-use trail along County Highway 5 connects the park to the community of Cavalier.

In 1963 Gunlogson donated 200 acres of the family’s land to the state. This area later became North Dakota’s fi rst dedicated state nature preserve located near the Town of Cavalier. Gunlogson State Nature Preserve has a tangle of alder shrubs sprout in the spring-fed wetlands. More than a dozen rare species can be spotted in the preserve, ranging from watermeal, one of the world’s smallest fl owering plants, to bishop’s cap, a boreal species limited to a handful of locales in the state. The preserve also contains seldom seen birds such as the pileated woodpecker, an imposing species that excavates its signature rectangular holes in the trees of these forests. The Preserve is open to the public for passive recreation, such as bird watching, hiking, and wildfl ower viewing. The Preserve has about three miles of developed hiking and cross country ski trails.

18 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Tetrault Woods State Forest consists of 432 acres of descending the mountain and relaxing in the lodge. land just to the south of the Town of Walhalla along the Pembina River. Hiking trails in the State Forest The Masonic Scenic Overlook offers a beautiful view of are primarily located on the south side of the Pembina the Pembina River and Pembina Hills, at an elevation of River Gorge (access is from State Highway 32). Small 1,155 feet above sea level. Trails are available for year segments of trail and overlooks are on the north round recreation, including hiking, biking, horseback side of the gorge (access is from County Highway riding, cross country skiing, and snowmobiling. 55). Comments from local residents indicate that the The Pembina River is North Dakota’s only “white water condition of the trails within the State Forest is poor, river”, The meandering Pembina River is considered with some segments where the trail has been washed tame, but offers excellent kayaking with access docks out. Recreational use of Tetrault Woods is managed by located at Vang Bridge, Brick Mine Bridge, and Hwy 32 NDPRD as part of the SRA. White Bridge.

Numerous Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) exist The Rendezvous Scenic Backway is a rural route throughout the Pembina Gorge region, including the steeped in history, nature, recreation, scenic beauty, Wilber Allen WMA near the Canadian border and the and culture. It begins on Highway 55 in Vang proceeding Jay Wessels WMA near Cavalier. These WMAs are east to Walhalla, turning southeast for 22 miles traveling managed by the North Dakota Game and Fish (NDGF). past Icelandic State Park to Highway 5 ending in While informal hiking trails exist throughout the WMAs, Cavalier. The Backway winds along the Pembina River access is limited to non-motorized uses. One of the providing panoramic views of the Pembina Gorge. signifi cant features of the WMAs is the presence of a large herd of elk. Recreational Use of the SRA Gingras Trading Post State Historic Site preserves The landscape of the Pembina Gorge makes it an ideal the 1840s home and trading post of Métis legislator location for outdoor recreation activities throughout the and businessman Antoine Blanc Gingras. Interpretive year. The following are the most popular current types panels and exhibits about Gingras, Métis heritage, and of outdoor recreation that take place in and around the the fur trade are located in the restored house. SRA.

Frost Fire Theatre and Frost Fire Ski Area are open Hunting & Fishing during the summer months with an amphitheater Hunting and fi shing are one of the most traditional forms for visitors to enjoy musical theatre classics. While of outdoor recreation in the area and are still popular in the winter, ski and snowboard enthusiasts enjoy today. Most hunting occurs in the fall time with deer

19 Background and elk as the primary animals being hunted. Many closed to public use during the fall deer hunting periods private land owners in the Gorge manage their lands to avoid impacts on hunting activities. Public OHV trails as traditional family hunting grounds with rustic cabins are very rare in the region so the Pembina Gorge trail on them. Hunting is allowed on all public lands in the draws riders from all parts of the State, from Minnesota Gorge. The dense vegetation and steep slopes found and Manitoba Province in Canada. in much of the Gorge add challenge to the hunting Mountain Biking experience. Fishing can be done on the Pembina River for its entire length and is most popular close to Mountain bike riding has become more popular in the Walhalla. The most common sport fi sh include catfi sh, area since opening of the multi-use trail described walleye, northern pike and rock bass. above. Adventure races are held on the trail and include running activities. Some bicycling also occurs Off-Highway Vehicle Riding on rural roads in the area between Walhalla and Riding off-highway vehicles (OHV) including dirt bikes, the Pembina Gorge; including, on the Highway 55 all-terrain vehicles (ATV), and recreational off-highway Rendezvous Region Scenic Backway. A new type of vehicles (ROV or side-by-side) has been popular on bicycling activity in the area is the use of “snow bikes” both private and public lands in the area for a long time. that use wide, low pressure tires to ride on groomed Some private lands do give special permission to some snowmobile trails. It is important for these bicyclists to organized OHV groups to hold riding events on their contribute both fi nancially and through volunteer efforts lands. Some riding has occurred on public and private to maintain snowmobile trails they use. lands closed to OHVs. To help limit riding in closed Horseback Riding areas and to provide a high quality OHV experience, the NDPRD developed a trailhead and 16 mile long Riding horses has been a long-standing traditional multi-use 60 inch wide OHV trail. This trail connects to activity on roads and trails in the Pembina Gorge. Township roads that bring riders back to the trailhead The dense vegetation of the Pembina Gorge limits which combine create a 22 mile route. The trailhead horseback riding to rural roads and trails on both public is located on 121st Street on the east edge of the and private lands. Most rides are day-time activities Pembina Gorge, accommodates approximately 20 with some riding starting on private lands in the vicinity. vehicles with trailers, has a split rail fence and gates Horseback riding is popular on the 2 mile non-motorized delineating it, and has a double-vault style toilet. The Lady Slipper trail located off 121st Street on the east multi-use trail was designed to provide a high quality edge of the Pembina Gorge. This trail will be extended riding experience and meet sustainability objectives. in 2015 to create more length. Horseback riding is The trail stays on the east side of the Pembina River allowed on the multi-use trail but not recommended and extends to 108th Avenue on the north end. Portions during heavy OHV use or wet periods. of the trail pass through some private lands where the Hiking land owners have provided a trail easement to the Hiking activities are a popular traditional activity in State. Some portions of the trail are also located on the Pembina Gorge. The Lady Slipper trail described Game and Fish lands through an agreement with them. above is a new trail that was opened in 2014. A 1.5 Trail sections on private and Game and Fish lands are

20 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan mile hiking trail located in Tetrault Woods State Forest Fossil Digs is managed as a hiking trail by NDPRD. The trail has Fossil digs are conducted as part of programed a fl oating boardwalk which provides access across events during summer months. The fossil digs are wetlands and offers a unique hiking experience. supervised by the North Dakota Paleontologist and include educational information about paleontological Wildlife & Bird Watching resources. It is very important that people only conduct The abundant wildlife found in the area makes it a fossil digs at one of the supervised events. popular destination for bird and wildlife watching. These activities are typically combined with other pursuits Snowmobiling such as hunting, paddling, and trail-based activities. There is an extensive network of approximately 450 Wildlife watching is a popular activity in the SRA, Game miles of snowmobile trails in the Pembina Gorge and and Fish lands, on private lands, and from roads and Rendezvous Region. Snowmobile trails follow rural trails in the area. Popular wildlife to view includes deer, roads and easements across private properties. Trails elk, waterfowl, and many other bird species, many of are maintained by the Northeast Snowmobile Club which are rarely found anywhere else in North Dakota. Association (NESCA) and uses contributions from their members and the North Dakota Snowmobile Canoeing & Kayaking Registration Program. The Pembina River has been an important route for exploration and transportation since the time before Cross-country Skiing & Snow Snowshoeing European settlement. Residents of Walhalla and the Some local resident enjoy snow shoeing and cross- region have also enjoyed canoeing and kayaking on country skiing in the SRA, State Forest and on the the river for a long time. The Pembina River water level Walhalla Golf Course. No trails are currently groomed and fl ow allows for paddling from about April through in the area for these activities. August each year. The River provides a wild setting to enjoy nature while paddling. There are three locations with road access to the River including Walhalla Riverside Park, Brick Mine Bridge, Vang Bridge, and near the USA-Canada border at the 108th Ave and Texas Crossing. The road to Texas Crossing has very muddy conditions which makes it diffi cult for vehicles other than OHVs to travel on it during summer months. People can carry kayaks on the last portion of the road to the River when conditions are muddy. It can take 4 hours to paddle just a portion of the River or about 12 hours to paddle from Texas Crossing to Riverside Park in Walhalla. Kayaks can be rented from a local business in Walhalla.

21 Background 22 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan RESEARCH

Research Pembina Mountains: Concepts for a Recreation Enhancement and Coordination Plan Previous Planning Efforts The following information describes previous planning In 1982 the Pembina River Recreation Plan was efforts that relate to Pembina Gorge and the State of created by North Dakota State University to plan visitor North Dakota. While not all the plans were realized, the experiences and facilities for the area. This plan was ideas that were generated shows priorities that were created in reaction to recreation planning started as previously identifi ed. part of planning the proposed reservoir. The basic premise of the study was that participation in some sort of recreational activity in the Pembina River Valley Pembilier Lake and Dam Environmental Impact would result in an increased appreciation of the area. Statement The study area included some of the most scenic parts A study was completed in 1977 by the US Corps of of the Pembina, Little North Pembina, and Little South Engineers to evaluate the potential to build a dam Pembina river valleys. It was intended that recreational and reservoir in the Pembina Gorge. The purpose of opportunities provided as a result of implementation the dam was to control fl ooding down river. While it of the plan be complementary to, but not contingent was never constructed, the reservoir would have had upon, US Corps of Engineers fl ood control plans for a controlled storage capacity of 147,000 acre-feet of the Gorge. which 15,000 acre-feet would have been in an 800 The time frame covered by the plan was limited to the surface area conservation pool. Flood storage would ten-year period from 1982-1992. Studies of existing have resulted in a 72-percent reduction in projected trends and projections of recreational use, prepared average annual equivalent damages through the by a variety of agencies, were utilized as data bases control of fl oods with a frequency of once in 36 years for parts of the plan. It was recommended that facility or less, and the reduction of larger less frequent fl oods. development proceed in three phases. Phase l The project would have resulted in the permanent included only the development of minimal facilities to inundation of about 800 acres of the valley, including accommodate passive recreation uses and to enhance 365 acres of woodland, 355 acres of agricultural lands, those uses which currently exist. Phases 2 and 3 were and 9.5 miles of free fl owing river. At design fl ood-pool, conditional based upon the success and feedback from an additional 2,400 acres of the valley and 11.5 miles of Phase 1. river would have been inundated for varying durations (fl ood periods). The plan recommended development An amphitheater, built to seat 75 to 150 people, of recreation facilities adjacent to the permanent lake was recommended at the private Frostfi re Mountain (reservoir). These would have consisted of camp property. This facility would utilize the existing parking sites, picnic sites and shelter, a boat launch, parking, areas and roads nearby. Interpretive programs as well overlooks, access roads and support facilities. as local events such as plays and outdoor weddings are some of the uses the amphitheater would accommodate. In addition to new facilities, the plan included the staging of organized events in the study area. These would include small rodeos, trail rides, group camp-outs and other activities. The 10 miles of hiking/recreation vehicle/horseback trail recommended for Phase 3 development would be located north of the Vang Bridge on County Highway 55. The trail

23 Research Item Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Trails - hiking/skiing 8 miles 6 miles 1 miles Trails - hiking/skiing/bicycle/ 1.5 miles 6 miles 10 miles vehicle Dry Weather Road 1 miles Parking 15 spaces Camping - primitive 5 sites 7 sites 8 sites Camping - serviced 7 sites 7 sites Lodging 15 units Amphitheater 1 Picnicking 7 sites 6 sites Swimming hole 1 Springwater bath 1 Sanitary facilities 1 pit toilet 3 pit toilet Indoor Swimming Pool 1

Table #2. Proposed Recreation Facilities from the 1982 Plan would lead up the valley of the Pembina River nearly Master Plan for Trail Development in the Turtle to the Canadian border. This area is the closest to Mountain and Pembina Gorge Areas a backcountry setting that existed in the study area. Seven of the eight primitive campsites would be added In 2005, Governor Hoeven allocated money to study in Phase 3 and would be located along this trail. and create a master plan for trail development in the Pembina Gorge, Turtle Mountain and other areas. The The plan suggests development of a profi le of visitors study found that Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) riding as well as their recreational concerns and interests opportunities in North Dakota were basically non- should be obtained through surveys over time. It existent. The need to increase legal OHV opportunities suggested public hearings be sponsored by the North is based on the rising sale of OHVs, the increased Dakota Parks and Recreation Department to gather demand for riding opportunities, the limited number input after the completion of each phase of the plan. of legal riding opportunities, and the impacts of illegal use. The Pembina Gorge was identifi ed as a starting point for trail development in the state in response to the volume of OHV activity already present, the land owners calling for a solution to mitigate the impact to their lands, and to protect state lands set aside for other purposes. The following issues and opportunities were identifi ed in the master plan.

24 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Issues and Opportunities from the 2005 Planning Existing Snowmobile Corridor in River Bottom Process The existing snowmobile trail along the river gorge offers opportunities for use as a year-round trail that Enforcement of Trail Regulations could serve a variety of user groups. A soft-surface The single biggest issue brought out at the community trail could be used by snowmobiles in the winter and and property owner meetings was the need for better off-highway vehicles, hikers, and bikers during the enforcement and the education of existing trail users. remainder of the year. The design of the trail cross Whether snowmobiles or off-highway vehicle riders, section and water runoff would be an important landowners were concerned that trail users were consideration in developing a trail that would provide leaving the designated trail route through the Gorge. an enjoyable riding surface for all user groups. There was concern that NDPRD offi cials charged with enforcement did not have the resources or the OHV Park jurisdiction necessary to adequately enforce trail Ideally, an OHV park would be developed on a 300+ regulations. NDPRD made a commitment to base law acre site with 10 to15 miles of looping trails, a variety enforcement personnel in the Pembina Gorge region. of topography, and parking or access from a spine trail along the river bottom. Location along one of the faces of the Gorge would provide a variety of trail experiences Proposed Regional Corridors from the 2005 along with views of the Gorge area. The site could Planning Process be located on existing property owned by a state agency or property acquired specifi cally for the OHV Icelandic State Park to Walhalla development. Trail design would follow the guidelines A paved bicycle trail connects Icelandic State Park to provided in the plan to ensure that the park would be the Town of Cavalier. A trail was suggested to connect sustainable. The abandoned gravel pit west of Vang Icelandic State Park with the City of Walhalla and the Bridge along County Highway 55 is an example of a Pembina Gorge. It was suggested that this connection potential site. would be made via a paved multi-use trail along Pembina River Canoe Route Highways 5 and 32. Alternative routes that follow the alignment of the former Ox Cart trail or the existing The canoe route commonly used by local residents is rail corridor may be considered. These corridors the stretch of river from the Texas Crossing at the north will provide a more direct connection between the end of the Gorge to the Vang or Brick Mine Bridges two communities, but will require a more substantial at the south end of the Gorge, with some traveling to commitment to acquire property or easements for trail Riverside Park in Walhalla. A canoe trail would require development. minimal effort to establish beyond developing access points, with the primary expense being acquiring the Walhalla to Vang Bridge required property or easement to develop access points. This trail could potentially be a multi-use trail with a The proposed access points would generally coincide variety of surface types. A paved multi-use trail could with those that are currently used: Texas Crossing, be constructed along County Highway 55 west of Vang Bridge, Brick Mine Bridge, and Riverside Park. Walhalla to the turn-off for the Tetrault Woods State Forest overlook. From there the trail could follow the access road to the overlook and then turn east along the top of the ridge back towards the main section of the State Forest. Within Tetrault Woods State Forest, existing trails could be improved to complete a loop trail that would connect back to the City of Walhalla through the forest.

25 Research Trailhead and Local Trail Opportunities from the Texas Crossing 2005 Planning Process The northerly most of the trailhead opportunities is the Texas Crossing at the north end of the Gorge. Walhalla This is a popular put-in location for canoeists and Walhalla is the hub of activity in the Pembina Gorge could also provide a trailhead for other trail users. region. It provides the closest available food, lodging, Trailhead facilities do not currently exist on the site, and other supplies. The Walhalla Chamber of Commerce which is located in the Township road right-of-way. is a strong promoter and supporter of activities in the Potential trailhead amenities would include parking region. The Pembina River fl ows through the south and potentially vault toilets, which would need to be side of town and Riverside Park is adjacent to the river, developed on Game and Fish land. which provides an opportunity for a take-out point for canoeists and kayakers. The City could also provide Tetrault Woods State Forest a trailhead location for a bicycle loop along County A trailhead at Tetrault Woods State Forest could provide Highway 55 and the ridgeline through Tetrault Woods amenities for several of the trail corridors previously State Forest. identifi ed. No trailhead amenities exist at Tetrault Woods. At a minimum, trail development should Vang Bridge consist of parking, river access, and potentially vault The Town of Walhalla has a lease on a portion of farm toilets. Additional features may include more developed property adjacent to Vang Bridge on the east side of restroom facilities and camping opportunities. the river and south of County Highway 55 and is used a put-in/ take-out site for paddle boats. An existing snowmobile trail traverses the property. This location is popular as a put-in and take-out location for canoeists and as a staging area for equestrian events. Its proximity to both the river and the existing snowmobile trail make it a good location for serving multiple user groups. Trailhead facilities do not currently exist on the private site.

Brick Mine Bridge The area north of the river and east of Brick Mine Road is another area that is frequently used as a staging area for various user groups. This location is also a site that could serve several user groups, including canoeists, bikers, and off-highway vehicles. Trailhead facilities do not currently exist on the site, and the site is privately owned.

26 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Establishment of the Pembina Gorge State Recre- Non-motorized recreation, i.e. hiking, biking, ation Area equestrian, is also an important facet of the Pembina Gorge Recreation Area. In 2009, the NDPRD assumed In light of the recreation study and master plan, the recreation management of the Tetrault Woods State North Dakota State Parks and Recreation Department, Forest. A grant was received for approximately $48,000 in cooperation with the North Dakota Forest Service, to build a trailhead and reroute and rehabilitate North Dakota Game and Fish Department and local the trails in the state forest. In accordance with ND land owners, has been developing the Pembina Gorge Forest Service policy, these were designated as non- State Recreation Area. In 2007 a project manager was motorized trails with the exception of snowmobiles from hired to assess the situation, inventory the trails in the December 1st to March 31st along the designated state area, identify a sustainable trail corridor for a multiuse snowmobile trail. More non-motorized opportunities will trail system, and manage the associated lands. An be developed as funding becomes available. important objective of the SRA is to protect public and private lands by providing legal OHV opportunities in the Pembina Gorge through development of a managed multiuse trail corridor open to the public.

A Recreation Trail Program grant funded through the Federal Highway Administration of $138,864.22 was received to design and construct new and exciting trails in the recreation area. The NDPRD acquired additional property with existing trails and also worked with NDGF on a land management exchange to consolidate scattered parcels of land into a continuous land base to facilitate trail development. Using the new trails and existing trails, the goal was to create a loop system that would provide an enjoyable, legal riding opportunity for visitors to the area, while relieving the burden of land owners having to deal with unwanted OHV traffi c on their property.

In areas where crossing private land is necessary, NDPRD has developed a trail lease program to acquire easements of a corridor in exchange for payment based on miles of trail. As of fall 2010, a trail corridor was identifi ed. The primary trail was constructed in 2011.

27 Research The NDPRD, with input from the state’s outdoor recreation stakeholders, has identified priorities to guide the management and development of North Dakota’s outdoor recreation base over the next five years.

North Dakota Statewide Facility Priorities

Primary Needs Secondary Needs Tertiary Needs

Non-Motorized Trails Pools/Beaches/Water Access Winter Sports Facilities

Campgrounds Sports Courts/Fields Motorized Trails

Playgrounds/Picnic Areas/Open Space Parks

Table #3. North Dakota Statewide Facilities Priorities from SORP

North Dakota OHV Strategic Plan Trends in OutdoorThe 2012- 2016Recreation Nort lifestyles.

North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor The specific types of activities which North Dakota Recreation Plan (SCORP) households are most interested in include: The 2013-2017 North Dakota State Comprehensive • Visiting a modern park or natural area (53 Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP), developed by percent) the North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department • Going to a park area or green space to play (NDPRD), is a guide for managing and developing North games, toss Frisbee, or relax (50 percent) Dakota’s non-consumptive outdoor recreation base. • Picnicking at a family site (49 percent) or group Outdoor recreation plays a significant role in the quality shelter (42 percent) of life of North Dakotan’s. Outdoor recreation improves • Camping in a modern campground (48 percent) the health and well-being of the state’s citizens, • Using a paved walking, jogging, or bicycling promotes the conservation of the land, and contributes trail (47 percent) to the state’s economy as one of the primary drivers of tourism, North Dakota’s third largest industry. The North Dakota Households are willing to Travel More following information can be used to inform suitable than 50 Miles for the following Activities outdoor recreation solutions for Pembina Gorge SRA. • Camping (72 percent) North Dakota households and outdoor recreation • Canoeing or kayaking (60 percent) providers were surveyed in 2012 to determine the • Riding on snowmobile trails (50 percent) demand for and supply of non-consumptive outdoor The NDPRD, with input from the state’s outdoor recreation in the state. North Dakota households feel recreation stakeholders, has identified priorities to outdoor recreation is important (93 percent). Overall, guide the management and development of North 57 percent of outdoor recreation providers report Dakota’s outdoor recreation base over the next five demand for facilities and activities exceeds supply for years. their users.

With finite resources available for outdoor recreation, North Dakota OHV Strategic Plan it is critical to prioritize needs throughout the state. The 2012-2016 North Dakota Off-Highway Vehicle However, funding alone is not the answer. Active Strategic Plan, developed by NDPRD, highlights a partnerships are also essential to meeting the outdoor number of key areas to be addressed in order to facilitate recreation needs of North Dakotans and visitors. At the a thriving OHV riding program in North Dakota. In core of the state’s parks and recreation community are recent years, OHV purchases have risen dramatically, local, state, federal, and nonprofit providers offering indicating a need for the OHV program to grow to meet facilities and programs that support healthy, active the needs of riders across the state. The following is

28 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan a summary of information from the plan that is most more important than campgrounds and restrooms. relevant to Pembina Gorge and the master plan. North Dakota Snowmobile Strategic Plan A research study was conducted in early 2012 to uncover riding trends and additional crucial information The 2013-2017 North Dakota Snowmobile Strategic through written surveys distributed to relevant Plan provides a framework for the further development stakeholder groups. Survey questions for OHV owners of the program. The snowmobile program is statutorily followed a multiple choice and/or open-ended question established by the North Dakota Legislature and format in order to gain opinions and beliefs related to assigned to the North Dakota Parks & Recreation OHV riding trends affecting four key areas: Department to administer. The Recreation Division  Development of Use Areas is tasked with the snowmobile trail system which is  Training and Safety Education funded by registrations of snowmobiles and a portion  Laws and Enforcement Issues of the gas tax. Registration is required for both in state  Communicating Information and out of state snowmobiles that use the state trail system and within road right of way. The management These key areas were identifi ed by NDPRD key staff as of this program entails a number of functions, including the most important to address in the survey in order to safety education, out of state trail pass sales and trail gain the insights that would allow NDPRD to continue management. to best serve the OHV riding public. In addition, these areas were considered the most crucial to be The North Dakota Parks & Recreation Department addressed in order to gauge whether previous and/or contracts with Snowmobile North Dakota (SND), a current efforts and programs are aligned with the goals nonprofi t membership organization, to run the trail of NDPRD and the needs of the riding public. This management portion. SND is governed by the 14 summary focuses on development of OHV use areas member board of directors and employs a program that are most relevant to development of a master plan manager, trail inspector and various offi ce staff. for the SRA. In order to assess the needs of snowmobile registrants, Lack of public trails was cited as being a real reason an online and mail survey was implemented. A random for lack of other services and cohesiveness of the sampling of the over 18,000 in state registrants and out program, since riding clubs would be more likely to of state trail pass holders were provided a post card form if public riding trails were available. Feedback asking them to participate in an online survey or were in research review meetings indicated that there are mailed a paper survey. 392 responses were collected to several avenues to explore the feasibility of further trail provide a margin of error rate of less than fi ve percent. development, including direct efforts by NDPRD or Stakeholders that participated in this study include indirect through grants with clubs and local government. trail administrators, club organizers and snowmobile Trail demand spans at least six months of the year, with dealers. others even riding in the winter and spring. Increased North Dakota has approximately 2,800 miles of trail ridership would exist if new trails existed. Campgrounds that is managed by Snowmobile North Dakota through and restrooms would make trail destinations for day a contract with the North Dakota Parks & Recreation trips or overnight trips for campers. This could be a Department. This work is performed by Snowmobile big improvement for the State since public trails would North Dakota and 14 groomers owned by the North then potentially be attractive to out of state travelers as Dakota Parks & Recreation Department. The primary well and even increase tourism demand. Stakeholders plan goal is the preservation of the current snowmobile agreed with survey respondents with the exception that trail system. they believed law enforcement or staff presence was

29 Research Recreation Opinion Survey the needs and preferences of specifi c user populations. A new recreation opinion survey was implemented These specifi c needs and preferences are valuable in as part of the Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan to crafting a master plan that is responsive and inclusive understand current public opinions and preferences. of all visitors. Visitor and public surveys (or questionnaires) are In addition to the Internet-based survey, the project a useful and effi cient instrument to collect data team administered the survey to visitors of the SRA and information from a visitor population regarding on fi ve days, including May 17, 18, 24, 25, and 26 demand and generalized opinions and preferences (Memorial Day). NDPRD also administered several for recreational opportunities (e.g., access, activities, on-site surveys in June. During these on-site survey facilities, programs, services such as a visitor center, implementation dates, all visitors to the Pembina Gorge etc.). Great Outdoors Consultants, in cooperation SRA trailhead were informed about the Master Plan with Red Canoe, LLC and North Dakota Parks and process and provided the opportunity to participate Recreation Department (NDPRD), implemented a in the survey. In general, more than 80 percent of the broad public recreation survey to collect resident and visitors to Pembina Gorge SRA on these dates agreed visitor input that will inform the development of the to and completed a survey. Master Plan for the Pembina Gorge SRA. Results from the Pembina Gorge SRA public recreation The Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan public recreation survey are presented below. The completed surveys survey was administered on-site (at the Pembina and associated results represent a snapshot in time Gorge trailhead) and using a web-based survey tool. of (existing and potentially new) visitor needs and Both the on-site and online survey forms consisted of preferences. They are one data point that should be similar questions; the specifi c questions included in considered alongside other available information, public each version of the survey are provided in the complete input from stakeholder meetings, and the professional recreation opinion survey report. On-site or fi eld-based judgment, experience, and outlook of NDPRD staff in surveys are an effi cient way to target existing visitors the development of the Pembina Gorge SRA Master to an outdoor recreation area, while Internet surveys Plan. are an effi cient and effective method to administer a general public input survey. Internet accessibility rates are particularly high in North Dakota (84 percent of individuals live in a household that have internet Pembina Gorge Public Recreation Survey access), as well as neighboring Minnesota (87.7 Results percent) and Manitoba (79.9 percent) (US Census Participation Summary Bureau 2012; Statistics Canada 2013). In total, 413 visitor surveys were submitted between The Internet-based Pembina Gorge public recreation May 16 and July 4, 2014, including 335 online and survey was available for participation between May 16 78 on-site surveys. Of these, 381 or about 92 percent and July 4, 2014. The survey was completely open; that were usable surveys; that is, visitors completed more is, anyone with the survey link could participate in the than the fi rst survey question (unusable surveys were survey (this type of broad, open methodology was used generally blank except for the fi rst question). Most (31) since an identifi able visitor population was not readily of the unusable surveys were submitted online. Only available for a closed, sample-driven survey). While one on-site survey was unusable. The summary results this open methodology limits statistical representation presented below are specifi c to the 381 usable surveys (between the sample population and the entire visitor that were collected during the implementation time population), it does not reduce the value of the survey period. results. The opinions of participants, including special interest and stakeholder groups, provide key insight into

30 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan In social science and specifi cally recreation research, Summarized Results a participation population of 381 is typically adequate to make reliable statistical fi ndings (e.g., 95 percent The following tables and fi gures present summarized confi dence level, 5 percent sampling error, etc.) about results from the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area a target visitor population (even if that target population (SRA) Master Plan Recreation Visitor Survey. Summary includes 1,000,000 or more visitors). As such, the 381 results are presented by question. Where appropriate, completed Pembina Gorge public recreation surveys the summary results are presented separately for the is likely adequate to make generalizations about the on-site and online version of the survey. In general, the entire visitor population. This is not to imply that the survey results for online and on-site survey participants survey was specifi cally designed to meet statistical were similar; indicating that these visitor population reliability targets. As noted above, since the visitor subgroups were not substantially different in their population size was unknown prior to implementation visitation patterns, preferences, and needs. of the public recreation survey, a broad methodology For questions with open-ended responses, participants’ was used to encourage participation. The tradeoff of qualitative responses are summarized below. The this broad methodology is the potential introduction complete survey report is provided as an appendix to of participation (e.g., one subgroup dominates this master plan. Of the survey participants, 63% had participation) and other forms of bias. As such, the visited Pembina Gorge within the last 12 months public recreation survey results should be reviewed and assessed comprehensively with the other public input elements of the Master Plan process.

