Water: California in a Global Context Lincoln Project Offers Recommendations for Strengthening Public Research Universities Co
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american academy of arts & sciences spring 2016 www.amacad.org vol. lxvix, no. 3 american academy of arts & sciences bulletin spring 2016 Bulletin Lincoln Project Offers Recommendations for Strengthening Public Research Universities Water: California in a Global Context Holly Doremus, Isha Ray, Anna Michalak, Joya Banerjee, Annie Maxwell, and Christopher Field Consensus & Controversy in Science Jennifer Doudna, Randy W. Schekman, Pamela Ronald, and Richard A. Muller ALSO: Governance of Dual-Use Technologies The Crisis in Legal Education Fear and Democracy: Reflections on Security and Freedom From Local to Global: Public Research Universities in the 21st Century Upcoming Events JUNE SEPTEMBER 1st 14th House of the Academy House of the Academy Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA Russia Beyond Putin Capturing Music: Writing and Singing Music in Featuring: the Middle Ages Timothy Colton (Harvard University) and Featuring: George Breslauer (University of California, Thomas Forrest Kelly (Harvard University) Berkeley) and The Vocal Ensemble Blue Heron 3rd OCTOBER House of the Academy 7th–9th Cambridge, MA Friday Forum Cambridge, MA Induction Weekend Jean-Antoine Houdon and His Portraits of Americans 7th: A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities Featuring: 8th: Induction Ceremony Anne Poulet (The Frick Collection) 9th: Academic Symposium 24th House of the Academy Cambridge, MA Lunch and Book Discussion Featuring: James Stone (Plymouth Rock Companies), author of Five Easy Theses: Commonsense Solu- tions to America’s Greatest Economic Challenges For updates and additions to the calendar, visit www.amacad.org. from the president Advancing the Common Good ince its founding in 1780, the American Academy has sought to advance useful knowledge in Sthe arts and sciences. To quote the Academy’s Memoirs from 1783, “It is the part of a patriot- philosopher to pursue every hint–to cultivate every enquiry, which may eventually tend to the security and welfare of his fellow citizens, the extension of their commerce, and the im- provement of those arts, which adorn and embellish life.” Different from other academies, the American Academy draws its membership from colleges and universities, business, public service, and a range of professions including art, law, and medicine. One of the great values of the Academy is that it brings together members from different disciplines and fields of expertise to participate in its projects, studies, and publications. Through the Academy’s Board of Directors, Council, and Committee on Studies and Publications, the members decide what issues to address. Sometimes the Academy appoints a commission to study an important issue, for example, the Com- Jonathan F. Fanton mission on the Humanities and Social Sciences and another Commission on the Future of Undergrad- uate Education. Often members come together on a specific topic, for example, a group studying the future of alternative energy and another advising on how to develop nuclear power safely. An issue of Dædalus is often connected to the Academy’s work in a particular area: a project exploring ethical di- lemmas posed by new technologies employed in war is the topic of two forthcoming issues of Dædalus. A full description of current and recent Academy studies and publications may be found on the Acad- emy’s website. It is understood that important ideas and policy recommendations often mature over time and that the Academy encourages intellectual inquiry that may never yield measurable results. But there are ex- amples of how recent Academy work has posed fresh questions, shaped research agendas, framed is- sues in new ways, stimulated public discussions of important topics, and provided useful advice to pol- icy-makers. Here are a few recent examples: zzarise (Advancing Research In Science and Engineering), 2000–2008, addressed two issues central to the vitality of America’s research enterprise: 1) the support of early-career investigators; and 2) the encouragement of high-risk, high-reward research. The recommendations included in the arise report were incorporated into the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as well as the federal budgets for fy2010 and fy2011. zzThe Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010–2016, published The Heart of the Matter report, which has been downloaded more than two hundred thousand times and has more than ten thousand copies in print. The Report Brief contributed additionally to these to- tals: six thousand copies in print; 19,977 downloads in English; 2,753 downloads in Spanish; and 7,033 downloads in Korean. The film associated withThe Heart of the Matter has been viewed on- line