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Vejgeometri / Road Geometry GRUNDLÆGGENDE VEJGEOMETRI /BASIC ROAD GEOMETRY Forfatter: Marianne Rask 2020-01-03 Author: Marianne Rask 1. udgave, 3. digitale oplag 2019-2020 1. edition, 3. digital issue 2019-2020 3. digitale oplag indeholder mindre rettelser. 3. digital issue contains smaller corrections. 3. digitale oplag er ikke blevet trykt, men findes kun i 3. digital issue has not been printet but is only en digital version. released as a digital version. Til den trykte 1. udgave 1. oplag findes et For the printet 1. edition 1. issue there is a correction rettelsesblad dateret 2020-01-03. sheet dated 2020-01-03. Layout: Annette Egmuth Bentzen Layout: Annette Egmuth Bentzen Tryk: Roskilde kopi og print Print: Roskilde kopi og print ISNB: 978-87-971458-0-7 (1. udgave, 1. oplag) ISNB: 978-87-971458-0-7 (1. edition, 1. issue) ©Copyright VEX, Danmark 2019 ©Copyright VEX, Denmark 2019 Alle rettigheder forbeholdes. All rights reserved. Kopiering og distribution er tilladt med Copying and distribution is allowed angivelse af VEX, Danmark. when referring to VEX, Denmark. www.vex-consult.dk www.vex-consult.dk 2 VEJGEOMETRI/ROAD GEOMETRY - 2020 OM FORFATTEREN /ABOUT THE AUTHOR Marianne Rask er uddannet civilingeniør fra Marianne Rask holds a master’s degree from the Danmark Tekniske Højskole (DTH) i 1993 med Technical University of Denmark from 1993 specializing in speciale i vej- og jernbane-projektering. road and rail engineering. I perioden 2005-2019 var hun - ved siden af praktisk In the period 2005-2019 she was employed as an external arbejde som vejingeniør - ansat som ekstern lektor associate professor at the Technical University of på Danmark Tekniske Universitet (DTU), hvor hun Denmark (DTU) where she taught geometric road underviste i geometrisk vejprojektering. engineering in addition to practical work as a road engineer. VEJGEOMETRI/ROAD GEOMETRY - 2020 3 TAK /THANKS Forfatteren ønsker at takke sin tålmodige familie, The author wants to thank her patient family; as well samt holdet af fagpersoner, der i 2019 hjalp med at as the team of professionals who in 2019 helped give give det sidste skub mod udgivelsen. the final boost to the release. FRA FORFATTERENS MAND FROM THE AUTHOR’S HUSBAND Veje - hvordan kan de være interessante? Det er jo Roads – how can they be interesting? It’s just a way bare noget, man kører på for at komme fra A til B. of getting from A to B. Sådan er det ikke altid helt på forfatterens This is not always the case when the author’s family familieture. Her bliver vejenes kurver, belægninger, is on the road. Here road curves, pavements and afstribninger og noget, der hedder tracéring, ofte i something called routing are noted and commented relativt entusiastiske vendinger kommenteret af by the author and often in relatively enthusiastic forfatteren selv. Da familien var nystartet, var phrases. When our family was young, we not very medlemmerne meget lidt påvirkelige, og det hjalp susceptible to all this and our enthusiasm was not heller ikke på vores entusiasme, at vi ofte måtte very high to say the least when we had to take a køre omveje eller gøre holdt for at indsamle detour and stop several times to take photos of billedmateriale til undervisningsbrug og harbour areas during reconstruction in Aarhus, bogskrivning af f.eks. havneområder under roundabouts in Videbæk or 2+1 roads between ombygning i Århus, rundkørsler i Videbæk eller 2+1 Roskilde and Ringsted. veje mellem Roskilde og Ringsted. Efterhånden har vi dog lært at sætte pris på de lækre As time went by we learned to appreciate the hot kurver, og jeg kan da også røbe, at vores absolutte curves and admit that our absolute favourite place yndlingssted på det danske vejnet er i nordgående on the Danish road system is going north on E45 just retning på E45 lige før motorvejsdelen ender ved before the highway ends in Frederikshavn. Passing Frederikshavn. Her kører man under en bro under a bridge you suddenly have the most (Gadholtvej) og får pludselig det smukkeste syn ud beautiful view of Kattegat. We experience this every En af Danmarks smukkeste motorvejsbroer over Kattegat. Dette oplever vi hvert år på ture til year going to the family’s summerhouse in northern ligger syd for Frederikshavn. svigerfamiliens sommerhus i det Nordjyske. På dette /One of the most beautiful motorway bridges Jutland. Exactly in this place, we agree that curves, sted er vi nu enige om, at kurve, belægning og vist in Denmark is found south of Frederikshavn. pavements and maybe even the routing form a nok også tracéring går op i en højere enhed. great synthesis. 