During what months did you visit Pembina Gorge?

80.0%

70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%

Online Onsite

31 Research What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge?

Scenic driving

Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use

Hiking

Equestrian

Hunting

Snowmobiling

Canoeing/kayaking

Camping

Picnicking

Bird watching

Fishing

Mountain biking

Crosscountry skiing

Snowshoeing

Winter mountain biking

Geocaching

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% On your last trip/this trip to Pembina Gorge did Are the current recreation facilities and you/are you spend(ing) the night in the area? amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs?

31.6%

42.0% 48.7% 51.3%

26.4%

Yes No 32 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge?

Campground

Restrooms

Picnic area or sites

Visitor center

OHV trails

Hiking trails

Observation tower

Equestrian trails

Cabins or yurts

Equestrian parking and facilities

Showers

Multiuse trails

OHV open riding area (play area)

River put-in/take-out sites

Wildlife viewing areas

Group camping

Group picnic site

Mountain bike trails

Parking areas

Interpretive trails

Children/youth OHV trails

Amphitheater

OHV Safety training area

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%

h

33 Research Segmented Results locals and visitors include: scenic driving (+27.6 percent), canoeing/kayaking (+15.6 percent), hunting The Pembina Gorge SRA offers a unique landscape (+11.6 percent), picnicking (+10.6 percent), OHV use in northeastern North Dakota for both area residents (+8.4 percent), and snowmobiling (+5.7 percent). and visitors alike. As displayed in the results above, residents and visitors engage in a variety of activities Are the current recreation facilities and amenities including hiking, canoeing/kayaking, mountain biking, provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, snowmobiling, scenic needs? driving, fi shing, hunting, snowmobiling, and other Locals were more likely than visitors to report that the nature-based outdoor pursuits. While the administration current recreation facilities provided at Pembina Gorge of the recreation visitor survey did not specifi cally target are not adequate to meet their needs. This may be due specifi c subgroups, the completed surveys do allow to higher rates of visitation and greater familiarity with for some targeted or segmented summary results for the area by locals compared to visitors. specifi c subgroups. In general, segmentation provides more informative and specifi c results that can be used Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which to provide greater precision for the strategic framework would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? and actions in the resulting master plan. Locals’ and visitors’ preferences for additional recreation facilities and amenities were generally For purposes of the Pembina Gorge recreation visitor similar. However, there are several facilities/amenities survey, local survey participants were defi ned as those for which there are preference differences between coming from Cavalier, Pembina, and Walsh counties. locals and visitors. Locals were more likely (greater than All other survey participants were considered visitors 5 percent difference) than visitors to want the following (i.e., non-local). Overall, just over a third of survey facilities/amenities: picnic area or sites (+11.3 percent), participants were local (34.1 percent). multiuse trails (10.3 percent), wildlife viewing areas Have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous (+7.6 percent), group picnic site (+7.3 percent), and 12 months? interpretive trails (+5.2 percent). Conversely, visitors Local survey participants were much more likely to were more likely (greater than 5 percent difference) have visited Pembina Gorge within the past 12 months than locals to want the following facilities: campground (+22.4 percent), showers (+11.3 percent), observations tower (+9.2 percent), and OHV trails (+5.6 percent). What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge? Locals reported participating in several activities at a higher rate than visitors at Pembina Gorge (Figure 24). Activities with more than a 5 percent difference between

34 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Conclusions Visitor Center Feasibility A visitor center feasibility study was conducted as The recreation opinion survey provided new valuable part of preparing this master plan for Pembina Gorge and focused answers to key questions related to SRA. Visitor centers provide a valuable function in development of a master plan for Pembina Gorge many settings, but their cost and effect on the natural SRA. Survey results are supported by previous setting need to be carefully considered. Visitor center studies that show similar findings. Good participation importance can usually be strengthened by combining of current SRA visitors, local residents and other it with administrative functions such as office and potential visitors from the market area for the SRA to maintenance spaces. have provided statistically valid findings. NDPRD staff and visitor groups were successful in getting significant Potential Visitor Centers Functions and Spaces participation in the survey. A detailed survey report is Includes: provided as an appendix to this master plan. • 24 hour access to self-serve visitor information Key Findings from the Recreation Opinion Survey in foyer Include: • Information about the SRA • Interior interpretive exhibits and information • The most popular current recreation activities • Restrooms in the SRA include scenic driving, OHV riding, • Security presence in the SRA hiking, equestrian riding, hunting, canoeing, • Emergency response and first aid station and snowmobiling. • Store with basic supplies, maps and books • The most desired new facilities in the SRA • Potable water source include campground, restrooms, picnic areas, • Educational/ meeting space visitor center, OHV trails, hiking trails and • Office space equestrian trails. • Supplies and materials storage • The recreation activities most likely to draw new • Scenic overlook/ deck/ patio and more visitors to the SRA include scenic • Parking driving with interesting destinations, staying in • Patio with picnic tables a well-designed campground, a visitor center • Interpretive & information kiosk as an overlook and place to get information, • Outdoor gathering space for groups and diverse and extensive recreational trails. These interpretive talks popular activities are a reflection of preferences • Lawn area for social space and special events from the Pembina Gorge SRA survey and the • Landscape with interpretive signs and design state-wide recreation survey. • Maintenance building & storage yard • Housing for seasonal staff or volunteers

35 Research The following tables compares different options in can also be used within physical visitor centers as an providing visitor centers in the SRA. These include interactive interpretive exhibit. having just a SRA offi ce on site, a complete visitor center on site, a visitor center in Walhalla or using a webpage While a visitor center is costly to develop and manage, as a virtual visitor center. One or more of these options it can be used to draw more people to the SRA and could be part of the solution to provide quality visitor improve their experience. Due to the remote location information and services. For example, an offi ce and of the SRA, need for staff presence and opportunity to maintenance facility could be developed in the SRA provide a unique and comfortable setting for visitors fi rst and then a visitor center could be developed at a to experience the Gorge, we recommend that a visitor later time. If a visitor center is developed in Walhalla, center be developed. The majority of visitors to the the cost and space could be shared with the City and/or SRA will be interested in a low level of effort experience Chamber of Commerce, or other organizations. Virtual including scenic driving and visit to a comfortable, and internet visitor centers are becoming more common and an interesting visitor center with a scenic view. The rich can be used to help people plan their visit and market history and resources of the Gorge provide a wealth of visitation to the SRA. Virtual visitor center information fascinating information to share in a visitor center.

Table #4. Comparison of Visitor Center (VC)/ Administration Options as the SRA

Criteria/ Type SRA Offi ce on Site VC on Site VC in Town Virtual VC Creates a Destination Yes Customer Service Yes Yes Yes Safety & Security Yes Yes Information Yes Yes Yes Yes Interpretation Yes Yes Yes Presentation Space Yes Yes Outdoor Gathering Yes Space Meeting Space Yes Yes Store Space Yes Yes Restrooms Yes Yes Yes SRA Offi ce Space Yes Yes Yes Offi ce Space for Other Associated Yes Organizations Equipment/ Yes Yes Maintenance Space Staffi ng Yes Yes Yes Development Cost Yes Yes Yes Administration Cost Yes Yes Yes Yes

36 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Table #5. Comparison of Existing Visitor Centers

Turtle River State Park Fort Stevenson State Park Icelandic State Park Visitor Center Visitor Center Visitor Center Location Arvilla, ND Garrison, ND Cavalier, ND (near Grand Forks) 2013 Day Use 80,000 130,000 100,000 Visitors 2013 Camping 4,500 9,500 8,200 Visitors Visitor Center Self-service fee station and Reception counter Reception counter Functions information in foyer Administrative offi ce Restrooms Reception counter Security and support Interpretive space Small store space Small interpretive exhibit Meeting space Interpretive panels Conference room Offi ce space for 3 staff Multi-purpose meeting/ Restrooms presentation room with Offi ce space for staff storage cabinets and kitchenette Small reading/ library space Offi ce space for staff Storage closet Restrooms Outdoor education classes Management 3 full time employees 3 full time employees 2 full time employees Multiple seasonal Multiple seasonal Multiple seasonal employees employees employee Year Constructed 2006 2014 1989-2014 (improvements) Cost to Build $ 834,320.00 $781,000 $1,337,000 Funding Sources 50% - Federal 100% - State of North State of North Dakota Transportation Dakota Enhancement grant funds State Parks Association 50% - State of North Dakota Annual Cost to $14,500 Operate Lessons Learned Some grant funding is tied Use functional designs to Use maintenance-free to public spaces and may maximize effi cient visitor siding not cover administrative services Have a designated spaces Windows facing entrance staff person for road for monitoring interpretation

37 Research Public Outreach for the Master Plan

Development of the master plan included an extensive public involvement process. A project webpage was created and used as a communication and information portal for the master plan. All draft and fi nal public documents were posted on the public webpage. Public involvement also consisted of stakeholder interviews, written comments, 3 public meetings in Walhalla and a session at the 2014 North Dakota State Trails Conference. The following is a summary of public comment received throughout the process.

Public Meeting 1 & Stakeholder Interviews

On May 21st, stakeholder interviews were held in Walhalla to discuss the opportunities and issues associated with the development of the Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan. In the evening, a public meeting was held at the American Legion to introduce the project and planning team. A PowerPoint presentation was used to introduce the project. The 58 participants were asked to form 6 small groups and identify at least 5 issues and 5 opportunities associated with management and improvement of Pembina Gorge SRA. Each group was then asked to choose a representative to present their issues and opportunities to all in attendance. The issues and opportunities presented by the small groups is provided in the below summary. The following groups participated in stakeholder interviews or the public meeting:  Forestwood Inn  Fremont Township  Frost Fire Ski and Summer Theater  Manitoba Dirt Riders  Moonlighter ATV and Snowmobile Club  North Dakota Extension Offi ce  Northeast Snowmobile Club Association  North Dakota Emergency Management  North Dakota Forest Service  North Dakota Game and Fish Department  North Dakota Geological Survey  North Olga Township  North Dakota State Senate  One Majestic Place  Pembina Gorge Dirt Riders  Peterson Coulee Hare scramble  Red River Regional Council  Walhalla Ridge Riders Saddle Club  River Rentals  Sanctuary Guest House  Walhalla Chamber of Commerce  Walhalla Economic Development Offi ce  Walhalla Parks District  Walhalla Inn  Walhalla Choice Financial  Winnebago-Itasca Club of North Dakota

38 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan The following comments were provided by participants and are organized in categories. While all comments were considered, some have been excluded as they are beyond the scope of the project and others were incorporated in master plan. Recreation  The SRA provides experiences to a diverse group of visitors  Develop additional walking, bicycling, horseback riding, and cross-country skiing trails  Backcountry camping opportunities should be developed  Single-track trails for motorcycles and mountain bikes are needed  No more motorized trails should be placed in the Pembina Gorge, but established outside the SRA  Provide more non-motorized trails  Trail widths currently don’t accommodate two-way passage  It’s important for OHV enthusiasts have a legal and managed place to ride to avoid impacts elsewhere  Winter activities in addition to snowmobiling should be developed such as cross-country skiing and guided winter camping experiences  Golf, skiing, and other recreational services already exist in the area  Provide family based and diverse recreational opportunities at the Gorge  Provide wayside stops for vehicle touring  Provide groomed cross-country trails

Visitor Facilities & Services  Facilities for enhancing rafting, kayaking, and canoeing on the Pembina River should be developed ( river season is May – mid July)  A Pembina Gorge interpretive/visitor center should be established with a focus on geology, biology, paleontology, and the history of the Gorge, with displays and a lecture facility for tour guides and educational programs  The area needs more scenic overlooks  More people using the river will require more trash receptacles to keep the area clean  Provide a campground with horse stables similar to Sheyenne Oaks Campground  Provide Zip-lines on the Gorge  Designated camping and cooking areas along the trail system  Provide a large modern RV park with electrical, water and sewer hookups  Need consistent and quality information and customer service  Do not construct buildings on top of hills where they will be obtrusive

39 Research Management  The Gorge is a biologically and ecologically unique area that provides habitats for several species of rare plants and animals  The Pembina Gorge area was recommended for Nature Preserve status in the NDPRD 1986 Nature Preserves Annual Report  The Pembina Gorge area has a unique geological history with fossils found from the Cretaceous period  More enforcement is needed in the SRA if more trails are developed to minimize confl icts  Ongoing maintenance is needed to manage the environment and facilities  Visitation to the Gorge should be expanded through: advertising, good information, guided trips, and events at Frost Fire  Road work in the Gorge should require review/approval from ND Geological Service to avoid potential impacts to fossil resources  Important to educate and inform visitors to avoid problems

Private Property  Would like for NDPRD to purchase Frost Fire and provide an interpretive center and museum  Some private landowners allow hikers access across their land but not motorized vehicles. Permission from private property owners is required.  Fewer people are riding on private lands now that there is an OHV trail; however, OHV riding on private lands (without permission) continues  Motorized vehicles need to stay off private property and avoid the muddy areas to reduce impacts  A landowner compensation fund should be created for damage to land and general clean-up

Land & River Access  Conserve the natural resources and beauty of the area  More access to land and to the river to get to nature  Should explore opening and maintaining the road to Texas crossing during the summer months for better access to the river  Wildlife viewing and bow hunting are diffi cult due to topography and limited access  Many slopes are unstable in the area and should be carefully studies before construction projects

40 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Information/ Maps/ Signs  Unobtrusive signage about the biology, geology, and paleontology of the Gorge could be included along the trails  Provide more informational and directional signage to the Gorge and other sites, with information on gate closure dates, and trail diffi culty  Emergency contact information should be posted at the trailhead and GPS coordinates on signs throughout trails with emergency information

Tourism/Economic Development  Biological tour adventures should be established for visitors to experience the natural beauty and unique plants and animals that inhabit the Gorge, like birding and botany tours  Summer job opportunities from entrepreneurship through equipment rental, guided tours, and service and maintenance of outdoor equipment  More vehicle rentals are needed including bicycles and other recreation equipment  Horse stables and rentals should be provided in the area  The Scenic Backway needs to be linked to the SRA to encompass all activities in the area. The backway is an important opportunity to increase visitation to the SRA  Need a plan to gain funding and support from the State legislature  Identify target markets for the SRA (i.e. Oil & Gas workers and their families)

Education/Interpretation  The Gorge is a unique and most extensive strand of native woodlands in North Dakota and a big draw for natural history education and forest stewardship  Educational programs should be established to encourage the use of the Gorge as an outdoor laboratory  Supervised public fossil digs should continue  Star gazing adventure programs should be developed

41 Research Public Meeting 2

On June 26 a public meeting was held at the American Legion in Walhalla to review public input to date, guiding statements for the SRA, outcomes of the recreation opinion survey and present 3 draft concepts for the overall master plan. A list of elements for each concept was distributed to provide more details for consideration. The 18 participants were asked to form 3 small groups and asked to provide feedback on the 3 concepts for management and improvement of Pembina Gorge SRA. Each group was then asked to choose a representative to present comments to all in attendance. The following notes are the topics presented by the small groups. Summary of Public Input from Meeting 2

 Provide more motorized trail opportunities, including single-track motorcycle trails  Provide single-track motorcycle trails connected to the existing ATV trail  Provide more hiking trails, including long distance trails  Funds to maintain and improve Township roads will be needed with increased use  Consistent maintenance of roads, trails and facilities will be needed  Law enforcement should be part of increased use of the area  Provide a visitor center to create a destination and draw people into the Gorge experience  Need a better SRA headquarters offi ce  Provide more connections between the recreation trails and Township roads  Provide canoe access to Texas Crossing on the Pembina River  Construct a bridge across the Pembina River at Texas Crossing to improve recreation connectivity  Provide more kayak/canoe opportunities and river access  Construct a dam and create a new reservoir somewhere on the Pembina River to increase recreation opportunities (note this action is beyond the scope of this project)  Good idea to provide some shorter snowmobile trail loops near Walhalla  Make the trail along the Pembina River a multi-use trail including ATVs and snowmobiles  Combine all 3 concept to create one ideal concept  There is signifi cant funding available in North Dakota for recreation investment, we should be visionary and plan on the ideal solution for the area  Provide camping in or near the Gorge and primitive camping along the river

Public Meeting 3

On August 5, the draft master plan was presented at the North Dakota State Trails Conference at Turtle River State Park. On August 7 a public meeting was held at the American Legion in Walhalla to review public input to date, guiding statements for the SRA, outcomes of the recreation opinion survey, and present a preferred concept for the overall master plan. There were 16 people in attendance. The preferred concept for the master plan was discussed at length and participant’s comments are below. Summary of Public Input from Meeting 3  ND Department of Transportation will be rebuilding the historic Brick Mine Bridge. There is an opportunity to improve a river recreation access site as part of this effort.  ND Game and Fish Department stated that they support the master plan but are not interested in having trails on Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) in the Pembina Gorge area.

42 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan • Review Wolf Trap, Virginia as an example of a visitor center area for Pembina • Please have meetings with private land owners to discuss the master plan • More presence and enforcement will be needed as visitation increases • There is some private land at the Texas Crossing site • Where is funding going to come from to manage the road to Texas Crossing, other roads, and facilities? • People who recreate in the Gorge should “pay to play” • Consider the site across from Frost Fire Ski Hill as a possible site for a visitor center • Add single-track motorcycle trails to the existing multiuse OHV trail

Implementation Tasks for Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan

A list of implementation actions was distributed to provide more details and consider priorities. Meeting participants were asked to rank implementation priorities to understand what they think what should be addressed first. The ranked lists from each person were then combined together to see what the group as a whole thinks the priorities should be. This list has been used to identify priorities identified in the implementation section of this master plan.

Approx. Master Plan Element Notes Rank 1 Visitor center and associated landscape 1 Maintenance facility 2 Wildlife observation sites 3 Multi-use non-motorized trails 3 Equestrian trails 4 Scenic driving routes and associated destinations Improve Rendezvous Region Scenic Backway 4 information/ signs 5 More 60 inch OHV trails 5 Single-track trails (shared Mtn. & Dirt Bike) Texas crossing, Brick Mine, 6 River launch sites for paddling etc. Day use picnic and overlook sites with vehicle 6 Close to roads access 7 Texas crossing bridge Recreation or vehicle New snowmobile routes and improve existing 7 routes Trail grooming for winter snowmobile and non- 7 motorized recreation 7 Mountain bike loop routes on Township roads Add picnic sites and overlook at the existing 7 trailhead 8 Paddling-in picnic sites 8 Multi-use campground 8 Campground for large groups and event site 9 Boat-in campsites 9 Multi-use equestrian campground 10 OHV loop routes on Township roads 10 Cabin/yurt rentals (private or public)

Table #6. Implementation Priorities from Meeting #3 43 Research 44 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan MASTER PLAN

Master Plan Guiding Statements for Pembina Gorge SRA Introduction North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department Guiding statements clarify basic assumptions about (NDPRD) developed this master plan for Pembina SRA management, and provide context for how it should Gorge State Recreation Area (SRA) to document a long- be used. These statements provide the foundation for term vision for visitor experience, facility development, goals, objectives, and actions outlined in this plan. resource conservation, and management. The plan Actions identifi ed in this master plan should not confl ict was developed with extensive input from the public with the guiding statements. The following statements and government agencies. Research described in were developed from legal documents created as part the previous section was documented to identify of the purchase of SRA lands as well as the opinion opportunities, constraints and public opinion about of NDPRD staff that have been involved since the preferred recreation experiences. establishment of the SRA. The public and other state agencies were also invited to contribute to these This master plan is intended to be a shared vision for statements as part of the master plan process. There an outstanding recreation solution for the SRA and was little information documented relating to the SRA’s its surrounds. The master plan is ambitious and will guiding statements in previous planning efforts. This require cooperation of several organizations to succeed plan established the guiding statements for Pembina at implementing it. Pembina Gorge is a unique and Gorge SRA. extraordinary landscape in North Dakota that has great potential as both an outdoor recreation destination and North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department conservation area. The successful implementation of mission statement also provides guidance: the master plan will require a signifi cant investment that “The Department will provide and enhance will return outstanding a “one of a kind” experience to a outdoor recreation opportunities through great number of visitors and thus strengthen the state diverse parks and programs that conserve and local economy. The timeframe to implement the the state's natural diversity.” State recreation master plan will depend on several factors including areas are defi ned by NDPRD as “Areas where cooperation, public support, visitation levels, funding a clear emphasis is placed on the provision of and other forms of support. Priorities to implement the opportunities for primarily active recreation master plan are defi ned in this plan. activities. These might include recreational beaches, water theme parks, etc.”

Master Plan Process – 2014

April – May Inventory & Analysis

May – June Research & Public Opinion Survey

May Public Meeting 1 – Project Introductions & Opportunity Analysis

June Public Meeting 2 - Conceptual Master Plan

August Public Meeting 3 – Draft Master Plan

Sept. – Nov. Prepare and Publish Final Master Plan 45 Master Plan Purpose provided Purpose defi nes the reason(s) the area was set aside  Provide a multi-use trails system including as a SRA property: hiking, OHV, equestrian, biking, paddling, and snowmobiling  The Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area  River recreation including canoeing, kayaking, was established to provide various types of paddle boarding and other forms of non- outdoor recreation, while conserving the natural motorized boating resources and preserving the intrinsic quality of  Visitor experience should be rural/rustic with the area. facilities immersed in natural settings Signifi cance  Programs and facilities should be family oriented and meet ADA accessibility guidelines Signifi cance is summarized in statements that capture (wheelchair) the essence of each SRA’s importance to the natural and/or cultural heritage. The SRA has the following Primary Interpretation Themes important qualities: The primary interpretive themes describe the most relevant and interesting topics to provide through  A biologically diverse area in North Dakota materials, facilities, and programs. encompassing extensive, uninterrupted forested land. There is a convergence of three  Biological diversity & watchable wildlife of the bio-geographical zones including woodland, Pembina Gorge SRA provide visitors with a prairie, and riparian. unique understanding of the landscape.  The Rendezvous Region was the fi rst area settled by Europeans in North Dakota.  Paleontological sites and resources provide  The Pembina Gorge has rich paleontological & visitors with a glimpse into life of the oceans geologic resources. that existed here millions of years ago.  The SRA is one of the few designated motorized  The earliest European settlement in North trail systems in the state of North Dakota. Dakota occurred in this part of the state and  Pembina River is unique in its water fl ow, water centered around the fur trade. quality and scenic beauty.

Goals & Objectives Primary Recreation Experiences The following goals and objectives defi ne a plan Primary recreation experience statements defi ne the to provide visitor experiences and managing SRA intended visitor experiences, related facilities and resources. programs: Goal: Provide educational opportunities regarding  Nature-based recreation activities should be the values of the natural, paleontological, cultural, the focus of programs and facilities and visual resources and the importance of  4 seasons of recreation opportunities should be responsible use and stewardship of the land. 46 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan  Design, develop and manage a visitor center for Township to construct a new bridge across the the SRA to serve as a space for interpretation, Pembina River at Texas Crossing. information, services, and administrative  Partner with the Town of Walhalla, Pembina offi ces. Create indoor and outdoor spaces for and Cavalier Counties to prepare a plan and interpretive exhibits and presentations. manage township and county roads in the area  Continue to provide supervised paleontological as recreation routes. fossil dig events and improve interpretive  Improve scenic driving opportunities to and materials for use online, as presentations, and from the SRA on Township and County roads. in exhibits. Improve Rendezvous Region Scenic Backway  Develop a series of interpretive programs and with interpretive information, picnic sites, information for various visitor groups to expand overlook sites and other destinations. learning opportunities and interest in the SRA. Goal: Protect, manage and enhance natural, Goal: Provide and promote safe, diverse and paleontological, cultural and visual resources enjoyable outdoor nature-based recreation including maintaining and promoting healthy opportunities. ecosystems and their processes.