more than fifty thousand times.The Heart of the Matter Around the Country, the final publica- tion of this initiative, offers a selection of the Commission’s activities in action across the United States on university campuses and in local communities, and includes a collection of testimonies written by organizations that have been encouraged and aided by The Heart of the Matter report. Among these activities were nearly fifty events in twenty-three states as well as in England, Swit- zerland, and Sri Lanka. from the president zzThe Alternative Energy Future, 2010–present, produced the Beyond Technology report that was cited in the Department of Energy’s (doe) 2011 Quadrennial Technology Review (qtr) as evi- dence of the importance of applying social science expertise to the design of energy technologies and policies. The doe used the report’s recommendations to establish a new SunShot program on Solar Energy Evolution and Diffusion Studies (seeds), which requires participating engineer- ing teams to include social scientists as integral team members from the beginning of the project. zzThe Global Nuclear Future Initiative, 2008–present, has produced more than thirteen publi- cations. Many of them have helped to foster much needed public debate on key nuclear issues; some have been instrumental in guiding the development of government policies. For example, in 2014 the project published A Worst Practice Guide to Insider Threats: Lessons from Past Mistakes, which has been adopted by U.S. national laboratories as training material for staff to ensure the securi- ty of nuclear facilities and nuclear material. In addition, in November 2015, the Nuclear Fuel Cy- cle Royal Commission of South Australia contacted members of the gnf Initiative to discuss the feasibility of a proposal developed by the project for the creation of a regional interim storage fa- cility in Asia. The official report of the Royal Commission refers explicitly to the work of thegnf project on this subject. zzNew Models for U.S. Science and Technology Policy, 2013–present, published Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream, which suggests actions to secure America’s leadership in science and engineering research. Committee members were in- vited to present the report’s recommendations at Senate hearings in July 2014 and May 2016. The report also inspired a call to action issued by ten American business leaders. Titled “Innovation: An American Imperative,” the statement urges policy-makers to act on several of the Restoring the Foundation report’s recommendations for stronger federal policies and investment to drive domes- tic research and development. Over 400 organizations have endorsed this call to action. zzEarlier this spring, The Lincoln Project: Excellence and Access in Public Higher Education, 2013–present, released its recommendations for preserving the strength and diversity of the na- tion’s public research universities. Over the course of the project, more than 33,000 copies of the Lin- coln Project publications have been distributed to universities and policy-makers around the coun- try–with many public research universities requesting additional copies for distribution to mem- bers of their legislatures, other elected officials, chamber of commerce staff and directors, and local business leaders. To further disseminate and publicize the project’s recommendations, the Academy held events in Massachusetts, Michigan, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington, D.C., with representa- tives from the media, scholars in higher education, elected officials, and nonprofit and business lead- ers. Additional meetings are planned in the coming months, at venues across the country. I hope these examples make clear that the Academy is committed to following up on commission and project reports produced by its members. One of the Academy’s governing bodies, the Trust, is charged with measuring the impact of Academy commissions and projects and reporting the results to the mem- bership on a regular basis. I want to thank the members who have given generously of their time and wisdom to advance the common good through the Academy’s projects and publications. As I write, over 175 members are in- volved in the Academy’s current commissions, projects, publications, and exploratory conversations. If you are interested in participating in the substantive work of the Academy–or have an idea you want to explore with other members–please let me know. Contents Projects and Publications 4 Lincoln Project Releases Final Report with Recommendations for Strengthening Public Research Universities 6 New Publication Examines Governance Structures for Reducing Risks Posed by Dual-Use Technologies 7 Dædalus Explores “What’s New About the Old” Presentations 9 The Crisis in Legal Education Louis Michael Seidman, Robert A. Katzmann, Philip G. Schrag,