4 VEJGEOMETRI/ROAD GEOMETRY - 2020 Det har taget noget tid for familien at komme til It took some time for the family to realize the denne erkendelse af vejenes potentielle skønhed, potential beauty of the roads and even though our og selv om vores viden om klotoider, bitumen, knowledge of clothoids, bitumen, drainage and not afvanding og ikke mindst sporkøring stadig er på et the least rutting is restricted we acknowledge that it begrænset niveau, så erkender vi, at det ER dejligt IS nice with an enthusiastic road nerd in the family med en entusiastisk nørd, der virkelig går op i sit who really take an interest in her work and sees it as arbejde og som ser det som sit mål at begejstre nye her goal to inspire the new generation of road generationer af vejingeniører. Så gør det mindre, at engineers. And then it´s okay that we have to drive vi kører flere hundrede kilometer mens forfatteren several hundred kilometres while the author is kigger på os gennem en kameralinse for at være looking at us through a camera lens to be ready to parat til at tage det næste interessante vej-billede. take the next interesting road picture. En anden interessant historie, der viser forfatterens Another interesting story showing the author’s dedikation til veje udspillede sig under vores seneste dedication to roads happened on our latest trip to tur til Rom. Her gik det op for forfatteren, at det Rome. Here the author found out that it´s actually faktisk var muligt at komme hen til Via Appia (den possible to get to the Appian Way (the first Roman første romerske hær- og handelsvej fra 300 f. Kr.). legionary and trade route from 300 bc going from Via Appia Antica Forfatteren valgte således at bruge en eftermiddag Rome to Brindisi). The author chose to use an på Via Appia, mens vi andre besøgte nogle lidt mere afternoon on the Appian Way while the rest of the traditionelle seværdigheder. family visited more traditional sights. Til læserne og brugerne af denne bog vil jeg sige, at For readers and users of this book I would like to say jeg håber meget, at I vil gøre, hvad der står i jeres that I really hope that you will do your utmost to magt for at forfatterens families genvordigheder ikke make sure that the hardships of the author’s family skal være gennemlevet forgæves. Så på familiens have not been experienced in vain. On behalf of the vegne håber jeg, at I får designet og bygget nogle family, I hope that you will design and build some sikre, flotte og skønne veje, som kan gøre det til en safe, beautiful and great roads making it a joy to glæde at køre i det danske (og måske andre) drive through the Danish (and maybe also other) landskaber. landscapes. Til min kone og forfatteren vil jeg sige tak for mange I thank my wife and the author for many great trips gode ture på mange landes vejnet. Din dedikation og along the road systems in Denmark and abroad. dit engagement er smittende, og selv om emnet veje Your dedication and commitment are catching and for mange mennesker er inferiørt så håber jeg, at du even if the subject of roads is inferior for many med denne bog vil kunne bringe din glæde videre til people, I hope that with this book you will pass on de kommende vejingeniører. your enthusiasm to many future road engineers VEJGEOMETRI/ROAD GEOMETRY - 2020 5 FORORD /PREFACE Vejgeometri er en væsentlig del af Road geometry is an important part of the road vejbygningsdisciplinen, idet vejens æstetik såvel construction discipline because the aesthetic som kørselskomfort og trafiksikkerhed afhænger af qualities as well as the driving comfort and traffic vejens geometri. safety depend on the road’s geometry. Denne publikation er skrevet med det primære The main purpose of this publication is for teaching formål at skulle anvendes til undervisning på at universities and schools in Denmark, but it may universiteter og ingeniørskoler i Danmark, men kan also be used by people in the road industry who også anvendes af folk i vejbranchen som ønsker en wish to be updated or get an overview of the opdatering eller en overordnet tilgang til faget. subject. Sammenlignet med anden litteratur på markedet This publication differs from other literature in the adskiller denne publikation sig ved at være skrevet field by being written in both Danish and English. på både dansk og engelsk. Every effort has been made to ensure that copyright Det er med alle mulige midler forsøgt at sikre, at al is acknowledged and that the statements made and ophavsret er anerkendt, og at de fremsatte the opinions expressed in this publication provide a udtalelser og holdninger, giver en sikker og præcis safe and accurate guide, and so no liability or vejledning, og derfor kan forfatteren ikke stilles til responsibility can be accepted in this respect by the ansvar for eventuelle problemer opstået som følge author. af brug af bogen.
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