 Develop and manage at least one multi-use  Identify the locations and habitats of rare and campground to diversify recreation opportunities sensitive plant and animal species and take and provide a unique experience in a natural management actions to protect them. and rural setting.  Locate, protect, and research paleontological  Provide designated backcountry campsites near resources in the area. the Pembina River and other remote locations  Manage water quality in the Gorge through to establish a rustic camping opportunity. soil conservation measures and control of  Develop and manage additional diverse types agricultural chemicals, human waste, fuel of recreational trails as additional lands become spills, trash and other potential sources of available for recreational use: contamination. o Multi-use non-motorized single-  Continue to provide hunting and fi shing as track trails: hiking, mountain biking, methods to manage wildlife populations equestrian while providing traditional outdoor recreation o 60 inch OHV trails opportunities. o Single-track off-road motorcycle trails Goal: Partner with other agencies and organizations o Snowmobile routes with shorter loops to cooperatively improve and manage recreation near Walhalla and conservation values in the vicinity of the SRA.  Improve public access to Pembina River by acquiring or leasing lands, improving roads,  Partner with another organization to provide an providing parking and basic facilities. If funding information center in the Town of Walhalla to becomes available, collaborate with the increase interest and awareness in the SRA. 47 Master Plan • Apply for funding with partner organizations to • Study the potential to implement a recreation cooperatively implement the master plan and fee and permit structure to generate funds programs. for use in management of SRA facilities and • Establish a cooperative management programs. organization to plan projects, seek funding, and address issues as they come up. Alternative Concepts • Actively participate in the review of land use Three concepts were created as part of developing this regulations and proposed new land uses in the master plan. Alternative concepts allowed the planning vicinity of the SRA to promote a natural, rustic team and public to compare and contrast several outdoor recreation setting in the area. options to understand the strengths and weaknesses • Purchase or lease lands from willing land of each. These concepts were presented at a public owners to expand recreation opportunities and meeting and posted on the project webpage for all conservation resources as funding becomes stakeholders to consider and to provide feedback. available. Concept graphics can be viewed in figure #2. • Support private investment in nature-based Rendezvous River outdoor recreation services in the area including This concept focuses visitor experiences and facilities downhill skiing, equestrian facilities, camping, around the Pembina River corridor. While this concept canoe/ kayak, cabin/yurts, special events, and emphasizes visitor experiences on and adjacent to the other recreation facilities. river, it includes trails in the Gorge and scenic driving Goal: Define management policies, plans, routes on several County and Township roads. The programs, and funding for the above goals. following improvements would complement existing recreational opportunities. • Design and develop a maintenance and storage • River destinations facility to administrate the SRA. o Paddling-in picnic sites • Establish a maintenance plan and budget to o Boat-in campsites effectively manage facilities in the SRA for o Day use picnic and overlook sites with safety, cleanliness, and environmental quality. vehicle access • Improve enforcement of rules, regulations, and o Visitor center safety through an operation plan, patrolling, o Paddling put-in/take-out sites and communication. • River access sites • Establish a communication system with o Texas Crossing adjacent private land owners and others to o Vang Bridge manage issues and information and prevent o Brick Mine Bridge conflict. o Tetrault Woods • Analyze the need for staff and volunteer o Riverside Park in Walhalla expertise and numbers to assure a well- • Improve the road to Texas Crossing and pro- managed SRA. vide day-use facilities

48 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan  Multi-use non-motorized trail along the river  More river recreation access from Walhalla to the Canadian border  Cooperative visitor center in Walhalla  Trail connection to Little North Pembina and  Country campground (private or public) Lady Slipper trail  Additional 60 inch wide OHV trails  Support private business to provide equipment  New single-track trails (shared Mtn. & Dirt Bike) rentals for river recreation  Additional non-motorized trails  Maintenance facility in the SRA to better  Improve snowmobile trail network manage facilities and resources  Equestrian trails and facilities (private or public)  Wildlife viewing sites Recreation Network  Cabin/yurt rentals (private) This concept focuses on improving recreation routes  Support private business to provide equipment to and from Pembina Gorge, the Town of Walhalla rentals for river recreation and other areas in the County. While this concept  Maintenance facility in the SRA to better emphasizes visitor experiences on rural roads, it also manage facilities and resources includes new trails and other private or public nature- based recreation facilities. The combination of roads, Enhancements to Current SRA trails, destinations and services could create an This concept would include minimal improvements to extensive recreation network on both public and private the SRA to meet visitor and administrative needs. There lands. The following improvements would complement is strong interest in having staff presence in the SRA to existing recreational opportunities. provide information and enforce rules and regulations. More trails are desired by all visitor groups and this  Recreation Road Routes Including: concept would include some new trails if adequate o Scenic Driving land is available. The following improvements would o OHV Riding complement existing recreational opportunities. o Mountain Biking  Small visitor contact station and offi ce o Snowmobiling  Primitive camp sites near the existing trailhead  Tie the Network to Key Destinations  Additional non-motorized trails o Services in Walhalla  Picnic and overlook site at the current trailhead o Scenic Overlooks  Improve scenic backway information, signs, o Fossil Site and add interpretation stations o Frost Fire  Trail grooming for winter non-motorized recre- o Golf Course ation o River Access Points  Improve snowmobile trails o Trailhead  Maintenance facility in the SRA to better o Historic Sites manage facilities and resources o State Recreation Area o Wildlife Management Areas o A Group Picnic/ Use site o Tetrault Woods State Forest 49 Master Plan tEXAS CROSSING

ROAD IMPROVEMENTS TO CONNECT SCENIC DRIVING ROUTE TO TEXAS CROSSING (DASHED LINE)

pembina river

non-motorized trail nON-mOTORIZED TRAIL Connection FROM lady SLIPPER TRAIL TO THE PEMBINA RIVER

River Destinations *�picnic Area * Camping Area

vehicular river amenities *�Day Use Areas * Viewing areas

vISITOR CENTER LOCATION CLOSE TO THE PEMBINA RIVER

SCENIC BACKWAY RIVER CONNECTIONS

brick mine

non-motorized trail

Rendezvous river

tEXAS CROSSING ROAD IMPROVEMENTS TO CONNECT SCENIC DRIVING ROUTE TO TEXAS CROSSING (DASHED LINE) watchable wildlife site Potential equestrian SCENIc DRIVING ROUTE trails (LIGHT GREEN)

SNOWMOBILE ROUTE (BLUE) Numedahl OHV ROUTE (dark GREEN) Warming hut pembina river

potential Watchable wildlife trail

fossil dig potential scenic site POTENTIAL OHV ROUTE. drive connection to Watchable wildlife Main trailhead pENDING TRAIL REPAIR texas crossing sites (DASHED LINE)

walhalla

VANG COUNTRY CLUB bridge

fROST fIRE

Masonic overlook overlook trailhead brick mine

tetrault woods

Recreation Network

IMPROVE SNOWMOBILE TRAILS (maroon)

trail grooming for winter non-motorized recreation Trailhead improvements non-motorized * Picnic area and overlook trail expansion * a few campsites * Visitor contact station

IMPROVE SNOWMOBILE TRAILS (maroon)

improve backway experience (GREEN)

sTATE rECREATION AREA ENHANCEMENTS

50 Figure #2 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Preferred Action blend into the landscape and have little to no impact on The preferred action described below is the ideal solution the scenic quality of the natural landscape. All facilities to conserve resources, improve visitor experiences and management of recreational activities should be and expand outdoor recreation opportunities in and implemented with sustainability as an objective. around the SRA. There was overwhelming support There is a signifi cant opportunity to expand outdoor from the public, agencies, and the planning team recreation opportunities on both public and private to combine all three concepts described above into lands in the Pembina Gorge. At the same time, the one complete solution for the SRA and the area. It’s natural environment should be conserved and even important to emphasize that this plan improves outdoor improved. The private and public lands in and around recreation opportunities not only the SRA, but also in the Pembina Gorge are a collective landscape that the landscapes surrounding it. It will be important to depends on each of the parts. Private landowners will purchase or lease additional lands from willing private likely have the largest infl uence on the quality of the land owners to implement the proposed actions in landscape and visitors experiences depending on how this plan. Township and County roads provide a good they choose to use their lands. Private land ownership opportunity to be used as recreation routes, but more and use should and will be respected, but landowners land will be needed to create more trails and camping should also have a responsibility to consider greater opportunities. Some of these improvements could be community values. Current private landowners private or public-private partnerships. understand the collective value of the Pembina Gorge The overall vision for the master plan is to expand landscape and have managed their lands accordingly. outdoor recreation opportunities through a network of Signifi cant impacts to the landscape are more likely to recreation routes and trails that connect to recreation come from new landowners that may bring their own sites, the Pembina River, and visitor services. This ideas on how their land should be used, sometimes broad vision has the potential to draw more visitors irrespective of the community value. It will be important and types of outdoor recreational activities that will in for agencies and private landowners to cooperatively turn generate revenue to manage these resources and manage land use in and around the Pembina Gorge strengthen both the local and state economies. This as part of County and Township land use plans and vision will require a strong partnership and investment, policies. both public and private, to expand outdoor recreational The master plan map shows a Recreation and opportunities while conserving the beautiful Pembina Conservation Area that delineates the area of greatest Gorge landscape. The connectivity of the recreation value for both conservation and outdoor recreation network is one of the most signifi cant strengths of this opportunities. In addition to SRA lands, the other lands plan to make the whole greater than the sum of their in this area are either in private, North Dakota Forest parts. Service, or North Dakota Game and Fish ownership. New facilities should be high quality for durability and These landowners should be encouraged to manage have a rustic style in a natural setting. Facilities would their lands in these areas to consider these values. be similar to ones found in other state parks but with an This would also be a high priority area for the state attempt to minimize building size, paving and to have to acquire news lands to add to the SRA from willing native vegetation dominate recreation sites. Architecture landowners. This area is defi ned by its proximity to the and other facilities should use rustic materials such Pembina River, its tributaries and other lands located as logs and river stone to represent tradition pioneer within the Pembina Gorge. Management of scenic styles from the settlement period. This style will appear quality and vistas within this area is an important more vernacular, or “natural”, and will blend in with the consideration for land use decisions. Topography and natural setting rather than contrasting with it. Facilities, some unstable soils in this area also make it somewhat especially buildings, should be designed and located to less suitable for residential or other development which

51 Master Plan also lends itself to conservation. Biodiversity and natural habitats are concentrated in this area which also lends itself to conservation and recreation. The Recreation and Conservation Area can be seen on map #4.

The lands surrounding the Recreation and Conservation Area have significant value as either agricultural lands or as a Nature-Base Tourism Opportunity Area. Agricultural lands are an important part of the heritage and livelihood of residents and so should be respected. Agricultural lands also have value as wildlife habitat and contribute to the scenic quality of the area. As visitation to the SRA increases, private investment in tourism services such as lodging, food, entertainment, trails and other privately operated recreation facilities should be developed. This development would be most suitable in this tourism opportunity area which borders the Pembina Gorge, and extends along the scenic backway into Walhalla. Land use, architectural style, and landscape style should be regulated by the Township and County to assure continuity in quality and services in this area. The Frostfire Lodge is an example of a private investment in the Gorge that has sought to compliment the natural setting and experience. The Nature-Base Tourism Opportunity Area can be seen on map #4.

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ROAD IMPROVEMENTS TO CONNECT United States SCENIC DRIVING ROUTE TO TEXAS CROSSING (DASHED LINE)

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LEGEND Masonic overlook Existing Destination Points COUNTRY CLUB ?

River Destination Areas (non-motorized access)

River Put In/Take Out Areas fROST fIRE Ski area non-motorized tetrault overlook pembina River trail Proposed SCENIC DRIVING and Cycling Routes ? brick mine bridge proposed OHV ROUTE R i v Proposed NON-MOTORIZED TRAIL ? e m b i n a r e P Pembina River tetrault existing Multi-Use Trail trailhead 16 Miles proposed River Destination Existing Non-Motorized Trails on sra property 4.2 Miles HWY. 32 Existing Snowmobile Trails

Proposed snowmobile trails

existing Scenic Backway

Existing Township/County Roads 0 .5 1 mile

State Recreation Area (SRA) River Put in/Take Out Picnic area Vehicle parking Information Scenic Backway information/ watchable wildlife SHelter Restroom and Showers ? Pull Outs Note: Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Vault toilet (no water) River camping TH Trailhead Scenic Overlook Interpretive Opportunity RV/Trailer camping All recreation symbols with yellow VT Historic site outline are proposed improvements Park Staff and Snowmobile route flush toilets visitors center group camping equestrian camping OHV Route Scenic Driving Route 54 MAP #5 law eforcement Specific Area Designs Master Plan Elements with a panoramic view of the Gorge. A short trail and interpretive landscape could be provided to create a The following are key elements of the master plan setting for smalls groups to gather and hear interpretive vision. These elements will require more planning talks or appreciate interpretive panels. and design before they can be funded or developed. These elements should follow the style, quality, and sustainability principles outlined in the master plan. Preliminary schematic designs for several of the elements have been included to illustrate one possible solution for them. The location of these elements can be seen on map #4. Visitor Center

The public that participated in the process and the planning team showed a strong opinion to develop People that enter the visitor center would feel that they a visitor center within the SRA. The main reasons are walking into a natural history museum that features discussed included: having more staff presence, the resources, views, and history of the Pembina providing interpretive and other information to visitors. Gorge. If the visitor center can be located with an Several options for a visitor center were discussed and outstanding view of the Gorge, a wall of glass would analyzed. The detailed analysis of these options can provide panoramic views regardless of the weather. be reviewed in the research section of the master plan. The building would also have functional spaces such as It was decided that a full visitor center would best meet restrooms, information counter, presentation/ meeting visitor’s needs, provide offi ce space in the SRA, and act space, offi ces and some storage space. Figure #3 as a destination to attract more visitors. The majority of illustrates a potential design, but has not been prepared potential visitors to the SRA would be interested in a for a particular site. scenic drive and visit to an attractive and comfortable visitor center. These potential visitors are unlikely to List of Visitor Center Elements visit the SRA without its presence. The visitor center can be phased in over time based on funding and  Accessible Interpretive Plaza with Exhibits and visitation to the the SRA over time. Environmental Education Areas  Picnic Areas/Multi-Use Outdoor Spaces A site to develop a visitor center could not be selected as  Parking Area for Small and Large Vehicles part of this master plan due to the limited amount of fl at  Outdoor Deck off the Visitors Center for Views land found within the current SRA. Land with suitable of the Gorge space for a building, associated parking and potentially If a site with adequate size can be acquired, it would a maintenance area will need to be acquired before it be ideal to co-locate a maintenance and storage area can be developed. The ideal location for a visitor center with the visitor center. The maintenance area should would be on the east side of the Pembina Gorge at a only be co-located if it can be separated both physically site that has an expansive view of the Gorge. The site and visually from the visitor’s experience area. The would also ideally be located close to County Road 55 maintenance facility would be most convenient and to have better travel conditions during all seasons and secure if located next to the visitor center but this should weather. Proximity of existing utilities and good road be secondary to the quality of the visitor’s experience. access would help limit utility costs. Map #4 shows the best general area to locate a visitor center. List of Maintenance Area Elements

The ideal experience at the visitor center would be  Enclosed Storage Area to see a building that looks like it was designed to  Maintenance and Offi ce Buildings complement the natural setting and would have a patio 55 Master Plan Overlook and Picnic Site The ideal location for a campground would be on the east The existing trailhead on 121st Road is an ideal location side of Pembina Gorge, close to the existing trailhead, to create a picnic site and scenic overlook. As the main close to County Road 55, and near existing utilities. trailhead for the SRA, many visitors are already using The campground should be set back from roads to the site which has both parking and toilets. Many people provide a more tranquil setting. A new campground site who are currently touring the area in their vehicle pull would need to be relatively flat and ideally have good into the trailhead but don’t get out of their vehicles views into the Gorge. because an experience hasn’t been designed for them. The overlook and picnic site would only be used by The campground will be designed to accommodate visitors during fair weather, so a limited number of picnic various types of campers with some camping spurs tables and gathering space would suffice. The existing designed for specific recreation activities/equipment multi-use trail at the site may need to be realigned to such as OHVs and equestrians. The campground allow some separation from and space for the picnic should be designed to allow for phased development site. Figure #4 illustrates a potential design for the site. by having camping spurs off a main road that can be constructed as needed. These spurs could also List of Elements be closed individually based on demand during various periods. Figure #7a-7b illustrates a potential • Views of Pembina Gorge with Interpretive campground design which has not been prepared for Panels a particular site. • Accessible Trail to the Overlook List of Campground Elements: Campground • Large Camp Sours to Accommodate Equestrian The recreation opinion survey described in the research and OHV users section of this master plan shows a strong interest in • Vault toilet Facilities having camping facilities in the SRA. Visitors would • Trail Connections and Perimeter Trails not only like to have a campground with convenient • “Rustic” Campground Feel • access the trails and the river, but would also like to Training/Kids Area at the OHV Campground camp in a rural, natural setting. There is a Town-owned Texas Crossing Launch and Day Use Area campground in Walhalla but it is at capacity during Texas Crossing is located on the Pembina River ½ mile popular camping periods and provides more of a town south of the United States - Canadian border where setting. It may be necessary to build a campground in 108th Road reaches the river. This is a popular launch phases to meet demand as it increases. The SRA does site for canoes and kayaks. There used to be a bridge not have a suitable flat site to develop a camping area, across the Pembina River at this location but it was so it will be necessary to purchase land from a willing washed away in a flood. This northern section of the private land owner before it can be constructed. river is most pristine and therefore an attractive launch

56 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan location. A snowmobile trail crosses the river at this and Game and Fish lands, usually without permission. location during the winter months. The existing 108th Since a multi-use OHV trail was constructed in the SRA, Road is currently in poor condition where it drops down many riders now ride on this trail or on Township roads, into the Gorge; has mud holes, poor drainage, and little which are open to OHV use. There is strong interest and or no gravel base course. demand for more OHV riding opportunities, especially on designed trails. This master plan recommends NDPRD should partner with the local governments development of more OHV trails including multi-use and to improve the road to Texas Crossing, develop a single-track OHV trails. A specific area for development paddle launch site and day use area on the edge of of more OHV trails has not been identified in the master the river. Improving access and facilities at this site plan, because these trails would have to be developed would increase popularity of paddling on the river on newly acquired lands. Another alternative would be and would become a popular destination for scenic to purchase trail easements from willing private land driving, bicycling, hunting, birding and OHV riding. This owners. These methods have already been used in the would also become a trailhead location if the proposed SRA for landowners not interested in selling, but are Pembina River trail is constructed. Construction of a supportive of trail development. New OHV trails should new bridge crossing the river is proposed and would be designed and constructed to standards similar to depend on funding sources. It could be a recreational the ones used for the existing OHV trail in the SRA. trail bridge or a full-size vehicle bridge. A full-size vehicle bridge would have added benefit of road connectivity Township roads are popular for OHV riding for people for local resident use, emergency access and for other looking for a scenic ride with little technical challenge. recreational activities. Figure #6 illustrates a potential There are many potential visitors that would enjoy this design for the Texas Crossing site. kind of scenic riding. The popularity of recreational off- highway vehicles (ROV), or side-by-sides, is likely to List of Elements: make easy OHV riding even more popular in the future. • Vault Toilet Facilities and Information Kiosk The master plan proposes use of some Township roads • Small and Large Vehicle Parking with Trailers to create looped riding routes with destinations such • Vehicular and Pedestrian Briddge over the as a visitor center, picnic sites, scenic overlooks, etc. Pembina River There are approximately 47 miles of proposed OHV • River Access/Launch Area routes shown on map #5 that also connect to Walhalla. • Picnic Areas These routes have been planned to be separate from scenic driving routes to reduce the potential for OHV Routes & Trails crowding. It would be important for NDPRD to formalize Off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation has been a an agreement with the Township on how to manage of popular activity in the Pembina Gorge for a long time. OHV use on these roads. In the past, much of the riding happened on private 57 Master Plan Scenic Driving Routes on public land or in road right-of-ways. Some land or The existing Rendezvous Region Scenic Backway trail easements would also need to be acquired from extends from Akra, through Walhalla, and west along willing land owners. There would be approximately County Road 55 through the Pembina Gorge. The 26 additional miles of non-motorized trails which can Backway is proposed to be part of a series of scenic be reviewed on map #5. These trails would require a driving loops between Walhalla and the Gorge. The specifi c plan and would need to be developed over driving loops would follow existing Township roads time. Creating long-distance non-motorized trails like and lead to destinations such as the visitor center, these would help to make Pembina Gorge a regional interpretive panels, scenic overlooks, day use sites, destination for multi-day backpacking trips. Additional etc. Many of the roads in the area have a native soil non-motorized trails could also be developed on new surface which will limit their use as scenic driving routes lands added to the SRA. There are plans for the during dry periods. There are approximately 60 miles of existing Lady Slipper Trail to be extended to the west proposed scenic driving routes shown on map #5. It when funding becomes available. will be important for NDPRD to formalize an agreement Snowmobile Trails with the Township on how to fund management of scenic driving on these roads. There are currently 450 miles of snowmobile trails in the Rendezvous Region of the Pembina Gorge. This Equestrian Trails plan proposes improving existing trails in the Gorge The recreation opinion survey indicates a strong to fl atten their surface and to cut back vegetation. interest in development of trails and facilities for The plan also proposes adding additional shorter equestrian riding and camping. This is an important snowmobile loops on Township roads to create shorter traditional activity for local residents and people in this riding experiences close to Walhalla and the SRA. part of North Dakota. The number of people that would There would be approximately 63 miles of snowmobile use equestrian facilities is uncertain, but development routes in the SRA/ Walhalla area as shown on map of these facilities would most likely increase equestrian #5. It would be important for NDPRD to formalize an activities. A specifi c location for new equestrian trails agreement with the Township, SND, and NESCA has not been identifi ed in the master plan because more on how to manage snowmobiling on these roads. A land would need to be acquired or leased from willing snowmobiler’s warming hut has also been proposed private landowners to develop them. Equestrian riders on the Numedahl property, which is labeled on map #5. require adequate parking and space to stage riding Backcountry Campsites activities. They also need camping sites designed for management of horses and their feed. Equestrian trails A non-motorized trail and paddling on the Pembina and facilities could also be provided on private property River would provide the opportunity for backcountry in the area. primitive camping near the edge of the river. A limited number of campsites will be designated and their use Non-motorized Trails evaluated to understand interest in using them and their Project participants and the recreation opinion survey management needs. They would be located above the showed a strong interest for the development of annual fl ood level of the river to prevent damage to the additional non-motorized trails for hiking and mountain campsites. The campsites would have a fi re ring, tent bicycling. The primary idea that emerged from the pad, and pit toilet. The toilets would be constructed master plan is to develop non-motorized trails along away from the river and other water sources to prevent the Pembina and Little Pembina Rivers from Walhalla contamination. The campsites should be located to the Texas Crossing. A trail connection along 109th relatively close to OHV trails or roads so they can be Road would connect the Pembina and Little Pembina easily maintained. Campers would be required to pack rivers at the north end. These trail corridors are loose, trash out. Approximate locations for campsites can be conceptual ideas that would need to be aligned to stay seen on map #5.

58 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan Asphalt PARKING AREA Proposed Drumlin interpretive * 15 OVERSIZE VEHICLE Vegetation, typ. berms/screen, typ. * 18 STANDARD VEHICLE Entry sign and gate

MAINTENANCE AREA * ENCLOSED STORAGE YARD * ENTRY GATE Township or county road * MAINTENANCE BUILDING * OFFICE * EQUIPMENT STORAGE * OUTDOOR STAFF AREA

Pull out area

KETTLE lAKE SMALL AMPHITHEATER/ Outdoor Education Classroom

DROP-OFF

Ammonite Interactive Picnic Area Sculpture GLACIAL ERRATIC INTERPRETIVE LANDSCAPE, Interpretive TYP. Entry Plaza Program Space

KAME overlook

ESKER ridge Interpretive TRAIL WITH BENCHES AND

VIEW OF THE GORGE PICNIC AREAS

VIEW OF THE GORGE

Visitors Center Native VISITOR CENTER Mosasaur interactive Paleontology Timeline Interpretive Wall vegetation, * FOOTPRINT OF turtle RIVER sculpture With Bas Relief or etched replica fossils 0’ 25’ 50’ typ. FIGURE #3 STATE PARK vc CHILDREN'S FOSSIL Viewing Deck with DIG AREA Interpretive panels

59 Specific Area Designs Trailhead Overlook Landscape boulders for aesthetics and to prevent short cutting FIGURE #4 Stone edger to contain overlook Existing shrub vegetation, base course material typ.

VIEW OF THE GORGE

Existing Trailhead and entry signage

Native stone wall

Interpretive panes, typ. (3 total) +/- 25' Timber seats 15' +/-

VIEW OF THE GORGE

Mowed turf trail, typ. Trail signage

6' wide soft surface trail. Grade not Existing multi-use trail 0’ 5’ 10’ to exceed 5%

Existing Trailhead and entry signage

View of the gorge from the proposed overlook location

60 Specific Area Designs Gravel PARKING AREA Trail map * PULL-OUT/drop off and prep AREA Gravel OHV and snowmobile Pull-out Existing Vegetation, typ. * 9 OVERSIZE VEHICLE Paths Texas crossing Fencing * 15 STANDARD VEHICLE VAULT toilet ENTRY SIGN and gate FIGURE #5 Landscape boulders

T o w n s h i p r o a d

Kiosk Vehicular and recreational bridge Picnic areas

Trail map

RIVER ACCESS/ PICNIC AREA, typ.

River Trail

0 20 40’

61 Specific Area Designs Group Use Area FIGURE #6

Non mowed grass

Existing vegetation Group fire ring Clusters, TYP.

Group Shelter Mowed Area, Typ.

Gravel Path Landscape boulders

Vault toilet Special event and maintenance access with closure gate

i p r o a d Entry sign and gate o w n s h y o r t Dumpster and C o u n t enclosure

Gravel Parking Area * 21 standard vehicle * 4 large vehicles

Note: Area to be mowed for group use varies depending on the 0 15 30’ size of the group.

62 Specific Area Designs Multi-Use campgrounds FIGURE #7a OHV and Multi-use Training/kids area entry Approx. Site Area: 6.3 acres * Rules and regulations sign Accommodates ohv users (longer spurs) * Width restrictor Trail connection to training/ 20 pull-through, double and single vehicle camp spurs * Closure gate kids riding area 1 host site

Native vegetation, TYP.

Back in spur (See enlarged plans)

Approximate Site area

Mowed Area, Typ.

Low fence, Typ.

Dumpster Vault toilet

Multi-use trail connection With TRAIL MAP Multi-use trail connection With TRAIL MAP

Campground OHV perimeter trail

or township road County

Entry Sign and gate Kiosk and fee tube pull off Pull-through spur Gravel camp loop road Native vegetation, TYP. (SEE ENLARGED PLANS) 0 15’ 30’ 63 Specific Area Designs Training/kids riding area FIGURE #7b

Mow riding area as Needed

Low fence, Typ.

Training/kids area entry * Rules and regulations sign * Width restrictor * Closure gate

Open riding area

0 15’ 30’

64 Specific Area Designs Multi-Use campground FIGURE #8 Equestrian and multi-use Accommodates equestrian use Pull-through spur Mowed Area, Typ. - Shared corrals (See enlarged plans) - Widened spurs and pull-throughs Approximate Dumpster Back in spur 20 pull-through and double vehicle camp spurs, and 1 host site Site area 8 acres (See enlarged plans)

Buddy camping spur

O n e Vault toilet - W

a

Corrals y

-12'x16' corrals C a

With gate, typ. m

p

L o

Internal o

p

equestrian R

trails o

a d

Multi-use trail connection Multi-use trail connection With TRAIL MAP With TRAIL MAP

County or township road

Existing vegetation to remain, typ. Gravel camp loop road Entry sign and gate Kiosk and fee tube pull off 0 15 30’

65 Specific Area Designs Locate Sites To Preserve Existing Vegetation

Woody Debris for varies 75' Min. resource protection existing low vegetation for Electrical Hook- Gravel camp Loop Road ups 15' 11' Screening (if applicable) 40' Gravel Facility and 45' tent Pad

20' 15' 15'

existing low vegetation for Screening

Gravel Facility Pad Gravel camp Loop Road gravel Tent Pad landscape boulders

Back In Spur (2 vehicles) not to scale pull-through spur (2-3 vehicles) not to scale

varies 75' Min. Locate Sites To Preserve 11' Electrical Hook- Existing Vegetation ups Gravel camp Loop Road 15' camp (if applicable) 11' Facility 45' Pad

17'-0' 20' pre-manufactured Fire Ring 15� Gravel Facility Pad

pre-manufactured Picnic Table 26'-0' natural material Facility pad Border Gravel Facility Pad typical camp facility pad Woody Debris for gravel Tent Pad not to scale resource protection existing low vegetation for Screening Back In Spur (3 vehicles) not to scale

FIGURE #9 66 Specific Area Designs Probable Cost to Develop Select Recreation Facilities

The following Preliminary Concept Plan Opinion of Probable Cost is an opinion costs for the design, planning and construction of the plan elements and areas as presented in the Pembina Gorge Specifi c Area Designs. Detailed costs may be found in the appendix. Assumptions utilized in the development of the estimates include:

1. The estimate is a Conceptual Plan (Class C) estimate due to the conceptual level of planning and design that is in support of this estimate. At the preliminary stages of planning and design, it is very diffi cult to determine the complete scope of the project in detail; programming of the project is an approximation and is based on project meetings, existing site inventory and the concepts included in this. The estimate should be used for preliminary budgeting purposes only. 2. The preliminary unit quantities are both take-offs of features from the Concept Designs as well as assumptions based on project programming and similar project experience. The assumptions are noted in the notes column of the specifi c estimate detail sheets. 3. The unit costs are based on cost estimate data collected from similar types of projects bid in the past few years as well as published cost data information for some project elements. The unit costs refl ect unit costs typically found in a bid and construct project. 4. The estimate does not include an annual escalation factor. The costs refl ect estimated costs for 2014. 5. Costs for compliance and/or mitigation permitting costs are not included. 6. Costs for land acquisition or land leasing are not included 7. The costs included for utilities are assumptions only as existing and proposed utility plans were not available. 8. Estimate Markup and Contingencies. This estimate contains a series of cost markups and contingencies that are applied to the estimate. The markups and contingencies are applied to the estimate subtotal. The following is a brief description of each of these: a. Owner’s Contingency. This contingency is a recommended fund that the Owner should hold aside for use during project construction. The fund can be applied to additions and or changes made during the construction process. The Owners Contingency applied to this estimate is three (3) percent of estimated construction cost. b. Schematic Design Contingency. This mark-up relates to the accuracy of the estimate and completeness of the design documents on which the estimate is based. Design Contingencies are generally gradually reduced by the stage the project is in the design process, which ranges from early conceptual planning through construction documentation. This estimate is based on the Plan document which is at the preliminary stages of planning and design. At this stage in this project it is very diffi cult to determine the complete scope of the project in detail, therefore the design contingency is set at a fairly high percentage. The Schematic Design Contingency applied to this estimate is twenty fi ve (25) percent of estimated construction cost. c. Contractors Bid Bonds. This markup is the estimated percentage the General Construction Contractor and Subcontractors cost of bid, construction, warranty and repair bonds required by the project. The Contractors Bid Bonds markup applied to this estimate is four (4) percent of estimated construction cost. d. Contractors Mobilization, General Requirements and Profi t. This markup is the estimated percentage the General Construction Contractor and Subcontractors cost for mobilizing for the project, the cost of the specifi ed general requirements and the general contractors profi t markup for the project. The Contractors Bid Bonds markup applied to this estimate is ten (10) percent of estimated construction cost.

67 Master Plan 9. Design Services Allowances. This estimate, in a separate total, contains a series of allowances for professional fees and expenses for design consultants, including: planning and design services fees and expenses; special studies fees and expenses, including surveying and geotechnical investigations; and construction administration fees and expenses. These allowance markups estimate subtotal. The following is a brief description of each of these: a. Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Documents Fees and Expenses Allowance. This markup is for Consultant planning and design services required for future design tasks required to move the project through the design process from Concept Planning through Construction Document development for construction contract bidding. This percentage will vary depending on the types of design disciplines required, the project feature that is being designed as well as the size of the design project and or project phase. The percentage utilized in this estimate is at the high end of the normal range, due to the conceptual level of project planning and the assumption that the project will be developed in numerous phases. The Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Documents markup applied to this estimate is twelve (12) percent of estimated construction cost. b. Construction Administration Fees and Expenses Allowance. This markup is for Consultant services in support of project construction including: project construction observations visit; review of submittals; response to questions or clarifications; development of change orders; and other many other tasks. This percentage will vary depending on the types of design disciplines required, the project feature that is being designed as well as the size of the design project and or project phase. The Construction Administration Fees and Expenses Allowance markup applied to this estimate is three (3) percent of estimated construction cost. c. Special Studies. This markup is for Consultant services in support of project planning, design and construction and may include: geotechnical investigations; topographic and improvements surveying and mapping; materials testing; existing utility investigations and others. This percentage will vary depending on the types of special studies required for planning and design and or construction. The Special Studies Fees and Expenses Allowance markup applied to this estimate is two (2) percent of estimated construction cost.

Area Total Construction Cost Total Design Services Grand Total Construction and Design

Visitors Center $2,567,041 $385,056 $2,952,097 Group Use Area $218,598 $32,790 $251,388 OHV Campground $661,697 $99,255 $760,952 Equestrian Campground $637,655 $95,648 $733,303 Texas Crossing $202,618 $30,393 $233,011 GRAND TOTAL $4,287,609 $643,142 $4,930,751

68 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan

RPA Confidential 12/8/2014 Page 1 of 1 Implementation Strategy To realize the vision established in this master plan, NDPRD will need to partner with several organizations. This master plan is a long-term vision to improve Some organizations can help fund and implement and manage Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area. the master plan, while others can show their support This plan could take up to 25 years to implement and advice on management of outdoor recreation and depending on funding, cooperation and popularity of resources. A collaboration organization or association the SRA. Implementation of the master plan will require needs to be established to assist with implementing cooperation and collaboration with other organizations. this plan and to address issues as they come up. Land will be needed to expand outdoor recreation While it will require a signifi cant amount of funding and opportunities. It will be essential for the NDPRD and commitment to implement this master plan, the returns other organizations to purchase or lease private lands on experience and economic development will be from willing land owners. As visitation increases and worth the investment. It may be benefi cial to establish additional facilities are developed, NDPRD will need to a non-profi t organization that can raise funds and gain fund more staff positions to manage these resources support to implement the master plan. It could also and provide quality service. contribute to management of the SRA in various ways.

The following implementation table outlines a strategy Organizations that could help implement the master to implement this master plan over time. This table plan and support the SRA include: lists an ideal order for actions to be implemented, but the order of these actions will largely depend  North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department on which actions are funded fi rst and which actions  Town of Walhalla other organizations choose to support. A signifi cant  Walhalla Chamber of Commerce investment into developing recreational facilities will  Walhalla Economic Development Offi ce be needed before visitation signifi cantly increases.  Cavalier County Local residents and potential visitors have shown an  Pembina County interest in recreating in the Pembina Gorge and this  North Dakota Forest Service interest is expected to increase as the SRA becomes  North Dakota Game and Fish Department more well known. Improving information about the SRA  North Dakota Geological Survey and promoting it also has good potential to increase  Red River Regional Council visitation.  Fremont Township  SND  North Dakota Department of Transportation

69 Master Plan Table #7. Master Plan Implementation Priorities

Priority Master Plan Implementation Actions Notes This organization would be facilitated by NDPRD staff Establish an organization to support and could develop into a non-profi t organization. 1 improvement, management and promotion of The organization would also be used to outreach with the SRA. private landowners. Design and build a visitor center and 2 Land will need to be acquired to develop this facility. associated landscape Design and build a maintenance and storage Land will need to be purchased to develop this facility. If 3 facility possible, locate close to the visitor center. Land will need to be purchased to develop this facility. Campsites and spurs can be phased-in over time as 4 Design and build campsites or a campground funding becomes available and demand increases. Provide a group campsite that can also be used as a special event site. Establish wildlife observation and scenic Partner with Game & Fish to determine the best 5 overlook sites locations for these. Expand the Lady Slipper Trail to the west. Design and build additional multi-use non- 6 Additional land or trail easement leases will need to be motorized trails acquired to signifi cantly expand trail opportunities. Additional land or trail easement leases will need to be 7 Develop more multi-use and single-track acquired to signifi cantly expand trail opportunities. OHV trails Cooperate with private landowners that may be interested in providing OHV facilities on their land. Additional land or trail easement leases will need to be acquired to signifi cantly expand trail opportunities. 8 Develop equestrian trails Cooperate with private landowners that may be interested in providing equestrian facilities on their land. Designate and manage scenic driving Partner with the Town of Walhalla, Fremont Township routes and improve destinations along the 9 and other organizations to plan, fund, and promote routes, including Rendezvous Region Scenic these routes. Backway Additional land or easements will be needed to provide Improve River launch and access sites for parking, toilets, and other facilities at these sites. 10 paddling at Texas crossing, Vang Bridge, Road improvements will be needed to access these Brick Mine, and in Walhalla sites. Design and develop a day use picnic and The existing multi-use trail may need to be realigned to 11 overlook site at the Pembina Trailhead create a space for this use. Partner with the North East Snowmobile Club Designate new snowmobile routes and 12 Association and other organizations to plan, fund, and improve existing routes. promote these routes. Purchase grooming equipment and groom some Trail grooming for winter non-motorized 13 existing trails for winter non-motorized recreational use. recreation Phase in groomed trails as demand increases. Develop boat-in/ hike-in campsites along the Develop a few camp sites and analyze their use level 14 Pembina River and maintenance to understand value versus cost Designate and manage OHV loop routes on Partner with the Town of Walhalla and other 15 Township roads organizations to plan, fund and promote these routes. These could be provided in the SRA campground or could be developed by private landowners. 16 Develop cabins or yurts as lodging in the area These structures could attract visitors that would not otherwise be interested in camping. 70 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan CONTRIBUTORS

Contributors This publication was prepared by the North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department with support from Great Outdoors Consultants (lead), Robert Peccia and Associates and Red Canoe LLC. A special thanks to Mark Zimmerman, Director of NDPRD, for his support and leadership in making this master plan a reality. All organizations and individuals that contributed are thanked for their input and dedication to implementing the master plan.

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department

Mark Zimmerman Director [email protected] Matt Gardner Recreation Division Manager [email protected] Mike Duerre Pembina Gorge SRA Manager [email protected] Jesse Hanson Planning Division Manager [email protected] Justin Robinson Icelandic State Park Manager [email protected] Travis Bennett Park Ranger Erik Dietrich Motorized Recreation Coordinator [email protected]

Great Outdoors Consultants

Drew Stoll Project Director [email protected] David Chester Project Manager [email protected] Jim Keeler Senior Recreation Planner

Robert Peccia and Associates

Greg Oakes Landscape Designer [email protected] Aubrey Hake Landscape Designer Mark Kosmos Publication Design [email protected]

Red Canoe LLC

Sergio Capozzi Recreation Opinion Survey [email protected]

Photo Credits: North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department, Great Outdoors Consultants, Robert Peccia and Associates, Red Canoe LLC, Snowmobile North Dakota,

Accessibility: The North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department’s facilities, programs, and employment procedures are open to all, regardless of age, sex, race, color, disability, religion, national origin, or political affi liation. Contact us prior to your visit if you need an accommodation for a disability. For more information, contact North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department, 1600 East Century Avenue, Suite 3, Bismarck, ND 58503; phone 701-328-5357; or Relay North Dakota TTY Service 800-366-6888.

71 Master Plan ACRONYMS

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

ATV All-terrain Vehicle

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

Gorge Pembina River Gorge

NDGF North Dakota Game and Fish

NDGS North Dakota Geological Survey

NDNHI North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory

NDPRD North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department

NESCA Northeast Snowmobile Club Association

OHV Off-Highway Vehicle

PGSRA Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area

ROV Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle (aka side-by-side)

SCORP State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan

SND Snowmobile North Dakota

SRA State Recreation Area

USGS United States Geological Survey

VC Visitor Center

WMA Wildlife Management Area

72 Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan REFERENCES

References

Larimer County, Colorado & EDAW Inc. Horsetooth Mountain Park Resource Conservation and Visitor Experience Management Plan. 2006

National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation Council (NOHVCC) & Tom Crimmins. Management Guidelines for OHV Recreation. 2006

North Dakota Geological Survey & John Hoganson. Brochure:Guide to Geology & Prehistoric Life of the Rendezvous Region. 1999

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department, SRF Consulting Group & Tom Crimmins. Master Plan for Trail Development in the Turtle Mountain and Pembina Gorge Areas. 2005

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department & Results Unlimited. North Dakota Off-Highway Vehicle Strategic Plan. 2012-2016

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department & Snowmobile North Dakota. North Dakota Snowmobile Strategic Plan. 2013-2017

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department & Clearwater Communications. North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). 2013-2017

North Dakota State University, Gaylon G. Baker. Pembina Mountains: Concepts for a Recreation Enhancement and Coordination Plan. 1982

North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory (NDNHI). Pembina Gorge Natural Diversity Inventory.1986.

North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory (NDNHI). Natural Heritage Inventory Data. 2014

Red Canoe LLC. Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Public Recreation Survey. 2014

US Corps of Engineers. Pembilier Lake and Dam Environmental Impact Statement. 1977.

73 Master Plan APPENDICES PUBLIC RECREATION SURVEY

Appendices Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Public Recreation Survey

Summary Results

Conducted in Support of the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan

August 2014

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Visitor and public surveys (or questionnaires) are a useful and efficient instrument to collect data and information from a visitor population regarding demand and generalized opinions and preferences for recreational opportunities (e.g., access, activities, facilities, programs, services such as a visitor center, etc.). Great Outdoors Consultants, in cooperation with Red Canoe, LLC and North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department (NDPRD), implemented a broad public recreation survey to collect resident and visitor input that will inform the development of the Master Plan for the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area (SRA). The public recreation survey was intended to augment the other public and stakeholder actions (e.g., public meetings, stakeholder interviews, etc.) completed as part of the Master Plan development process.

The Great Outdoors Consultant team (including staff from NDPRD and Red Canoe, LLC) developed the questions included on the public recreation survey. The team reviewed other statewide recreation surveys and pertinent reports for consistency in the types and wording of questions. These other statewide recreation surveys and reporting efforts included the following:

• 2013-2017 North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (household survey component) • 2013-2017 North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan Recreational Trail Needs • North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department Off-Highway Vehicle Program 2012- 2016 Strategic Plan and Research Study • North Dakota Snowmobile Program Strategic Plan 2013-2017

While these sources were reviewed for questions and wording, the questions used on the public recreation survey were specifically tailored for the master planning effort.

The Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan public recreation survey was administered on-site (at the Pembina Gorge trailhead) and using a web-based survey tool. Both the on-site and online survey forms consisted of similar questions; the specific questions included in each version of the survey are provided in Appendix 1. On site or field-based surveys are an efficient way to target existing visitors to an outdoor recreation area, while Internet surveys are an efficient and effective method to administer a general public input survey, in particular as more and more households gain convenient access to the Internet through home computers and other connected devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, etc.). Internet accessibility rates are particular high in North Dakota (84 percent of individuals live in a household that accesses the internet), as well as neighboring Minnesota (87.7 percent) and Manitoba (79.9 percent) (US Census Bureau 2012; Statistics Canada 2013).

The Internet-based Pembina Gorge public recreation survey was available for participation between May 16 and July 4, 2014. The survey was completely open; that is, anyone with the survey link could participate in the survey (this type of broad, open methodology was used since an identifiable visitor population was not readily available for a closed, sample-driven

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  survey). While this open methodology limits statistical representation (between the sample population and the entire visitor population), it does not reduce the value of the survey results. The opinions of participants, including special interest and stakeholder groups, provide key insight into the needs and preferences of specific user populations. These specific needs and preferences are valuable in crafting a master plan that is responsive and inclusive of all visitors.

In addition to the Internet-based survey, NDPRD and Great Outdoors Consultants staff administered the survey to visitors to Pembina Gorge SRA on five days, including May 17, 18, 24, 25, and 26 (Memorial Day). NDPRD also administered several on-site surveys in June. During these on-site survey implementation dates, all visitors to the Pembina Gorge SRA trailhead were informed about the Master Plan process and provided the opportunity to participate in the survey. In general, more than 80 percent of visitors to Pembina Gorge SRA on these dates agreed to and completed a survey.

Results from the Pembina Gorge SRA public recreation survey are presented below. The completed surveys and associated results represent a snapshot in time of (existing and potential new) visitor needs and preferences. They are one data point that should be considered alongside other available information, public input from stakeholder meetings, and the professional judgment, experience, and outlook of NDPRD staff in the development of the Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan.

Pembina Gorge Public Recreation Survey Results

Participation Summary In total, 413 visitor surveys were submitted between May 16 and July 4, 2014, including 335 online and 78 onsite surveys. Of these, 381 or about 92 percent were usable surveys; that is, visitors completed more than the first survey question (unusable surveys were generally blank except for the first question). Most (31) of the unusable surveys were submitted online. Only one on-site survey was unusable. The summary results presented below are specific to the 381 usable surveys that were collected during the implementation time period.

In social science and specifically recreation research, a participation population of 381 is typically adequate to make reliable statistical inferences (e.g., 95 percent confidence level, 5 percent sampling error, etc.) about a target visitor population (even if that target population includes 1,000,000 or more visitors). As such, the 381 completed Pembina Gorge public recreation surveys is likely adequate to make generalizations about the entire visitor population. This is not to imply that the survey was specifically designed to meet statistical reliability targets. As noted above, since the visitor population size was unknown prior to implementation of the public recreation survey, a broad methodology was used to encourage participation. The tradeoff of this broad methodology is the potential introduction of participation (e.g., one subgroup dominates participation) and other forms of bias. As such, the public recreation survey results should be reviewed and assessed comprehensively with the other public input elements of the Master Plan process.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Summarized Results The following tables and figures present summarized results from the Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area (SRA) Master Plan Recreation Visitor Survey. Summary results are presented by question. Where appropriate, the summary results are presented separately for the on-site and online version of the survey. In general, the survey results for online and on-site survey participants were similar, indicating that these visitor population subgroups were not substantially different in their visitation patterns, preferences, and needs.

For questions with open-ended responses, participants’ qualitative responses are summarized below. Verbatim, non-summarized responses are provided in Appendix 2.

Have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months? In general, a majority of survey participants had been to the Pembina Gorge SRA in the previous 12 months (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Visitation to Pembina Gorge SRA in the Previous 12 Months.

Online survey participants were more likely than on-site participants to have visited the Pembina Gorge SRA in the previous 12 months (Figure 2). Based on anecdotal discussions with on-site visitors, many stopped at the Pembina Gorge SRA on their way to another destination or out of curiosity (e.g., they had heard about the site, but had not previously visited).

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Figure 2. Previous Visitation Online vs. Onsite Comparison.

Participants who responded “No” to Question 1 were asked several additional questions about their familiarity with the Pembina Gorge SRA, as well as their general recreation habits and preferences. Summary responses from these questions are provided below.

[Q1 = No] If No (to Question 1), are you familiar with Pembina Gorge and its recreation opportunities? A majority of survey participants (72.3%) who had not been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months were familiar with the area and its recreation opportunities (Figure 3).

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Figure 3. Familiarity with Pembina Gorge SRA. EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϰ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  [Q1 = No] How likely are you to visit Pembina Gorge in the next 12 months? Slightly less than 50 percent of participants (who responded “No” to Question 1) were highly likely or definitely planning to visit Pembina Gorge in the next 12 months (Figure 4). ϰϬ͘Ϭй

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Figure 4. Likelihood of Visiting Pembina Gorge in the next 12 months.

[Q1 = No] If NDPRD could do one thing at Pembina Gorge to encourage your visit, what would it be? Twenty-five participants (who responded “No” to Question 1) provided a response to this question. Their open-ended, qualitative responses have been summarized and grouped into the categories below (number in parentheses indicates number of responses).

• Improve/expand the trail system (11) • Add camping (5) • Advertise and provide more information (4) • Add horse-related amenities/opportunities (3) • Make it a State Park (2)

[Q1 = No] What activities do you typically participate in at any outdoor recreation area? More than 40 percent of survey participants who responded “No” to Question 1 indicated that they typically participate in camping, equestrian (horse) use, hiking and scenic driving, respectively (Figure 5). The percentages listed in Figure 5 total to more than 100 percent since participants could check all activities that they typically participate in.

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Figure 5. Typical Outdoor Recreation Activities of Survey Participants (who have not been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months).

“Other” responses to this question included: downhill skiing (1 response) and rock climbing (1 response).

[Q1 = No] When choosing an outdoor recreation area or site, what facilities or amenities are important in your decision? More than 60 percent of participants who responded “No” to Question 1 indicated that both restrooms and campgrounds, respectively, were important in their decision regarding where to recreate (Figure 6). Additionally, more than 40 percent of participants (who responded “No” to Question 1) indicated that equestrian trails and equestrian parking and other facilities, respectively, are important in deciding where to visit. The prevalence of equestrian-related facilities/amenities is likely related to the high percentage of equestrian users who responded “No” to Question 1 (nearly 50%).

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Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй

Figure 6. Preferred Outdoor Recreation Facilities and Amenities of Survey Participants (who have not been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months).

This was the final question specific to participants who answered “No” to Question 1. The remaining survey questions (as provided below) were specific to those participants who responded “Yes” to Question 1, unless noted otherwise.

If Yes (to Question 1), about how many times? Table 1 below lists the minimum, maximum, average, and median number of visits by survey participants to Pembina Gorge in the past 12 months. The values in the first column (“All Responses”) were calculated based on all 217responses. The values in the second column (“Outliers Removed”) were calculated using the same response pool, though exclude the 7 participants who provided responses of 75 or more visits.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Table 1. Number of Trips to Pembina Gorge by Survey Participants. All Responses Outliers Removed Minimum 1 1 Maximum 365 50 Average 12.3 7.1 Median 4 4

During what months did you visit Pembina Gorge? (check all that apply) The highest visitation to Pembina Gorge by survey participants (both online and on-site) tended to be between the months of May and September (Figure 7). This generally coincides with the summer season, when many outdoor recreation sites and areas (in particular in areas with defined seasonality) experience an increase in visitation due to favorable weather and summer vacations. Visitation levels tended to be lower through the fall, winter, and spring seasons. ϴϬ͘Ϭй ϲϴ͘ϰй ϳϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘ϲй ϱϳ͘ϵй ϱϳ͘ϵй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϱϲ͘Ϯй ϱϮ͘ϲй ϱϬ͘Ϯй ϰϳ͘ϴй ϱϭ͘Ϯй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϰϳ͘ϰй ϯϴ͘ϰй ϰϬ͘Ϭй Ϯϵ͘ϲй ϯϰ͘Ϯй Ϯϵ͘ϲй Ϯϰ͘ϲй Ϯϯ͘ϳйϮϮ͘Ϯй Ϯϲ͘ϯй ϯϬ͘Ϭй Ϯϭ͘ϭй Ϯϯ͘ϳйϮϯ͘Ϯй Ϯϭ͘ϳй Ϯϭ͘ϭй Ϯϭ͘ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй

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Figure 7. Monthly Visitation to Pembina Gorge by Survey Participants.

Online survey participants were slightly more likely than on-site participants to have visited the Pembina Gorge SRA during most months, though on-site participants did report slightly higher visitation levels in February, May, June, and September (Figure 7). The higher visitation levels in May and June may be due to the timing of the on-site survey (primarily in May and June).

What other regional recreation areas have you visited in the past 12 months? Participants were provided with a list of other regional recreation areas that they may have visited in the past 12 months. Of these regional recreation areas, about a third of survey participants visited Icelandic State Park (Figure 8). Since the Pembina Gorge SRA does not

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  have camping opportunities, Icelandic State Park is a popular camping destination for some visitors to Pembina Gorge. Additionally, Icelandic State Park is connected to Pembina Gorge via the the Rendezvous Region Backcountry Byway that encourages and facilitates travel between the two sites.

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Figure 8. Regional Recreation Area Vistation by Survey Participants.

Only those regional sites that were checked by at least one survey participant are displayed in Figure 8. No participants indicated that they had visited two of the regional sites that were listed on the survey form. These sites include the Juhl and Houghton National Wildlife Management Areas.

What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge? The Pembina Gorge SRA offers a variety of outdoor recreation opportunities throughout the year. Nearly half of the survey participants indicated that they either participate in scenic driving and/or off-highway vehicle (OHV) use at Pembina Gorge (Figure 9). Other popular activities among survey participants include hiking, equestrian use, hunting, snowmobiling, and canoeing/kayaking.

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DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϴ͘ϳй

ƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌLJƐŬŝŝŶŐ ϱ͘Ϭй

^ŶŽǁƐŚŽĞŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϲй

tŝŶƚĞƌŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϴй

'ĞŽĐĂĐŚŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϴй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй

Figure 9. Common Activities at Pembina Gorge Among Survey Participants.

Since survey participants could indicate more than one activity to this question the values in Figure 9 total more than 100 percent. The distribution of responses (no single activity dominates) is indicative of the variety of recreation opportunities at Pembina Gorge, as well as visitor preferences for these different activities (as opposed to just a few).

There were several differences between online and onsite survey participants to the typical activity question. As displayed on Figure 10, a greater number of online participants tended to participate in several activities compared to on-site participants (more than a 5 percent participation difference between the two groups). These activities include: scenic driving, equestrian, hunting, camping, and fishing. Notably, equestrian survey participants only participated via the online survey (i.e., no on-site survey participants reported equestrian use as one of their typical activities at Pembina Gorge). Conversely, on-site participants reported

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϬ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  higher levels of activity participation compared to online participants for the following activities: OHV use, hiking, canoeing/kayaking, mountain biking, and winter mountain biking.

ϱϬ͘Ϯй ^ĐĞŶŝĐĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ϯϰ͘Ϯй

ϰϯ͘ϴй KĨĨͲŚŝŐŚǁĂLJǀĞŚŝĐůĞ;K,sͿƵƐĞ ϲϬ͘ϱй

ϯϮ͘ϱй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶ Ϭ͘Ϭй

ϯϭ͘ϱй ,ŝŬŝŶŐ ϯϲ͘ϴй

Ϯϰ͘ϭй ,ƵŶƚŝŶŐ ϭϱ͘ϴй

ϮϮ͘Ϯй ^ŶŽǁŵŽďŝůŝŶŐ ϭϴ͘ϰй

ϭϵ͘Ϯй ĂŶŽĞŝŶŐͬŬĂLJĂŬŝŶŐ Ϯϴ͘ϵй

ϭϴ͘Ϯй ĂŵƉŝŶŐ ϭϯ͘Ϯй

ϭϯ͘ϴй WŝĐŶŝĐŬŝŶŐ ϭϯ͘Ϯй

ϭϭ͘ϯй ŝƌĚǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ ϭϯ͘Ϯй

ϭϬ͘ϯй &ŝƐŚŝŶŐ Ϯ͘ϲй

ϲ͘ϵй DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϭϴ͘ϰй

ϰ͘ϵй ^ŶŽǁƐŚŽĞŝŶŐ Ϯ͘ϲй

ϰ͘ϵй ƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌLJƐŬŝŝŶŐ ϱ͘ϯй

ϭ͘Ϭй 'ĞŽĐĂĐŚŝŶŐ Ϭ͘Ϭй

Ϭ͘Ϭй tŝŶƚĞƌŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϱ͘ϯй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй

KŶůŝŶĞ KŶƐŝƚĞ

Figure 10. Common Activities at Pembina Gorge Among Online and On-Site Survey Participants.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ 'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹ ZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϭ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  What was/is your primary activity on your last trip/today’s trip to Pembina Gorge? Survey participants were also asked about the primary activity they participated in during their last (for online participants) or current (for on-site participants) visit to Pembina Gorge. Over a third of survey participants indicated that OHV use was their primary activity on their last/current visit to Pembina Gorge (Figure 11). Other primary activities included equestrian use, scenic driving, and hiking. All of these activities are provided and encouraged at Pembina Gorge.

KĨĨͲŚŝŐŚǁĂLJǀĞŚŝĐůĞ;K,sͿƵƐĞ ϯϱ͘ϯй

ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶ ϭϲ͘ϳй

^ĐĞŶŝĐĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ϭϲ͘ϰй

,ŝŬŝŶŐ ϭϮ͘ϯй

KƚŚĞƌ ϰ͘ϱй

,ƵŶƚŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϭй

^ŶŽǁŵŽďŝůŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϵй

ĂŶŽĞŝŶŐͬŬĂLJĂŬŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϵй

ĂŵƉŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϱй

DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϭй

WŝĐŶŝĐŬŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϭй

ŝƌĚǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϭй

'ĞŽĐĂĐŚŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϳй

ƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌLJƐŬŝŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϳй

^ŶŽǁƐŚŽĞŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϰй

&ŝƐŚŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϰй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϱ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϭϱ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй Ϯϱ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϯϱ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй

Figure 11. Primary Activities of Survey Participants at Pembina Gorge.

“Other” responses to this question included adventure racing, downhill/alpine skiing, golf, trail running, star gazing, general enjoyment, and a family gathering.

The top primary activities of online and on-site survey participants were nearly identical. The primary difference between the two subgroups was equestrian use. For online participants, equestrian use was the second most identified primary activity (top five primary activities:

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϮ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  OHV use, equestrian use, scenic driving, hiking, and hunting). For on-site participants, equestrian use was not in the top five most identified primary activities (top five primary activities: OHV use, hiking, scenic driving, other, and mountain biking).

On your last trip/this trip to Pembina Gorge were you/are you alone or with a group? The majority of survey participants (85.3%) visited Pembina Gorge as part of a group (i.e., not alone) (Figure 12).

ϭϰ͘ϳй

ϴϱ͘ϯй

ůŽŶĞ 'ƌŽƵƉ

Figure 12. Solo vs. Group Visits to Pembina Gorge by Survey Participants.

If “with a group,” how many people were/are in your group? Table 2 below lists the minimum, maximum, average, and median group size of survey participants (who indicated they were not along on their last/current visit) to Pembina Gorge. The values in the first column (“All Responses”) were calculated based on all 272 responses to this question. The values in the second column (“Outliers Removed”) were calculated using the same response pool, though exclude the 10 participants who provided responses of 40 or more. Note, the maximum group size (100), as well as several other high values were provided by survey participants who were contacted during a special event (adventure race) at Pembina Gorge SRA.

Table 2. Group Size of Survey Participants. All Responses Outliers Removed Minimum 1 1 Maximum 100 30 Average 8.8 5.9 Median 4 4

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϯ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  On your last trip/this trip to Pembina Gorge did you/are you spend(ing) the night in the area? About one third of survey participants reported spending the night in the area during their last/current visit to Pembina Gorge (Figure 13). Slightly more than a quarter of survey participants indicated that they did not spend the night in the area (i.e., they are day users only). A plurality of survey participants (42 percent) reported being local and thus while they spent the night in the area (likely at their residence), they are day users only at Pembina Gorge. In total, about than two-thirds of survey participants are day users at Pembina Gorge (combined “No” and “No, I’m a local” response categories).

ϯϭ͘ϲй

ϰϮ͘Ϭй

Ϯϲ͘ϰй

EŽ͕/ΖŵĂůŽĐĂů EŽ zĞƐ

Figure 13. Survey Participants who Spend the Night in the Area.

If “Yes” (to spending the night in the area), what type of lodging did you use/are you using? For the third of survey participants who reported spending the night in the area, the majority indicated an “other” response for the type of lodging they used on their last/current trip to Pembina Gorge (Figure 14). The majority of “other” responses included “staying with family” and other camping locations (e.g., dispersed camping, camping on private property, etc.). Nearly a quarter of survey participants (who reported spending the night in the area) indicated they spent the night at a hotel/motel.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϰ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

KƚŚĞƌ ϲϬ͘ϱй

,ŽƚĞůͬŵŽƚĞů Ϯϯ͘ϯй

WƵďůŝĐĐĂŵƉŐƌŽƵŶĚ ϵ͘ϯй

Θ ϰ͘ϳй

ŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĐĂŵƉŐƌŽƵŶĚ Ϯ͘ϯй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй

Figure 14. Overnight Lodging Types of Survey Participants.

Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? A slight majority of survey participants indicated that the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge are adequate to meet their needs (Figure 15).

ϰϴ͘ϳй ϱϭ͘ϯй

zĞƐ EŽ

Figure 15. Adequacy of Recreation Facilities and Amenities at Pembina Gorge.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϱ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  If “No,” why not? Survey participants who indicated that the current recreation facilities and amenities at Pembina Gorge are not adequate to meet their needs were then asked to describe why the facilities and amenities are not adequate. Survey participants’ open-ended, qualitative responses have been summarized and grouped into the categories below (number in parentheses indicates number of responses).

Trail-specific Needs (26) • Larger trail network/more trails (7) • More OHV trails (4) • More hiking trails (4) • Single track dirt bike trails (3) • More non-motorized trails (2) • Biking/mountain biking trails (2) • Groomed crosscountry ski trails (2) • More/improved snowmobile trails (3) • Downhill mountain bike trails (1)

Trail-related Needs (9) • Better trail maintenance (2) • Open trails to other types of vehicles (1) • Designate trails for specific activities (1) • Add a length limit on vehicles (1) • Install guard rails on steep drop offs (1) • Provide wider trails (3)

Camping/Overnight Needs (27) • Campground/camping facilities (24) • Small, primitive camp sites (1) • More overnight facilities (1) • Full service hotel (1)

Equestrian Needs (40) • Camping (14)* • Corrals (11)* • Parking (9) • Improved equestrian trails (5) • Water for horses (1) * Survey participants typically identified both camping and corrals in the same statement of need.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϲ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Information and Education Needs (18) • Better/more signage (8) • More promotion/information about the area (4) • Interpretive/visitor center (4) • Maps (2)

Other Facility/Amenity Needs (23) • Restrooms (3) • Picnic area/sites (3) • Drinking water (2) • Road to Texas Crossing (2) • Improved canoe/kayak put-ins (2) • Better fishing (2) • Zip line (1) • Garbage/trash receptacles (1) • Benches (1) • More scenic views (1) • Disc/Frisbee golf (1) • Mud bog for OHV use (1) • Improve (pave) access roads (1) • Showers (1) • Dam (1)

Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? In addition to the adequacy of facilities and amenities question, survey participants were also asked to identify (from a list) which facilities and amenities they would like to see added to Pembina Gorge. A majority of survey participants indicated that they would like to see a campground added to Pembina Gorge (Figure 16). This is similar to the identified need for both camping and equestrian-specific camping from the previous question. Other desired facilities and amenities included restrooms (47.7 percent), picnic area/sites (43.2 percent), a visitor center (32.8 percent), and several types of trails (OHV trails, 32.8 percent; hiking trails, 30.7 percent; and equestrian trails, 30.3 percent).

Both recent visitors to Pembina Gorge (i.e., those participants who had visited Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months) and other participants (i.e., those participants who had not visited Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months) were both asked about their recreation facility and amenity preferences and needs (see Page 6, Figure 6). “Other participants” were more likely to want several types of recreation facilities and amenities compared to recent visitors (Figure 16). These include: restrooms, hiking trails, equestrian trails, equestrian parking and facilities, showers, wildlife viewing areas, and parking areas. Since these other participants had not been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months, they may be unaware of the current recreation facilities and amenities at the site and/or chose not to visit because the site did not have the types of facilities/amenities they want. EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϳ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

ĂŵƉŐƌŽƵŶĚ ϲϬ͘ϰй ϲϭ͘ϴй ZĞƐƚƌŽŽŵƐ ϲϮ͘ϰй ϰϳ͘ϳй ϯϯ͘ϳй WŝĐŶŝĐĂƌĞĂŽƌƐŝƚĞƐ ϰϯ͘Ϯй ϭϰ͘ϵй sŝƐŝƚŽƌĐĞŶƚĞƌ ϯϮ͘ϴй Ϯϱ͘ϳй K,sƚƌĂŝůƐ ϯϮ͘ϴй ,ŝŬŝŶŐƚƌĂŝůƐ ϯϱ͘ϲй ϯϬ͘ϳй ϭϮ͘ϵй KďƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƚŽǁĞƌ ϯϬ͘ϯй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƚƌĂŝůƐ ϰϰ͘ϲй ϯϬ͘ϯй ϲ͘ϵй ĂďŝŶƐŽƌLJƵƌƚƐ Ϯϳ͘Ϭй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƉĂƌŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚŝĞƐ ϰϮ͘ϲй Ϯϲ͘ϲй ^ŚŽǁĞƌƐ ϯϰ͘ϳй Ϯϲ͘ϭй DƵůƚŝƵƐĞƚƌĂŝůƐ Ϯϱ͘ϳй Ϯϲ͘ϭй ϭϮ͘ϵй K,sŽƉĞŶƌŝĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ;ƉůĂLJĂƌĞĂͿ Ϯϱ͘ϳй ϴ͘ϵй ZŝǀĞƌƉƵƚͲŝŶͬƚĂŬĞͲŽƵƚƐŝƚĞƐ Ϯϰ͘ϵй tŝůĚůŝĨĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ ϯϭ͘ϳй Ϯϰ͘ϭй ϭϬ͘ϵй 'ƌŽƵƉĐĂŵƉŝŶŐ ϮϮ͘ϰй ϲ͘ϵй 'ƌŽƵƉƉŝĐŶŝĐƐŝƚĞ Ϯϭ͘ϲй ϵ͘ϵй DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϴ͘ϯй WĂƌŬŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ Ϯϴ͘ϳй ϭϳ͘ϰй ϭϮ͘ϵй /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚŝǀĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϳ͘ϰй ϳ͘ϵй ŚŝůĚƌĞŶͬLJŽƵƚŚK,sƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϬ͘ϴй Ϯ͘Ϭй ŵƉŚŝƚŚĞĂƚĞƌ ϴ͘ϯй ϱ͘Ϭй K,s^ĂĨĞƚLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ ϳ͘ϱй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй

KƚŚĞƌWĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ZĞĐĞŶƚsŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ

Figure 16. Recreation Facility and Amenity Preferences and Needs.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϴ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  NDPRD charges fees at State Parks and other facilities around the State. These fees help maintain the high quality recreation facilities and amenities that visitors expect from NDPRD-managed sites. Would you be willing to pay a fee (in line with NDPRD fees) to access the recreation opportunities at Pembina Gorge knowing these fees would be used to help manage and maintain the area? In general, a majority of survey participants would be willing to pay a fee to access the recreation opportunities at Pembina Gorge (Figure 17). That said, no attempt was made to establish a specific price point for this willingness (other than acknowledging that any potential future fees at Pembina Gorge would be commensurate with fees at other NDPRD- managed sites).

ϯϬ͘ϰй

ϲϯ͘ϱй ϲ͘Ϯй

zĞƐ EŽ DĂLJďĞ

Figure 17. Willingness to Pay for Access to Pembina Gorge.

Gender of Participants A slight majority of survey participants were women (Figure 18).

ϰϲ͘ϴй ϱϯ͘Ϯй

DĂůĞ &ĞŵĂůĞ

Figure 18. Gender of Survey Participants.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϭϵ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Age of Participants Survey participants tended to be distributed evenly across most age groups (Figure 19). ϭϲ͘Ϭй

ϭϯ͘ϳй ϭϰ͘Ϭй ϭϮ͘ϵй ϭϮ͘ϵй ϭϭ͘ϴй ϭϭ͘ϴй ϭϮ͘Ϭй

ϭϬ͘ϭй ϭϬ͘ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй

ϴ͘Ϭй ϲ͘ϯй ϲ͘Ϭй ϱ͘Ϯй

ϯ͘ϴй ϰ͘Ϭй

Ϯ͘Ϭй ϭ͘ϰй

Ϭ͘Ϭй hŶĚĞƌϭϴ ϭϴͲϮϰ ϮϱͲϮϵ ϯϬͲϯϰ ϯϱͲϯϵ ϰϬͲϰϰ ϰϱͲϰϵ ϱϬͲϱϰ ϱϱͲϱϵ ϲϬͲϲϰ ϲϱĂŶĚ ŽůĚĞƌ

Figure 19. Age Profile of Survey Participants.

What is the Zip (US) or postal (Canada) code of your primary residence? In total, survey participants provided 361 usable Zip and postal codes. Based on these usable Zip and postal codes, the majority of survey participants were from the US (Figure 20).

ϱ͘ϴй

ϵϰ͘Ϯй

h^ ĂŶĂĚĂ

Figure 20. Country of Origin of Survey Participants.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϮϬ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Nearly all Canadian survey participants were from Manitoba (one participant was from New Brunswick). The majority of US survey participants were from North Dakota (Figure 21).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂ ϴϬ͘Ϭй

DŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂ ϭϰ͘ϭй

^ŽƵƚŚĂŬŽƚĂ Ϭ͘ϲй

EĞǁDĞdžŝĐŽ Ϭ͘ϲй

DŽŶƚĂŶĂ Ϭ͘ϲй

DŝĐŚŝŐĂŶ Ϭ͘ϲй

/ůůŝŶŽŝƐ Ϭ͘ϲй

ĂůŝĨŽƌŶŝĂ Ϭ͘ϲй

tŝƐĐŽŶƐŝŶ Ϭ͘ϯй

EĞǁzŽƌŬ Ϭ͘ϯй

EĞďƌĂƐŬĂ Ϭ͘ϯй

EŽƌƚŚĂƌŽůŝŶĂ Ϭ͘ϯй

/ŽǁĂ Ϭ͘ϯй

&ůŽƌŝĚĂ Ϭ͘ϯй

ŽůŽƌĂĚŽ Ϭ͘ϯй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй ϴϬ͘Ϭй ϵϬ͘Ϭй

Figure 21. States of Origin of US Survey Participants.

Slightly less than half of survey participants from North Dakota were from Cavalier, Pembina, or Walsh counties (Figure 22).

ϰϳ͘ϴй ϱϮ͘Ϯй

ĂǀĂůŝĞƌ͕WĞŵďŝŶĂ͕ĂŶĚtĂůƐŚŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ KƚŚĞƌEŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ

Figure 22. Counties of Origin of North Dakota Survey Participants. EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϭ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Please use this space to share any additional ideas you have regarding the future of outdoor recreation at Pembina Gorge? The final question of the survey asked participants for their ideas regarding the future of outdoor recreation at Pembina Gorge. Survey participants’ open-ended, qualitative responses have been summarized and grouped into the categories below (number in parentheses indicates number of responses).

• Trail improvements (46) o expand/add more miles (12) o more OHV trails (8) o more single track (5) o more activity-specific trails – general (4) o more hiking trails (3) o add pullouts for passing (3) o increase enforcement (2) o prevent erosion on trails (1) o limit impact from OHVs (1) o make trails one-way (1) o add more mountain bike trails (2) o add loop trails (1) o add river crossings (1) o add UTV-specific trails (1) o more technical trails (1) • Other (40) o positive comments (19) o general comments (18) o anti-OHV/motorized recreation (3) • Provide equestrian facilities (20) o campground (12) o trails (3) o corrals (3) o parking (1) o water (1) • Add a campground (10) • Add signage (8) • Don’t overdevelop the area (8) • Better promote the area (5) • Provide a visitor center (4) • Provide recreation equipment rentals (4) • Increase access for canoeing/kayaking/tubing on the Pembina River (4) • Add an OHV play area (2) • Add a zipline (2) • Add a children’s playground (2) • Increase access (2)

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϮϮ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Add a lake for fishing and boating (2) • Provide more recreation amenities – general (2) • Provide primitive camping opportunities (2) • Purchase additional lands (2) • Add trail maps (2) • Purchase Frost Fire (1) • Add picnic areas (1) • Add scenic overlooks (1) • Provide parking at scenic overlooks (1) • Make it a State Park (1) • Provide a brochure (1) • Provide lodging (1) • Provide guided tours on trails (1) • Facilitate more OHV racing (1) • Facilitate a 5k mud run (1)

Segmented Results The Pembina Gorge SRA offers a unique landscape in northeastern North Dakota for both area residents and visitors alike. As displayed in the results above, residents and visitors engage in a variety of activities including hiking, canoeing/kayaking, mountain biking, off- highway vehicle (OHV) use, snowmobiling, scenic driving, fishing, hunting, snowmobiling, and other nature-based outdoor pursuits. While the administration of the recreation visitor survey did not specifically target specific subgroups, the completed surveys do allow for some targeted or segmented summary results for specific subgroups. In general, segmentation provides more informative and specific results that can be used to provide greater precision for the strategic framework and actions in the resulting master plan.

The following tables and figures present summarized and segmented results from the recreation visitor survey for select questions.

Locals vs. Visitors For purposes of the Pembina Gorge recreation visitor survey, local survey participants were defined as those coming from Cavalier, Pembina, and Walsh counties. All other survey participants were considered visitors (i.e., non-local). Overall, just over a third of survey participants were local (34.1 percent).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϯ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months? Local survey participants were much more likely to have visited Pembina Gorge within the past 12 months (Figure 23).

ϭϬϬ͘Ϭй

ϵϬ͘Ϭй ϴϳ͘ϳй

ϴϬ͘Ϭй

ϳϬ͘Ϭй

ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘ϲй ϰϵ͘ϰй ϱϬ͘Ϭй

ϰϬ͘Ϭй

ϯϬ͘Ϭй

ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϭϮ͘ϯй ϭϬ͘Ϭй

Ϭ͘Ϭй >ŽĐĂůƐ sŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ

ZĞĐĞŶƚsŝƐŝƚ EŽZĞĐĞŶƚsŝƐŝƚ

Figure 23. Visitation to Pembina Gorge SRA in the Previous 12 Months by Locals and Visitors.

What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge? Locals reported participating in several activities at a higher rate than visitors at Pembina Gorge (Figure 24). Activities with more than a 5 percent difference between locals and visitors include: scenic driving (+27.6 percent), canoeing/kayaking (+15.6 percent), hunting (+11.6 percent), picnicking (+10.6 percent), OHV use (+8.4 percent), and snowmobiling (+5.7 percent).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϰ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

ϲϮ͘ϯй ^ĐĞŶŝĐĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ϯϰ͘ϲй

ϱϬ͘ϵй KĨĨͲŚŝŐŚǁĂLJǀĞŚŝĐůĞ;K,sͿƵƐĞ ϰϮ͘ϱй

ϯϯ͘ϯй ,ŝŬŝŶŐ ϯϭ͘ϱй

Ϯϴ͘ϵй ĂŶŽĞŝŶŐͬŬĂLJĂŬŝŶŐ ϭϯ͘ϰй

Ϯϴ͘ϵй ,ƵŶƚŝŶŐ ϭϳ͘ϯй

Ϯϱ͘ϰй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶ Ϯϵ͘ϭй

Ϯϰ͘ϲй ^ŶŽǁŵŽďŝůŝŶŐ ϭϴ͘ϵй

ϭϵ͘ϯй WŝĐŶŝĐŬŝŶŐ ϴ͘ϳй

ϭϲ͘ϳй ĂŵƉŝŶŐ ϭϴ͘ϭй

ϭϰ͘Ϭй ŝƌĚǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ ϵ͘ϰй

ϭϬ͘ϱй &ŝƐŚŝŶŐ ϳ͘ϵй

ϴ͘ϴй DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϴ͘ϳй

ϱ͘ϯй ^ŶŽǁƐŚŽĞŝŶŐ ϯ͘ϵй

ϱ͘ϯй ƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌLJƐŬŝŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϳй

Ϭ͘ϵй 'ĞŽĐĂĐŚŝŶŐ Ϭ͘ϴй

Ϭ͘Ϭй tŝŶƚĞƌŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϲй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй

>ŽĐĂů EŽŶͲ>ŽĐĂů

Figure 25. Activity Participation Preferences Among Locals and Visitors to Pembina Gorge.

Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? Locals were more likely than visitors to report that the current recreation facilities provided at Pembina Gorge are not adequate to meet their needs (Figure 26). This may be due to higher rates of visitation and greater familiarity with the area by locals compared to visitors.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϱ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

>ŽĐĂůƐ ϰϲ͘ϱй ϱϯ͘ϱй

sŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ ϱϱ͘Ϭй ϰϱ͘Ϭй

Ϭй ϭϬй ϮϬй ϯϬй ϰϬй ϱϬй ϲϬй ϳϬй ϴϬй ϵϬй ϭϬϬй

zĞƐ EŽ

Figure 26. Adequacy of Recreation Facilities and Amenities for Locals and Visitors at Pembina Gorge.

Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? Locals’ and visitors’ preferences for additional recreation facilities and amenities were generally similar (Figure 27). However, there are several facilities/amenities for which there are preference differences between locals and visitors. Locals were more likely (greater than 5 percent difference) than visitors to want the following facilities/amenities: picnic area or sites (+11.3 percent), multiuse trails (10.3 percent), wildlife viewing areas (+7.6 percent), group picnic site (+7.3 percent), and interpretive trails (+5.2 percent). Conversely, visitors were more likely (greater than 5 percent difference) than locals to want the following facilities: campground (+22.4 percent), showers (+11.3 percent), observations tower (+9.2 percent), and OHV trails (+5.6 percent).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϲ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

ĂŵƉŐƌŽƵŶĚ ϳϮ͘ϰй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϯϳ͘ϴй WŝĐŶŝĐĂƌĞĂŽƌƐŝƚĞƐ ϰϵ͘ϭй

ZĞƐƚƌŽŽŵƐ ϰϲ͘ϱй ϰϵ͘ϭй Ϯϭ͘ϯй DƵůƚŝƵƐĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϯϭ͘ϲй ϯϬ͘ϳй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƚƌĂŝůƐ Ϯϵ͘ϴй ϯϭ͘ϱй ,ŝŬŝŶŐƚƌĂŝůƐ Ϯϵ͘ϴй ϯϱ͘ϰй K,sƚƌĂŝůƐ Ϯϵ͘ϴй Ϯϰ͘ϰй sŝƐŝƚŽƌĐĞŶƚĞƌ Ϯϴ͘ϵй ϮϬ͘ϱй tŝůĚůŝĨĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ Ϯϴ͘ϭй Ϯϲ͘ϴй ĂďŝŶƐŽƌLJƵƌƚƐ Ϯϳ͘Ϯй Ϯϯ͘ϲй ZŝǀĞƌƉƵƚͲŝŶͬƚĂŬĞͲŽƵƚƐŝƚĞƐ Ϯϲ͘ϯй Ϯϱ͘Ϯй K,sŽƉĞŶƌŝĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ;ƉůĂLJĂƌĞĂͿ Ϯϲ͘ϯй ϯϰ͘ϲй KďƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƚŽǁĞƌ Ϯϱ͘ϰй ϭϴ͘ϭй 'ƌŽƵƉƉŝĐŶŝĐƐŝƚĞ Ϯϱ͘ϰй

ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƉĂƌŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚŝĞƐ Ϯϴ͘ϯй Ϯϰ͘ϲй ϭϭ͘ϴй WĂƌŬŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ Ϯϯ͘ϳй

'ƌŽƵƉĐĂŵƉŝŶŐ ϮϮ͘ϴй Ϯϭ͘ϵй ϯϭ͘ϱй ^ŚŽǁĞƌƐ ϮϬ͘Ϯй ϭϱ͘Ϭй /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚŝǀĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϮϬ͘Ϯй

DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϴ͘ϭй ϭϴ͘ϰй ϴ͘ϳй ŚŝůĚƌĞŶͬLJŽƵƚŚK,sƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϯ͘Ϯй ϳ͘ϭй ŵƉŚŝƚŚĞĂƚĞƌ ϵ͘ϲй ϴ͘ϳй K,s^ĂĨĞƚLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ ϲ͘ϭй

Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй ϴϬ͘Ϭй

sŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ >ŽĐĂůƐ

Figure 27. Recreation Facility and Amenity Preferences and Needs (Locals and Visitors).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϳ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Activity Subgroups For purposes of the Pembina Gorge recreation visitor survey, survey participants were grouped into three broad user types based on their primary activities (see Page 11, Figure 11). These three broad user types include motorized, non-motorized, and equestrian users (further segmenting by activity type was generally not possible due to small subpopulation sizes). As displayed in Figure 28, the largest activity-based subgroup was motorized users.

ϭϵ͘ϰй

ϱϭ͘ϯй

Ϯϵ͘ϯй

DŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚ EŽŶͲDŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚ ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶ

Figure 28. Percent of Survey Participants per Activity Subgroup.

Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? Equestrian users were the most likely subgroup to indicate that the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge are not adequate to meet their needs (Figure 29). Motorized users on the other hand were most likely to indicate that the current recreation facilities and amenities are adequate.

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϴ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

DŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚhƐĞƌƐ ϲϴ͘ϭй ϯϭ͘ϵй

EŽŶͲDŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚhƐĞƌƐ ϰϭ͘ϵй ϱϴ͘ϭй

ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶhƐĞƌƐ ϭϭ͘ϰй ϴϴ͘ϲй

Ϭй ϭϬй ϮϬй ϯϬй ϰϬй ϱϬй ϲϬй ϳϬй ϴϬй ϵϬй ϭϬϬй

zĞƐ EŽ

Figure 29. Adequacy of Recreation Facilities and Amenities for Activity-Specific Subgroups.

Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? Activity subgroup preferences for additional recreation facilities and amenities were generally similar, in particular for facilities that would serve all types of recreation users (Figure 30). That said, the activity subgroups did each have specific facility/amenity preferences. The top five facility/amenity needs by activity subgroup are listed in Table 3.

Table 3. Top Five Facility/Amenity Needs by Activity Subgroup. Motorized Users Non-Motorized Users Equestrian Users Campground (62.2 percent) Campground (60.3 percent) Equestrian Trails (88.9 percent) OHV Trails (49.6 percent) Hiking Trails (52.9 percent) Equestrian Parking and Facilities Restrooms (46.2 percent) Picnic Area/Sites (50 percent) (88.9 percent) Picnic Areas/Sites (44.5 percent) Restrooms (48.5 percent) Campground (68.9 percent) OHV Open Riding Area (39.5 River Put-in/Take-out Sites (44.1 Restrooms (60 percent) percent) percent) Showers (44.4 percent)

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> Ϯϵ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz 

ϲϮ͘Ϯй ĂŵƉŐƌŽƵŶĚ ϲϬ͘ϯй ϲϴ͘ϵй K,sƚƌĂŝůƐ ϰϵ͘ϲй ϲ͘ϳй Ϯϱ͘Ϭй ϰϲ͘Ϯй ZĞƐƚƌŽŽŵƐ ϰϴ͘ϱй ϲϬ͘Ϭй WŝĐŶŝĐĂƌĞĂŽƌƐŝƚĞƐ ϰϰ͘ϱй ϯϱ͘ϲй ϱϬ͘Ϭй K,sŽƉĞŶƌŝĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ;ƉůĂLJĂƌĞĂͿ ϯϵ͘ϱй ϲ͘ϳй ϭϳ͘ϲй KďƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƚŽǁĞƌ ϯϮ͘ϴй ϭϯ͘ϯй ϯϵ͘ϳй ,ŝŬŝŶŐƚƌĂŝůƐ Ϯϵ͘ϰй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϱϮ͘ϵй ĂďŝŶƐŽƌLJƵƌƚƐ Ϯϲ͘ϵй ϭϭ͘ϭй ϯϵ͘ϳй tŝůĚůŝĨĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ Ϯϰ͘ϰй ϴ͘ϵй ϯϱ͘ϯй sŝƐŝƚŽƌĐĞŶƚĞƌ Ϯϯ͘ϱй ϴ͘ϵй ϰϮ͘ϲй ϮϮ͘ϳй ^ŚŽǁĞƌƐ Ϯϯ͘ϱй ϰϰ͘ϰй DƵůƚŝƵƐĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϮϮ͘ϳй Ϯϰ͘ϰй ϯϱ͘ϯй ZŝǀĞƌƉƵƚͲŝŶͬƚĂŬĞͲŽƵƚƐŝƚĞƐ Ϯϭ͘ϴй ϲ͘ϳй ϰϰ͘ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϯй 'ƌŽƵƉƉŝĐŶŝĐƐŝƚĞ ϮϮ͘ϭйϮϲ͘ϳй ϭϵ͘ϯй 'ƌŽƵƉĐĂŵƉŝŶŐ Ϯϱ͘Ϭй ϯϭ͘ϭй DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶďŝŬĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϴ͘ϱй Ϭ͘Ϭй ϯϮ͘ϰй WĂƌŬŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐ ϭϳ͘ϲй ϭϯ͘ϯй ϮϮ͘ϭй ŚŝůĚƌĞŶͬLJŽƵƚŚK,sƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϱ͘ϭй ϰ͘ϰйϴ͘ϴй /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚŝǀĞƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϯ͘ϰй ϰ͘ϰй ϯϮ͘ϰй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƚƌĂŝůƐ ϭϬ͘ϵй Ϯϵ͘ϰй ϴϴ͘ϵй ϴ͘ϴй K,s^ĂĨĞƚLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘ϭй ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƉĂƌŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚŝĞƐ ϳ͘ϲй ϮϬ͘ϲй ϴϴ͘ϵй ŵƉŚŝƚŚĞĂƚĞƌ ϲ͘ϳй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϭϰ͘ϳй Ϭ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͘Ϭй ϮϬ͘Ϭй ϯϬ͘Ϭй ϰϬ͘Ϭй ϱϬ͘Ϭй ϲϬ͘Ϭй ϳϬ͘Ϭй ϴϬ͘Ϭй ϵϬ͘Ϭй ϭϬϬ͘Ϭй

DŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚ EŽŶͲDŽƚŽƌŝnjĞĚ ƋƵĞƐƚƌŝĂŶ

Figure 30. Recreation Facility and Amenity Preferences and Needs (Activity Subgroups).

EŽƌƚŚĂŬŽƚĂWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐƌĞĂƚŝŽŶͲ'ƌĞĂƚKƵƚĚŽŽƌƐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐʹZĞĚĂŶŽĞ͕>> ϯϬ 

Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  REFERENCES

North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department (NDPRD). 2011. North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department Off-Highway Vehicle Program 2012-2016 Strategic Plan and Research Study. Bismarck, ND.

NDPRD. 2012. 2013-2017 North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan. Bismarck, ND.

NDPRD. 2012. 2013-2017 North Dakota State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan Recreational Trail Needs. Bismarck, ND.

NDPRD and Snowmobile North Dakota. 2012. North Dakota Snowmobile Program Strategic Plan 2013-2017. Bismarck, ND.

Statistics Canada. 2013. Canadian Internet use survey, households with access to the Internet at home, Canada, provinces, and census metropolitan areas. Accessed April 21, 2014. Available at URL: http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?id=3580171&retrLang=eng&lang=eng

United States Census Bureau. 2012. Reported Internet Usage for Individuals 3 Years and Older, by State: 2012. Accessed April 21, 2014. Available at URL: http://www.census.gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012.html

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Appendix 1. Public Recreation Survey Questions This appendix includes the questions that were used for the online and on-site versions of the Pembina Gorge SRA Master Plan Public Recreation Survey.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Online Survey Questions The online survey included automatic skip logic; that is, the online survey software automatically advanced a participant to the appropriate question based on their response to a previous question. Numbering and “go to” instructions are provided below for clarity.

Q1. Have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months? • Yes (go to Q2) • No (go to Q2.N1)

Q2.N1. If NO, are you familiar with Pembina Gorge and its recreation opportunities? • Yes • No

Q2.N2. How likely are you to visit Pembina Gorge in the next 12 months? • Definitely • Highly likely (about a 75% chance) • Likely (about a 50% chance) • Somewhat likely (about a 25% chance) • Definitely not

Q2.N3. If NDPRD could do one thing at Pembina Gorge to encourage your visit, what would it be? • Open-ended

Q2.N4. What activities do you typically participate in at any outdoor recreation area/site? (check all that apply) • Hiking • Scenic driving • Canoeing/kayaking • Crosscountry skiing • Equestrian • Fishing • Bird watching • Hunting • Picnicking • Camping • Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use • Snowshoeing • Snowmobiling • Geocaching • Mountain biking • Other (please specify) • Winter mountain biking

Q2.N5. When choosing an outdoor recreation area or site, what facilities or amenities are important in your decision? (check all that apply) • Visitor center • Equestrian trails • Campground • Interpretive trails • Group camping • Parking areas • Cabins or yurts • Equestrian parking and facilities • Amphitheater • Restrooms

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Multiuse trails • Showers • OHV trails • Picnic area or sites • OHV open riding area (play area) • Group picnic site • OHV safety training area • River put-in/take-out sites • Children/youth OHV trails • Observation tower • Hiking trails • Wildlife viewing areas • Mountain bike trails • Other (please specify)

Q2. If YES, about how many times? • Open-ended

Q3. During what months did you visit Pembina Gorge? (check all that apply) • January • July • February • August • March • September • April • October • May • November • June • December

Q4. What other regional recreation areas have you visited in the past 12 months? • Icelandic State Park (US) • Pembina Hills State Game Management Area (US) • Lake Bronson State Park (US) • Houghton National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Juhl National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Pembina Prairie National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Tetrault Woods State Forest (US) • Pembina Valley Provincial Park (Canada) • Spruce Woods Provincial Park (Canada) • Other (please specify)

Q5. What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge? • Hiking • Scenic driving • Canoeing/kayaking • Crosscountry skiing • Equestrian • Fishing • Bird watching • Hunting • Picnicking • Camping • Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use • Snowshoeing • Snowmobiling • Geocaching • Mountain biking • Other (please specify) • Winter mountain biking

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Q6. During your last trip to Pembina Gorge, what was your primary activity? • Hiking • Scenic driving • Canoeing/kayaking • Crosscountry skiing • Equestrian • Fishing • Bird watching • Hunting • Picnicking • Camping • Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use • Snowshoeing • Snowmobiling • Geocaching • Mountain biking • Other (please specify) • Winter mountain biking

Q7. Think about your last trip to Pembina Gorge, were you alone or with a group? • Alone (go to Q8) • With a group (go to Q7.G1)

Q7.G1. If WITH A GROUP, how many people were in your group? • Open-ended

Q8. On your last trip to Pembina Gorge, did you spend the night in the area? • No, I’m a local (go to Q9) • No (go to Q9) • Yes (go to Q8.Y1)

Q8.Y1. If YES, what type of lodging did you use? • Hotel/motel • B&B • Commercial campground • Public campground • Other (please specify)

Q9. Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? • Yes (go to Q10) • No (go to Q9.N1)

Q9.N1. If NO, why not? • Open-ended

Q10. Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? • Visitor center • Equestrian trails • Campground • Interpretive trails • Group camping • Parking areas

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Cabins or yurts • Equestrian parking and facilities • Amphitheater • Restrooms • Multiuse trails • Showers • OHV trails • Picnic area or sites • OHV open riding area (play area) • Group picnic site • OHV safety training area • River put-in/take-out sites • Children/youth OHV trails • Observation tower • Hiking trails • Wildlife viewing areas • Mountain bike trails • Other (please specify)

Q11. NDPRD charges fees at State Parks and other facilities around the State. These fees help maintain the high quality recreation facilities and amenities that visitors expect from NDPRD-managed sites. Would you be willing to pay a fee (in line with NDPRD fees) to access the recreation opportunities at Pembina Gorge knowing these fees would be used to help manage and maintain the area? • Yes • No • Maybe

Q12. What is your gender? • Male • Female

Q13. What is your age? • Under 18 • 18 – 24 • 25 – 29 • 30 – 34 • 35 – 39 • 30 – 44 • 45 – 49 • 50 – 54 • 55 – 59 • 60 – 64 • 65 and over

Q14 What is the Zip (US) or postal (Canada) code of your primary residence? • Open-ended

Q15. Please use this space to share any additional ideas you have regarding the future of outdoor recreation at Pembina Gorge. • Open-ended

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  On-site Survey Questions

Q1. Other than today, have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months? • Yes • No (go to Q5)

Q2. If YES, about how many times have you been to Pembina Gorge in the previous 12 months? • Open-ended

Q3. During what months did you visit Pembina Gorge? (check all that apply) • January • July • February • August • March • September • April • October • May • November • June • December

Q4. What activities do you typically participate in at Pembina Gorge? • Hiking • Scenic driving • Canoeing/kayaking • Crosscountry skiing • Equestrian • Fishing • Bird watching • Hunting • Picnicking • Camping • Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use • Snowshoeing • Snowmobiling • Geocaching • Mountain biking • Other (please specify) • Winter mountain biking

Q4. What other regional recreation areas have you visited in the past 12 months? • Icelandic State Park (US) • Pembina Hills State Game Management Area (US) • Lake Bronson State Park (US) • Houghton National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Juhl National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Pembina Prairie National Wildlife Management Area (US) • Tetrault Woods State Forest (US) • Pembina Valley Provincial Park (Canada) • Spruce Woods Provincial Park (Canada) • Other (please specify)

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Q6. What is your primary activity on today’s trip to Pembina Gorge? • Hiking • Scenic driving • Canoeing/kayaking • Crosscountry skiing • Equestrian • Fishing • Bird watching • Hunting • Picnicking • Camping • Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use • Snowshoeing • Snowmobiling • Geocaching • Mountain biking • Other (please specify) • Winter mountain biking

Q7. On this trip to Pembina Gorge are you alone or with a group? • Alone (go to Q9) • With a group

Q8. If WITH A GROUP, how many people are in your group? • Open-ended

Q9. On this trip to Pembina Gorge are you spending the night in the area? • No, I’m a local (go to Q11) • No (go to Q11) • Yes

Q10. If YES, what type of lodging are you using? • Hotel/motel • B&B • Commercial campground • Public campground • Other (please specify)

Q11. Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? • Yes (go to Q13) • No

Q12. If NO, why not? • Open-ended

Q13. Of the facilities and amenities listed below, which would you like to see added to Pembina Gorge? • Visitor center • Equestrian trails • Campground • Interpretive trails • Group camping • Parking areas

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Cabins or yurts • Equestrian parking and facilities • Amphitheater • Restrooms • Multiuse trails • Showers • OHV trails • Picnic area or sites • OHV open riding area (play area) • Group picnic site • OHV safety training area • River put-in/take-out sites • Children/youth OHV trails • Observation tower • Hiking trails • Wildlife viewing areas • Mountain bike trails • Other (please specify)

Q14. NDPRD charges fees at State Parks and other facilities around the State. These fees help maintain the high quality recreation facilities and amenities that visitors expect from NDPRD-managed sites. Would you be willing to pay a fee (in line with NDPRD fees) to access the recreation opportunities at Pembina Gorge knowing these fees would be used to help manage and maintain the area? • Yes • No • Maybe

Q15. What is your gender? • Male • Female

Q16. What is your age? • Under 18 • 18 – 24 • 25 – 29 • 30 – 34 • 35 – 39 • 30 – 44 • 45 – 49 • 50 – 54 • 55 – 59 • 60 – 64 • 65 and over

Q17 What is the Zip (US) or postal (Canada) code of your primary residence? • Open-ended

Q18. Please use this space to share any additional ideas you have regarding the future of outdoor recreation at Pembina Gorge. • Open-ended

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Appendix 2. Verbatim Responses to Open-Ended Survey Questions This appendix includes the verbatim (non-summarized) responses to the open-ended questions in the public recreation survey. All responses were copied directly from the survey forms and have not been edited.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  If NDPRD could do one thing at Pembina Gorge to encourage your visit, what would it be? • 1. Allow 64" wide Side by Sides on trails. You allow up to 60" but a huge number of the current production SxS's are 64" 2. Longer OHV trail system. Even if additional trails are easy it still makes it so much more appealing. • Add horse staging area & camping • Add horse trails • advertise it more • allow 2 people to rid on one four-wheeler ATV • Allow camping with horses! • ATV/ Four Wheeler Trail System I've been there many times on a snowmobile but got out of the sport to get an ATV. • camping areas with corrals for horses. • Create a horse camp and extend the trail system • Create a place for motor homes, I travel in an RV. • Create a State Park with trails, restrooms, and information. • Create roomy camper pad sites, similar to Lake Sakakawea State Park, with paved walking & biking trails. I have been to the Pembina Gorge a few years ago deer hunting. we did not do well hunting, as we did not know the area, and did not have private land to hunt. I was very impressed with the spectacular beauty of the area, and would very much like to do a camp trip with our 5th wheel camper. we would love to have water & electric, and access to a park dump station. • Equestrian campground • Equine camping facilities • Facilitate more primitive camping opportunities within the recreation area and non motorized recreational opportunities. By that I mean narrow, shorter trail loops than the ohv trail with good maps and signage. • Get rid of ATVs • Have a campground with hook ups on site. • Have a place for people to bring their horses for camping and to park trailers with electrical and water hookups. • Have a place to set up camp for horse camping. We have a big rig and a couple horses. • Have corrals for "horse" campers. • Have horse trails and overnight camping . • Hiking • Horse back • Horse camp • Horse camping. We have horses and love to go riding and enjoy the wilderness. • Horse facilities with electric hook ups • Horse trails. • Horse trails. I would love to visit with my horse. I hears rumor of some already existing trails but am unable to find much info on them.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • I-29 advertising • Kayak trail • Keep it in its natural state-don't ruin it like Medora • Keep it open for horses. • Maintain good horse trails! • Make horse camping available • Make horse facilities would do it for me • Make it a state park • Make it available for Horse Driving wagons as well as Horse Riding/with rustic campgrounds Picnic areas/Scenic look outs/hiking trails/monitored by DNR • Make it more horse travel friendly. I travel with my horses on vacation and do alot of trail riding in the areas. • more ATV trails • More ATV trails in the area. • More Atv trails. • More hiking and mt biking trails. • More OHV trails!!! • Motorcycle oriented • Not sure • Nothing, it is on my travel plans. Money is the big problem right now, otherwise I would be there right now. • Offer ATV/SxS rentals! • Overnight camping and horse corals • Places to camp with my horses. • Premium ATV Trails • Provide facilities for horses to be kept for overnight trail rides. • Publish a trail map • Put in a horse campground. • RV Campground (I own a motorhome) • Send me updated lists of events and activities • Show more about UTV trails, maps, places to go ect... on web. • Sight see & hike • staging area for horses, camping area with pens for horses • There are no camping facilities and I live in the western part of the state so it is too far to drive to go horsebackriding without having a place to stay. It would also be awesome if their were horse facilities like a few corrals for overnights too. • Updated trail conditions and when it's open • would definitely go if there was overnight horse facilities availabe for camping with horses.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  Are the current recreation facilities and amenities provided at Pembina Gorge adequate to meet your needs? If “No,” why not? • A nice camping area would be nice • are area to corral horses and plug in my trailer would be great. We could stay and ride longer and it would be easier. • Available drinking water • Campground. Picnic area. Interpretive Center. • Camping. Visitor center. Better signage for trailhead better signage from Walhalla to the trailhead scenic byway • could be more atv trails • Could use more directions and signs. • Could use more walking trails and road to Texas Crossing • greater/easier access to water and trails... and it would be AWESOME to take my horse and be able to stay all day/overnight...but there isn't adequate parking or corrals, etc, to facilitate this! Makes it hard to invite a group up to enjoy the Gorge! • Having equestrian facilities would enable be to go more often then just the scheduled big rides. • I am a horseback rider and find the parking inadequate. Love the trail but needs to be widened and have some turn around places. • I am in driving distance but I would like to ride horse and stay over night there • I believe there could be more done to attract not only locals, but also many other people to this beautiful area. As it is now, without knowing the area, or going with someone who does, one cannot see and do many of the things that can be done in the area. • I personally would like to see more single track dirt bike trails. Maybe a better campground. • i think the roads need improving...county road 55 should be paved all the way through the gorge and the gravel roads could use some work...widening and smoothed out a bit. river access is very limited. some shoreline should be accessible for tourists with tubing, rafting, canoeing, kayaking available...and concessions would be nice, also. • I want to see overnight stabling available with corrals, Showers for humans would be nice. Also make a camping area available with plug ins for living quarters trailers. • I would enjoy a lake in this area as well as the wilderness. • I would like to camp out and have a safe place for my horse to stay at night • I would like to see a brochure in relation to the geology of the Pembina gorge • I Would Like To See A Larger Trail network, And Better Advertised Rentals And accomedations • I would like to see a place to camp with panels/horses and also have non motorized vehicle trails. • I would like to see hiking trails such as those at Icelandic State Park, a camping ground such as Icelandic State Park, good cross country ski trails, • I would like to see more legal atv trails

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • I would like to see more miles of ohv trails. To few for the trip out there. • I would like to see trails opened for off highway motorcycles as well as the ATV/UTV trails. • I would love to see a visitors center • I would love to see a Zip Line • I'd like to see a single track trail to be developed, also would like to see our moonlighter snowmobile club trail to be improved and lenghted. (moonlighters club I believe is the oldest club in ND) • If no? I think it's supposed to read lol. Hauling panels to overnight large groups of horses is a lot of work. Also drinking water for them. Very difficult to find room to camp with a horse trailer, let alone many horse trailers. • I'm unaware of what is there. • Improve equestrian trails and facilities especially to allow overnight camping facilities for equestrian trail events • It was difficult to get the canoes into the water. More signage. Some primitive small campsite, would be great. • It would be nice if there were more designated hiking or biking trails. Trails with signs marking the paths that are easy to get to from parking locations. Picnic shelters, garbages, benches, restrooms facilities, etc. along trails or at the beginning and end of hiking trails would be a very nice amenity to. Having these options would make it much more likely to bring our children with us. • It would be nice to have an equestrian park with corrals and outlets for camping • It would be nice to have corrals and a camping area. • It would be nice to have more to do there. Like horseback riding areas. • Lack of facilities - 24/7 Most of the area closes at dusk or 9 pm. 2 hour drive is easier • limited horse trailer parking • Love to see more mountain bike trails. • Maps, more trails, etc • More access for equestrian would be amazing. If Tetrault could be opened for equestrian as it was many years ago it would be ideal! • More camping facilities would be great! • More horse trails, corrals, and camping areas • More RV camping would be nice do to the volume at Icelandic State Park. • More signs and map information • More trails, more restroom facilities, signage. The area is worth a state park. • Mostly,due to the fact i would like to have a place to camp for a couple of days and not trailer home all the time! We enjoy camping with our horses, friends and family... • Need a campground • Need a place to put horse trailers/campers when bringing horses, and corrals would be nice • need campground

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Need corrals for horses • Need groomed cross country ski trails. • Need more atv trails, better upkeep, and a way to work with land owners to keep private trails open. We need trails for all types of activities for example, atv/motorcycle trails as well as some for jeep sized vehicles, along with hiking and horse trails. There is more than enough opportunity to keep trails available for all types of vehicles/ foot traffic. This way the trails that were established and listed for a specific use can be kept up and people can use the trails that best suit them, without destroying ones not meant for the specific traffic. • Need more equestrian friendly areas. • Need more horse friendly • Need more off road stuff instead of making our own trails • need places to park a horse trailer, put up a temp corral and , overnight horse camping • Need signs to point where you're going. • Need water. Picnic area. Full service hotel. 18 holes of golf. • need, corral for Horses, electricity, cabins would be ideal • Needs a DAM...for water sports; and better fishing • Needs camping, electric, corrals for horses. • Needs dedicated trail for the various sports. Xcountry skis don't mix with snow machines, etc. need more facilities to use as a base for activities. Better fishing opportunities would make it less likely that I would spend my money in MN or MB. How about a trout stream or lake? • Never thought about staying there. • No convenient camping or sufficient trailer parking spots for equestrian activities • No equestrian camping. You have the most beautiful place in the area to ride, you should have an equestrian camp site. People would come. You should model it after Sheyenne Oaks horse camp, http://www.sheyenneoaks.com/ • No where to park my horse trailer with living quarters to camp in and no place to pen or put up temporary pens to safely keep horses overnight. This beautiful area is cheating itself of income from many horse people who would frequently enjoy riding and camping in the pembina gorge. • Not enough trails • Our ranger crew was to long for the trails should have a length limit and guard rails on some of the steep drop offs would be nice • Restrooms • Signage is not good • Some camping facilities would be nice. • The gorge needs equestrian trails and more for equestrians • The Pembina Gorge needs more trailer parking for atv/equestrian use. Campsites in the area are limited. • The trails were too narrow and made it difficult to pass ATV's while on the horses.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • There are lots of areas to drive through, but it's hard to get to some areas that offer the best scenery. • There are no down hill mountain bike trails that us younger adults and teens are wanting. • There is no where to camp with horses. • There needs to be more trails open to dirt bikes, personal owned land limits riding and access to other trails. • There needs to be much more non-motorized trail. We hiked the new hike/bike route but it was under 2 miles. Great views, we will be back there to ride bikes when our son is old enough. Wish there were more bike trail that ATV users can't get onto. • There should be a world-class environmental learning center in the Gorge with exhibits, field trips, programs, etc, on tons of wildlife topics, the ancient mounds and Paleo-Indians that are / were in the area, anything to do with Glacial Lake Agassiz. Tons of programs on birds, star-gazing, animal tracking, archaeological research, ancient people, hiking, botany, etc, could be developed at this kind of a nature / wildlife research center. • They needs to be more snowmobiles trails through the gorge. It the best riding in the state! • to restraint • too many ruts • Trails are not wide enough for our RZR. • Want a mud bog • We enjoy horseback riding in the Gorge and often would like to camp for the weekend or just overnight, but there are no facilities(corrals & water) for our horses or for our large trailers to park. • we had to us private land, due to no public area available to camp with the horses and the not all the trails are set up for horses • We have a 36 foot toy hauler that takes a large camping spot by the park rangers got permission for us to use the atv unloading area for the night. Special thanks to Michael, Travis and rest of the staff for their excellent service to us. Hats off to this crew. • We need a place to corral the horses and park so we can camp and stay overnight. • We need more snowmobile trails. • Would be nice if there was a camp site set up to overnight with horses. (Correls) • Would be nice to have an area to park horse trailers and set up corrals rather than just tying them to the trailer and taking up a bunch of space in the gravel parking lot • Would be nice to have more recreational area for camping and access areas for hunting • Would go there more often if had a place to camp with horses • Would like a camp ground! • Would like better road to Texas Crossing

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Would like more trails for horse use. • Would like more trails... • Would like to bring our 4-wheelers, but unsure of the trail system and other requirements to ride 4-wheelers. • Would like to hike and camp as well as other activities. You can go down the river one day on a canoe, it would be nice to do someting else the next day - maybe disc golf/frisbee golf. something besides just hiking • Would like to see camping closer. Would have rode the trails more if camping was closer than Icelandic State Park. Lots of work to load and unload atv's plus the 30 mile drive one way. • Would like to see trailer parking for horses. Maybe corrals, tether lines, a manure dump site, etc. • Would love to see some equestrian-friendly camp sites. Possibly holding corrals, water, plug in's for camper/trailers. I think it would see lots of use through-out the summer as several groups in the state would use it for "annual" trail rides and special events.

Please use this space to share any additional ideas you have regarding the future of outdoor recreation at Pembina Gorge? • 5 k mud run would be awesome • a small play ground area for smaller children! • A zip line would be fun. • Add a visitor center that offers a good overview of the recreation area, state forest, wma's, historic sites and scenic byway to provide a multi disciplined overview of why this area is significant touching on the paleontological, geological and natural features of the immediate area, which led to the early settlement of this region of ND. Keep up the good work in providing managed recreational opportunities in this unique area. • Add some pull outs so people can pass along the trail Add signage and trail maps • An the area of ATV specific climbing jumping racing and maybe a mud area. We also need a hose down area when finished. • Anything to promote tubing and kayaking on the Pembina river would be nice. I also prefer hiking and easy mountain biking trails to be developed as well as parking areas for these activities. • Beautiful area that could be home to one of the nicest state parks around. There will always be some that are not on board, need to move forward with a big plan. The state should purchase frostfire and some surrounding land, with the intent to open a state park. The state of North Dakota is financially able to do this at this time. In the near term I think some restrooms at various locations would be an immediate improvement, that would improve peoples experiences in the gorge. • Beautiful area. Need to add pull-off or passing areas on the trails every 1/4 mile or so in the really tight areas. Also so picnic tables or parking areas at some of the scenic overlooks would be great.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Better marking to trailhead. Granular topping on trail to prevent erosion. Trail is great. Thank you. • By making the river more easily accessible more people may go tubing, kayaking etc. It's a really popular thing to do. • Campground might make it very popular • Don't close it. I want to come back. • Don't hear much about Pembina Gorge (what it is, what it offers, what I can expect when I get there). Also what it's near (town). • Don't Muck It Up!!! • don't overdo the development of the gorge, it's primitiveness is what makes it beautifull. I have personally probably spent as much time as anyone in the area going to the gorge, starting when I was a very young child • Enjoyed the walk I knew they were developing years ago like 1984 and have a aunt that still lives in walhalla so thought I'd check it out ,enjoyed the day not sure many know of this place or not, it was beautiful and fun enjoyed hiking • Expand the trail system • facilities to camp and ride would be great. • From what I have heard there needs to be more miles of trails . But I guess that is what the master plan is all about? So you get two thumbs up from keep up the good work! • Great trail. More trails maybe. • Growing up in Walhalla, I am excited about this possibility, but cautious at the same time. The area desperately needs the economic boost, but you need to involve the local residents to make sure you're all on the same page and get their buy in (think summer jobs for their kids, part-time work for retired people, planned activities (not just thrown together a month before). Maybe have the owners of the local business share the impact tourism has on their livelihoods (present actual #s) I would also hate to see it turn into a Sommerset, WI or something like the Ottertail Tubing thing where bad press about partying is all you hear about. Promotion for activities and the area in general has been lacking for several years - I hear from my family they didn't even realize "events" were taking place near Walhalla (this past weekend's Enduro-Race) until the week of. This should be promoted not only to people in Grand Forks, but locals as well (that poor newspaper could use some news in it besides obituaries). Quite honestly if I had not seen a post on Facebook last year AFTER the event I never would have even known that event existed. In Fargo - I NEVER see any promotion of the Gorge - which is a shame. Of course I think the tourism dept. shares some responsibility there - they seem to promote Medora endlessly... Best of luck to this group - I hope for the best outcome that makes everyone happy and people learn to treasure the Gorge as much as those of us who have known it our whole lives. • Guided tour on the trail to publicize the facilities available • Had a great time! Trails were awesome on a dirt bike! • Have camped at the Tamarac state forest in MN and love their facilities. horse camp sites, pits, tables, places to tie horses, separated horse trails from the atvs.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • Have to see what's here first. • Having a brochure with pictures of plants and weeds for everyone to search for as some education. • Having more single track trail. Also improving the snowmobile trail • Hopefully the rec area can accommodate all types of people, 4x4, sidebysides, bikes, hikers, ect.... With the amount of land out there it would be easy to have specific trails for specific adventurers. Bikes, walkers, or 4 wheelers. Use the already established trails for everyone with the option to go off on a trail specific to your needs. What we've got going on out there is already awesome and will only get better I'm sure. Thank you • Horse camp. Outside stalls campsite across from your horse so multiple stalls around camp site. Hookups • Horse Corrals • I am very encouraged to see the addition of the UTV trails but i have not seen much about them such as pictures maps ect...This is a welcome addition as our family land has seen an improvement from atv's and utv's trespassing has went down since this trail has started. They need a place to go and if there isnt.. they find a place. thank you • I am very much looking forward to future recreation opportunities in the Pembina Gorge. • I feel there are just not enough amenities in the area, such as: boat/kayak/canoe rental, tube rentals, more parking with easier access points, more signage of what available in the hills, restrooms, history centers, lodging is a big concern, maybe a small campground with electrical and maybe water source, the city of walhalla doesnt offer much for people looking to use the gorge. Besides the ski area, there isnt a lot of places where people can interact with each other in the gorge. The Des Lacs refuge is a prime example of there being an interpretive center in an area with way less to offer than the pembina gorge. • I feel this area could be a prime visitor attraction for our area. Having lived in Walhalla for 23 years with my horses, there is a huge demand for trails and parking areas, as a lot of people inquire about our area to ride at annually. Also the need to advertise these areas publically so the word gets out. Hope to see some great changes at the Gorge! Thanks for all your efforts and hard work! • I grew up going to the hills often this land means so much to the people there!! • I grew up here and Im happy to see this area being use and well taken care of. • I have enjoyed the the Pembina Gorge area on snowmobile for years and would love more reason to do so in my Side By Side. • I have live in walhalla all my life and love the gorge and enjoying doing all outdoor activities with my family but when I think about paying a fee for things I've have enjoyed for 18 years at no cost would make me cut back on what I do • I have many friends that go horseback riding in the Pembina Hills several times a year. We often go as groups obtaining permission from Private Land owners, howver it would be better if there were established trails, and camping areas. Most

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  of the rides I am involved in have anywhere from 30-75 Horseback riders. Occaissionally smaller groups. • I just love that you are working to keep this area beautiful and serene. • I know several people who would like to ride horses in the Pembina Gorge but they need horse friendly camping facilities or secure stables for their horses because of how far they would travel to get here, they would need a place for themselves and their horses to stay overnight. • I look forward to visiting. • I ride horse all over North Dakota and Minnesota, and hands down, the Pembina Gorge is my favorite place to ride. Even better than western North Dakota. If you had an equestrian campground, people would come from all over to ride there. My friends and I frequently visit Sheyenne Oaks horse camp in Leonard, North Dakota. The trails aren't anything special, but the facilities are fantastic. • I think using ATVs should be closely monitored as much destruction is being done by the increased use of these machines. A primary moderately sized camping site would be great not only for tents but also larger campers for recreational use in the fall for hunting opportunities. Also secondary more primitive areas for tents would also be great This will be a difficult request, but I don't think it is in the state's interest to develop this area and have it filled with Canadian traffic at all time. Preference should be given to North Dakota residents in the utilization of this area as that will be who is responsible for the funding of this area. • I think we have an amazing opportunity here in the Pembina Gorge & we have many horse riders that love to come and ride up here, but sadly, there is no place for them to camp with their horses & trailers. Even the locals would use a camping area where they can board horses overnight or for the weekend while they enjoy the trails with family & friends as it is quite a drive even for locals to get to the trail system. Also, with the size of the horse trailers used these days, the approaches definitely need to be wider to accommodate these rigs as they enter & exit the trail head. There should also be a water supply for the campers and horses. • I was there as a child every weekend it is a gem I always liked it up there and still do have many childhood memories. I hope it continues to grow but still I want it to be our little piece of heaven!!! • I would hate to see it over-developed- I would like visitors to enjoy it in its natural state. Maybe a small visitor center with maps for hiking or of other scenic interest . Please don't get over zealous and disturb the natural habitat of creatures and flora. • i would like to see a sizable body of water for fishing and boating. a campground on the lake would bring in tourist dollars to our region, along with the canoeing, tubing, etc. water activities on the river. trails for hiking and biking and separate trails for ATVs and the like would be attractive to campers and water activity enthusiasts. this area is beautiful and has such potential that has been untouched for far too long. • I would like to see this area kept wilderness. • I would like to them build a place for RV camping.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • I would love an equestrian campground it would make our trips down more enjoyable to spend more than a day there. • I would love to ride my horses and camp at the Penning Gorge! • I would love to see more trails and the road to the river in the Neumendalhs be better maintained. Other than that GREAT JOB!!! • I would love to see the Pembina Gorge developed along the lines of a combination of Sully's Hill National Game Preserve at Devil's Lake, Icelandic State Park and Grahams Island. This would include lots of observation areas of the natural wildlife that find their home in the Pembina Gorge, camping places, a visitors center, places to park if just on a day drive, winter time activities etc. I would also love to see the ND Park system take over Frost Fire and the amphitheater there. Dick and Judy Johnson are not getting any younger and have made Frost Fire into a wonderful wintertime recreation area. Perhaps a visitors center could be located there. Frost Fire could also be expanded to include cross country ski trails (was tried in years past by local people but was too much work to keep it cleared). North Dakota has done well in developing it's parks to be respectful of nature first and I would hope that the same philosophy would apply to the Pembina Gorge. It's a naturally beautiful area and any development must be considered wisely so as not to ruin the nature that is there. • I would really like to ride there but it is a long drive up there with no place to park and camp overnight. • I would suggest repairing the road down to the river and having some sort of picnic area or something down there. Also if the trail could be made into more of a loop and traffic headed only one direction that would be amazing, as the blind corners can be a bit hairy with the amount of traffic the trails have had a few of the times I have been up there. • Interpretive Center scenic overlooks birding controllers bike rentals four wheeler rentals house rentals • It is a beautiful area to preserve for future generations, it needs the protection and management of a state park status. • It is going to be very hard to please everyone. I personally would like to see single track motorcycle trails. But a campground, and hiking trails too. • It is great to see the improvements made in the Gorge. I think the addition of equestrian camping area would be a great draw for a lot of riders. • It is so important to have a recreation area for all outdoor activities - hiking, biking, fishing, ATV's and horses. I know some of those don't always get along with each other, but we all need to learn to live with each other and have places for all to go. • It would be a great area for a nice campground with lots of hiking and riding trails. • it would be nice to have trails from the north west through the south east (walhalla) and into other parts of the coulee. • It's a beautiful area that definately should be developed. Build it and they will come!!! • It's a great place

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • I've heard great things about the current trails. I will be making a trip soon with a group of motorcyclists. • Keep the beauty and wilderness intact; don't pave the paths; leave it rustic; Keep it safe with DNR outposts/Emergency sites along both sides of the river • Keep the good things coming! I did not know that it was being developed for outdoor recreation! I always believed that this was an untapped resource for NE ND! It is clearly one of the most beautiful parts of the state! • Keep up the good work. Keep the spot alive. • Like to see trails opened for motorcycles only along with shared trails with ATV/UTVs. • Lodging would be great for weekend use of all routes. • Longer trails • Lots of ATV trails would be great. • Love to have a place not too far from MN to go camping with my horses and enjoy the scenery and wildlife. • Make a mud area • Make it known to the rest of the state • Many equestrian groups from all over the state, from Minnesota and South Dakota, would love to access these trails. Tourist amenities must keep up with the demands of all outdoor enthusiast groups. • Many of the North Dakota Breed-Specific clubs (such as the North Dakota Paint Horse Club and the North Dakota Appaloosa Club) host annual weekend trail rides, along with special events that pop up during the season. I think they would like to come to this area, but right now there are no trails or facilities to handle the truck/trailer traffic or places to camp for a weekend without getting special permission from private landowners - a detail that's hard to overcome for a group with no local contact. There's so much to offer in this area to these types of tourism groups. • Marketing will make it a success for you. Keep it natural. • Mike Duerre rocks! • More atv trails • More atv trails needed. More advertising to promote the area. • More directions and signs • More family easy for kids • More info about canoeing and kayaking. More hiking. Good maps online. • More promotion. Hear very little even in grand forks. • More public access • More sign so we know where we are going. • More signage and more access points. • More technical dirt biking trails of of the existing trail. Here is a link to a MN trail near akeley this is a great example if an awesome riding area http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/maps/ohv/martineau.pdf Thanks for hear what I and

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  many other have to say we love the trail system and it gets us very excited to have hope for more in the future. • More trails and more picnic areas • Multi purpose trails on both sides of the river; with Interpretive Center bordering Canada, to encourage Canadian customers; Need a DAM to support the flow and encourage more water activities; wind surfing/water skiing/knee boarding/tubing/fishing and inlets/ramps to allow swimming; Have parking at different areas for different activities; horse-related activities - park on the northeast side of river; ATV on northwest side; boating/water with ramps on south end with campgrounds in each area to keep groups separate but happy campers if there are joint events going on; Interpretive tours to Dinosaur sites and/or guided tours. • Need more equine camping opportunities in the state • Need natural atv trails & not digging all that soil to make trails. Use the natural terrain to weave your way • Need to build a dam for an artificial lake to promote tourism and boating. • None at this time thank you! • OHM(off highway motorcycle) single track trails. Reopening existing closed trails. Hill climbing/freeriding areas would be my first priority. I personally think that charging a fee to use the trail system is a bad idea. This is supposed to be a publicly funded state recreation area. That is why we all pay taxes and OHV registration fees. Charging a fee would limit the number of people who would use it. It is out of the way for most people to get there. Several hours from any populated area in the U.S. To then have to pay a fee on top of that is too much to ask. We don't charge fees to use the state funded snowmobile trails, this i consider to be the same. Not to mention the costs associated with staffing a person the be there to collect fees from all users. it would cost more to pay them then you would ever make back in a year. I would like to say that the trail system that is currently in place is a very fun trail for motorcycles and mountain bikes. With a few more miles of awesome single track this could very well be a destination riding area for ohm enthusiasts from many states and provinces. But if word gets around that every time you show up to ride you are checked by park rangers, have to pay fees, closed gates, trails not open...etc, it will not be used to its full potential because people have been scared off. I know folks personally who have had this experience and will not go back there. It is a shame because it is a beautiful area that should be enjoyed and respected by all types of users. Thank you for your consideration I look forward to seeing the progression of this OHV riding area for many years to come. I hope my children will be able to grow up having a first class riding area that i did not have as a child. • Our family has lived in the Pembina River Valley for over 125 years. My parents , Lloyd and Mary Danielson farmed and raised their family there , as did my grandparents and great grandparents. My mother ,Mary, struggled and worked very hard , especially in her later years to maintain the farm and the integrity of the land. The farm was closed to ATV access ,but hunting is still allowed and snowmobiling on a designated trail. Overseeing those activities was never an easy

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  task, as many people do not respect private land -or public. The garbage left behind, the degradation to fields due to erosion from rogue snowmobilers and ATV users cutting trails and fences, as well as the not infrequent rescues of lost trespassing tubers , canoeists, ATVers, snowmobilers, hikers, bikers, hunters and etc. are just a few examples. Through our mother's vigilant stewardship the farm has remained a relatively untouched preserve. It is as close to wilderness as you might find in N.D. The Pembina River Valley is an important, fragile riparian habitat. University studies have been done to try to catalog the many diverse species of birds, plants and animals that are found there. I, and my siblings, take our responsibility to the area as seriously as she did. Any recreational development in the area will certainly impact our farm through noise. erosion and pollution. Any thoughtful plan must consider the preservation and conservation of those precious public lands for future generations, not just a place to play. • Playground or other kid related activities would be a draw for us • Please do not spoil the natural beauty. • Please focus on OHV and motorized trail. I pay license fees and I feel right now I am not getting what I am paying for. Surrounding states Such as Minnesota are much more advanced already in this area. • Please keep trails open for equestrians. • Please limit OHV trails, they are noisy and disturb wildlife. • Preserve this beautiful natural area. Don't commercialize it. • Primitive campsite, more advertising, more access to river. primitive rental cabins • Purchase more private land from the Walhalla area towards the Canadian border. If there was more miles of access there could possibly be more miles of trails, camping, etc. • Rent OHVs • Rent OHVs through the state or privately owned. • Safety is a concern, having separate trails for motorcycles would reduce the chance of meeting 4 wheeled vehicles head on especially around a shard corner. • Sell kites to kids and adults up on the hill on a windy and sunny day. The color of the kites shows how high they go. Exciting to me and colorful. Kodak moment! • Signage and Walhalla • Signs should be more informational to get to this spot. • Since the Pembina Gorge is such an internationally-significant area, home to three different biogeographical biomes, home to all kinds of rare, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna . . . it sure seems as tho theGorge could become a world-class area for many things that DO NOT include the use of ATV's. With so many ancient mounds and other sites in the area that date back 10 to 14,000-years-ago, to the time of Glacial Lake Agassiz, the State should be researching, preserving and protecting these ancient sites, rather than catering to ATV'ers who could be driving over these mounds thinking they are just great jumps instead. Does the State Historical Society realize how many mounds, encampment sites, and other ancient sites are out in the Gorge??? The ATV'ers could sure do

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  their jumping and trail driving in less critically endangered areas. Extinctiion is forever. • So far it seems to be catering largly to ORV. It's a shame that such a unique, nearly pristine area is being developed for noisy motorized vehicles. Contrary to the put- on happy face information about ORV users, many don't stay on trails, don't obey signs, and care little about the natural and cultural diviersity of the land. Rather, they believe they are entitled to use it all for their narrow-scoped activity. But I suppose they provide the most income to the region (gas stations and bars), and hikers and birders contribute the least. And money always wins. • Stalls for horses • such a beautiful place it would be nice to take better advatage of it • Thanks for increasing the recreational options in this beautiful part of North Dakota • Thanks! Looks great. Will plan on coming back! • the area has so much potential , what is been done there in the last few years seems like only a small start to a much bigger recreational area • The new trails you have built are very nice and well done. I, however, as a person who has ridden the trails for over 40 years, would like to see existing trails stay accessible unless closed by the landowner. I also know that N. Dak. laws restrict underage riders and riding double, but I believe this negatively affects your endeavor,in that I think these are some of the most desirable users of your trails. I have been able to ride with my children there since they were about 6 years old. I now have grandchildren of that age that I would like to have the same opportunity. Thank you. • The off road trails are designed well and well maintaned. I personally wouldn't mind seeing some mountain biking trails or some cool camping area's off some of these paths that we could use. It would be really fun to tent it down off the trails somewhere. • The plan needs to be put in place. This has great potential for the future of North Dakota. Some won't like but the majority rules. • The space is beautiful. The signage is so sparse you don't know where you are or what to see. • The state could work with a private organization to help put together offroad racing. This would be a major draw to the area. • The trails are a good thing to write for fun. We could use some rest areas and maybe some widened areas to pass. • the trails were great. Much better than expected. Would have liked more markings along trail that would match up with trail map to see where we were. • There are no camping facilities and I live in the western part of the state so it is too far to drive to go horsebackriding without having a place to stay. It would also be awesome if their were horse facilities like a few corrals for overnights. • There needs to be more trails along the river for the fourwheelers to ride and get muddy. One big thing that teens and people around would like to see is some faster paced, down hill mountain bike trails. We have the perfect terrain for these types of trails.

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  • This area is beautiful and needs to shared with people who appreciate the all outdoor activities. This part of the state needs to be exploited. I live in Minot and people here have never heard of the pembina gorge and the ones that have can't stop talking about it and it's beauty. It truely could be another medora type attraction area. • This is a great opportunity for horse people in our area. • This is a hidden jewel in northern North Dakota, and we take most of our out of town friends through the gorge when they visit. It would be really nice to have more places to stop and get out of the vehicle for all ages (easily accessable). I know we don't want to compromise the natural beauty, but maintain a good balance between nature and man. Keep up the good work! • This place would be so awesome if it had a place to even park a horse trailer and a few corrals. There are massive amounts of people that love to ride up there. It would be more than worth it. Charge $20 a night or so. • This will only be successful if laws & regulations are enforced & people feel safe • Trails and trail access points are my top priority. promotion and access to the Pembina river would be great. There are not may rivers in the area which would be fun to be on. The Pembina river is one of the fun ones • Very excited about the development of the Master Plan! I would love to bring my children to the Gorge more but am not sure what all we could do there during a day trip. It is a best kept secret and while additional amenities are important to more tourism development, I hope there is concern provided to maintaining a nature-based environment. Tourism has been listed and supported through the Pembina County Economic Development Strategic Plan, Pembina County Job Development Authority, and the efforts of the Red River Regional Council. Great work Walhalla team on initiating this effort and I look forward to participating in and supporting this process! • Very fun place to ride. Would be nice if there were a few more miles of OHV trails. The tight turns and narrow trails make it seem like you are riding in a mountain area rather than ND. • We all love the current trails. More of the same or trails made for smaller vehicles, motorcycles, would be nice. The group that I usually go with feels the same and all ride motorcycles • We are moving to Pembina County in 2 days and would LOVE to ride our horses at Icelandic State Park. • We like to ride motorcycle, anything to accommodate us would be great. Single track • We use both motorized and non-motorized trails. However we have been there a lot and there is little or no enforcement on the trails, it seems like the atv's can go wherever they want. More enforcement, more education, and good design for keeping motorized vs non-motorized use separate. We aren't anti-motorized but we sure don't want to encounter a speeding motor vehicle on a trail while out with our small child or on horseback. What abuses we have seen seem to be by the locals, not out-of-area visitors. There is very little field presence by rangers. Perhaps

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Appendices  WD/E'KZ'^ZD^dZW>EʹWh>/ZZd/KE^hZsz  rangers who aren't from Walhalla area would be a good idea, they wouldn't be so tight with the locals and might write a few tickets. And please put in more hike and bike trails! There is room enough in the Gorge for everyone to enjoy but without rangers the whole place will be taken over by atv riders!!!! Educate and enforce! We have so little public land here in ND, it is great to see this being developed. We would also love to have a "water trail" where we could have established put-in and take-outs with camp sites along the river. • With all the area there is a lot of potential to make more similar trails. My group would like to see more technical trails, something not every rider can attempt. Thanks • -work with land owners for public use of private lands -do not block out atv/snowmobile access -establish new trails suitable for larger atvs (side by sides) - put in river crossings -establish new trails, work on upkeep of exiting trails • Would be nice to make a weekend destination rather than day trips. We tent camp and do not travel to spend the weekend in a motel. Summer months of course • would like more ATV trails • Would LOVE to see an area for horse camping. It has been a few years since I have been there because there is nowhere for horse camping. • Would love the opportunity to add this park to our list of places to go with our horses!!!!! • Zipling would be an AMAZING opportunity to draw many many ppl to the area with little or no damage to the landscape

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Appendices VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY APPENDICES

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

This visitor center feasibility study was conducted as part of preparing the master plan for Pembina Gorge SRA. Visitor centers provide a valuable function in many settings, but their cost and effect on the natural setting need to be carefully considered. Visitor center importance can usually be strengthened by combining it with administrative functions such as office and maintenance spaces.

While a visitor center is costly to develop and manage, it can be used to draw more people to the SRA and improve their experience. Due to the remote location of the SRA, need for staff presence and opportunity to provide a unique and comfortable setting for visitors to experience the Gorge, this study recommends that a visitor center be developed. The majority of visitors to the SRA will be interested in a low level of effort experience including scenic driving and visit to a comfortable, and an interesting visitor center with a scenic view. The rich history and resources of the Gorge provides a wealth of fascinating information to share in a visitor center.

Potential Visitor Centers Functions and Spaces Could Include:

x 24 hour access to self-serve visitor information in foyer x Information about the SRA x Interior interpretive exhibits and information x Restrooms x Security presence in the SRA x Emergency response and first aid station x Store with basic supplies, maps and books x Potable water source x Educational/ meeting space x Office space x Supplies and materials storage x Scenic overlook/ deck/ patio x Parking x Patio with picnic tables x Interpretive & information kiosk x Outdoor gathering space for groups and interpretive talks x Lawn area for social space and special events x Landscape with interpretive signs and design x Maintenance building & storage yard x Housing for seasonal staff or volunteers

The following table compares different options in providing visitor centers in the SRA. These include having just a SRA office on site, a complete visitor center on site, a visitor center in Walhalla or using a webpage as a virtual visitor center. One or more of these options could be part of the solution to provide quality visitor information and services. For example, an office and maintenance facility could be developed in the SRA first and then a visitor center could be developed at a later time. If a visitor center is developed in Walhalla, the cost and space could be shared with the City and/or Chamber of Commerce, or other organizations. Virtual internet visitor centers are becoming more common and can be used to help people

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 1

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

plan their visit and market visitation to the SRA. Virtual visitor center information can also be used within physical visitor centers as an interactive interpretive exhibit.

Table: Comparison of Visitor Center (VC)/ Administration Options

Criteria/ Type SRA Office on Site VC on Site VC in Town Virtual VC

Creates a Yes Destination

Customer Service Yes Yes Yes

Safety & Security Yes Yes

Information Yes Yes Yes Yes

Interpretation Yes Yes Yes

Presentation Space Yes Yes

Outdoor Gathering Yes Space

Meeting Space Yes Yes

Store Space Yes Yes

Restrooms Yes Yes Yes

SRA Office Space Yes Yes Yes

Office Space for Other Associated Yes Organizations

Equipment/ Yes Yes Maintenance Space

Staffing Yes Yes Yes

Development Cost Yes Yes Yes

Administration Cost Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 2

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

The following case studies summaries provide information about visitor centers at other state parks in North Dakota. This information can be used to compare the cost versus value of providing a visitor center in Pembina Gorge SRA.

Turtle River State Park Visitor Center

Location Arvilla, North Dakota – near Grand Forks, ND Annual Number of Visitors Day Use Visitors: 80,000 Camping Visitors: 4,500 Architecture, Landscape & Engineering The visitor center has a rural wood siding (fiber cement siding) with stone accents. The landscape is a hard surface in the high traffic front of the building with land and native trees on the other edges. Parking is designed to provide short-term parking for visitors getting information and paying fees. There is a small patio on the side of the building for use by employees or visitors. A small shed adjacent to the visitor center provides cover and space for firewood. Building Functions & Programs • Self-service fee station and information in foyer. This is left open when the visitor center is closed. • Service counter • Small store space • Interpretive panels • Multi-purpose meeting/ presentation room with storage cabinets and kitchenette • Small reading/ library space • Office space for staff (private area) • Storage closet (private area) • Rest rooms • Interpretive programs: Outdoor education classes, “Eco Ed”, university day camps, NRCS summer aquatic programs.

Management & Partnerships How is the visitor center managed? The Visitor Center is managed as the hub for Turtle River State Park’s administrative and management functions. It houses offices of 3 FTE positions (park manager, asst. manager and the park’s learning center interpretive coordinator). In addition, it has a large work space for the park seasonal security rangers. The seasonal ranger work space is where these staff pick-up duty lists, radios, cash/permit boxes and computer services are arranged for rangers to file end of shift reports etc. The interpretive space was part of the function of the “Transportation Enhancement” grant program and is required to fill a transportation component in the interpretive message. The classroom was designed to hold from 25 to 30 people as a typical school class size, i.e. the size a teacher can reasonably handle. Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 3

Appendices Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

As the main point of contact, the park endeavors to have the building open and functioning for visitor services during generally accepted business hours (8AM to 5PM) but, those hours may fluctuate during peak periods.

Are there any partnerships in construction, management or maintenance? 50% of the construction costs were supported by Federal Transportation Enhancement grant funds. The 50% funding was calculated by the feds based on components of the building which would have the transportation theme or would be used by visitors using the transportation component (restrooms, lobby, visitor service desk etc.).

Maintenance of the building is funded 100% by NDPRD funds. Majority of operation and maintenance funds are from user fee generation at the park. Cost to Build Building: Building construction $692,320 in 2006. A/E fees were $71,400. Cost per square foot for the building in 2006 was $182/square foot. (2014 construction costs of comparable buildings in NDPRD is in the range of $225 - $250/square foot.

Landscape including parking: An additional $142,000 was obligate to parking lot construction/paving, sidewalks, septic/drain field construction, and utilities to the site, concrete plaza off of the classroom and security cameras. Lessons Learned Important lessons learned in development or management of the visitor center. NDPRD, across the system has systematically been upgrading state park administrative office buildings. Most critical in development of a visitor center is to identify the most important features/spaces needed to best serve the public. Arguably the most important function in NDPRD’s development of visitor/administrative office centers is consolidating staff and visitor services in one building. Located at main visitor entry points in the parks, the visitor services component is the most frequently used and provides the best opportunity for interaction between park staff and the public.

Don’t sell your soul just to get funds!!! In the Turtle River Visitor Center project, NDPRD accessed Federal Highway’s Transportation Enhancement grant funds. Typically an 80/20 match grant program, in the end Federal Highways disqualified a significant portion of the building due to their opinion those areas were for park operation purposes and not transportation related (park manager/asst. manager offices, work room, seasonal ranger staff area, storage areas). NDPRD then had to cut other project areas to complete this one leaving some areas not done – yet.

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 4

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Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 5

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

Fort Stevenson State Park Visitor Center

Location: Three miles south of Garrison, North Dakota Annual Number of Park Visitors 130,000 average day users 9, 500 camper nights per year

Architecture, Landscape & Engineering Materials: Wood frame, rock wainscot exterior, maintenance free lap siding, clad windows

Associated buildings: None at time of construction

Parking: 8 vehicle parking spaces for employees and longer term visitors. Temporary/short term parking for RV’s/visitors gathering park info, paying fees

Landscape & exterior spaces: Park single track trail links building to park campgrounds/day use areas, native prairie/forbs plantings, native shrub plantings near building. Has small exterior seating space.

Energy: Primary component is state of the art geothermal HVAC system. Has excellent energy conservation design. Each room individually climate controlled. Building Functions & Programs The building function is primarily as the park administrative office / visitor services center. Park is an intensively used recreational park and has heavy traffic loads in the summer. Building provides security and support for adjacent “entrance booth” during summer months. The building provides efficiency in visitor services in shoulder seasons and mid-week public services by combining administrative assistant / park attendant duties at one desk. Building strategically located immediately adjunct to the park entrance road and is the first park development encountered when visitors enter the park.

Small commons area provides snapshot of the history of the park. However, this park has a separate interpretive building which provides historical interpretation of Fort Stevenson.

Building has a conference room, public bathrooms, office space for manager, asst. manager, administrative assistant, work area for summer rangers and reception desk. Management & Partnerships How is the visitor center managed? It is managed primarily as the park administrative /public information services building. Park visitors pay fees, collect camping permits, reservations, park and area information. Building also provides updated reservoir information, up to date weather information and emergency services.

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 6

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

Cost to Build 100% funded by ND State General Funds Building: $575,000 for a 2,500s.f. Building = $230/square foot Landscape: Including parking Parking/pull offs/RV temp parking, earthwork = $160,000 / Landscape (native grass/shrub plantings remote impact areas / close in intensive shrub/tree plantings $46,000 Cost to Operate Staff: Building designed to operate with 1 staff during normal hours. Lessons Learned Important lessons learned in development or management of the visitor center. Identify key components and critical services needed in the building. Use functional designs to maximize efficient visitor services. At entrance to state park, offices have windows facing entrance road for monitoring traffic, provide additional safety for adjacent entrance booth. Build on practices/designs used in other parks with similar users. Designs

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 7

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 8

Appendices December 9, 2014 VISITOR CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY

Icelandic State Park Visitor Center

Location Five miles west of Cavalier, ND Annual Number of Park Visitors Day use: 100,000 + per year Overnight: 3 year average = 8200 camper nights per year Architecture, Landscape & Engineering Materials: Wood structure and cedar siding Associated buildings: Historic buildings are restored wood structures and maintained through donated trust fund annual revenue Parking: Not adequate for special events Landscape & exterior spaces: Originally native plants and grasses – now more of a flower garden with perennials to be inviting Energy: Electric heat/ propane back up (original building) addition = geothermal

Management & Partnerships How is the visitor center managed? Managed by 2 FTE and one seasonal year around employee

Are there any partnerships in construction, management or maintenance? Yes the Northeastern North Dakota Heritage Association paid for the construction of the original building and were general managers of the project. The park paid the engineering and architecture fees. The expansion (2009) the association paid $140,000 of the construction and the park paid $375,000 of the construction and $62,000 for the geo thermal. Building Functions & Programs Reception counter, restrooms, interpretive space, meeting space, office space for 3 staff. Cost to Build Approximate Cost to design & build: original building (1989) $325,000 plus $175,000 for exhibits. 2009 addition $577,000 (see above) 2014 – 2015 exhibits $260,000. Government funding = $150,000 Association $110,000 Cost to Operate Approximate cost to operate: Utilities approximately $12,000/ year, utilities, copy machine, elevator contract. It costs $3,500 to stain the building every 5 years. Approximately $1- 3,000 is needed for office supplies and materials for upkeep. Lessons Learned Important lessons learned in development or management of the visitor center. Do not go with cedar siding. Go with a maintenance free siding and metal roof. Ask for an interpreter / staff to oversee the complex / visitor center to not tax the manager/ assistant manager.

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 9

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Photographs

Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area Master Plan 10

Appendices APPENDICES PROBABLE COST TO DEVELOP SELECT RECREATION FACILITIES

OHV Campground Opinion of Probable Cost

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

DEMOLITION Clear and Grub 7.0 AC $500.00 $3,500 Excludes training/kids area grading/seeding Misc. Demolition Elements 1 Allow $2,500.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $6,000

GRADING Cut and Fill 22,439 CY $4.00 $89,756 2' over seeding limits shown Finish and Fine Grading 7.0 AC $3,000.00 $21,000 Import fill not included Topsoil 22,439 CY $2.00 $44,878 Erosion Control 3 Allow $1,000.00 $3,000 at existing road and 2 other locations TBD Culverts & riprap allowance for TBD site Drainage Structures 4 Allow $1,000.00 $4,000 drainage conditions CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $162,634

UTILITIES Electric Utilities Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Water Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Sanitary Sewer Allow $6,000.00 $0 NONE CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $0

ARCHITECTURE Pre-manufactured ADA CXT vault toilet, 2 Accessible Comfort Station Vault 2 Stalls 1 LS $49,000.00 $49,000 stalls CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $49,000

PEDESTRIAN PAVING Pullout/Restroom Hardener 1,020 SF $1.00 $1,020 4" thick crushed gravel w/ hardeners Pullout/Restroom Geotextile 1,020 SF $0.25 $255 in addition to above Crushed Gravel Trai 11,612 SF $1.00 $11,612 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $12,887

PARKING/ROAD Aggregate Base Course Road & Parking 1,081 TON $25.00 $27,025 6" thick Closure Gate (Manual) 1 EA $1,250.00 $1,250 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $28,275

LANDSCAPE * Assumes truck watering for establishment Upland Seed Mix 5.3 AC $250.00 $1,325 Excludes training/kids area grading/seeding Landscape Boulders 350 EA $50.00 $17,500 Trees 1" Cal. 0 EA $150.00 $0 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $18,825

GENERAL SITE FURNISHINGS Perimeter / Interior Fence 5,285 LF $25.00 $132,125 Dumpster w/ Enclosure Double 1EA$2,000.00 $2,000 Recycling Containers 2EA$100.00 $200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $2,200

Appendices OHV Campground Opinion of Probable Cost (Cont.)

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES CAMPING SPURS-FACILITY & TENT PADS RV Facility Tent Pad 21 EA $1,500.00 $31,500 3" depth native stone mulch w/ border CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $31,500

CAMPING SPURS - VEHICLE PAD PAVEMENT RV Spurs - ABC 21 EA $2,000.00 $42,000 Assumes 6" ABC to road edge CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $42,000

CAMPING SPURS - FURNISHINGS 1 per site Picnic Table 21 EA $1,500.00 $31,500 1 per site Fire Ring 21 EA $300.00 $6,300 1 per site Spur Marker 21 EA $50.00 $1,050 1 per site Corral 0EA$1,500.00 $0 in locations shown Wheelstops 21 EA $50.00 $1,050 2 per site, 1 per parking space CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $39,900

SIGNAGE Wayfinding Signs 3 EA $500.00 $1,500 Regulatory Signs 4 EA $250.00 $1,000 Camp Entry Sign 1EA$3,000.00 $3,000 Informational/Interpretive 1 EA $1,200.00 $1,200 ` CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $6,700

TOTAL $465,984

Owner's Construction Contingency 3.00% $13,979.52 Concept Level Planning Contingency 25.00% $116,496.00 Contractors Bid Bonds 4.00% $18,639.36 Contractors Mobilization & General Requirements 10.00% $46,598.40 GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION $661,697.28

Design Services Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Documents 10.00% $66,169.73 Construction Administration Fees 3.00% $19,850.92 Special Studies - Survey, Geotechnical 2.00% $13,233.95 GRAND TOTAL DESIGN SERVICES $99,254.60

GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN SERVICES $760,951.88

Appendices EquestrianCampground Opinion of Probable Cost

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

DEMOLITION Clear and Grub 6.5 AC $500.00 $3,250 to perimeter of seeding limits shown Misc. Demolition Elements 1 Allow $2,500.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $5,750

GRADING Cut and Fill 20,973 CY $4.00 $83,892 2' over seeding limits shown Finish and Fine Grading 6.5 AC $3,000.00 $19,500 Import fill not included Topsoil 20,973 CY $2.00 $41,946 Erosion Control 3 Allow $1,000.00 $3,000 at existing road and 2 other locations TBD Culverts & riprap allowance for TBD site Drainage Structures 4 Allow $1,000.00 $4,000 drainage conditions CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $152,338

UTILITIES Electric Utilities Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Water Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Sanitary Sewer Allow $6,000.00 $0 NONE CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $0

ARCHITECTURE Pre-manufactured ADA CXT vault toilet, 2 Accessible Comfort Station Vault 2 Stalls 2 LS $49,000.00 $98,000 stalls CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $98,000

PEDESTRIAN PAVING Pullout/Restroom Hardene 1,440 SF $1.00 $1,440 4" thick crushed gravel w/ hardeners Pullout/Restroom Geotextile 1,440 SF $0.25 $360 in addition to above Crushed Gravel Trai 4,240 SF $1.00 $4,240 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $6,040

PARKING/ROAD Aggregate Base Course Road & Parking 1,133 TON $25.00 $28,325 6" thick Closure Gate (Manual) 1 EA $1,250.00 $1,250 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $29,575

LANDSCAPE * Assumes truck watering for establishmen Upland Seed Mix 4.3 AC $250.00 $1,075 exludes corrals, trails, roads, pads Landscape Boulders 300 EA $50.00 $15,000 Trees 1" Cal. 0 EA $150.00 $0 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $16,075

GENERAL SITE FURNISHINGS Perimeter Fence 670 LF $25.00 $16,750 Dumpster w/ Enclosure Double 1EA$2,000.00 $2,000 Recycling Containers 2EA$100.00 $200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $2,200

CAMPING SPURS-FACILITY & TENT PADS RV Facility Tent Pad 20 EA $1,500.00 $30,000 3" depth native stone mulch w/ borde CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $30,000

CAMPING SPURS - VEHICLE PAD PAVEMENT RV Spurs - ABC 20 EA $2,000.00 $40,000 Assumes 6" ABC to road edge CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $40,000

Appendices EquestrianCampground Opinion of Probable Cost (Cont.)

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

CAMPING SPURS - FURNISHINGS 1 per site Picnic Table 20 EA $1,500.00 $30,000 1 per site Fire Ring 20 EA $300.00 $6,000 1 per site Spur Marker 20 EA $50.00 $1,000 1 per site Corral 11 EA $1,500.00 $16,500 in locations shown Wheelstops 20 EA $50.00 $1,000 2 per site, 1 per parking space CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $54,500

SIGNAGE Wayfinding Signs 2 EA $500.00 $1,000 Regulatory Signs 4 EA $250.00 $1,000 Camp Entry Sign 1EA$3,000.00 $3,000 Informational/Interpretive 1 EA $1,200.00 $1,200 ` CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $6,200

TOTAL $449,053

Owner's Construction Contingency 3.00% $13,471.59 Concept Level Planning Contingency 25.00% $112,263.25 Contractors Bid Bonds 4.00% $17,962.12 Contractors Mobilization & General Requirement 10.00% $44,905.30 GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION $637,655.26

Design Services Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Document 10.00% $63,765.53 Construction Administration Fees 3.00% $19,129.66 Special Studies - Survey, Geotechnica 2.00% $12,753.11 GRAND TOTAL DESIGN SERVICES $95,648.30

GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN SERVICES $733,303.56

Appendices Texas Crossing Opinion of Probable Cost

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

DEMOLITION Clear and Grub 1.3 AC $500.00 $650 township Misc. Demolition Elements 1 Allow $2,500.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $3,150

GRADING Cut and Fill 4,254 CY $4.00 $17,016 2' over seeding limits shown Finish and Fine Grading 1.3 AC $3,000.00 $3,900 Import fill not included Topsoil 4,254 CY $2.00 $8,508 Erosion Control 3 Allow $1,000.00 $3,000 at existing road and 2 other locations TBD Culverts & riprap allowance for TBD site Drainage Structures 2 Allow $1,000.00 $2,000 drainage conditions CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $34,424

UTILITIES Electric Utilities Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Water Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Sanitary Sewer Allow $6,000.00 $0 NONE CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $0

ARCHITECTURE Pre-manufactured ADA CXT vault toilet, 2 Accessible Comfort Station Vault 2 Stalls 0 LS $49,000.00 $0 stalls CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $0

PEDESTRIAN PAVING Pullout/Restroom Hardener 12,840 SF $1.00 $12,840 4" thick crushed gravel w/ hardeners Pullout/Restroom Geotextile 12,840 SF $0.25 $3,210 in addition to above Crushed Gravel Trail 12,840 SF $1.00 $12,840 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $28,890

PARKING/ DRIVE LANE Aggregate Base Course Road & Parking 1,084 TON $25.00 $27,100 6" thick Closure Gate (Manual) 2 EA $1,250.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $29,600

LANDSCAPE establishment Upland Seed Mix 1.3 AC $250.00 $325 exludes corrals, trails, roads, pads, Landscape Boulders 200 EA $50.00 $10,000 includes sidewalk-road delineator Majority of trees replaced inside limits of Trees 1" Cal. 30 EA $150.00 $4,500 work due to re-grading. Material cost only CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $14,825

Appendices Texas Crossing Opinion of Probable Cost (Cont.)

UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES GENERAL SITE FURNISHINGS Perimeter Fence 820 LF $25.00 $20,500 Dumpster w/ Enclosure Double 1EA $2,000.00 $2,000 Recycling Containers 2EA $100.00 $200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $2,200

FURNISHINGS 1 per site Picnic Table 7 EA $1,500.00 $10,500 1 per site Wheelstops 15 EA $50.00 $750 2 per site, 1 per parking space CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $11,250

SIGNAGE Wayfinding Signs 1 EA $500.00 $500 Regulatory Signs 4 EA $250.00 $1,000 Entry Sign 1EA$3,000.00 $3,000 Informational/Interpretive 3 EA $1,200.00 $3,600 ` CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $8,100

TOTAL $142,689

Owner's Construction Contingency 3.00% $4,280.67 Concept Level Planning Contingency 25.00% $35,672.25 Contractors Bid Bonds 4.00% $5,707.56 Contractors Mobilization & General Requirements 10.00% $14,268.90 GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION $202,618.38

Design Services Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Documents 10.00% $20,261.84 Construction Administration Fees 3.00% $6,078.55 Special Studies - Survey, Geotechnical 2.00% $4,052.37 GRAND TOTAL DESIGN SERVICES $30,392.76

GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN SERVICES $233,011.14

Appendices Group Area Opinion of Probable Cost UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

DEMOLITION Clear and Grub 2.2 AC $500.00 $1,100 existing shade trees to remain Misc. Demolition Elements 1 Allow $2,500.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $3,600

GRADING Cut and Fill 1,784 CY $4.00 $7,136 2' over work limits shown Finish and Fine Grading 2.2 AC $3,000.00 $6,600 Import fill not included Topsoil 1,784 CY $2.00 $3,568 Erosion Control 3 Allow $1,000.00 $3,000 at existing road entries and grroup area Culverts & riprap allowance for TBD site Drainage Structures 2 Allow $1,000.00 $2,000 drainage conditions at 2 crossings CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $22,304

UTILITIES Electric Utilities 0 Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Water 0 Allow $5,000.00 $0 NONE Sanitary Sewer 0 Allow $6,000.00 $0 NONE CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $0

ARCHITECTURE Pre-manufactured ADA CXT vault toilet, 2 Accessible Comfort Station Vault 2 Stalls 1 LS $49,000.00 $49,000 stalls CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $49,000

PEDESTRIAN PAVING Amphitheater and Trail Hardener 5,550 SF $1.00 $5,550 4" thick crushed gravel w/ hardeners Amphitheater and Trail Geotextile 5,550 SF $0.25 $1,388 in addition to above Crushed Gravel Trai 5,550 SF $1.00 $5,550 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $12,488

PARKING/ DRIVE LANE Aggregate Base Course Entry & Parking 535 TON $25.00 $13,375 6" thick Closure Gate (Manual) 3 EA $1,250.00 $3,750 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $17,125

Appendices Group Area Opinion of Probable Cost (Cont.) UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES LANDSCAPE * Assumes truck watering for establishment Upland Seed Mix 1.8 AC $250.00 $450 Landscape Boulders 85 EA $50.00 $4,250 in landscape areas Trees 1" Cal. 0 EA $300.00 $0 Majority of trees existing to remain CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $4,700

GENERAL SITE FURNISHINGS Perimeter Fence 365 LF $25.00 $9,125 Dumpster w/ Enclosure Double 1EA$2,000.00 $2,000 Recycling Containers 2EA$100.00 $200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $11,325

FURNISHINGS Picnic Table 6 EA $1,500.00 $9,000 Bench Seating 0 EA $2,500.00 $0 Fire Ring 1 EA $300.00 $300 1 for shared use Spur Marker EA $50.00 $0 1 per site Corral EA $1,500.00 $0 in locations shown Wheelstops 21 EA $900.00 $18,900 2 per site, 1 per parking space CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $28,200

SIGNAGE Wayfinding Signs 0 EA $500.00 $0 Regulatory Signs 4 EA $250.00 $1,000 Entry Sign 1EA$3,000.00 $3,000 Informational/Interpretive 1 EA $1,200.00 $1,200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $5,200

TOTAL $153,942

Owner's Construction Contingency 3.00% $4,618.26 Concept Level Planning Contingency 25.00% $38,485.50 Contractors Bid Bonds 4.00% $6,157.68 Contractors Mobilization & General Requirements 10.00% $15,394.20 GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION $218,597.64

Design Services Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Documents 10.00% $21,859.76 Construction Administration Fees 3.00% $6,557.93 Special Studies - Survey, Geotechnical 2.00% $4,371.95 GRAND TOTAL DESIGN SERVICES $32,789.64

GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN SERVICES $251,387.28

Appendices Visitors Center Opinion of Probable Cost UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES

DEMOLITION Clear and Grub 5.5 AC $500.00 $2,750 excludes road and bridge work by township Misc. Demolition Elements 1 Allow $2,500.00 $2,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $5,250

GRADING Cut and Fill 17,747 CY $4.00 $70,988 2' over work limits shown Finish and Fine Grading 5.5 AC $3,000.00 $16,500 Import fill not included Topsoil 17,747 CY $2.00 $35,494 Erosion Control 4 Allow $1,000.00 $4,000 at existing road and 2 other locations TBD Culverts & riprap allowance for TBD site 3 Drainage Structures Allow $1,000.00 $3,000 drainage conditions at 3 crossings CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $129,982

UTILITIES Electric Utilities 1 Allow $5,000.00 $5,000 NONE Water 1 Allow $5,000.00 $5,000 NONE Sanitary Sewer 1 Allow $6,000.00 $6,000 NONE CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $16,000

ARCHITECTURE Maintenance Building 1,575 SF $200.00 $315,000 Serves as interim visitor contact station Visitor Center 2,530 SF $200.00 $506,000 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $821,000

PEDESTRIAN PAVING Amphitheater and Trail Hardener 6,200 SF $1.00 $6,200 4" thick crushed gravel w/ hardeners Amphitheater and Trail Geotextile 6,200 SF $0.25 $1,550 in addition to above Crushed Gravel Trail 6,200 SF $1.00 $6,200 Colored Concrete Paving 17,155 SF $7.00 $120,085 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $134,035

PARKING/ DRIVE LANE Aggregate Base Course Maintenance Entry & Parking 275 TON $25.00 $6,875 6" thick - interim visitor contact Aggregate Base Course Visitor Entry & Parking 1,685 TON $25.00 $42,125 6" thick - below asphalt Asphalt at Visitors Center 5,057 SY $22.50 $113,783 Closure Gate (Manual) 3 EA $1,250.00 $3,750 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $166,533

Appendices Visitors Center Opinion of Probable Cost (Cont.) UNIT EXTENDED ITEM QTY UNIT COST COST NOTES LANDSCAPE * Assumes truck watering for establishment exludes interpretive landscape and program 3.2 Upland Seed Mix AC $250.00 $800 space plantings Landscape Boulders 100 EA $50.00 $5,000 in landscape areas Interpretive Glacial Boulders and Ammonite 1 ALLOW $200,000.00 $200,000 for interpretive plaza, includes substrate Majority of trees replaced inside limits of 62 Trees 2" Cal. EA $300.00 $18,600 work due to re-grading. Material cost only CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $224,400

GENERAL SITE FURNISHINGS Perimeter Fence 275 LF $25.00 $6,875 Dumpster w/ Enclosure Double 1EA $2,000.00 $2,000 Recycling Containers 2EA $100.00 $200 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $9,075

FURNISHINGS Picnic Table 8 EA $1,500.00 $12,000 Bench Seating 8 EA $2,500.00 $20,000 2 per picnic site along trail to amphitheater Wheelstops 19 EA $900.00 $17,100 2 per site, 1 per parking space Deck with Railing 3,180 SF $75.00 $238,500 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $287,600

SIGNAGE Wayfinding Signs 3 EA $500.00 $1,500 Regulatory Signs 4 EA $250.00 $1,000 Entry Sign 1EA$3,000.00 $3,000 Informational/Interpretive 7EA$1,200.00 $8,400 CATEGORY SUBTOTAL $13,900

TOTAL $1,807,775

Owner's Construction Contingency 3.00% $54,233.25 Concept Level Planning Contingenc 25.00% $451,943.75 Contractors Bid Bonds 4.00% $72,311.00 Contractors Mobilization & General Requirement 10.00% $180,777.50 GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION $2,567,040.50

Design Services Schematic Design, Design Development & Construction Document 10.00% $256,704.05 Construction Administration Fees 3.00% $77,011.22 Special Studies - Survey, Geotechnica 2.00% $51,340.81 GRAND TOTAL DESIGN SERVICES $385,056.08

GRAND TOTAL CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN SERVICES $2,952,096.58

Appendices